Music Theory Level 2

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Period Table of Contents

Ledger Lines Page 1-3

Grand Staff Page 4

Ledger Line and Grand Staff Review Page 5

Grand Staff - Piano Visual Page 6

Time Signatures Page 7-9

Theory Review Page 10

Dotted Half Notes Page 11-13

Ties vs. Slurs Page 14-16

Ear Training Part 3 Page 17 44 U"' 1r 3 [ Pitch Ledger Lines [

Notes (and musical sounds) don't end above and below a staff. [ T he notes can continue going higher, like this: [ [ O r lower, like chis: [ • '"'- " . ' ,,.. .~ . - -- - .. [ - • ... "JI. ---.. -:J [ The short lines used for these notes are called ledger lines (pronounced LEH-jur lines). Notes are placed on, above, or below the ledger lines. Ledger lines are really just a continuation of the staff, but rhe lines are shorter. They don't run all the way across the page like staff lines. [

The letter names of the notes continue up and down on the ledger [ lines. Here are the note names for ledger lines in the treble clef. C [ F G A 8 C A 8 C D E [ Here are the note names fo r ledger lines in che bass clef. L • •

A 8 C D E C D E F G

\'(/e've only shown three ledger lines in these examples, but they can continue for more than three. Sometimes you may see four or even five ledger lines. Note: ledger lines can also be spelled leger lines. - Copyright© MMIII by Alfred Publishing Co., Inc. Note: the purchase of this book ca rries with it the right to photocopy this page. Limited to one school only. NOT FOR RESALE. - 45 iI Ledger Lines 1 What are the letter names of these notes in the treble J clef? Place the answer on the line below the staff. • 1 J What are the letter names 1 of these notes in the bass clef? Place the answer on J the line belopw the staff.

J Use ledger lines to draw the correct notes in the box. J This is a half note A. Now draw a To its right, draw half note A J another half note below the A above the staff. staff. J 1 Here is a whole note £.- ,. Now draw a "'- .. D. To its right, draw I .. - whole note D - I .. J - ~ - another whole note - above the D below the staff. staff. 1 .J Circle the correct note for the questions below. 1 Which note is a B? J g Which note is a C? J 1

Ledger Lines are short, horizontal lines .idded above or below the staff to extend the range of notes of the staff. .. rldle C D E B 0-

AB C DE F GAB C CD EFG AB C DE

:111 ddle middle E C D B C D E A B .il 0- 0 ·0-

0 u u While these pitches can be written differently depending on the clef, they sound the same.

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

1. Write the note name in the blank provided below each note.

.il Q Cl 0 Cl Cl 0 II u u

b) .0. Q Cl 0 Ii Cl 0 II u -0- u

c) d)

.il -0- 0 0- .il 0- 0 0 ;,: 0 0 0 0 0 L-J L-.J L-.J L..-1 1..--J L--..J '---' 1..---.1 ~ L.--J ..____ .___. <---J

If you have a piano, or your music room has a piano, you can see how the notes on the piano match up with the note names on the grand staff.

FGAecoE z - ~ .0.. -e- ..0. -e- ...0 C E G A C E . . , ~ I "~ - ... ~ ... I ~ - ~ :r .., ~ - 11) .. "' '- '- J u ~ " - CJ C: . ~ .. -0-U ":r \ I ~ "' ("\ - ~-e- C m.g ...... ,,. ~ 3 0 '< I L'• - - .,. ;:::.: ...... ~ - •• . 11) ... \0 / .. 1 a. :r :r ;:;. • > 1 ~ ...... v:;· ,-+ .. - l -e- '-JO' - Oo-@ -0- u-e- U E F G A B C D E F G A 8 C g g s: ~ 11) ,... s: A B C D "'n "n, =- :r ~ g ~·~ - ~ "' )> 0 :E :::.:: - · ..., :,_ ... 11) ':" :r a. z ;:.· -0 0 ... C: -l :r O'" 11) = -n ~ "' 0 - · :r :n \0:r:::, - · AIBICIDIEIFIGIAIBICIDIEIFIGIAIBICIDIEIFIGIAIBICIDIEIFIGIAIBICIDIE :x, ... \0 m ..-+ /""\ V, 0 0 l>u " r- :r - ~ 0:::, ...o "· "0 u '< :r... ;:;;· u Qj \0 11) Notice that the first ledger line below the treble clef is a C, and that the first ledger line above the bass clef is also a C. On a grand staff, it's the same note, and is known as "middle C." C: "-::I z -·n -i- - • r'-'·

... -..J s Grand Staff

Brace fl 1be Grand Staff connects the treble 11- r and bass clef staves with a line and a ' " tJ -a- -- f--- MI DDLE(~------<> brace. Middle C, notated with a \l ~ .. I - -9:- ledger line, connects these two staves. .. t Line

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

1. Trace the four steps to creating a grand staff. Then create three grand staves of your own. Be sure to include a line, a brace, a treble clef, and a bass clef.

