DOCSLIB.ORG

PSO Ptleated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PSO Ptleated THE PSO PtLEATED December 2005 The Newsletter of the Pennsylvania Society for Ornithology Volume 16, Number 4 FROM THE PRESIDENT'S DESK .... There will be one significant change in the usual schedule. This change is inspired by the fact that we put in a very Annual Meeting to be at Powdermill, May 19-21, 2006. long day Saturday beginning with the early morning field trip, followed by afternoon talks and finally, the evening The officers and board members of PSO met on November banquet. Then, we are up again early 19, 2005, in Boalsburg, Centre County. We Sunday morning for another field trip. welcomed new board members Sandy Therefore, we decided to "shorten" Lockerman and John Fedak. Our principal Saturday a bit by moving our keynote topic of discussion was the annual members speaker to Saturday afternoon and reduce meeting. the total number of talks by one. Saturday evening we will have the banquet as usual The 2006 meeting will be held May 19-21 in along with the reading of the checklist for Westmoreland County where our local host the day's sightings and the presentation of organization will be the Powdermill Nature the Poole and Conservation awards. Then Preserve, celebrating its 50th year of it's off to bed in anticipation of another operation in 2006. Activities will be divided early rise on Sunday! between Powdermill and nearby Ligonier and, of course, various field trip locations. In addition to the Ramada Inn, other lodging possibilities include the cabins at For those who come early, the weekend will Powdermill, camping at Linn Run State begin with one or more Friday field trips. Park and motels and Bed and Breakfast On Friday evening, registration, a brief ' establishments near Ligonier and to the business meeting, socializing, and field trip President Greg Grove called our recent west at Latrobe and perhaps at Greensburg. sign-ups will be at the Ramada Inn Historic board meeting to order. The Ramada at Ligonier will open its Ligonier. A block of rooms has been reserved at the restaurant at 5:30 a.m. both Saturday and Sunday mornings Ramada for those who wish to lodge there. to allow time for a good meal before our field trips. As always, Saturday and Sunday mornings will feature Registration forms and additional details, including field field trips led by local birders. Included will be the oppor­ trip destinations, will be available in the next newsletter. tunity to visit the banding operation at Powdermill in the full swing of spring migration. One more bit of business - looking ahead, our 2007 meet­ ing will be held in the Harrisburg area. Saturday afternoon talks will be held at Powdermill' s conference facility. In honor of Powdermill's milestone I hope to see you in May. In the meantime, good luck and anniversary, one or more presentations will focus on have fun on your various Christmas Bird Counts. Powdermill 's history and contributions to ornithology. The Saturday evening banquet will be back at the Ramada Inn Greg Grove in Ligonier. PSO President [email protected] - 1 - agency, to get things going. In a nutshell, the Endangered The Species Act: Raven • Conserves the listed species Reporter • Avoids jeopardization of the species • A voids destruction of critical habitat - a critical Tales of issue for protecting nests Discovery • A voids takings of the species or its habitat from The ESA made the recovery of Bald Eagles in Pennsyl­ the vania a high priority for PGC. The recovery ~f the Bal? Eagle shows how determination and coop~rati~n can b_rmg Special back a bird from the brink of regional extirpation. This Areas happened because of great teamwork. If we can do it with Project Bald Eagles, we can do it with other species. In early 1980s there were only 2 or 3 Bald Eagle nests in Special Areas Project Update PA confined to the northwestern Crawford County weilands. One could say it was a hopeless situation: Several SAP volunteers now are working on bird checklists for state parks where they have collected bird data. There • Bald Eagles were very few and very local - really still are several locations for which we seek cooperators "critically endangered" in our state. who will help convert bird population data into checklists. • It seemed like it was a species at the edge of its For a list of parks in need of checklists, please see the range, a bad scenario for recovery. previous version of the Raven Reporter. • As a large raptor, it had a bad public image. • Bald Eagles require large areas for foraging and a It is getting a bit easier to finish this task. The Bure~u of good food source, so space and good nesting State Parks is sending the file template of the checklist so habitat may be a limitation for successful nests. volunteers can fill out the phenograms (the time charts They need big trees on which to nest and lots of showing bird seasonality). Please let me know if you a~e fish for food. That can be hard to fmd in parts of interested in making this project a success. By completmg populated PA these checklists, we will educate many people about the • Bald Eagles were fairly intolerant of human occurrence of birds at these locations, advancing the disturbances at their nests. There are lots of people knowledge and appreciation of birds in Pennsylvania. in Pennsylvania. Bald Eagle Recovery Proof