Vol. 33 No.4 Engaging the Community February 19, 2019 PYLYP ORLYK’S COAT OF ARMS AND OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS AT IN 2017-2018

Baturyn residents perished in this civil palace architecture with pre- Volodymyr Mezentsev, Ph. D. punitive offensive. The attackers dominantly bastion defences. CIUS, Toronto plundered and burned the town From the late 16th century, this to the ground. The total merciless type of Italian fortified villas During the war in , 350th anniversary of the estab- destruction of the capital, spread throughout Western and conditions for carrying out exca- lishment of Baturyn as the capital together with its inhabitants, Central Europe, reaching western vations in Baturyn, of the Cossack realm. This event spread fear throughout Ukraine Ukraine in the early 17th century. , have remained difficult. will be commemorated at the na- and doomed Mazepa’s uprising Inside the ramparts of the Hon- to failure. charivka manor, occupying an Baturyn was raised from the area of nine hectares, besides ashes and experienced its last ur- Mazepa’s palatial court, a fruit ban upsurge under the reign of garden, a birch grove, and an Hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky arable field were located. The (1750-1764, d. 1803), the out- graphic reconstruction of this es- standing reformer of the Cossack tate, with its orderly network of polity. He facilitated local manu- straight lanes, resembles the reg- facturing and trade with Western ular layout of so-called “French Fortifications, the Resurrection Church, and initial hetman resi- and Eastern Europe in the second parks”. The design of man-made dence in the 17th-century Baturyn citadel, reconstructed on the half of the 18th century. parks with vegetation areas cul- base of archaeological data in 2008. Aerial photo by N. Rebrova. While Ukraine was stateless, tivated in geometric forms and the former hetman capital de- straight or figured alleys originated the expedition continued exploring Colonel of the Kyivan Cossack clined, turning into a small provin- in Renaissance and became the site of the home of Chancellor regiment in Pokorshchyna, in the cial borough or mistechko. In in- popular in France during the General Pylyp Orlyk, personal vicinity of the town of Kozelets, dependent Ukraine, the town has baroque era. Mazepa likely created secretary, closest associate, and . This one-floor recovered, becoming an important khata was constructed of squared centre for tourism, and historical, logs set on a brick foundation cultural, and patriotic education and plastered. for the Ukrainians, particularly Many fragments of terracotta the youth. In 2018, over 172,000 and polychrome glazed ceramic tourists from Ukraine and the tiles facing the heating stoves at West visited Baturyn’s museums Orlyk’s house were unearthed of antiquities and its reconstructed amidst its remnants. Some of architectural monuments. Despite them exhibit fire damage, indi- the war in Ukraine, their influx cating that his residence was has been increasing substantially, burned during the sack of Baturyn up from 130,000 sightseers in by Russian soldiers. Yu. Sytyi 2014, when the war began. asserts that these tiles were pro- According to my research, be- duced locally. He considers their tween 1696 and 1700, Mazepa high technical and artistic qualities Richly illustrated booklet providing the update on excavations commissioned his stately three- a match to the best stove tiles at in Baturyn, published by “Homin Ukrainy” in 2018 story masonry palace in Hon- Mazepa’s fortified manor in Honcharivka, the Mazepa’s palace in Honcharivka. charivka, the environs of Baturyn. environs of Baturyn, before its destruction in 1708. But the ornamentations of Orlyk’s Notwithstanding, the historical tional level throughout Ukraine. Archaeologists believe that the Hypothetical reconstruction by O. Bondar. tiles are distinctive in their origi- and archaeological research of In 1708, Mazepa concluded polygonal ramparts with a glacis his principal residence in Baturyn chief adviser of Mazepa. Later, nality and not mere imitations of the town has progressed well in an alliance with and re- and five earthen bastions of this along the models of contempo- he became the hetman-in-exile those found in