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Redalyc.Avispas Cazadoras De Arañas (Hymenoptera:Pompilidae Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Fernández C., Fernando Avispas Cazadoras de Arañas (Hymenoptera:Pompilidae) de la Región Neotropical Biota Colombiana, vol. 1, núm. 1, 2000, pp. 3-24 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49110101 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto FernándezBiota Colombiana 1 (1) 3 - 24, 2000 Spider-Hunting Wasps of the Neotropical Region - 3 Avispas Cazadoras de Arañas (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) de la Región Neotropical Fernando Fernández C. Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, A.A. 8693 Santafé de Bogotá – Colombia. [email protected] Palabras clave: Hymenoptera, Colombia, Neotrópico, Pompilidae, Lista de especies Las avispas cazadoras de arañas constituyen una En Suramérica se conoce mejor la fauna del sur, incluyendo familia, Pompilidae, bien definida dentro de los himenópteros Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay y Chile. El único tra- con aguijón por su morfología y comportamiento. Aunque tamiento general para la fauna suramericana es el de Banks los pompílidos conformaban anteriormente su propia (1946, 1947), desfasado actualmente en muchos aspectos; superfamilia (Pompiloidea) ahora se les ubica en Vespoidea Bradley (1944) estudia los Aporini de toda América (Brothers & Carpenter 1993). En general, los pompílidos (subfamilia Pompilinae). Posterior a los trabajos de Banks y hembras se caracterizan a simple vista por su aspecto ro- Bradley se han estudiado críticamente algunos géneros para busto, patas largas y espinosas y por su costumbre de todo el neotrópico o al menos Suramérica, y se han efectua- vuelos cortos y a ras, así como caminatas sobre el suelo, do revisiones de algunos grupos para la Argentina. La úni- con movimientos nerviosos de antenas y alas. Predomi- ca investigación para la fauna colombiana corresponde a la nantemente son de colores oscuros azulosos, aunque al- sistemática y distribución del género Pepsis (García 1992). gunos géneros tienen colores llamativos. Suramérica comprende 4 subfamilias y unos 50 géneros, la Biología mayoría de ellos en urgente necesidad de revisión (Roig- Alsina, com. pers.). Los pocos grupos estudiados son Un rasgo biológico característico de los pompílidos es que Irenangelus Schulz (Evans 1969c, 1987), Aporus Spinola sus hembras utilizan arañas como presas para alimentar sus (Evans 1973a), Epipompilus Kohl (Evans 1967), Agenioideus larvas, y porque cada larva eclosionada se desarrollará so- Ashmead (Evans 1965), Austrochares Banks (Evans 1969a), bre una sola presa (Brothers & Carpenter 1993). Las hem- Dicranoplius Haupt (Evans 1969b), Poecilopompilus bras de Pompilidae, después del apareamiento, buscan ac- Howard (Colomo de Correa 1998), Adirostes Banks (Roig- tivamente arañas para paralizarlas con su aguijón, colocar- Alsina 1986), Aridestus Banks (Evans 1966a), Aimatocare les un huevo y dejarlas en el mismo sitio de encuentro o Roig-Alsina (Roig-Alsina 1989), Caliadurgus Pate transportarlas a algún lugar seguro. Este comportamiento (Dreisbach 1961b), Chirodamus Haliday (Evans 1968; Roig- tiene muchas variantes, desde el encuentro fortuito entre Alsina 1989), Plagicurgus Roig-Alsina (Roig-Alsina 1982a), araña y presa hasta la búsqueda especializada (presa defi- Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina (Roig-Alsina 1989), Priocnessus nida) y el cleptoparasitismo (Hanson & Gauld 1995). Banks (Dreisbach 1961a), Sphictostethus Kohl (Roig-Alsina 1987), Atopagenia Wasbauer (Wasbauer 1987), Auplopus Sistemática de Pompilidae Spinola (Dreisbach 1963), Dimorphagenia Evans y Mystacagenia Evans (Evans 1973b, 1980). Para la Argenti- Los pompílidos comprenden unas 4200 especies en todo el na se han estudiado Entypus Dahlbom (Roig-Alsina 1981), mundo; en la región neotropical se aceptan 4 subfamilias, Caliadurgus Pate (Roig-Alsina 1982b), y Tachypompilus unos 60 géneros y alrededor de 1000 especies. La fauna Ashmead (Colomo de Correa 1981, 1987). El género Pepsis norteamericana de Pompilidae es la única bien conocida de Fabricius está siendo estudiado actualmente por C. Vardy. nuestro hemisferio, con 282 especies conocidas en 40 gé- Esta revisión de estudios nos muestra que se ha investiga- neros (Goulet & Huber 1993). Centroamérica se ha estudia- do críticamente sólo un 30% de los géneros suramericanos do para Pompilinae y algunos otros pocos géneros (Evans de Pompilidae, permaneciendo una fracción importante sin 1966b), así como el Caribe. estudios recientes. Biota Colombiana 1 (1), 2000 4- Avispas cazadoras de arañas del Neotrópico Fernández Sinopsis y listado de