Microcontrollers Apnote AP242401
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Calculation and Measurement of Bianisotropy in a Split Ring Resonator Metamaterial ͒ David R
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 100, 024507 ͑2006͒ Calculation and measurement of bianisotropy in a split ring resonator metamaterial ͒ David R. Smitha Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 and Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Jonah Gollub Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Jack J. Mock Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Willie J. Padilla Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K764, MST-10, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 David Schurig Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 ͑Received 2 June 2005; accepted 5 June 2006; published online 21 July 2006͒ A medium that exhibits artificial magnetism can be formed by assembling an array of split ring resonators ͑SRRs͒—planar conducting elements that exhibit a resonant response to electromagnetic radiation. The SRR exhibits a large magnetic dipole moment when excited by a magnetic field directed along its axis. However, the SRR also exhibits an electric response that can be quite large depending on the symmetry of the SRR and the orientation of the SRR with respect to the electric component of the field. So, while the SRR medium can be considered as having a predominantly magnetic response for certain orientations with respect to the incident wave, it is generally the case that the SRR exhibits magnetoelectric coupling, and hence a medium of SRRs arranged so as to break mirror symmetry about one of the axes will exhibit bianisotropy. -
Discrete Oscillator Design
Discrete Oscillator Design Linear, Nonlinear, Transient, and Noise Domains Randall W. Rhea ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON|LONDON artechhouse.com Contents Preface xv 1 Linear Techniques 1 1.1 Open-Loop Method 1 1.2 Starting Conditions 2 1.2.1 Match Requirements 3 1.2.2 Aligning the Maximum Phase Slope 10 1.2.3 Stable Amplifier 11 1.2.4 Gain Peak at Phase Zero Intersection 11 1.2.5 Moderate Gain 11 1.3 Random Resonator and Amplifier Combination 12 1.4 Naming Conventions 13 1.5 Amplifiers for Sustaining Stages 15 1.5.1 Bipolar Amplifier Configurations 15 1.5.2 Stabilizing Bipolar Amplifiers 19 1.5.3 Stabilized FET Amplifier Configurations 21 1.5.4 Basic Common Emitter Amplifier 23 1.5.5 Statistical Analysis of the Amplifier 25 1.5.6 Amplifier with Resistive Feedback 26 1.5.7 General-Purpose Resistive-Feedback Amplifier 29 1.5.8 Transformer-Feedback Amplifiers 33 1.5.9 Monolythic Microwave Integrated Circuit Amplifiers 34 1.5.10 Differential Amplifiers 35 1.5.11 Phase-Lead Compensation 37 1.5.12 Amplifier Summary 39 1.6 Resonators 40 1.6.1 R-C Phase Shift Network 40 1.6.2 Delay-Line Phase-Shift Network 41 1.6.3 L-C Parallel and Series Resonators 43 1.6.4 Loaded Q 45 1.6.5 Unloaded Q 46 1.6.6 Resonator Loss 47 1.6.7 Colpitts Resonator 49 1.6.8 Resonator Coupling 51 1.6.9 Matching with the Resonator 52 1.6.10 Measuring the Unloaded Q 55 1.6.11 Coupled Resonator Oscillator Example 56 vii viii Discrete Oscillator Design 1.6.12 Resonator Summary 56 1.7 One-Port Method 57 1.7.1 Negative-Resistance Oscillators 58 1.7.2 Negative-Conductance Oscillators 69 1.8 -
November/December 1999
About the Cover QEX (ISSN: 0886-8093) is published bimonthly Bill Sabin’s 100-W PA. in January ’99, March ’99, May ’99, July ’99, September ’99, and November ’99 by the See the article on p 31. A American Radio Relay League, 225 Main Street, Newington CT 06111-1494. Subscrip- tion rate for 6 issues to ARRL members is $22; nonmembers $34. Other rates are listed below. R R Periodicals postage paid at Hartford, CT and at additional mailing offices. L POSTMASTER: Form 3579 requested. Send address changes to: QEX, 225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111-1494 Issue No 197 Features David Sumner, K1ZZ Publisher Doug Smith, KF6DX 3 Technology and the Future of Amateur Radio Editor By QEX Editor Doug Smith, KF6DX Robert Schetgen, KU7G Managing Editor Lori Weinberg Assistant Editor 5 A Noise/Gain Analyzer By Harke Smits, PA0HRK Zack Lau, W1VT Contributing Editor Production Department Mark J. Wilson, K1RO 11 A Stable, Low-Noise Crystal Oscillator for Microwave Publications Manager and Millimeter-Wave Transverters Michelle Bloom, WB1ENT Production Supervisor By John Stephensen, KD6OZH Sue Fagan Graphic Design Supervisor David Pingree, N1NAS 18 Signal Sources Technical Illustrator By Bruce Pontius, N0ADL Joe Shea Production Assistant Advertising Information Contact: John Bee, NI6NV, Advertising Manager 31 A 100-W MOSFET HF Amplifier 860-594-0207 direct By William E. Sabin, W0IYH 860-594-0200 ARRL 860-594-0259 fax Circulation Department Debra Jahnke, Manager 41 A High-Performance Homebrew Transceiver: Part 3 Kathy Capodicasa, N1GZO, Deputy Manager Cathy Stepina, -
