Andrew Womack Curriculum Vitae
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Ceramic's Influence on Chinese Bronze Development
Ceramic’s Influence on Chinese Bronze Development Behzad Bavarian and Lisa Reiner Dept. of MSEM College of Engineering and Computer Science September 2007 Photos on cover page Jue from late Shang period decorated with Painted clay gang with bird, fish and axe whorl and thunder patterns and taotie design from the Neolithic Yangshao creatures, H: 20.3 cm [34]. culture, H: 47 cm [14]. Flat-based jue from early Shang culture Pou vessel from late Shang period decorated decorated with taotie beasts. This vessel with taotie creatures and thunder patterns, H: is characteristic of the Erligang period, 24.5 cm [34]. H: 14 cm [34]. ii Table of Contents Abstract Approximate timeline 1 Introduction 2 Map of Chinese Provinces 3 Neolithic culture 4 Bronze Development 10 Clay Mold Production at Houma Foundry 15 Coins 16 Mining and Smelting at Tonglushan 18 China’s First Emperor 19 Conclusion 21 References 22 iii The transition from the Neolithic pottery making to the emergence of metalworking around 2000 BC held significant importance for the Chinese metal workers. Chinese techniques sharply contrasted with the Middle Eastern and European bronze development that relied on annealing, cold working and hammering. The bronze alloys were difficult to shape by hammering due to the alloy combination of the natural ores found in China. Furthermore, China had an abundance of clay and loess materials and the Chinese had spent the Neolithic period working with and mastering clay, to the point that it has been said that bronze casting was made possible only because the bronze makers had access to superior ceramic technology. -
Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia Were Not the Descendants of Yan Huang
E-Leader Brno 2019 Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia were not the Descendants of Yan Huang Soleilmavis Liu, Activist Peacepink, Yantai, Shandong, China Many Chinese people claimed that they are descendants of Yan Huang, while claiming that they are descendants of Hua Xia. (Yan refers to Yan Di, Huang refers to Huang Di and Xia refers to the Xia Dynasty). Are these true or false? We will find out from Shanhaijing ’s records and modern archaeological discoveries. Abstract Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas ) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Yan Di, Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, Di Jun and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of groups, but also the names of individuals, who were regarded by many groups as common male ancestors. These groups first lived in the Pamirs Plateau, soon gathered in the north of the Tibetan Plateau and west of the Qinghai Lake and learned from each other advanced sciences and technologies, later spread out to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. The Yan Di’s offspring spread out to the west of the Taklamakan Desert;The Huang Di’s offspring spread out to the north of the Chishui River, Tianshan Mountains and further northern and northeastern areas;The Di Jun’s and Shao Hao’s offspring spread out to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the Di Jun’s offspring lived in the west of the Shao Hao’s territories, which were near the sea or in the Shandong Peninsula.Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records. -
The Impacts of Climate Change on the Neolithic Cultures of Gansu-Qinghai Region During the Late Holocene Megathermal
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225224713 The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of Gansu-Qinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES · JUNE 2010 Impact Factor: 1.34 · DOI: 10.1007/s11442-010-0417-1 CITATIONS READS 12 31 6 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Hou Guangliang Qinghai Normal University 14 PUBLICATIONS 40 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Hou Guangliang Retrieved on: 02 December 2015 J. Geogr. Sci. 2010, 20(3): 417-430 DOI: 10.1007/s11442-010-0417-1 © 2010 Science China Press Springer-Verlag The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of Gansu-Qinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal LIU Fenggui1,2,3, ZHANG Yili3, FENG Zhaodong4, HOU Guangliang2, ZHOU Qiang2, ZHANG Haifeng2 1. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. School of Life and Geographic Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; 3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 4. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China Abstract: The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends. This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spa- tial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yang- shao Culture prosperity emerged. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 310 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019) Analysis of "Dance Patterns" on Painted Pottery of Majiayao Culture Lifu Wang Academy of Fine Arts Taizhou University Taizhou, China 225300 Abstract—The dance pattern pot of Majiayao culture should pattern of Majiayao type on painted pottery pays attention to be used for witchcraft activities. The dance patterns on the pot the expression of real life. The most impressive point is the are the true reflection of prehistoric witchcraft dance. A series of figure dance pattern, which makes people feel the wonderful painted pottery unearthed in the middle and upper reaches of mood of clan people dancing by the water spring" [2] 115. the Yellow River with figurative dancing figure pattern proves Second, it is the theory of collective harvest celebration. that the prehistoric human witchcraft dance in Majiayao period Taking Wang Kelin and Wang Zhen as representatives, they has been quite developed. Through physical research, we can hold that “there are five to eight arc lines among the three know that there were "god-man grain seed dances" for a good groups of dancing people. Between the opposite two groups of harvest and “reproductive dances” for praying for the arc lines, there is a broad-band oblique willow-leaf pattern, prosperity of tribal people and "disease-removing dances" for which symbolizes the stems and leaves of plants... It reflects eliminating diseases and disasters. the dances of women in Majiayao period who celebrated or 13-16 Keywords—symbol; Banshan; evocation by dancing; hoped for a bumper harvest in agriculture collectively" [3] . -
Of the Chinese Bronze
READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Ar chaeolo gy of the Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age is a synthesis of recent Chinese archaeological work on the second millennium BCE—the period Ch associated with China’s first dynasties and East Asia’s first “states.” With a inese focus on early China’s great metropolitan centers in the Central Plains Archaeology and their hinterlands, this work attempts to contextualize them within Br their wider zones of interaction from the Yangtze to the edge of the onze of the Chinese Bronze Age Mongolian steppe, and from the Yellow Sea to the Tibetan plateau and the Gansu corridor. Analyzing the complexity of early Chinese culture Ag From Erlitou to Anyang history, and the variety and development of its urban formations, e Roderick Campbell explores East Asia’s divergent developmental paths and re-examines its deep past to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of China’s Early Bronze Age. Campbell On the front cover: Zun in the shape of a water buffalo, Huadong Tomb 54 ( image courtesy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute for Archaeology). MONOGRAPH 79 COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age From Erlitou to Anyang Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press Monographs Contributions in Field Research and Current Issues in Archaeological Method and Theory Monograph 78 Monograph 77 Monograph 76 Visions of Tiwanaku Advances in Titicaca Basin The Dead Tell Tales Alexei Vranich and Charles Archaeology–2 María Cecilia Lozada and Stanish (eds.) Alexei Vranich and Abigail R. -
Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Archaeological Sites In
HOL0010.1177/0959683616641743The HoloceneHosner et al. 641743research-article2016 Research paper The Holocene 2016, Vol. 26(10) 1576 –1593 Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav archaeological sites in China during the DOI: 10.1177/0959683616641743 Neolithic and Bronze Age: An overview hol.sagepub.com Dominic Hosner,1 Mayke Wagner,1 Pavel E Tarasov,2 Xiaocheng Chen1 and Christian Leipe1,2 Abstract A total of 51,074 archaeological sites from the early Neolithic to the early Iron Age (c. 8000–500 BC), with a spatial extent covering most regions of China (c. 73–131°E and c. 20–53°N), were analysed over space and time in this study. Site maps of 25 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, published in the series ‘Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics’, were used to extract, digitalise and correlate its archaeological data. The data were, in turn, entered into a database using a self-developed mapping software that makes the data, in a dynamic way, analysable as a contribution to various scientific questions, such as population growth and migrations, spread of agriculture and changes in subsistence strategies. The results clearly show asynchronous patterns of changes between the northern and southern parts of China (i.e. north and south of the Yangtze River, respectively) but also within these macro-regions. In the northern part of China (i.e. along the Yellow River and its tributaries and in the Xiliao River basin), the first noticeable increase in the concentration of Neolithic sites occurred between c. 5000 and 4000 BC; however, highest site concentrations were reached between c. -
Chapter 1 Chinese Archaeology: Past, Present