the hetman’s resi- 2017-2018. belled against ’s growing manor were modelled on ad- raneous Western fortified palatial from 1710 to 1742 and author of dence. Hence, the stove tiles dis- These years, Baturyn excava- curtailment of the Hetmanate sov- vanced 17th-century Dutch strong- complexes with regular parks. He the first of Ukraine covered at Orlyk’s home represent tions engaged 95 students and ereignty. That year, on order from holds. These bastion fortifications became acquainted with them (1710). valuable pieces of local ceramic scholars from Chernihiv and Tsar Peter I, the Russian army are the earliest-known in Left- while serving at the royal court In 2017-2018, part of the brick applied and heraldic arts in Hlukhiv universities and the In- attacked insurgent Baturyn and Bank Ukraine. in Poland and during his diplo- foundation of Orlyk’s house was Mazepa’s capital. Several shards stitute of Archaeology of the Na- seized it, albeit with the assistance Within the Cossack realm, the matic missions, university studies, excavated. Yu. Sytyi contends with the family coats of arms of tional Academy of Sciences of and travels to Germany, Holland, Ukraine in . Archaeologist France, and Italy in the 1650s Yurii Sytyi of the Chernihiv Col- and 1660s. lege National University leads I surmise that prior to the as- the Baturyn archaeological ex- sault by the superior in number pedition. Archaeologist Dr. Russian army in 1708, the military Volodymyr Mezentsev (Canadian personnel and servants of Institute of Ukrainian Studies, Mazepa’s manor in Honcharivka Toronto) is the executive director retreated to the larger and safer of the Canada-Ukraine Baturyn Baturyn fortress to reinforce its project. Excavation of the rampart with moat of the hetman estate garrison. In fact, Muscovite troops From 1669 to 1708, Baturyn at Honcharivka in 2001. Photo by V. Mezentsev. occupied this abandoned estate was the capital of the Cossack without military resistance and state, or Hetmanate. It had become of a traitor. The and Honcharivka estate also repre- pillaged and burned the opulent known in the West as the major, townspeople, including clerics sented the first known example hetman palace. prosperous, and well-fortified and women, valiantly defended of a fortified villa called palazzo Researchers have graphically town in central Ukraine, as well Mazepa’s stronghold, but to no e fortezza (“palace and fortress”), recreated the ground plan and ex- Bastion, rampart, and moat of Mazepa’s manor and their defence as the seat of Hetman avail. Tsarist forces savagely ex- which appeared in Italy in the terior design of the timber church with cannon and musket’s fire. Computer graphic by S. Dmytri- th (1687-1709), the Cossack ruler ecuted the captive Cossack officers 16 century and superseded me- (before 1700) at Mazepa’s court. ienko on the basis of reconstructions by O. Bondar. most respected in Europe. The and slaughtered the entire civilian dieval masonry or wooden castles. Its remnants were excavated in Ukrainian government has de- population, sparing neither infants Such complexes, like that in Hon- 2011-2015. This lost structure that it was a spacious one-story both Orlyk and Mazepa in relief clared 16 March 2019 as the nor the elderly. Up to 14,000 charivka, combined early modern was representative of late 17th- building or khata of local tradition were found there. century folk wooden ecclesiastical made of logs sometime between Using computer photo collage architecture in the Chernihiv re- 1700 and 1708. A comparable and graphic techniques, re- gion. example of such a well-to-do searchers have reconstructed a th In 2018, near the site of a well dwelling is the extant mid-18 * on Honcharivka’s estate, the ex- century home of Yuhym Darahan, Pylyp.... page 2 UE pedition uncovered the debris of a 2 m-wide brick corridor with stairs leading down to the well’s shaft. Yu. Sytyi suggests that the corridor, extending some 7 m to the west, was a secret underground vaulted tunnel connecting the well’s shaft with the basement of the neighbouring building at Mazepa’s court. Archaeological investigation of the remnants of this extraordinary and intriguing structure will continue in order Mazepa’s palace in Honcharivka before 1708. Wooden church at Mazepa’s court (prior to 1700). to establish conclusively its layout, Hypothetical reconstruction by V. Mezentsev, Hypothetical reconstruction by O. Bondar. size, and specific purpose. computer graphic by S. Dmytriienko. In Baturyn’s northern suburb, Ukrainian students excavating the capital of the Cossack state. Ukrainian Echo February 19, 2019 2

