KFRI Research Report No. 256 ISSN No. 0970-8103 RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND PROCESSING OF CANE & BAMBOO SPECIES SUITABLE FOR HANDICRAFTS Project Leader JK. Sharma Project Coordinator KK. Seethalakshmi Coordinator (Canes) Associate Investigators C. Renuka T.K. Damodharan V.P. Raveendran Principal Investigators K. V. Mohammed Kunhi M. S. Muktesh Kumar N. Sarojam R. C. Pandalai K. F. George E. M. Muralidharan C. Mohanan S. Sankar R. Gnanaharan K. M. Bhat K. H. Hussain K. Sankara Pillai K. C. Chacko U.M. Chandrashekara N. C. Induchoodan Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi April 2004 CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Abstract of Project Proposal Project organization Executive summary VOLUME - 1 Chapter – 1. Introduction Major achievements Chapter – 2.. Setting up integrated Gene pools Chapter – 2. 1. Survey and documentation of cane species suitable for handicrafts Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results Appendix – 1. Proforma for collection of information on canes Appendix – 2. Commercial Rattans of Kerala Appendix – 3. List of Cane Societies in Kerala Chapter – 2. 2. Survey and documentation of Bamboo species suitable for handicrafts Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results Appendix – 4. Proforma for collection of information on bamboos Appendix – 5. Commercial bamboos of Kerala Appendix – 6. List of bamboo Societies and craft units in Kerala Chapter – 2. 3. Adoption of suitable techniques for propagation Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results Dendrocalamus giganteus D. brandisii D. membranaceus Ochlandra beddomei Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii References Chapter – 2. 4. Package of practices for cultivation of bamboo and cane Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results Appendix – 7. Nursery and Silvicultural techniques for Bamboos Appendix – 8. Nursery and Silvicultural techniques for Rattans Chapter – 2. 5. Establishment of Germplasm of bamboo and cane Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results Genera and species of bamboos in KFRI bambusetum Growth of different bamboo species at Veluppadam Germplasm of Cane References Appendix – 9. Proforma for recording observations from bamboo germplasm Chapter – 3. Tissue culture and multiplication nurseries Chapter – 3. 1. Micropropagation of bamboo and cane Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Results and Discussion Bamboo Rattan Conclusion References Appendix – 10. Micropropagation of bamboo and rattan Chapter – 3. 2. Establishment of multiplication nurseries for commercial bamboo species Abstract Introduction Objectives Methodology Results Mother Plant Collection Planting stock production in nurseries References Appendix – 11. Sample copy of the agreement executed for joint venture nursery Chapter – 4. Setting up farms with NGOs and local farmers Abstract Introduction Objectives Methodology Results Selection of interest groups Selection of species suitable for cultivation Establishment of demonstration plots Bamboo and Cane Club formation Interaction meeting of potential large-scale farmers References Appendix – 12. Questionnaire and invitation for formation of bamboo and cane club Appendix – 13. List of farmers/NGOs and organizations interested in nurseries Appendix – 14. Programme schedule and list of resource persons for training Appendix – 15. List of farmers supplied with bamboo and cane planting stock Appendix – 16. Malayalam Newsletter - Muladwani Appendix - 17. Minutes of interaction meeting on potential farmers Chapter – 5. Oil curing of canes: transfer of technology in Kerala and Northeast Abstract Introduction Objectives Methodology and Results Installation of cane curing facilities in Kerala Cost structure of cane curing Training in the modified nomad type cane curing unit Installation of cane curing unit in Arunachal Pradesh Popularisation of the technology and training in North-east Feed-back and follow-up action References Appendix – 18. Oil curing technology for value added rattan Chapter – 6. Training and Workshops Abstract Introduction Objectives Methodology Results Training to farmers, NGOs and other interest groups Training to Scientists from participating institutions Training to master craftsmen ‘Bamboo: tomorrows crop’: AIR programme on Farm and Home Workshops Appendix – 19. Participants for training on Cultivation and Management Appendix – 20. Programme and list of participants, Training workshop, RFRI, Jorhat Appendix – 21. Participants of Design and Technology Workshop Appendix – 22. Resource persons and lessons for ‘Bamboo: tomorrows crop’ Appendix – 23. Worksop on Policy and Legal Issues - Report and participants Appendix - 24. Workshop on Self-Help and Community Mobilization participants Appendix – 25. Proceedings of