: • ' . '• ....

2. Write the note name in the blank provided below each note.

a- fl

' ,, t) u a- '--..... I .. - l u a-

fl .il -8- I Tl .. ,. " - t) - -8- j u.. - - , - u Grand Staff & Ledger Line Review

1. Draw a note head in the appropriate place on the grand staff according to the numbers given below. Each number below the staff corresponds with a labeled key on the piano keyboard.

f'J :I I\ Jn, '-' \I tJ "'.,..- - I ..

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2. Write the note name in the blank provided below each note on the treble clef staff. For notes you have not yet learned, use what you know to determine t~e answer. a) b) d) e) ~

3. Write the note name in the blank provided below each note on the bass clef staff. For notes you have not yet learned, use what you know to determine the answer. a) b) c) .n d) e) & 9: 0 :I :J= 9: :I & &

4. Write the note name in the blank provided below each note. Remember to check which clef is used. a) b) . c) d) e) ±>= ~ u ~ ~

f) g) h) i) j)

0 9: 9: ~-:- 0 ~& u 30 U Nlf 2 Rhythm L. Time Signature l~

How do music readers know how many beats there are in a measure? They know because at the beginning of a piece of music, to the right L. of the clef sign, are two numbers, one above the ocher, like this: L OR L

These two numbers are called a time signature. (Ir's also called a meter signature, but we'll call it a time signature.) The top number of the time signature tells us how many beats there are in each measure. The bottom number of the time signature tells us which note gets one beat. L. Here's how to know which note gees one beat: • if the bottom number is a 2, a half note gets one beat. L • if the bottom number is a 4, a quarter note gets one beat. • if rhe bottom number is an 8, an eighth note gets one beat. L L

This time signature is four-four. This time signature is three-eight. This time signature is two-two. There are four beats in There are three beats in There are two beats in each measure and a each measure and an each measure and a quarter note gets one beat. eighth note gets one beat. half note gets one beat. Circle the note which gets one beat in each of the following examples. L L L L L j L

Copyright © MMIII by Alfred Publishing Co., Inc. Note: the purchase of this book carries with it the right to photocopy this page. Limited to one school only. NOT FOR RESALE. L' UNIT 2 Rhythm Time Signature ,

The last note is missing in each measure. Write one note in each box to complete each measure. Put the note on any line or in any space. (Remember, the time signa ture will tell you how many beats are in each measure, and what note gets a beat.)

I:..,. t ~ - .. ~.,, ""~ I •a.I •

- It I I Write one rest in each box to complete each measure. :>= gJ J JI_If J I

On the staff below, one measure has too many beats. Circle the measure with too many beats. ·

~ ~ , I I , I' - • ,_. - ,,~ ' - ~ - r,,. ,, \J - - - -' -- ' - - - - i u 1 On the staff below, one measure doesn't have enough beats. Circle that measure. - 0

Write the correct time signature in the box for each of the following examples. ~.. r I' - - - - ~ ,-,,. ,,r, ------'-' \_J - - - - - ' - - " u ...... - I:..,. .., i - - - - - ~ - ,,.. -· - - I I ------Copyright© MMIII by Alfred Publishing Co ., Inc. Note: the purchase of this book carries with it the right to photocopy this page. 1 Limited to one school only. NOT FOR RESALE . q

Remember what you have learned about time signature:

The upper number of a time signature indicates how many beats are allowed in each measure.

The lower number of a time signature indicates what type of note receives one beat.

2- beats per measure 11 4-j gets 1 beat i ~ I~ ~ ~ I~ II [1 2] 2 (1) 2 [1 2]

3- beats per measure 4-j gets 1 beat ! ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ I~ ~ I~ II 2 3 [ I 2] 3 (2)* 3 [ I 2) (3)*

4-beats per measure 4-j gets 1 beat I ~ ~ ~ In I~ ! ~ I~ - II [1 2] 3 4 [1 2 3 4] 1 (2) 3 (4)* [1 2](3)(4)

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

1. There is only one note missing from each measure below. Draw the note on the appropriate beat to complete the measure. Clap the rhythm.