letter Ц obviously refers to His title in Slavic: Tsar (Цар). Such a brief monogram for Christ’s name and title, with only four characters (ІС, Х, Ц), is rarely employed on modern Orthodox crosses with Greek or Cyrillic inscriptions. Longer monograms for Jesus Christ (ІС, ХC) and His title as the “King of Glory” (Цар Слави) are more common. The brevity of this particular mono- gram could be due to the small size of this child’s cross. During the 2017 excavations at the Baturyn fortress, a remark- able bronze ring with a seal on Burnt multicoloured glazed ceramic stove tile bearing Orlyk’s coat of arms (1700-1708). its glass insert of Mazepa’s era Reconstructions, computer photo collage and graphic by S. Dmytriienko. was found. The seal depicts a stylized masonry fortress over Rozumovsky periods. Excavations sity of Toronto, and the Ucrainica Integrative Pharmacy (Omelan which an eagle is fighting a ser- of the remnants of Orlyk’s resi- Research Institute in Toronto have and Zenia Chabursky, owners) in pent or a dragon in the sky. I dence began. Stove tile fragments sponsored the historical and ar- Toronto. maintain that this composition on with the earliest-known coat of chaeological research of Baturyn Next summer, archaeologists the seal illustrates a Byzantine arms of Orlyk and the distinctive during the Cossack era. Prof. will resume their field investiga- legend about the combat between new heraldic emblem of Mazepa Zenon Kohut, a former director tions at Baturyn. Regrettably, due Christianity, symbolized by the were found there. Both will be of CIUS and eminent historian to heavy budget cuts, the Cherni- eagle, and Islam, embodied as a graphically reconstructed and pub- of the Hetmanate, is the founder hiv Oblast State Administration serpent, in the sky above Con- lished. and academic adviser of this proj- has discontinued its previous an- stantinople during the reign of The latest archaeological find- ect. Orest Steciw, M.A., the man- nual funding of the excavations Emperor Constantine the Great ings have reconfirmed the dy- aging director of the National there from 2018. Thus this year, (306-337). The reference to Islam Hetman Pylyp Orlyk, the author of the first Constitution of Ukraine. in Constantine’s time is anachro- Published with permission of the painter, Artur Orl’onov (Kyiv). nistic in this legend. Early modern Ukrainian seals whole tile featuring Orlyk’s ar- Ukrainian politicians, diplomat, predominantly feature heraldic morial bearings. It was covered and writer will resume next sum- emblems. The signet ring with with multicoloured glazing, dam- mer. this unusual Byzantine motif could aged by fire, and measured 35 The expedition continued ex- have belonged to an educated cm by 33 cm. In the compositional cavating the site of the estate of Cossack officer, state official, centre of this tile, is the image of Judge General Vasyl Kochubei scribe, or cleric in Mazepa’s cap- a figured blue shield with an in- (1700-1708) on the town’s western ital who lacked noble status and scribed stylized bowed yellow outskirts. In the second part of a related coat of arms. But its cauldron holder and an unsheathed the 18th century, it was in the owner certainly had to be familiar white (silver) sword with a yellow possession of Rozumovsky who with the Byzantine legend repre- Excavations of the brick foundation of Rozumovsky’s administrative building at the Kochubei (golden) hilt in an upward posi- constructed several government sented on his seal. estate in Baturyn in 2017. Photos of the 2017 excavations and finds by Yu. Sytyi. tion. The shield is surmounted office premises there. These were Unearthed during the 2017 ex- by a golden inlaid crown. Above demolished in the following cen- cavations at Baturyn also were: namics of masonry construction, Executive of the League of it is the continued benevolent it, the bent leg of a knight in blue tury. two glazed ceramic children’s local urban crafts, and