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Alkali‑Silica Reaction in Geopolymer Concrete This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Alkali‑silica reaction in geopolymer concrete Lei, Jiawei 2020 Lei, J. (2020). Alkali‑silica reaction in geopolymer concrete. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146237 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/146237 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC 4.0). Downloaded on 05 Oct 2021 21:21:34 SGT ALKALI-SILICA REACTION IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE LEI JIAWEI SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020 ALKALI-SILICA REACTION IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE LEI JIAWEI School of Civil and Environmental Engineering A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor Declaration Statement I have reviewed the content and presentation style of this thesis and declare it is freeof plagiarism and of sufficientgrammatical clarity to be examined. To the best of my knowledge, the research and writing are those of the candidate except as acknowledged in the Author Attribution Statement. I confirm that the investigations were conducted in accord with the ethics policies and integrity standards ofNanyang Technological University and that the research data are presented honestly and without prejudice. “沙 .-？ ．． J如........ Date .I.1 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Yang En-Hua for his guidance, advice and encouragement throughout my four-year Ph.D. study. Being a man of trustworthiness and integrity was the first lesson I have learned since I joined the group. Through Prof. Yang’s guidance and the discussions with him, I can see my improvement on the critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which I value more than the knowledge I learned in the studied area. He encouraged every group member to learn from each other so that I was not limited in my Ph.D. research topics but had a chance to see more interesting ideas, which broadened my horizon and were also inspiring to my research. All of the above mentioned learning formed the foundation for my Ph.D. works. I would like to give my thanks to all the LiSt group members for their valuable suggestions and insightful discussions, especially to Dr. Chen Zhitao, Dr. Qiu Jishen and Dr. Li Junxia for their patient guidance on experiments and the selfless sharing of their experience. I would also like to thank Mr. Fu Jia Jun, Ms. Wang Wei Lin, Mr. See Zheng Hao, Mr. Law Wei Wee and Mr. Goh Han Sheng for helping me on the hand-on experiments. Special thanks to Mr. Ong Chee Yung, Mr. Tan Han Khiang, Mr. Jee Kim Tian, Mr. Chan Chiew Choon, Mr. Choi Siew Pheng, Mr. Li Fali, Ms. Maria Chong and Ms. Pearlyn See for their technical support and assistance in the lab. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my wife Wang Xin and my parents for always supporting me and always being there for me. I won’t be where I am today without their love and support. iv Table of Contents Statement of Originality ...............................................................................................i Supervisor Declaration Statement.............................................................................. ii Authorship Attribution Statement ............................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ v Summary ....................................................................................................................ix List of Tables .............................................................................................................. x List of Figures ............................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Research background ....................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Alkali-silica reaction in geopolymer concrete ........................................... 1 1.1.2 Synthesis geopolymer binder by utilizing local natural mineral resources 6 1.1.3 Summary .................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Research scope and objective ........................................................................... 7 1.3 Methodology .................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Roadmap ........................................................................................................ 10 1.5 Layout of the thesis ........................................................................................ 12 Chapter 2 Literature Review ..................................................................................... 14 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 14 2.2 An overview of alkali-silica reaction ............................................................. 14 2.2.1 Mechanism of alkali-silica reaction ......................................................... 14 2.2.2 Reactive aggregates ................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Effect of calcium on alkali-silica reaction ............................................... 19 2.2.4 Effect of aluminum on alkali-silica reaction ........................................... 22 2.2.5 Laboratory testing for evaluating ASR expansion in concrete ................ 23 v 2.3 An overview of alkali-activated binders ........................................................ 25 2.3.1 Alkali-activation of high-calcium system................................................ 26 2.3.2 Alkali-activation of low-calcium (geopolymer) system .......................... 28 2.3.3 Alkali-activated binder produced by natural mineral resources .............. 30 2.4 Alkali-silica reaction in geopolymer concrete ............................................... 32 Chapter 3 Pore Solution Chemistry and Alkali-silica Reaction Resistance of Low- Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer .................................................................................. 34 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 34 3.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Materials .................................................................................................. 34 3.2.2 Methods ................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Results and discussion .................................................................................... 38 3.3.1 Concrete prism test .................................................................................. 38 3.3.2 Pore solution chemistry of fly ash geopolymer ....................................... 40 3.3.3 Relation of the pore solution to ASR resistance of the fly ash geopolymer .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 51 Chapter 4 Effect of Pore Solution Alkalinity on ASR Expansion of Metakaolin Geopolymer Concrete ............................................................................................... 53 4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 53 4.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................... 53 4.2.1 Materials .................................................................................................. 53 4.2.2 Methods ................................................................................................... 54 4.3 Results ............................................................................................................ 58 4.3.1. Concrete prism test ................................................................................. 58 4.3.2. Analysis of geopolymer pore solution and pastes .................................. 60 4.3.3. Reaction of the pore solution with the aggregates .................................. 64 vi 4.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................... 68 4.4.1 Expansion of MK_1.5 geopolymer concrete prisms ............................... 68 4.4.2 Effect of pore solution alkalinity on ASR-induced expansion in geopolymer concrete......................................................................................... 69 4.4.3 The role of aluminum on the reaction of pore solution and aggregates .. 71 4.5 Summary ........................................................................................................ 73 Chapter 5 Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on ASR Expansion of Alkali-activated Slag Mortars .....................................................................................................................
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