Ceramic Resonator (Ceralock®)
This is the PDF file of catalog No.P16E-9. P16E9.pdf 97.09.29 CERAMIC RESONATOR (CERALOCK®) CERAMIC RESONATOR (CERALOCK®) Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. This is the PDF file of catalog No.P16E-9. P16E9.pdf 97.09.29 cCONTENTS With Built-in Types Series Frequency Range Page Capacitors CSTCMMG K 2Mb3.5MHz 2 b 3 Chip 3 Terminals CSTCCMMG K 3.51Mb8.0MHz 2 b 3 CSTCSMMT MX K 8.0Mb60MHz 2 b 3 CSACMMGC MGCM e 1.8Mb6MHz 4 b 5 Chip 2 Terminals CSACSMMT MX e 6.01Mb60MHz 4 b 5 430kb500kHz 6 b 7 SMD, kHz range CSBFMJ e 700kb1250kHz 6 b 7 CSBMP E D J e 190kb1250kHz 8 b10 2 Terminals, leaded CSAMMK MG MTZ MXZ e 1.26Mb60MHz 8 b10 CSUMP K 450kb500kHz 11b12 3 Terminals, leaded CSTMMG MGW MTW MXW K 1.8Mb60MHz 11b12 Application Circuits ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13b15 ✽ Available in several standard frequencies cNOTICE aUnstable oscillation or oscillation stoppage might happen when CERALOCK® is used in improper way in conjunction with ICs. We are happy to evaluate the application circuit to avoid this for you. aOscillation frequency of our standard CERALOCK is adjusted with our standard measuring circuit. There could be slight shift is frequency if other types of IC are used. When you require exact oscillation frequency in your application, we can adjust it with your specified circuit. aPlease consult with us regarding ultrasonic cleaning conditions to avoid possible damage during ultrasonic cleaning. 1 This is the PDF file of catalog No.P16E-9. P16E9.pdf 97.09.29 CERAMIC RESONATOR (CERALOCK®) Chip Ceramic Resonator CSTC/CSTCC/CSTCS Series (CERALOCK®) Chip CERALOCKR with built-in load capacitance in an extremely small package. -
Internal Loss of Superconducting Resonators Induced by Interacting
Internal loss of superconducting resonators induced by interacting two level systems Lara Faoro1,2 and Lev B. Ioffe2 1 Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589, Universites Paris 6 et 7, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France and 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854 New Jersey, USA (Dated: August 6, 2018) In a number of recent experiments with microwave high quality superconducting coplanar waveg- uide (CPW) resonators an anomalously weak power dependence of the quality factor has been observed. We argue that this observation implies that the monochromatic radiation does not sat- urate the Two Level Systems (TLS) located at the interface oxide surfaces of the resonator and suggests the importance of their interactions. We estimate the microwave loss due to interacting TLS and show that the interactions between TLS lead to a drift of their energies that result in a much slower, logarithmic dependence of their absorption on the radiation power in agreement with the data. High quality superconducting CPW resonators are mentally [12, 14–16]. used in a number of diverse fields, ranging from as- The failure of the conventional theory of TLS to predict tronomical photon detection [1, 2] to circuit quantum the power dependence of the quality factor for the high electrodynamics [3–6]. In these applications, the CPW quality resonators is an indication of a serious gap in our resonator is operated in a regime of low temperature understanding of TLS in amorphous insulators. In this ( 10mk) and low excitation power (single photon). -
The Open Resonator
The Open Resonator Sven Arnoldsson Department of Mechanical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden 2002 Thesis submitted for completion of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on Structural Mechanics at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden. Abstract: In this work it has been shown experimentally that it is possible to create a high pressure with an open resonator in air. Pressure levels and their positions inside the resonator were studied and documented in order to describe the behaviour of the resonator. Parameters of particular interest are the resonant frequencies of the reflecting plates and their deflection shapes, which depends on their geometric form. Keywords: Non-linear acoustics, modal analysis, open resonator, resonance, Q-factor, even frequencies, conical reflector. Acknowledgements This work was carried out at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, under the supervision of Dr. Claes M. Hedberg. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Claes M. Hedberg for his scientific guidance and support throughout the work. Also I would like to thank my colleagues in the Master of Science programme and all the other members of the Department of Mechanical Engineering for valuable discussions and support. Karlskrona, 2002 Sven Arnoldsson Contents 1 Notation 4 2 Introduction 6 3 Theory 8 3.1 Dimension of an open resonator 14 4 Measurements 15 4.1 Test equipment 16 4.2 The open resonator with two flat plates 17 4.2.1 Tested the glass plates 19 4.2.2 The highest pressure in resonator with two flat plats. -