Ukrainian Ukrainian Canadians (LUC), is support by Ukrainian organiza- armor is depicted. Two stylized In 2017-2018, archaeologists toys fashioned in folk style (a baroque ceramic decorative and the president of the Ucrainica tions, foundations, companies, green palm fronds flank the shield. partially unearthed the brick foun- rare tiny cup and a common whis- heraldic arts, as well as the com- Research Institute. and private benefactors in North These heraldic symbols are placed dations of two sizeable buildings tle shaped as a stylized bird), mercial and cultural connections In 2016-2018, the W. K. America that will sustain the pro- against an oval white background from this administrative complex. three fragments of patterned ter- of the hetman capital with the Lypynsky East European Research ject’s further archaeological re- and surrounded by a floral orna- Yu. Sytyi dates both of them from racotta Cossack tobacco pipes, Polish-Lithuanian Common- Institute in Philadelphia and the search of Mazepa’s capital and wealth, the Swedish Empire, and Ukrainian Studies Fund at Harvard the publication of its results. Cana- Muscovy. For the first time, an University, provided generous dian citizens are kindly invited artefact depicting a Byzantine grants for the archaeological in- to send their cheques with dona- artistic motif has been discovered vestigations of Baturyn. The tions to: Mr. Orest Steciw, Pres- at Baturyn. New archaeological Chernihiv Oblast State Adminis- ident, Ucrainica Research In- evidence further revealed the de- tration also contributed annual stitute, 9 Plastics Ave., Toronto, struction of the trade and craft subsidies for the excavations in ON, Canada M8Z 4B6. Please districts of Mazepa’s capital by this town in 2005-2017. make your cheques payable to: the Russian army. Thanks to the The most generous patrons of Ucrainica Research Institute annual systematic excavations at the Baturyn study are the late po- (memo: Baturyn Project). Baturyn over the past two decades, etess Volodymyra Wasylyszyn American residents are advised this town has become the most and her husband, artist Roman J. to send their donations to: Mr. extensively archaeologically stud- Wasylyszyn (Philadelphia), and Stan Kamski, Treasurer, Pon- ied settlement of the Cossack the writer Lydia C. Palij, as well tifical Institute of Mediaeval realm. as Dr. George J. The recent detailed examina- Iwanchyshyn in Bronze signet ring of the late 17th or early 18th century, graphic outline of the image on tion of the town’s history and an- Toronto. In the glass seal, and its wax impressions. Macro photos by Yu. Sytyi and S. Dmytriienko, tiquities is presented in the richly 2017-2018, the computer graphic by S. Dmytriienko. illustrated booklet Розкопки у historical and ar- ment with white and yellow flow- the 1750s to 1770s and believes two iron belt clasps, two copper Батурині 2017 року. Рекон- chaeological ex- ers as a decorative cartouche in that they had one floor and a tim- buttons, three lead musket bullets, струкції герба Пилипа Орлика ploration of the the Ukrainian baroque style set ber superstructure. An example and various iron tools, all of local (Excavations at Baturyn in 2017. hetman capital on a cobalt background. In the of such state edifices from Rozu- manufacture, nine silver Polish- Reconstructions of the Coat of and the prepara- early modern era, blue enamel movsky’s era is the extant masonry Lithuanian and three copper Russ- Arms of Pylyp Orlyk), Toronto: tion of associat- was most expensive and presti- two-storied chancellery of the ian coins from the 17th-18th cen- “Homin Ukrainy”, 2018, 32 pp. ed publications 17th-18th-century bronze and silver (centre and gious. Over the crown, the initials Kyiv Cossack regiment in tury, as well as two silver shillings in Ukrainian, 62 colour illustra- were supported right) neck crosses with relief and engraved or- of Pylyp or Filip Orlyk (F. O.) Kozelets. It was constructed and of Queen Christina Vasa of Swe- tions. This publication is available with donations naments and letters. 