of ESA's However, Bald Eagles had a few things going for them: Effectiveness The Bald Eagles is our national symbol, inspiring We are celebrating the great success in the recovery of the • patriotism. Bald Eagle in Pennsylvania. Thanks to everyone for • Bald Eagles are large, handsome, striking birds that making the recovery of Bald Eagles possible. At one time, symbolize wilderness for many people, symbols of the Bald Eagle was fairly widespread and relatively power and majesty. They're "a little bit of Alaska" common in the young Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. in Pennsylvania. Until around 1890, the Susquehanna River was a . • Many impediments (or limiting factors) were "kingdom" for the Bald Eagle. They nested along our large removed - water pollution, pesticides in the rivers and in our large wetlands. Its populations were environment (DDT and others), low fish decimated by the "five P's:" persecution, pesticides, populations, the stigma of being a raptor. pollution, poor food supply, and practically no big habitat. • As a result of the removal of some limiting factors But as a result of the Bald Eagle Protection Act and the (mentioned above), the Bald Eagle already had Endangered Species Act, the Bald Eagles went from a some positive momentum in the early ?Os before persecuted "hopeless cause" to a beacon of hope for ESA implementation. The population already was Pennsylvania wildlife. swinging back after hitting bottom. Public support for environmental issues and wild­ The Endangered Species Act enabled the recovery of the • life was growing. The number of wildlife Bald Eagle in Pennsylvania and elsewhere in the continental enthusiasts, birders, and conservationists grew in United States. By putting the Bald Eagle on the part because of the work of organiz~tions _like Endangered species list, the ESA enabled and empowered Hawk Mountain, Audubon, and vanous bird clubs. the Pennsylvania Game Commission, the state's wildlife - 2 - • Game Commission provided leadership for the there is good habitat but no eagle nests. This species' recovery. There was and is grassroots and includes quiet areas around reservoirs and wooded upper management support for the program. streams in our busy suburbs. • The ESA provided the prioritization of our • The nests are producing more than one eaglet per resources to implement a recovery plan in nest. Pennsylvania. • There now are pairs occupying territories where we • The ESA also gave us more power to protect nest don't know about nests - that probably brings our sites as eagle habitat. total nesting population to more than l 00 territorial • Due to many issues mentioned above, there's been breeding pairs. tremendous cooperation between PGC, other • There is widespread public support for Bald Eagle agencies, and organizations with Bald Eagles - PA protection. Many actively seek out viewing loca­ Fish & Boat Commission, PA DCNR (Bur. of tions for eagles along our major rivers, lakes, and Parks), municipalities, Audubon & bird clubs, reservoirs. Wildlife watchers love eagles and flock hunting clubs, etc. to see them, especially in winter and migration. • Many states enthusiastically began to implement • The Bald Eagle acts as an "umbrella species" for their own recovery plans so the eagle population conservation of wetland and riparian forest species. grew regionally and each state's population con­ By protecting Bald Eagle nest areas, we are tributed to another's. protecting critical habitat for other species not so well known but nevertheless protected. What did we do to bring them back from the brink? • The Game Commission is having similar success • The PGC obtained funding support from U.S. Fish with its Peregrine Falcon program, returning that and Wildlife through ESA Section 6 and from the handsome and charismatic raptor to the Pennsyl­ Richard King Mellon Foundation. The Wild Re­ vania landscape, including its cities. The public source Conservation Fund also provided funding. has embraced the peregrine's return thanks to a • We reintroduced Bald Eagles through a hacking concerted conservation program by the Game program using birds from Saskatchewan, Canada, Commission, PA DEP, and many other parties. It and Patuxent Wildlife Refuge. PGC released 88 is another endangered species flying back into eaglets mostly at Haldeman Island in the Susque­ prominence in our state. hanna River, and Shohola Falls area of the Poconos • The conservation community is moving toward All in the 1980s.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Existing Conditions of the Watershed
    Appendix K: Existing Conditions of the Watershed Table of Contents Table of Contents K.1 Physiography and Topography ..................................................................................................... 3 K.1.1 Chesapeake Bay ........................................................................................................................... 3 K.1.2 Conowingo Reservoir, Lake Aldred, and Lake Clarke........................................................... 4 K.1.3 Upland in Vicinity of Dams ....................................................................................................... 5 K.2 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 5 K.3 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................... 5 K.4 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................................ 8 K.4.1 Bay and Tidal Waters .................................................................................................................. 8 K.4.2 Watershed and Surface Nontidal Waters ............................................................................... 10 K.4.3 Groundwater .............................................................................................................................. 12 K.5 Water Quality ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Development of Fish Passage Facilities at Ferc Licensed Projects on the Lower Susquehanna River
    HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISH PASSAGE FACILITIES AT FERC LICENSED PROJECTS ON THE LOWER SUSQUEHANNA RIVER Peter S. Foote The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 180 Rambling Road East Amherst, NY 14051 HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Original distribution of American shad Early dam construction (1800’s) Hydroelectric dam construction (1904 – 1930) Early shad restoration efforts (1860’s – 1940’s) Modern restoration efforts (1950’s – present) Recent fish passage data HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Susquehanna River Basin HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Original distribution of shad: Up to Binghamton, NY, over 300 miles from the river mouth Larger tributaries such as the Juniata River Pennsylvania landings of an estimated 2 million pounds (670,000 fish) Additional landings in NY, MD, VA HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Seine haul – mouth of Susquehanna River, late 1800’s HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Early dam construction (1800’s) 1830’s – canal feeder dam construction Columbia Dam (1835) had greatest effect – only 43 miles from river mouth Also problems with poor water quality and over harvest Shad runs significantly declined from 1835 – 1890 (PA landings of 205,000 pounds) Mid 1890’s – abandonment of canal feeder dams and small revival of shad fishery (PA landings of 312,000 pounds in 1908) HISTORY OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER FISH PASSAGE Hydroelectric dam construction (1904 – 1930) 1904 – York Haven Dam (river mile 65; 6 – 22 ft high) (may be partially passable) 1910 – Holtwood
    [Show full text]
  • Susquehanna River Management Plan
    SUSQUEHANNA RIVER MANAGEMENT PLAN A management plan focusing on the large river habitats of the West Branch Susquehanna and Susquehanna rivers of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Bureau of Fisheries Division of Fisheries Management 1601 Elmerton Avenue P.O. Box 67000 Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... .ii List of Appendix A Tables ...........................................................................................................iii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................ix 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 2.0 River Basin Features .......................................................................................................5 3.0 River Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 22 4.0 Special Jurisdictions .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Migratory Fish Management and Restoration Plan for the Susquehanna River Basin
    Susquehanna River Anadromous Fish Restoration Cooperative (SRAFRC) Migratory Fish Management and Restoration Plan for the Susquehanna River Basin Approved by the Policy Committee November 15, 2010 Cooperators U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Marine Fisheries Service Susquehanna River Basin Commission Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Maryland Department of Natural Resources New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Acknowledgments This Plan was initially written in 1997 by Mike Hendricks, specifically as a guidance document for future Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) activities in Pennsylvania waters of the Susquehanna River basin. It was modified and updated in 2001 by Dick St. Pierre, the Susquehanna River Coordinator (Coordinator) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to incorporate recent information add new program elements and serve as an anadromous fish restoration plan for the Susquehanna River Anadromous Fish Restoration Cooperative (SRAFRC). It was updated and revised again during 2006-2010 to address additional migratory fish (anadromous, catadromous, and potadromous) including alewife, blueback herring, striped bass, Atlantic sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon, and American eel. The authors appreciate critical reviews provided by independent reviewers and members of the SRAFRC Policy Committee. Portions were taken directly from the Chesapeake Bay Program's "Chesapeake Bay Alosid Management Plan" (Chesapeake Executive Council 1989). Other American shad plans reviewed included those from the Penobscot and Roanoke rivers. Plan writers: Lawrence M. Miller U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service David W. Heicher Susquehanna River Basin Commission Andrew L. Shiels & Michael L. Hendricks Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Robert A. Sadzinski Maryland Department of Natural Resources David Lemon New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Reviewers: Richard St.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Reports Are Outcroppings and Small Islands