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Excerpt More information CHAPTER 1 CHINESE ARCHAEOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE The archaeological materials recovered from the Anyang excavations . in the period between 1928 and 1937 ...havelaidanewfoundation for the study of ancient China. (Li, C. 1977:ix) When inscribed oracle bones and enormous material remains were found through scientific excavation in Anyang in 1928, the historicity of the Shang dynasty was confirmed beyond dispute for the first time (Li, C. 1977: ix–xi). This excavation thus marked the beginning of a modern Chinese archaeology endowed with great potential to reveal much of China’s ancient history. Half a century later, Chinese archaeology had made many unprecedented discoveries that surprised the world, leading Glyn Daniel to believe that “a new awareness of the importance of China will be a key development in archaeology in the decades ahead” (Daniel 1981: 211). This enthusiasm was soon shared by the Chinese archaeologists when Su Bingqi announced that “the Golden Age of Chinese archaeology is arriving” (Su, B. 1994: 139–40). In recent decades, archaeology has continuously prospered, becoming one of the most rapidly developing fields of social science in China. As suggested by Bruce Trigger (Trigger 1984), three basic types of archae- ology are practiced worldwide: nationalist, colonialist, and imperialist. China’s archaeology clearly falls into the first category. Archaeology in China is defined as a discipline within the study of history that deals with material remains of the past and aims to reveal the laws of historical evolution, based on histor- ical materialism (Xia and Wang 1986: 1–3). -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-64310-8 - Cambridge World Archaeology: The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age Li Liu and Xingcan Chen Frontmatter More information THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF CHINA This book explores the roles of agricultural development and advanc- ing social complexity in the processes of state formation in China. Over a period of about 10,000 years, it follows evolutionary trajectories of society from the last Paleolithic hunting-gathering groups, through Neolithic farming villages, and on to the Bronze Age Shang dynasty in the latter half of the second millennium BC. Li Liu and Xingcan Chen demonstrate that sociopolitical evolution was multicentric and shaped by interpolity factionalism and competition, as well as by the many material technologies introduced from other parts of the world. The book illustrates how ancient Chinese societies were transformed during this period from simple to complex, tribal to urban, and preliterate to literate. Li Liu is Sir Robert Ho Tung Professor in Chinese Archaeology in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Stanford University. She is the author of two books, The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States and (with Xingcan Chen) State Formation in Early China,aswell as more than seventy journal articles in both English and Chinese. Xingcan Chen is Senior Fellow and Deputy Director of the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences as well as Professor in the Department of Archaeology, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including The History of Chinese Prehistoric Archaeology (1895– 1949), Essays on Archaeology, and (with Li Liu) State Formation in Early China. -
Ancient China from the Neolithic Period to the Han Dynasty
Ancient China From the Neolithic Period to the Han Dynasty Asian Art Museum Education Department Ancient China: From the Neolithic Period to the Han Dynasty Packet written and illustrated by Brian Hogarth, Director of Education, Asian Art Museum with generous assistance from: Pearl Kim, School Programs Coordinator, Asian Art Museum Michael Knight, Curator, Chinese Art, Asian Art Museum He Li, Associate Curator of Chinese Art, Asian Art Museum John Stuckey, Librarian, Asian Art Museum Lisa Pollman, Graduate Student, University of San Francisco Whitney Watanabe, Graduate Student, University of Washington Deb Clearwaters, Adult Programs Coordinator,Asian Art Museum Rose Roberto, Education Programs Assistant, Asian Art Museum Portions of this packet are based on lectures by Michael Knight and Pat Berger at the Asian Art Museum, and particularly the writings of K.C. Chang, Tom Chase, Wu Hung, He Li, Robert Murowchick and Jessica Rawson. (For a complete list of sources, see bibliography) Photographs of Asian Art Museum objects by Kaz Tsuruta and Brian Hogarth Archaeological photos courtesy of: Academia Sinica, Republic of China China Pictorial Service, Beijing, PRC Cultural Relics Bureau, Beijing, PRC Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, PRC Hamilton Photography, Seattle, WA Asian Art Museum, February 20, 1999 Contents Introduction: Studying Ancient China Historical Overview: Neolithic Period to Han Dynasty Archaeology and the Study of Ancient China Ceramics, Jades and Bronzes: Production and Design Three Tomb Excavations Importance of Rites Slide Descriptions Timeline Bibliography Student Activities ANCIENT CHINA Introduction–Studying Ancient China This teacher’s packet accompanies a school tour program of the same name. The tour program emphasizes ancient Chinese ceramics, bronzes and jades in the collections of the Asian Art Museum from the Neolithic period (ca. -