Tunable Trapped Mode in Symmetric Resonator Designed for Metamaterials
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 101, 115{123, 2010 TUNABLE TRAPPED MODE IN SYMMETRIC RESONATOR DESIGNED FOR METAMATERIALS A. Ourir, R. Abdeddaim, and J. de Rosny Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, UMR 7587 CNRS, Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique (LOA) 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Abstract|The excitation of an antisymmetric trapped mode on a symmetric metamaterial resonator is experimentally demonstrated. We use an active electronic device to break the electrical symmetry and therefore to generate this trapped mode on a symmetric spilt ring resonator. Even more, with such a tunable mode coupling resonator, we can precisely tune the resonant mode frequency. In this way, a shift of up to 15 percent is observed. 1. INTRODUCTION At the beginning of this century, left-handed metamaterials have attracted considerable interest of scientists working in the ¯eld of microwave technology [1{4]. Since then, planar metamaterials realized in microstrip technology have been demonstrated [5, 6]. A compact lefthanded coplanar waveguide (CPW) design based on complementary split ring resonators (SRRs) was proposed afterwards [7]. Due to their inherent magnetic resonance, SRRs can advantageously be employed in microwave ¯lter designs. They deliver a sharp cut-o® at the lower band edge which corresponds to their resonance frequency. Moreover, the SRRs can be tuned using varactor diodes. By this way, tracking ¯lters can be designed for multiband telecommunication systems, radiometers, and wide-band radar systems. Actually, these resonators can be tuned easily using varactor diodes [8]. Recently, a resonant response with a very high quality factor has been achieved in planar SRRs based metamaterials by introducing symmetry breaking in the shape of its structural elements [9, 10]. -
Quartz Resonator & Oscillator Tutorial
Rev. 8.5.3.6 Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators For Frequency Control and Timing Applications - A Tutorial January 2007 John R. Vig Consultant. Most of this Tutorial was prepared while the author was employed by the US Army Communications-Electronics Research, Development & Engineering Center Fort Monmouth, NJ, USA [email protected] Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited NOTICES Disclaimer The citation of trade names and names of manufacturers in this report is not to be construed as official Government endorsement or consent or approval of commercial products or services referenced herein. Table of Contents Preface………………………………..……………………….. v 1. Applications and Requirements………………………. 1 2. Quartz Crystal Oscillators………………………………. 2 3. Quartz Crystal Resonators……………………………… 3 4. Oscillator Stability………………………………………… 4 5. Quartz Material Properties……………………………... 5 6. Atomic Frequency Standards…………………………… 6 7. Oscillator Comparison and Specification…………….. 7 8. Time and Timekeeping…………………………………. 8 9. Related Devices and Applications……………………… 9 10. FCS Proceedings Ordering, Website, and Index………….. 10 iii Preface Why This Tutorial? “Everything should be made as simple as I was frequently asked for “hard-copies” of possible - but not simpler,” said Einstein. The the slides, so I started organizing, adding main goal of this “tutorial” is to assist with some text, and filling the gaps in the slide presenting the most frequently encountered collection. As the collection grew, I began concepts in frequency control and timing, as receiving favorable comments and requests simply as possible. for additional copies. Apparently, others, too, found this collection to be useful. Eventually, I I have often been called upon to brief assembled this document, the “Tutorial”. visitors, management, and potential users of precision oscillators, and have also been This is a work in progress. -
Tailoring Dielectric Resonator Geometries for Directional Scattering and Huygens’ Metasurfaces
Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces Salvatore Campione,1,2,* Lorena I. Basilio,2 Larry K. Warne,2 and Michael B. Sinclair2 1Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA 2Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA * [email protected] Abstract: In this paper we describe a methodology for tailoring the design of metamaterial dielectric resonators, which represent a promising path toward low-loss metamaterials at optical frequencies. We first describe a procedure to decompose the far field scattered by subwavelength resonators in terms of multipolar field components, providing explicit expressions for the multipolar far fields. We apply this formulation to confirm that an isolated high-permittivity dielectric cube resonator possesses frequency separated electric and magnetic dipole resonances, as well as a magnetic quadrupole resonance in close proximity to the electric dipole