    Susquehanna River Basin Commission Lower Susquehanna River Publication 288 Subbasin Year-2 October 2013 Focused Watershed Study A Water Quality and Biological Assessment of the Lower Reservoirs of the Susquehanna River Report by Luanne Steffy Aquatic Ecologist SRBC • 4423 N. Front St. • Harrisburg, PA 17110 • 717-238-0423 • 717-238-2436 Fax • www.srbc.net 1 Introduction The Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) completed a water quality and biological assessment in the lower reservoirs of the Susquehanna River from April-October 2012, as part of the Lower Susquehanna Subbasin Survey Year-2 project (Figure 1). This project was an exploratory pilot study representing the first focused, extensive monitoring effort by SRBC on this portion of the river. The lower reservoirs are located in the final 45 miles of the Susquehanna River before its confluence with the Chesapeake Bay. Three large hydroelectric dam facilities within this reach of river create the three main reservoirs. The objectives of this project were to assess current chemical and biological conditions within the reservoirs while also exploring a variety of assessment methodologies with which to incorporate routine monitoring of the reservoirs into SRBC’s on-going monitoring program. The Subbasin Survey Program is one of SRBC’s longest standing monitoring programs, ongoing since the mid-1980s, and is funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This program consists of two-year assessments in each of the six major subbasins of the Susquehanna River Basin Figure 1. Location of the Lower Reservoir Section of the on a rotating basis. The Year-1 studies involve broad-brush, one- Susquehanna River within the Susquehanna River Basin time sampling efforts of about 100 stream sites to assess water quality, macroinvertebrate communities, and physical habitat three reservoirs serve as drinking water supplies and are also throughout an entire subbasin.
    [Show full text]
  • Conowingo Dam & Susquehanna River Hydro Relicensing
    Conowingo Dam & Susquehanna River Hydro Relicensing Chesapeake Bay Commission Meeting September 20, 2013 Frank Dawson Maryland Department of Natural Resources Presentation Outline . Susquehanna River Relicensing Info . FERC Relicensing Activities . FERC-Approved Environmental and Socioeconomic Studies . Summary of Discussions . Susquehanna River Sediment . Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment Study Susquehanna River Dams Relicensing . Conowingo Dam -- expires 2014 . Muddy Run (Pump/Storage) – expires 2014 . Holtwood Dam – amended to 2030 . Safe Harbor Dam – expires 2030 . York Haven Dam – expires 2014 Relicensing Participants . Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) . Exelon – Applicant / Owner ► Conowingo & Muddy Run . York Haven Power – Applicant / Owner ► York Haven . Maryland – DNR & MDE . Pennsylvania – PADEP, PAFBC . USFWS / NOAA / NMFS . National Park Service (NPS) . Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) . The Nature Conservancy (TNC) . Lower Susquehanna Riverkeeper FERC Relicensing Activities (To Date) 2009 . Exelon Filed Pre-Application Document ► Maryland participated in the development of all study plans ► FERC approved a total of 32 studies ► Exelon conducted studies between 2010 and 2012 2012 . Exelon Filed Final License Application (FLA) August 31, 2012 2013 . FERC Issued Ready for Environmental Assessment (REA) April 29, 2013 • FERC granted extension until December 15, 2013 • MD can file comments on the FLA and 10j licensing recommendations • FWS must issue fish passage prescriptions • Maryland 401 WQC
    [Show full text]
  • Section 4.3.3: Risk Assessment - Flood, Flash Flood, Ice Jam
    SECTION 4.3.3: RISK ASSESSMENT - FLOOD, FLASH FLOOD, ICE JAM Flood, Flash Flood, Ice Jam This section provides a profile and vulnerability assessment of the flood hazard in Lancaster County. Floods are one of the most common natural hazards in the United States and are the most prevalent type of natural disaster occurring in Pennsylvania. Over 94 percent of the State’s municipalities have been designated as flood-prone areas. Both seasonal and flash floods have been causes of millions of dollars in annual property damages, loss of lives, and disruption of economic activities (Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency [PEMA] 2013). The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) definition of flooding is “a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties from the overflow of inland or tidal waters or the rapid accumulation of runoff of surface waters from any source” (FEMA 2015a). Most floods fall into three categories: riverine, coastal, and shallow (FEMA 2015a). Other types of floods may include ice jam floods, flash floods, stormwater floods, alluvial fan floods, dam failure floods, and floods associated with local drainage or high groundwater (as indicated in the previous flood definition). For the purpose of this plan and as deemed appropriate by the Planning Team, riverine, flash, ice jam, and stormwater flooding are the main flood types of concern for Lancaster County. These types of floods are further discussed below. Riverine Floods Riverine floods are the most common flood type and occur along a channel.
