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Title: Communicating with Light: from Telephony to Cell Phones Revision
Title: Communicating with Light: From Telephony to Cell Phones Revision: February 1, 2006 Authors: Jim Overhiser, Luat Vuong Appropriate Physics, Grades 9-12 Level: Abstract: This series of six station activities introduces the physics of transmitting "voice" information using electromagnetic signals or light. Students explore how light can be modulated to encode voice information using a simple version of Bell's original photophone. They observe the decrease of the intensity of open-air signals by increasing the distance between source and receiver, and learn the advantage of using materials with different indices of refraction to manipulate and guide light signals. Finally, students are introduced to the concept of bandwidth by using two different wavelengths of light to send two signals at the same time. Special Kit available on loan from CIPT lending library. Equipment: Time Required: Two 80-minute periods NY Standards 4.1b Energy may be converted among mechanical, electromagnetic, Met: nuclear, and thermal forms 4.1j Energy may be stored in electric or magnetic fields. This energy may be transferred through conductors or space and may be converted to other forms of energy. 4.3b Waves carry energy and information without transferring mass. This energy may be carried by pulses or periodic waves. 4.3i When a wave moves from one medium into another, the waves may refract due a change in speed. The angle of refraction depends on the angle of incidence and the property of the medium. 4.3h When a wave strikes a boundary between two media, reflection, transmission, and absorption occur. A transmitted wave may be refracted. -
Softphone - Cisco IP Communicator FAQ
Softphone - Cisco IP Communicator FAQ Getting Started Q. How do I order a Softphone instead of a Desk Phone? You can select a Softphone by the following process; Log a request via the Raise a Service Request button on the bottom of the page get a desk phone to get a Softphone: The form you need to fill in is under – Phones, Faxes, Mobiles and Accessories-- >Desk Phones and Accessories A. Fill in all the required details on the form, to select a Softphone, check the “Phone 1” Box and select the Softphone option from the drop down menu in “New Handset you require” As a softphone requires a headset, please select an option, the standard wired headset will be supplied at no charge, if you require a wireless headset, select this option and we will contact you do discuss the additional costs If you require a Softphone as well as a desk phone, this can be provided but an additional cost of $150 is required to cover the costs of the additional licencing. Q. What is Cisco IP Communicator? Cisco IP Communicator is a desktop application that turns your computer into a full- A. featured Cisco Unified IP Phone, allowing you to place, receive, and otherwise handle calls from any location where you can connect to the corporate network. For example, if you are on a business trip, you can use your IP Communicator to receive calls and check voice messages while you are online. Or, if you are working from home, co-workers can reach you by dialing your work number. -
IP Telephony Fundamentals: What You Need to Know to “Go to Market”
IP Telephony Fundamentals: What You Need to Know to “Go To Market” Ken Agress Senior Consultant PlanNet Consulting What Will Be Covered • What is Voice over IP? • VoIP Technology Basics • How Do I Know if We’re Ready? • What “Real” Cost Savings Should I Expect? • Putting it All Together • Conclusion, Q&A 2 What is Voice Over IP? • The Simple Answer – It’s your “traditional” voice services transported across a common IP infrastructure. • The Real Answer – It’s the convergence of numerous protocols, components, and requirements that must be balanced to provide a quality voice experience. 3 Recognize the Reality of IP Telephony • IP is the catalyst for convergence of technology and organizations • There are few plan templates for convergence projects • Everybody seems to have a strong opinion • Requires an educational investment in the technology (learning curve) – Requires an up-front investment in the technology that can be leveraged for subsequent deployments • Surveys indicate deployment is usually more difficult than anticipated • Most implementations are event driven (that means there is a broader plan) 4 IP Telephony vs. VoIP • Voice over IP – A broad technology that encompasses many, many facets. • IP Telephony – What you’re going to implement to actually deliver services across your network – Focuses more on features than possibilities – Narrows focus to specific implementations and requirements – Sets appropriate context for discussions 5 Why Does Convergence Matter? • Converged networks provide a means to simplify support structures and staffing. • Converged networks create new opportunities for a “richer” communications environment – Improved Unified Messaging – Unified Communications – The Promise of Video • Converged networks provide methods to reduce costs (if you do things right) 6 The Basics – TDM (vs. -
What Is the Impact of Mobile Telephony on Economic Growth?