~ ~ II 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3' 1 2 3 1 2 3 l 2 3

2. Draw bar lines in the following music. Write in the counting below the staff. Place the counting of rests in parentheses. For notes longer than one beat, place brackets around the first and last beats in that note. Clap the rhythm. - ~ ~ II

3. There is only one rest missing from each measure below. Draw the rest on the appropriate beat to complete the measure. Clap the rhythm. I~ II l 2 3 1 2 3 l 2 3 l 2 3 l 2 3 l 2 3 Name: \0 l{cview: \Vorksheets 1-11 Date:

A. Draw your clef sign and name the notes:

0 Q ,, (j 0 0 ,, 0 '' 0

B. Tell how many counts each note or rest should receive in j time. 1. 0 6.n 2. J 7. -- 3. J 8. .,.. J 4. ~ 9. ~ I 5. .P 10. 1 I c. Tell how many beats will be in the bar for each time signature: 3 2 1. 8 4. 2 3 2. l 5. 4 3. §

D. What kind of note gets one beat in each of these time signatures? 2 4 1. 4 3. 16 ----- 2. g 4. ~

E. Tell whether the following are ties or slurs: II 2. ____

• • ~. ... • t ~·"" ... Rhythm lJ Dots

The fourth measure in chis musical example in three-four time signature is blank. Suppose we wanted to sing one note for the three beats in the measure. [ What note would we put there? A quarter note gets one beat and a half note gees rwo beats. Bue there is no note which gets three beats. What do we do? [

I~ r • , t ,,.,. - - [ ,,r, J ' . - ... '-' I/ - - - u .._- - - • [ We can lengthen a note by placi ng a dot after it. Like this: A dot after a note lengthens a note by half. [ Jt Jt Dot Dot M t.,<.St_cM_a_tvt~/ [ Half note Quarter note [ ! ~ - I I ~. l ! ~ l I i ~. t t t t ' 2 beats 3 beats 1 beat 1~ beats

Whole notes and eighth notes can also be dotted. However, dotted half notes and dotted quarter notes are more common.

So we can fill the fourth measure of the example at the top of the page with a dotted half note. Like chis: J IJ J iJ r t Dotted half note Here are some ocher examples of music usi ng dotted notes. J Ir O d ; L Rests can be dotted, coo, ...... like chis: t •• I F l I J.

Co pyright © M MIII by Alfred Publish ing Co., Inc. r- Note: the purchase of this book carries with it the right to photocopy this page. Lim ited to one school only. NOT FO R RESALE . !

. . . . . ;--· .-,·:.::~""¢ . : -- ·- . ~ . . •, ., ' . - ~ l 1' ·1, 2 ~ 'i l\ 11v rt. m 11. Dots .. I M t..<..sLcMtttvt / Write the correct note in each blank space.

1. 0 = J. + 4. J. J + J + .. = j 2. = J. + 5. J. = Ji + Ji +

3. J. = J + 6. 0 = J. + Ji +

Fill in the correct dotted note in the box. Fill in the correct dotted rest in the box.

L '• ' .. - ~ I .. 'I - -' - -- -

Place barlines in the correct places on this staff. ~ .. w 01 - . \ , t I' • - ,_.- . I ,, ~ • - ~ r J -, - '"' ' - - - - ~) l In the staff below, circle the measure which has too many beats. 1 F If r 1 Copyright© MMIII by Alfred Publishing Co ., In c. Note: the purchase of this book carries with it the right to photocopy this page. 1 Limited to one school only. NOT FOR RESALE . Dotted Half Note

i When = 2 beats (as in and j): I J i, f, A Dot placed to the right of a note indicates that the note should have half its value added to it. J.= 2 (d) + 1 (J) = 3 beats I / (halfof2)

Note: One Dotted Half Note is equal in length to three quarter notes.

II I Count and clap the following rhythms. i I J J IJ J IJ J IJ J J J 11 ' [1 2] 3 4 [1 2 3] 4 [1 2 3] 4 2 3 4

~J J J IJ J IJ I J J J I J J IJ II 2 3 [ l 2] 3 [1 2 3] 2 3 [1 2] 3 [1 2 3]

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

1. Draw bar lines in the following music. Write in the counting below the staff. Place the counting of rests in parentheses. Place the counting oflong notes in brackets. Clap the rhythm. a)

J J j J. - ~ II

b) ~- II

2. Knowing what you have learned about the dot, and assuming the quarter note gets one beat, how many beats are in each indicated note?

o · = ___ J.= ---

3. [n your own words: Why is it impossible to have a dotted half note ( d.) in f time? Ties vs. Slurs \y

A Tie is a curved line connecting two or more notes J]J. l of the same pitch. A tie extends a note's value. Ties are @• '!= 11 drawn below notes with stems facing up, and above [1 2 3 4 1 2 3] (4) notes with stems facing down. This pitch, G, is sustained for a total of 7 ( 4+ 3) beats. Note: stem is up, tie is below.