2017 excavations at Baturyn. are inscribed in Latin letters. embellished in the Ukrainian den minted in Riga, Livonia, in for purchase for $10 from the of- from the Nation- This unique find is the earliest baroque style with rococo ele- 1635-1654, and one 17th-century fice of the National Executive of al Executive of LUC (Roman Studies, 59 Queen’s Park Cr. known representation of Orlyk’s ments in 1756. silver solidus from Swedish Livo- the League of Ukrainian Canadi- Medyk, president), LUC – Toronto E., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S family heraldic emblem, which In 2017, at Kochubei’s court, nia. ans in Toronto (tel.: 416-516- Branch (Mykola Lytvyn, presi- 2C4. Please make your cheques he commissioned while serving a tiny but costly silver neck cross Archaeological investigations 8223, email: [email protected]) dent), the National Executive of payable to: Pontifical Institute as Chancellor General in Mazepa’s was discovered. It was cast locally by Yu. Sytyi have established that and through the CIUS Press in the League of Ukrainian Women of Mediaeval Studies (memo: administration before the fall of in the or 1750s. This cross during the sack of Baturyn in Edmonton (tel.: 780-492-2973, in Canada (LUWC, Oksana Baturyn Project). These institutes Baturyn in 1708. Previously, only could have belonged to a child 1708, punitive Russian forces de- email: [email protected], web: Kuzyshyn, president), LUWC – will issue official tax receipts to two wax impressions of Orlyk’s from a Cossack elite family. Its stroyed the trade and craft suburbs http://www.ciuspress.com/cata- Toronto Branch (Halyna Vynnyk, all donors in Canada and the seals were known to be preserved shape and engraved ornament on in Honcharivka and Teplivka. It logue/history/372/rozkopki-u-ba- president), the Kniahynia Olha United States. U.S. residents will in Sweden. They bear his coat of the reverse were popular in the was only half a century later, turini-2017). Branch of the Ukrainian Women’s receive them from the American arms from the time when he was Hetmanate at that time. when Rozumovsky repopulated * * * Association of Canada (Vera Mel- branch of the Pontifical Institute hetman and lived in emigration A three-barred Orthodox Gol- the devastated town, that new For 18 years, the Canadian nyk, president), the Buduchnist of Mediaeval Studies. Those who in the West since 1715. However, gotha cross is featured on the communities of potters and brick Institute of Ukrainian Studies Credit Union (Oksana Prociuk, support this undertaking will be their heraldic and artistic designs front. According to my interpre- makers reappeared there. (CIUS) at the University of Al- CEO and Chrystyna Bidiak, per- gratefully acknowledged in related differ and lack inscriptions. Ar- tation, on three cross arms, the Last summer, north of berta, the Pontifical Institute of sonnel manager), the BCU Foun- publications and public lectures. chaeological research on the res- initials of Jesus Christ, the King, Mazepa’s manor, archaeologists Mediaeval Studies at the Univer- dation (Roman Medyk, chair), For more information or ques- idence of this distinguished are inscribed in keeping with uncovered the remnants of a the Prometheus tions about the Baturyn project, m i x e d wooden dwelling, possibly be- F o u n d a t i o n readers can contact Dr. Volodymyr Byzantino- longing to a potter. It was burned (Maria Szkam- Mezentsev in Toronto via tele- Slavic icono- during this onslaught. Within the bara, president), phone (416) 766-1408 or email: graphic tradi- structure were found several splin- the Ukrainian [email protected]. I kindly tion. The ters from an exploded iron cannon Credit Union thank the Ukrainian communities Greek letters ball from the bombardment of (Taras Pidza- in North America for their gen- ІС and Х are Baturyn by the tsarist troops. mecky, CEO), erous ongoing support of the his- the canonical To summarize, in 2017-2018, the Golden Lion torical and archaeological research abbreviation the archaeological expedition at R e s t a u r a n t of the Cossack capital. You have of Jesus Baturyn discovered the brick foun- (Anna Kisil, made it possible for scholars to Silver coins from Swedish Livonia, 17th century, Christ, while dations of four hitherto unknown Ceramic folk toys from the Cossack era. owner), and the continue working on this project found at Baturyn in 2017. the Cyrillic buildings of the Mazepa and 2017 excavations at Baturyn. Healing Source even at a time of war in Ukraine.