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Detection of Microcracks in Concrete Cured at Elevated Temperature

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Detection of Microcracks in Concrete Cured at Elevated Temperature DETECTION OF MICROCRACKS IN CONCRETE CURED AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE By VISHAL SANJAY SHAH A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2004 Copyright 2004 By Vishal Sanjay Shah The thesis is dedicated to my loving parents Sanjay and Rekha and to my best friends Reshma, Akshay, Piyush and Anushree for their unconditional support and caring throughout my academic endeavors. It is with the support and love of my family and friends that I am able to reach to my goals. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank all of the members of his supervisory committee for their help and ideas throughout this effort especially Dr. Abdol Chini, committee chair, for his advice, patience and dedication as my advisor and also for the financial support provided by him. The author would also like to express gratitude to Dr. Larry Muszynski and Dr. Andrew Boyd for their support and contribution as members of my advisory committee. Acknowledgements are also owed to Tanya Reidhammer for her help in explaining and conducting scanning electron microscopy. In addition, I would like to thank Richard DeLorenzo for his help in the experimental process. My thanks also go to everyone within M.E.Rinker Sr. School of Building Construction for their continued help during the last two years. The author would like to thank his friends at the University of Florida for their support and help they offered during the research and writing of this thesis. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1 Background...................................................................................................................1 Curing of Concrete .......................................................................................................2 Heat Generation in Mass Concrete...............................................................................3 Objective and Scope .....................................................................................................5 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................7 Overview of Sample Preparation Techniques ..............................................................8 Radiography and Acoustic Techniques.................................................................9 Replica Technique...............................................................................................10 Impregnation Techniques ....................................................................................10 Dye Impregnation Methods..........................................................................11 Epoxy Impregnation Techniques .................................................................11 Thin Samples................................................................................................13 Impregnation by Wood’s Metal ...................................................................14 High Pressure Epoxy Impregnation Technique ...........................................15 Comparison of Sample Preparation Techniques.........................................................16 Microscopic Instruments ............................................................................................18 Optical Microscope ......................................................................................18 Scanning Electron Microscope.....................................................................19 Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope .......................................21 Image Processing Techniques.....................................................................................23 Summary.....................................................................................................................24 v 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................25 Introduction.................................................................................................................25 Sample Selection ........................................................................................................25 Specimen Preparation Method....................................................................................27 Procedure for Sample Preparation..............................................................................28 Preparation for Image Processing...............................................................................32 Image Analysis ...........................................................................................................33 Summary.....................................................................................................................34 4. IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS ..................................................................35 Introduction.................................................................................................................35 Image Processing Technique ......................................................................................36 Sample 95B00P – Room Temperature Sample 1................................................37 Sample 95B00P – Room Temperature Sample 2................................................41 Sample 95B00P – High Temperature Sample 1..................................................45 Sample 95B00P – High Temperature Sample 2..................................................49 Comparative Analysis of Samples..............................................................................53 Summary.....................................................................................................................54 5 SUMMARY, RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................55 Summary.....................................................................................................................55 Results and Conclusion...............................................................................................57 Recommendations.......................................................................................................57 LIST OF REFERENCES...................................................................................................59 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................62 vi LIST OF TABLES Table page 3-1 Mix Design Data..........................................................................................................26 3-2 Adiabatic Temperature Rise Data................................................................................27 3-3 Mixing Schedule for Epoxy.........................................................................................30 4-1 Crack Quantification Analysis for Mix 95 B 00 P RT-1.............................................39 4-2 Comparison of Odd and Even Number Images...........................................................40 4-3 Crack Quantification Analysis for Mix 95 B 00 P RT-2.............................................43 4-4 Comparison of Odd and Even Number Images...........................................................44 4-5 Crack Quantification Analysis for Mix 95 B 00 P HT-1.............................................47 4-6 Comparison of Odd and Even Number Images...........................................................48 4-7 Crack Quantification Analysis for Mix 95 B 00 P HT-2.............................................51 4-8 Comparison of Odd and Even Number Images...........................................................52 4-9 Comparative Analysis of 95 B 00P RT1 and 95B00P RT2 ........................................53 4-10 Comparative Analysis of 95 B 00P HT1 and 95B00P HT2......................................53 5-1 Comparative Analysis of Samples...............................................................................57 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 Working of Scanning Electron Microscope ................................................................19 3-1 Diamond Wafer Saw ...................................................................................................29 3-2 Ultra Low Epoxy Kit by SPI .......................................................................................30 3-3 Metaserv Grinder and Polisher....................................................................................31 3-4 Polished Sample ..........................................................................................................31 3-5 Diamond Suspension Paste..........................................................................................32 3-6 Prepared Samples ........................................................................................................32 3-7 Specimen
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