especies El cuadro 1 relaciona las subfamilias, tribus, géneros y El listado comprende alrededor de 750 especies y subgéneros de pompílidos de la Región Neotropical, inclu- subespecies, y se basa principalmente en la literatura. De- yendo números de especies para esta región y para Colom- bido a su carácter de lista preliminar necesariamente tiene bia (Fernández 1995). Sigue el listado de las especies cono- varias fallas: faltan varias especies (especialmente de la fauna cidas para la Región Neotropical; al frente de cada especie chilena), de algunos nombres no se tiene el autor, o la fe- se ofrece la distribución por países, y en el caso de las cha, o ambos, o esta información es dudosa; en varios ca- especies presentes en Colombia, la distribución por depar- sos no se conoció la distribución. A pesar de estos proble- tamentos. Se ofrecen referencias bibliográficas relevantes mas la lista puede ser útil para los interesados en este gru- para la mayoría de especies. La columna de observaciones po ya que hasta donde se sabe no se ha publicado ninguna relaciona los sexos conocidos para cada especie. relación de la familia para todo el Neotrópico. Spider-Hunting Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Neotropical Region Fernando Fernández C. Key words: Colombia, Hymenoptera, Neotropics, Pompilidae, Species List The Pompilidae, or spider-hunting wasps, comprise a 1000 species are recognized. Only the North American family well-defined by morphology and behavior within pompilid fauna is well known in the Western Hemisphere, the aculeate hymenopterans. Though formerly considered with 282 described species in 40 genera (Hanson & Gauld a single superfamily, the Pompiloidea, they are currently 1995). The Pompilinae and a few other genera have been included within the Vespoidea (Brothers & Carpenter studied in Central America and the Caribbean by Evans 1993). It is generally easy to recognize the female (1966a), who revised the subfamily for the region. pompilids, who are characterized by their robust appearance and long, spiny legs; for their tendency to The Southern Cone fauna of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, walk or undertake only short flights close to the ground; Paraguay, and Chile is better known than that of the rest and for the “nervous” movements of their antennae and of the continent. The only general treatment for South wings. They are mostly dark and bluish, although some America is that of Banks (1946, 1947), many aspects of genera are more colorful. which are now outdated. Bradley (1944) analyzed the entire American Aporini (Subfamily Pompilinae). Biology Subsequent to these works, some genera have been critically studied for the entire Neotropical Region, or at The natural history of the pompilids is based upon the least for South America, and a few groups have been revised capture of a spider to sustain the development of each with respect to Argentina. The only treatment of the offspring (Brothers & Carpenter 1993). After mating, a Colombian fauna is the work of García (1992) on the female actively searches for spiders, which she subdues systematics and distribution of the genus Pepsis. with her sting. Either leaving her victim in the same spot or transporting it to some safe place, she oviposits a sin- There are 4 subfamilies and about 50 genera of South gle egg, which will hatch and live on the tissues of the America pompilids, most of which are in urgent need of paralyzed prey until eclosion. The details of these revision (Roig-Alsina, pers. comm.). The few groups that behaviors are highly variable, from opportunistic, have been studied are Irenangelus Schulz (Evans 1969c, generalized search and use patterns, to highly-specialized 1987), Aporus Spinola (Evans 1973a), Epipompilus Kohl predator-prey relationships, and kleptoparasitism (Evans 1967), Agenioideus Ashmead (Evans 1965), (Hanson & Gauld 1995). Austrochares Banks (Evans 1969a), Dicranoplius Haupt (Evans 1969b), Poecilopompilus Howard (Colomo de Systematics of the Pompilidae Correa 1998), Adirostes Banks (Roig-Alsina 1986), Aridestus Banks (Evans 1966b), Aimatocare Roig-Alsina The pompilids comprise some 4200 species worldwide. In (Roig-Alsina 1989), the neotropics, 4 subfamilies, around 60 genera, and about Biota Colombiana 1 (1), 2000 Fernández Spider-Hunting Wasps of the Neotropical Region - 5 Caliadurgus Pate (Dreisbach 1961b), Chirodamus Haliday tribes, genera, and subgenera of the neotropical (Evans 1968; Roig-Alsina 1989), Plagicurgus Roig-Alsina pompilids, and indicates numbers of species for the region (Roig-Alsina 1982a), Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina (Roig- and for Colombia
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