~1= l l I r------I~ 11 .....__.....-....__...... - II [l 2 3 l] (2) (3) [ 1 2 1 2 1] (2)

This pitch, G, is sustained for a total of 4 ( 3+ 1) beats. This pitch, F, is sustained for a total of 5 ( 2+ 2+ 1) beats. Note: stems are down, tie is above. Note: stems are up, tie is below.

A Slur is a curved line connecting two or more notes of different pitches. A slur is a performance instruction indicating that the notes connected should be played or ~ sung very smoothly without a break in sound. Like ties, ~= I ~ ______..~ ~ I~ ~ ~ II slurs are drawn below notes with stems facing up, and 1 2 3 4 - 2 [3 4] above notes with stems facing down.

STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

1. Write the total number of beats each set of tied notes will receive. (The quarter note gets one beat.)

a) j~o = b) J_j_j = c) J_o =

d) J_j e) O = . f) = = d.- j- -- J_d_d.

g) j_J_j= h) d_o = i) o_d_J =

2. Circle only the ties in the following music. Write in the counting. Place the counting oflong notes in brackets. Clap the rhythm. J j J J IJ J J J IJ j j 11 ·~ :J /J 4, 4, l,Dotted Half Note, & Tie Review

1. There is only one note missing from each measure below. Draw the note on the appropriate beat to complete the measure. I~ II

2. Draw in the missing bar lines. Draw in final bar lines at the ends. a) i J £ j J J £ J - J £ £ J j J J j b)

I I j 1 J J d 1 J J J- J £ J J J J J c) j j £ j j l £ j J J - J J J J - Cl

3. Rewrite the following music replacing the tied notes with single notes of the same duration. ·

i ~ J JI ~ ~ I~ .~ ~ ~ I~ .J 1 JI JJ JJ I J -. JI I II

4. Draw in the missing bar lines. Draw in final bar lines at the ends. Write the note names in the blanks provided. ,1) , ~ j • • J j l J J J w J r F I 1 J I j.

b) • I• • I I • • • - I• I I I I J £ • d F ' I I Name: \ 'o Tie, Tongue, and Slur Date: ------t A tie is a curved line that connects two or more notes of the same pitch. When two notes are tied together, you hold the pitch for the length of both notes:

'~ ~ j II Hold for two beats. I+ I A. Add the beats to show how long each of these tied notes will be held for:

l. __ + _=_ 2. __ +_=_ 3._+_= __ 4, __ +_= __

= _,A 0 2 l t II 2 E,-,, II 2 E?l:Z?r 11 t s E" I 5. + = 6. __ + 7._+ _+_=_ 8. __ +_=_ A slur is a curved line that connects different notes. Always tongue the first note, and play the other notes without tonguing.

B. In the examples below, write "T" under the note that is to be tongued, and "slur" under the • notes that should not be tongued. iltJ[t) slur 1. ____ 2. _____ J. ____ 4. ___

5______6. __ 7. ___ 8. ______9. ____ Review: 1. A ------connects two or more notes of the same pitch. 2. A connects different notes. 3. A slur means to play without ------4. Always the first note of a slur. 5. A tie means to hold the pitch for the length of------notes.

Optional Activity: 1. Have a trumpet player play the slurring examples. Listen carefully to see if the tonguing and slurring are correct.

Listen to the following examples.

a) I J J J IJ JJ IJ J IJ J 11 b) I J J J IJ J IJ J IJ II ...... __, --

1. Listen to the exercise, then circle the rhythm that was performed.

,) 41 J. J IJ J J II -o,- 41 J J J IJJ J II

b) ;,: 2 J J I J 11 - or - 9: 2 J J I J J 11

2. Listen to each two-measure exercise. Notate the rhythms on the 2nd space. Be sure to check the time signature. No rests or ties are used.

a) II b) ,, II

'i J r c) d) .~ ~: ! II 9= I II . ~ .• • Listen to the following examples of ties. (

a) ft J J I j I J J-- I J J 11 b) 2 J J I j J- I J J J I J II

3. Listen to each exercise. Add the tie or ties in the appropriate places. ,) =fl J J IJ IJ J I3 IJ J IJ J Id II

b) :>= ~ J J J I J J J I J J I J I J J J I J II

c) @I J J J IJ J j lj J J I., II