    [Show full text]
  • Shad on the Susquehanna River
    American Shad Restoration and Passage on the Susquehanna River, USA American Shad Restoration and Passage on the Susquehanna River, USA Chris Frese (Kleinschmidt Associates, Strasburg PA, USA) Session 1 : Les actions du programme Life+ Alose / Results of the Allis shad project Today’s Objectives • Historic Overview of Susquehanna River American Shad • Recent Restoration Activities • Passage at Mainstem Hydropower Dams • American Shad Statistics • Near Term Improvements to Restoration • Long Term Restoration Concerns American Shad - A Lost Legacy in the Susquehanna River • American Shad were an important food source for Native Americans • Shad reached the Susquehanna River headwaters near Cooperstown New York; a 640 mile journey • First commercial fishing for Shad in PA established in 1750’s • Shad were abundant in the River prior to the installation of feeder dams for the PA canal system in 1830 Historic Overview - Dams, Pollution and Overfishing • Construction of Columbia Canal Feeder Dam in 1830’s blocked hundreds of miles of spawning habitat • Sizable shad fisheries developed in the River below Columbia Dam and at the head of Chesapeake Bay • In 1866, Pennsylvania Legislature passed a law directing persons or companies that owned dams on the Susquehanna River and certain tributaries to “make, maintain and keep a sluice, weir or other device for the free passage of fish and spawn, up and down the stream…” • This Act created the office of commissioner, appointed by the governor, to oversee and enforce the fish passage provision, the
    [Show full text]
  • Watershed 07J, Conestoga River
    9/2003 Watershed Restoration Action Strategy (WRAS) State Water Plan Subbasin 07J Conestoga River (Susquehanna River) Lancaster, Lebanon, and Berks Counties Introduction Subbasin 07J, which consists of the Conestoga River and its tributaries, drains 491 square miles of central Lancaster County and headwater areas in adjacent Lebanon and Berks Counties. Major tributaries are Cocalico Creek, 140 square miles, Little Conestoga Creek, 65.5 square miles, Mill Creek, 56.4 square miles, and Muddy Creek, 51.8 square miles. Cocalico Creek has two major tributaries, Middle Creek, 32.4 square miles and Hammer Creek, 53.2 square miles. The subbasin contains a total of 288 streams flowing for 644 miles. The subbasin is included in HUC Area 2050306, Lower Susquehanna River, a Category I, FY99/2000 Priority watershed. The Susquehanna River and its east shore unnamed tributaries from south of Washington Boro to the mouth of the Conestoga River are also included in this subbasin. The Susquehanna River is impounded in the subbasin behind the Safe Harbor Dam, which is owned and operated by Pennsylvania Power and Light Co. (PPL) as a hydroelectric station to generate electricity. Geology/Soils The entire basin is in the Northern Piedmont Ecoregion. The majority of the basin is in the Piedmont Limestone/Dolomite Lowlands (64d) Section. This terrain is nearly level to undulating and contains sinkholes, caverns and disappearing streams. The strata are highly folded and faulted. Numerous faults pass through the subbasin, especially in the middle portion around Lancaster and between Lititz and Ephrata. This portion of the subbasin has very fertile soils and is intensively farmed; virtually all the forest has been removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Effect of the Conowingo Dam and Reservoir on Bay Water Quality
    Understanding the Effect of the Conowingo Dam and Reservoir on Bay Water Quality Background The Susquehanna River has a major influence on Chesapeake Bay water quality. The Susquehanna watershed is 43% of the land area in Chesapeake Bay watershed and provides about 47% of the freshwater flow to the Bay. With respect to nutrients and sediments, the Susquehanna delivers to the Bay about 41% of the nitrogen, 25% of the phosphorus and 27% of the sediment. A large influencing factor in sediment and nutrient loads from the Susquehanna River watersheds to the Chesapeake Bay are the dams along the lower Susquehanna River, which historically have retained large quantities of sediment and associated nutrient in their reservoirs. The three major dams and their associated reservoirs along the lower Susquehanna River are the Safe Harbor Dam (Lake Clark), Holtwood Dam (Lake Aldred), and the Conowingo Dam (Conowingo Reservoir). Fig 