What is the impact of mobile telephony on economic growth? A Report for the GSM Association November 2012 Contents Foreword 1 The impact of mobile telephony on economic growth: key findings 2 What is the impact of mobile telephony on economic growth? 3 Appendix A 3G penetration and economic growth 11 Appendix B Mobile data usage and economic growth 16 Appendix C Mobile telephony and productivity in developing markets 20 Important Notice from Deloitte This report (the “Report”) has been prepared by Deloitte LLP (“Deloitte”) for the GSM Association (‘GSMA’) in accordance with the contract with them dated July 1st 2011 plus two change orders dated October 3rd 2011 and March 26th 2012 (“the Contract”) and on the basis of the scope and limitations set out below. The Report has been prepared solely for the purposes of assessing the impact of mobile services on GDP growth and productivity, as set out in the Contract. It should not be used for any other purpose or in any other context, and Deloitte accepts no responsibility for its use in either regard. The Report is provided exclusively for the GSMA’s use under the terms of the Contract. No party other than the GSMA is entitled to rely on the Report for any purpose whatsoever and Deloitte accepts no responsibility or liability or duty of care to any party other than the GSMA in respect of the Report or any of its contents. As set out in the Contract, the scope of our work has been limited by the time, information and explanations made available to us. -
Avaya IP Softphone Release 4 Version 1 Online Reference
Avaya IP Softphone Release 4 Version 1 Online Reference September 2002 About This Guide This guide presents the information contained in the Avaya IP Softphone R4 Version 1 online help. 1 About Avaya IP Softphone Introduction Avaya IP Softphone is a collection of computer telephony integration (CTI) applications that enables you to control telephone calls (both incoming and outgoing) directly from your PC. Avaya IP Softphone enables you to log into your company's server remotely and make and receive telephone calls from the telephone extension. Avaya IP Softphone increases your telecommunications capabilities by providing the following applications: • Avaya IP Softphone Avaya IP Softphone is an application that enables you to control your telephone calls (both incoming and outgoing) directly from your PC. • Avaya iClarity IP Audio Avaya iClarity IP Audio is an application that performs the following functions: o Enables you to log into the server. You must be logged into the server before you can use Avaya IP Softphone to control your telephone calls. o Handles the voice communications when you use Avaya IP Softphone in the Road Warrior configuration (voice over IP). When you make or receive a call with Avaya IP Softphone, Avaya iClarity IP Audio enables you to speak to and hear the other party via a headset connected to your PC or the PC’s microphone and speakers. Avaya IP Softphone Configurations Avaya IP Softphone supports the following three configurations: • Road Warrior Configuration (Voice over IP) The Road Warrior configuration enables travelers to use the full feature set of your company's telephone system from temporary remote locations anywhere in the world (such as a hotel room). -
The Comcast Softphone User Guide for Microsoft Windows ®
THE COMCAST SOFTPHONE USER GUIDE FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS ® THE COMCAST SOFTPHONE USER GUIDE FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS® 1 CONTENTS Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 System Requirements and Devices ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Login ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Emergency Calling �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Basics on Using Your Comcast Softphone �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Placing A Call ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Answering a Call ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 -
Integration of Voice Over IP Services Over Ipv6 Networks
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Kirstein, P; Lambrinos, L; (2007) Integrating Voice over IP Services in IPv4 and IPv6 Networks. In: Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology. IEEE ARTICLE Integrating Voice over IP services in IPv4 and IPv6 networks Lambros Lambrinos Dept.of Communication and Internet studies Cyprus University of Technology Limassol 3603, Cyprus [email protected] Peter Kirstein Department of Computer Science University College London (UCL) Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK [email protected] Abstract The transition from the current IPv4 network addressing model to the next generation IPv6 network addressing model has always been deemed as a lengthy process. As the deployment of IPv6 infrastructures evolves, interaction with the existing IPv4 networks is unavoidable. This interaction may occur at the network level (simple data pass-through) or at the application level (between IPv6 and IPv4 endpoints). In this paper we concentrate on application level interoperability and select an increasingly popular application: Voice Over IP (VoIP). The use of VoIP technologies is becoming more widespread as end-users and network providers recognise the potential benefits that the usage of the application provides. It is important to provide an environment where IPv4 and IPv6 networks and applications / devices can interoperate in the context of VoIP. This environment is based on an architecture that integrates all the components together (whether they support IPv4 or IPv6 or both) thereby providing ubiquitous access to IP telephony services based on the SIP signaling protocol. -
TR 102 633 V1.1.1 (2008-10) Technical Report
ETSI TR 102 633 V1.1.1 (2008-10) Technical Report Corporate Networks (NGCN); Next Generation Corporate Networks (NGCN) - General 2 ETSI TR 102 633 V1.1.1 (2008-10) Reference DTR/ECMA-00352 Keywords IP, SIP ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. -
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP): Overview, Direction and Challenges 1 U