Turquoise Ornaments and Inlay Technology in Ancient China 209
Turquoise Ornaments and Inlay Technolo y in Ancient China QiN XiAoli introduction Inlays are small fragments of material embedded in objects made of different media. The purpose of inlay is to enhance the beauty of objects by adding color and texture. Archaeological researchers in China have documented the earliest use of in lays to the Middle Neolithic period (c. 3300 b.c.). During that era, the most common material used for inlay was bone, while turquoise was rare. Turquoise inlay became popular starting in the late Neolithic period (c. 2500 b.c.). Turquoise inlays are more interesting and attractive than bone inlays, and they continued to play an important decorative role through the Erlitou Culture period (c. 1900–1600 b.c.) around the Yellow River region. During the transition from the Neolithic to the Early Bron e Age, a number of social changes and technological innovations took hold in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The use of bron e and turquoise inlays is an example of signifcant technological developments that relate to major social change in the area. Turquoise inlay was often used in objects related to ritual activities or symbols of power. How ever, understanding turquoise inlay technology requires analysis beyond that of the inlays themselves. it is important to examine all relevant components, including the composition and origin of raw turquoise materials, the nature of adhesives used to affx the turquoise, and the various materials (i.e., bone, stone, wood, leather) of which the main objects were made. Turquoise is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum. -
Archaeology of Asia
BLACKWELL STUDIES IN GLOBAL ARCHAEOLOGY archaeology of asia Edited by Miriam T. Stark Archaeology of Asia BLACKWELL STUDIES IN GLOBAL ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editors: Lynn Meskell and Rosemary A. Joyce Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology is a series of contemporary texts, each care- fully designed to meet the needs of archaeology instructors and students seeking volumes that treat key regional and thematic areas of archaeological study. Each volume in the series, compiled by its own editor, includes 12–15 newly commis- sioned articles by top scholars within the volume’s thematic, regional, or temporal area of focus. What sets the Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology apart from other available texts is that their approach is accessible, yet does not sacrifice theoretical sophistication. The series editors are committed to the idea that usable teaching texts need not lack ambition. To the contrary, the Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology aim to immerse readers in fundamental archaeological ideas and concepts, but also to illu- minate more advanced concepts, thereby exposing readers to some of the most exciting contemporary developments in the field. Inasmuch, these volumes are designed not only as classic texts, but as guides to the vital and exciting nature of archaeology as a discipline. 1. Mesoamerican Archaeology: Theory and Practice Edited by Julia A. Hendon and Rosemary A. Joyce 2. Andean Archaeology Edited by Helaine Silverman 3. African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction Edited by Ann Brower Stahl 4. Archaeologies of the Middle East: Critical Perspectives Edited by Susan Pollock and Reinhard Bernbeck 5. North American Archaeology Edited by Timothy R. Pauketat and Diana DiPaolo Loren 6. -
1 Before the Dawn of History
1 BEFORE THE DAWN OF HISTORY To admirers of Chinese art, the three decades that followed strength, not as a luxury but as something essential to the the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949 were a vitality of their culture. time of bewilderment and frustration as they watched the Nor have the old legends been forgotten. One of these Chinese apparently repudiating, and even at times destroy- legends concerns the origins of the world.1 In far-off times, ing, their cultural heritage. For years, as China carried out it runs, the universe was an enormous egg. One day the egg its gigantic social and political revolution, its doors were split open; its upper half became the sky, its lower half the shut to almost all but the most uncritical admirers. While earth, and from it emerged Pan Gu, primordial man. Every the lot of the masses improved beyond belief, art and the day he grew ten feet taller, the sky ten feet higher, the earth artist suffered, particularly during the ten terrible years ten feet thicker. After eighteen thousand years Pan Gu died. from the Cultural Revolution to the death of Mao Zedong His head split and became the sun and moon, while his in 1976. blood filled the rivers and seas. His hair became the forests Yet even at the worst of times, while artists and scholars and meadows, his perspiration the rain, his breath the were imprisoned or sent down to farm and factory, the wind, his voice the thunder—and his fleas our ancestors.