resonance. We then introduce multiple dielectric gaps to the resonator geometry in a manner suggested by perturbation theory, and demonstrate the ability to overlap the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, thereby enabling directional scattering by satisfying the first Kerker condition. We further demonstrate the ability to push the quadrupole resonance away from the degenerate dipole resonances to achieve local behavior. These properties are confirmed through the multipolar expansion and show that the use of geometries suggested by perturbation theory is a viable route to achieve purely dipole resonances for metamaterial applications such as wave-front manipulation with Huygens’ metasurfaces. Our results are fully scalable across any frequency bands where high-permittivity dielectric materials are available, including microwave, THz, and infrared frequencies. -
Characteristics of Two Types of Mems Resonator Structures in SOI Applications Silicon on Insulator RF CMOS Have Got a Lot Of
Characteristics of two types of mems resonator structures in SOI applications S. Myllymaki, E. Ristolainen, P. Heino, A. Lehto, K. Varjonen Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Electronics P.O.Box 692 FIN-33101 Tampere FINLAND Tel. +358 3 3115 11 (university switchboard) Fax. +358 3 3115 2620 [email protected] Silicon on insulator RF CMOS have got a lot of attention in the past. In the RF SOI technology the key factors are thickness of the silicon film and the thickness of the SO 2 insulator layer. The high mass resonator needs several micrometers of thickness and RF transistor needs about 100 nanometers of thickness. 100nm has selected to be maximum in this research. Picture 1. Resonator structure can have two chambers with electrically passivation area (seen on the top) One possible solution to produce low-mass resonators is circular mode resonator, which is attached to solid SOI structure in its edges and which circles´s center vibrates freely and vertically. This kind of resonator is produced by controlling the radius of the circle, which makes it feasible for quality controlled mass production. From the filter point of view the conducting method between resonators is important. The circular resonator can be placed partly on the top of other resonator so that resonator are conducted each other by mechanical forces. Conducting rods will became useless in circular resonators. Moreover, the circular resonator can be adjusted to film thickness of 10nm to 1um. More important thing is the thickness of SO insulator, because 2 it defines the gap between electrodes. -
Corel Ventura
R/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications. Ulrich L. Rohde, David P. Newkirk Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBNs: 0-471-29818-2 (Hardback); 0-471-22413-8 (Electronic) RF/MICROWAVE CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS RF/MICROWAVE CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS Ulrich L. Rohde Synergy Microwave Corporation David P. Newkirk Ansoft Corporation A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York ///// Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ @ WILEY.COM. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. -
Oscillator Design Guide for STM8AF/AL/S, STM32 Mcus and Mpus
AN2867 Application note Oscillator design guide for STM8AF/AL/S, STM32 MCUs and MPUs Introduction Many designers know oscillators based on Pierce-Gate topology (hereinafter referred to as Pierce oscillators), but not all of them really understand how they operate, and only a few master their design. In practice, limited attention is paid to the oscillator design, until it is found that it does not operate properly (usually when the product where it is embedded is already being produced). A crystal not working as intended results in project delays if not overall failure. The oscillator must get the proper amount of attention during the design phase, well before moving to manufacturing, to avoid the nightmare scenario of products being returned from the field. This application note introduces the Pierce oscillator basics and provides guidelines for the oscillator design. It also shows how to determine the different external components, and provides guidelines for correct PCB design and for selecting suitable crystals and external components. To speed-up the application development the recommended crystals (HSE and LSE) for the products listed in Table 1 are detailed in Section 5: Recommended resonators for STM32 MCUs/MPUs and Section 6: Recommended crystals for STM8AF/AL/S microcontrollers. Table 1. Applicable products Type Product categories STM8S Series, STM8AF Series and STM8AL Series Microcontrollers STM32 32-bit Arm® Cortex MCUs Microprocessors STM32 Arm® Cortex MPUs July 2021 AN2867 Rev 14 1/59 www.st.com 1 List of tables AN2867 List of tables 1 Quartz crystal properties and model . 6 2 Oscillator theory . 8 2.1 Negative resistance .