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Information Engineering and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5782 (print) ISSN 2225-0506 (online) Vol.3, No.4, 2013 Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP): Overview, Direction And Challenges 1 U. R. ALO and 2 NWEKE HENRY FIRDAY Department of Computer Science Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria 1Email:- [email protected] 2Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Voice will remain a fundamental communication media that cuts across people of all walks of life. It is therefore important to make it cheap and affordable. To be reliable and affordable over the common Public Switched Telephone Network, change is therefore inevitable to keep abreast with the global technological change. It is on this basis that this paper tends to critically review this new technology VoIP, x-raying the different types. It further more discusses in detail the VoIP system, VoIP protocols, and a comparison of different VoIP protocols. The compression algorithm used to save network bandwidth in VoIP, advantages of VoIP and problems associated with VoIP implementation were also critically examined. It equally discussed the trend in VoIP security and Quality of Service challenges. It concludes by reiterating the need for a cheap, reliable and affordable means of communication that would not only maximize cost but keep abreast with the global technological change. Keywords: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), multipoint control unit 1. Introduction Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that makes it possible for users to make telephone calls over the internet or intranet networks. -
Telecommunications Electronics Technician Competency Listing
Telecommunications Electronics Technician Competency Listing Telecommunications Electronics Technician - TCM Competency Requirements Telecommunications electronics technicians are expected to obtain knowledge of wired and wireless communications basic concepts which are then applicable to various types of voice, data and video systems. Once the CET has acquired these skills, abilities and knowledge, he or she will be able to enter employment in any part of the telecommunications field. With minimal training in areas unique to specific products, the CET should become a profitable and efficient part of the electronics-communications workforce. Telecommunications Electronics Technicians must be knowledgeable and have abilities in the following technical areas: 1.0 CABLES AND CABLING 1.1 Describe unshielded twisted pair (UTP) - List common usage locations and capabilities 1.2 Demonstrate installation and troubleshooting of RJ45/48 telephone connectors and fittings 1.3 CAT 5 wiring—Explain the differences vs.: single twisted pair and where it is most used 1.4 10 base T-explain where it is commonly used and its frequency capabilities 1.5 Describe the T568A / T568B standards 1.6 Explain how Cable TV wiring is used for data and voice services 1.7 Explain the differences between coax types RG 58, RG 59 and RG 6 1.8 Describe required grounding of electronics equipment 1.10 Describe the differences in Single and Multi-mode fiber optics 2.0 ANALOG TELEPHONY 2.1. Give a brief history of the telephone industry 2.2 Explain how basic phone systems work 2.3 Define POTS, DID, OPX, tie lines and WATS lines 2.4 Explain the benefits and usage of multiple phone lines 2.5 Define PBX and explain basic switching method 2.6 Sketch a local loop map 2.7 Define Key service units 2.8 Define Central Office and list it purposes 2.9 Explain the terms and usage of tones, loop start, ground start and wink start 2.10 Define CO, CPE. -
Video Telephony Whitepaper
Enterprise Video Conferencing: Ready for Prime Time A White Paper From By Richard Kent and Harold Tepper December, 2005 Table of Contents: Introduction ………………………………………………………………3 The Convergence of Video and IP Telephony ……………….……..3 Customer Requirements for a Video Telephony Solution …....….5 Credible Enterprise Video Telephony Applications Are Available Now …………………………………….…………………7 A Customer Case Study ………………………………………………11 Conclusions …………………………………………………………….12 2 Introduction With the potential for significant reductions in travel expenses, as well as conducting more productive meetings leading to more efficient and effective decision making, video conferencing has always held out tremendous promise within the enterprise environment. Expanded collaboration, where video would be integrated with voice and data applications was widely anticipated as commercially feasible, but somehow never really materialized. Large enterprises have implemented video for group conferencing applications, but video conferencing has often remained a niche application running parallel to the core of an enterprise’s communications fabric. As expected with a specialized application, it found a useful place for large meetings and presentations. However, challenges around quality and reliability and ease of administration and use have limited its acceptance within many businesses. In addition, collaboration tools such as electronic blackboards, overhead projectors and fax capabilities never worked as a single well-integrated application. As a result, enterprises were never able to realize the many potential benefits of video conferencing. However, a major development recently has occurred in the communications environment that is likely to break down the limitations that have suppressed the growth of video conferencing. The migration to converged IP networks and the spread of IP Telephony has provided a receptive platform infrastructure that can enable video to become a fully integrated element within the telephony environment. -
A Novel Speech Enhancement Approach Based on Modified Dct and Improved Pitch Synchronous Analysis
American Journal of Applied Sciences 11 (1): 24-37, 2014 ISSN: 1546-9239 ©2014 Science Publication doi:10.3844/ajassp.2014.24.37 Published Online 11 (1) 2014 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajas.toc) A NOVEL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT APPROACH BASED ON MODIFIED DCT AND IMPROVED PITCH SYNCHRONOUS ANALYSIS 1Balaji, V.R. and 2S. Subramanian 1Department of ECE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India 2Department of CSE, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India Received 2013-06-03, Revised 2013-07-17; Accepted 2013-11-21 ABSTRACT Speech enhancement has become an essential issue within the field of speech and signal processing, because of the necessity to enhance the performance of voice communication systems in noisy environment. There has been a number of research works being carried out in speech processing but still there is always room for improvement. The main aim is to enhance the apparent quality of the speech and to improve the intelligibility. Signal representation and enhancement in cosine transformation is observed to provide significant results. Discrete Cosine Transformation has been widely used for speech enhancement. In this research work, instead of DCT, Advanced DCT (ADCT) which simultaneous offers energy compaction along with critical sampling and flexible window switching. In order to deal with the issue of frame to frame deviations of the Cosine Transformations, ADCT is integrated with Pitch Synchronous Analysis (PSA). Moreover, in order to improve the noise minimization performance of the system, Improved Iterative Wiener Filtering approach called Constrained Iterative Wiener Filtering (CIWF) is used in this approach. Thus, a novel ADCT based speech enhancement using improved iterative filtering algorithm integrated with PSA is used in this approach.