Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Assessment
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Assessment for the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs March 2014 Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests United States Department of Assessment Agriculture Forest Service Southern Region March 12, 2014 Assessment for the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs March 2014 Assessment for the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs March 2014 Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Assessment Prepared for: The National Forests in North Carolina 160 Zillicoa Street, Suite A Asheville, NC 28805 and USDA Forest Service Southern Region 1720 Peachtree Road NW Atlanta, GA 30367 For further information contact: Kristen Bail Forest Supervisor National Forests in North Carolina 828-257-4200 ABSTRACT: The Assessment presents and evaluates existing information about relevant ecological, economic, and social conditions, trends, and sustainability and their relationship to the land management plan, within the context of the broader landscape. 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Assessment for the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs March 2014 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Land Status and Ownership, Use, and Access Patterns ................................................................................................................................... 11 Terrestrial Ecosystems, Aquatic Ecosystems, and Watersheds ....................................................................................................................... 20 Ecosystem Health Stressors & Disturbance ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 At-Risk Species in the Planning Area ................................................................................................................................................................ 56 Air, Soil, Water, and Geologic Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 60 Carbon Stocks ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Social, Cultural, and Economic Conditions ...................................................................................................................................................... 86 Benefits People Obtain from the NFS Plan Area .............................................................................................................................................. 94 Multiple Uses ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 98 Recreation Settings, Opportunities and Access (including infrastructure), and Scenic Character ........................................................... 115 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy and Mineral Resources .................................................................................................................... 136 The Transportation System .............................................................................................................................................................................. 144 Areas of Tribal Importance .............................................................................................................................................................................. 154 Cultural and Historic Resources and Uses ...................................................................................................................................................... 157 Designated Areas ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 180 References .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 197 Appendix A. List of Document Preparers ....................................................................................................................................................... 212 Appendix B. Supplemental Reports ................................................................................................................................................................. 213 Appendix C. Management Area Descriptions and Maps ............................................................................................................................... 214 ii Assessment for the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs March 2014 Figure 1. Assessment Area, Size, Amount of Forest Land and Amount of National Forest System Land (Miles 2012) ............................... vii Table 1. The Age of the Forests. Percent of NFS Forest Land and Percent of All Other Forest Land .............................................................. 2 Table 2. Racial Makeup of the Population ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2. National Forests in North Carolina Allocated Funds 1994-2013 ...................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Number of Employees of the National Forests in North Carolina .................................................................................................... 6 Table 3. Total and NFS acres for each county in the plan area; Percent of the county that is NFS land ........................................................ 11 Table 4. Nantahala National Forest Area Land Uses: Acres and Proportions by County ............................................................................... 13 Table 5. Pisgah National Forest Area Land Uses: Acres and Proportions by County ..................................................................................... 14 Figure 4. Linville Gorge Wilderness ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 5. Cradle of Forestry in America ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 6. Management Areas (MA) – 1987 Nantahala/Pisgah Land Management Plan (Approximate acres as of 1994 Amendment 5) ....... 17 Figure 4. A timber management area, post regeneration harvest ................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 5. Timber harvest and regeneration ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 Table 7. Land Added to Nantahala or Pisgah National Forest 1992 - 2012 .................................................................................................... 18 Figure 6. Catawba Falls, Grandfather RD ....................................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 8. Potential acres of each Ecological Zone ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 9. Known Sites of Rare Habitats ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 7. Boulderfield Forest. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 8. Vascular plant species richness within 11 ecozones on the Nantahala and Pisgah NFs .................................................................. 23 Figure 9. Spruce-Fir Ecological Zone. ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 10. Northern Hardwood Ecological Zone. ..........................................................................................................................................