1 – Lower Susquehanna Reservoirs. Holtwood Dam was constructed in 1910 and reached dynamic equilibrium at about 1920. Safe Harbor Dam was constructed in 1931 and reached dynamic equilibrium at about 1950. Conowingo Dam was constructed in 1928 and in 2012 was reported to be at or near dynamic equilibrium. Draft – For internal distribution only. Do Not Cite The two most upstream reservoirs, Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred, have no remaining sediment trapping capacity and have been in long-term equilibrium for 50 years or more. Long-term equilibrium was assumed for these two reservoirs in the 2010 Bay TMDL. The Conowingo Reservoir was assumed to some have long-term some trapping capacity remaining, but now current research has documented that that trapping capacity no longer remains.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix T. Sediments Behind the Susquehanna Dams Technical Documentation
    Appendix T – Chesapeake Bay TMDL Appendix T. Sediments behind the Susquehanna Dams Technical Documentation Assessment of the Susquehanna River Reservoir Trapping Capacity and the Potential Effect on the Chesapeake Bay Prepared for: United States Environmental Protection Agency Prepared by: Tetra Tech, Inc., 10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340, Fairfax, VA 22030 Introduction In developing the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), EPA must account for a vast array of dynamics that affect the loadings to the Chesapeake Bay and how to appropriately assign load allocations to each state. A large influencing factor in sediment and nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay are the dams along the lower Susquehanna River, which retain large quantities of sediment in their reservoirs. The three major dams along the lower Susquehanna River are the Safe Harbor Dam, Holtwood Dam, and the Conowingo Dam. This document looks at the dams’ effects on the pollutant loads to the Chesapeake Bay and how those loads will change when the dams no longer function to trap sediment. Sediment Trapping and Storage Capacity Annually, the reservoir system traps approximately 70 percent of the sediment passing through the system (Langland and Hainly 1997). The trapping capacity is the ability of a reservoir to continue storing sediment before reaching an equilibrium, after which the amount of sediment flowing into the reservoir equals the amount leaving the reservoir, and the stored volume of sediment is relatively static. The sediment storage capacity is the actual maximum amount of sediment that can be stored in a reservoir when it is at equilibrium. Safe Harbor Dam (Lake Clarke) and Holtwood Dam (Lake Aldred) Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred have no remaining sediment trapping capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Deposition in Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1910-93
    Sediment Deposition in Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1910-93 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4048 Prepared in cooperation with the PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BUREAU OF LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION Sediment Deposition in Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 191 0-93 By Lloyd A. Reed and Scott A. Hoffman U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4048 Prepared in cooperation with the PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BUREAU OF LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION Lemoyne, Pennsylvania 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBIT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For additional information Copies of this report may be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 840 Market Street Box 25286 Lemoyne, Pennsylvania 17043-1586 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286 ii CONTENTS Page Abstract .................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................. ............ ............... .......... .......................... 1 Purpose and scope...................................................................... 3 Approach ............ ..... .................. ..... ............................. .. ...... 3 Description of the Susquehanna River Basin ..................................................... 5 Sediment and nutrient transport
    [Show full text]