Interaction workshop VOLUME - 2 Chapter – 7. Publicity and awareness Abstract Introduction Objectives Methodology Results Handbooks Directory Annotated Bibliographies Web site Appendix –26. Preservative treatment of bamboo and bamboo products Appendix –27. Protection of Rattan against fungal staining and biodegradation Appendix –28. Information Resources on Bamboo and Cane Development in Kerala Appendix –29. Annotated Bibliography on Bamboos of the World Appendix –30. Annotated Bibliography on Rattans of the World Appendix – 31. Information in the Website on Bamboo and Rattan Research at KFRI PREFACE Recently, bamboo and cane based industries have been identified as potential sunrise industries in India and a significant amount is earmarked for the development of this sector. Bamboos, popularly known as giant grasses, with more than 1575 species in the world, occurring in a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, play an important role in providing livelihood, ecological and food securities to mankind. Canes are spiny trailing and climbing palms of tropical rain forests with about 600 species predominantly found in South East Asia mainly used for handicrafts and furniture. The cane and bamboo project, initiated by the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is one of the holistic programmes with the intention of development of cane and bamboo handicraft sector. The programme, which involved a network of institutions and agencies, covered a wide spectrum of activities including resource enhancement, product diversification, partial mechanization of raw materials processing and promotion of marketing. The project was implemented in four states in north- eastern India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Tripura) and one state in southern India (Kerala). The programme for resource enhancement was implemented by the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) as a nodal agency with the association of the Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam and the State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. During the course of the project, the possibilities for development of bamboo resources in these states were examined critically and species suitable for handicrafts were identified. Packages of practice for cultivation, planting stock production by both micro and macropropagation methods, establishment of joint-venture nurseries and demonstration plots with user groups are some of the outcome of the project towards organized cultivation. Technology transfer through training programmes, series of user-friendly publications and workshops on focal themes like policy and legal issues have resulted in setting up a platform for promotion of cultivation of bamboo and cane and value addition of their products. I congratulate all the team members of the project and all those directly or indirectly involved in planning and implementation of this integrated programme and hope the deliverables are of help in planning future steps in this direction. Peechi Dr. J. K. Sharma 27 January 2004 Director, KFRI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We owe a great deal to Mrs. Tinoo Joshi, Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) and Mr. Ravi Capoor, Additional Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India for the financial support, critical evaluation and valuable suggestions during planning and implementation of the project. We are grateful to Dr. K. S. S. Nair, former Director for his vision and input during project development. The help rendered during the entire project period by Mr. G. K. Asthana, Deputy Director, Office of the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Government of India has played a critical role in successful completion of the project and we owe special thanks to him. We are thankful to Dr. K. G. Prasad, Director, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam and Dr. S. N. Hegde, Director, State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh for their guidance during the implementation of this project in North-east India. The help rendered by Dr. K. Haridasan, Scientist, SFRI and Mr. S. Patnaik, Scientist, RFRI had contributed a lot in coordinating activities in north-eastern region and we are indebted to them. Dr. Jose Kallarackal, Programme Coordinator, Sustainable Natural and Plantation Forest Management Division, KFRI and Dr. K. V. Sankaran, Scientist, Forest Protection Division, KFRI deserve special thanks for their critical suggestions for improving the presentation of the report. We are grateful to Mr. A. K. Handoo, Regional Director and Mr. George Varghese, Assistant Director, Office of the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram, respectively, and their team members for providing necessary information and co-ordination