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Political Families in the Commonwealth Parliament

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Political Families in the Commonwealth Parliament RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2015–16 UPDATED 9 NOVEMBER 2015 Parliamentary relations: political families in the Commonwealth Parliament Hannah Gobbett and Martin Lumb Politics and Public Administration Section This paper is an update of Martin Lumb’s Parliamentary relations: political families in the Commonwealth Parliament that was previously published on 31 October 2012, and includes data from the 44th Parliament. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 3 Members of the 44th Parliament ................................................................. 4 Former Parliamentarians ............................................................................. 4 Relatives of Prime Ministers in Parliament ................................................... 5 Federal political families .............................................................................. 7 Appendix 1: Relatives of Premiers in Parliament .......................................... 13 New South Wales ............................................................................................. 13 Queensland ....................................................................................................... 13 Western Australia ............................................................................................. 13 Tasmania........................................................................................................... 14 South Australia ................................................................................................. 14 Victoria ............................................................................................................. 14 ISSN 2203-5249 Abbreviations ALP Australian Labor Party ANTI-SOC Anti-Socialist Party AUS Katter’s Australian Party Centre Centre Party CP Country Party CN Country National Party FLP Federal Labor Party FSU Farmers and Settlers Union FT Free Trade G(WA) Greens (Western Australia) IND Independent IND LAB Independent Labor IND PROT Independent Protectionist IND UAP Independent United Australia Party LANG LAB Lang Labor Party LIB Liberal Party of Australia LCL Liberal Country League LNP Liberal National Party MHR Member of the Commonwealth House of Representatives NAT Nationalist Party NCP National Country Party NDP Nuclear Disarmament Party NP The Nationals NPA National Party of Australia PROT Protectionist Party UAP United Australia Party Note: all hyperlinks have been accessed as of 30 September 2015. Parliamentary relations: political families in the Commonwealth Parliament 2 Introduction Although political families are sometimes viewed pejoratively as ‘dynasties’ perhaps, as political scientist Professor John Warhurst proposes, there is ‘a political gene that not only attracts members of the same family to politics but gives them the personal attributes to succeed’.1 In 1986 political historian Joan Rydon observed that most members of political families have been active in their parties well before their election and suggested that family background may have led to membership of those parties at an early age.2 Since Federation there have been a number of political families in the Commonwealth Parliament. The first parliament included eight sons of state parliamentarians, and seven members who had brothers in state parliaments. On 30 occasions since 1901 a son has succeeded his father into parliament and on two occasions a daughter has succeeded her father. Of these, 14 were Labor Party families and 17 non-Labor. In the other cases there was a significant shift in party allegiance: James Guy (Senator, Tas., 1914–20; ALP) was succeeded by his son, Allan Guy. Allan was initially elected as the Labor member for Bass but, in 1931, joined Joseph Lyons, James Fenton and two other Labor members in forming the United Australia Party. He subsequently became a Liberal Senator for Tasmania. In one unusual case, a father succeeded his son in Parliament: Francis Matthew John Baker (MHR, Oxley; 1931–34; Griffith, 1934–39; FLP) died in office, the result of a motor accident. Eighteen months later, his father Francis Patrick Baker (MHR, Maranoa, 1940–43; ALP) was elected. In two cases, there have been three successive generations in the Commonwealth Parliament: the Anthonys: Hubert Lawrence (MHR, Richmond, 1937–57; CP), John Douglas (MHR, Richmond, 1957–84; CP; NCP; NPA) and Lawrence James (MHR, Richmond, 1996–2004; NPA; NP); and the Downers: Sir John William (Senator, SA, 1901– 03; PROT), Alexander Russell (MHR, Angas, 1949–64; LIB) and Alexander John Gosse (MHR, Mayo, 1984–2008; LIB). Dame Enid Lyons (MHR, Darwin, 1943–51; UAP; LIB) and Doris Blackburn (MHR, Bourke, 1946–49; IND LAB), the first two women elected to the House of Representatives, were the widows of previous members. This Research paper documents: – those members of the 44th Parliament who have relatives who have served in parliaments, – Prime Ministers’ relatives who have served in Parliament, – a complete list of all federal Members of Parliament who have had relatives who have also served in Parliament, and – State premiers who have had relatives in Commonwealth Parliament. This information has been compiled by the Parliamentary Library using data from the Parliamentary Handbook3 and other biographical sources. Appendix 1 lists federal Parliamentarians with relatives who were, at one stage or another, state premiers. 1. J Warhurst, ‘Dangers in politics being dominated by dynasties’, The Canberra Times, 9 August 2012, p. 15. 2. J Rydon, A federal legislature: the Australian Commonwealth Parliament 1901–80, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1986, p. 121. 3. Parliamentary Library, Parliamentary handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia, 44th Parliament, Parliamentary Library, Canberra, 2014. Parliamentary relations: political families in the Commonwealth Parliament 3 Members of the 44th Parliament In 2015 at least 12 members of the Parliament have, or have had, a relative in federal or state parliament: – Eric Abetz (Senate, Tas., 1994–; LIB) is the brother of Peter Abetz (WA MLA, Southern River, 2008–; LIB). – David Bushby (Senate, Tas., 2008–; LIB) is the son of Maxwell Bushby (Tas. MHA, Bass, 1961–86; LIB). – Michaelia Cash (Senator, WA, 2008–; LIB) is the daughter of George Cash (WA MLA, Mount Lawley, 1984– 89; WA MLC, North Metropolitan, 1989–2009; LIB) and the granddaughter of Doug Cash (MHR, Stirling, 1958–61; WA MLA, Mirrabooka, 1968–71; LIB). – Laurie Ferguson (MHR, Reid and Werriwa, 1990–; ALP) is the brother of Martin Ferguson (MHR, Batman, 1996–2013; ALP); they are the sons of Laurie (Jack) Ferguson (NSW MLA, Merrylands and Fairfield, 1959– 62, 1968–84; 1962–68; ALP). – Joel Fitzgibbon (MHR, Hunter, 1996–; ALP) is the son of Eric Fitzgibbon (MHR, Hunter, 1984–96; ALP). – Gary Gray (MHR, Brand, 2007–; ALP) is the son-in-law of Peter Walsh (Senator, WA, 1974–93; ALP). – Sarah Henderson (MHR, Corangamite, 2013–; LIB) is the daughter of Ann Henderson (Vic. MLA, Geelong, 1992–99; LIB). – Gregory Hunt (MHR, Flinders, 2001–; LIB) is the son of Alan Hunt (Vic. MLC, South Eastern, 1961–92; LIB). – Bob (Robert Carl) Katter (MHR, Kennedy, 1993–; NPA; IND; AUS) is the son of Robert Cummin Katter (MHR, Kennedy, 1966–90; CP; NCP; NPA), and the father of Rob (Robert Ignatius) Katter (Qld MLA, Mount Isa, 2012–; AUS). – Jane Prentice (MHR, Ryan, 2010–; LIB) is the great granddaughter of Sir George Pearce (Senator, WA, 1901–38; ALP, NAT, UAP). – Philip Ruddock (MHR, Parramatta, Dundas and Berowra, 1973–; LIB) is the son of Maxwell Ruddock (NSW MLA, The Hills, 1962–76; LIB). – Dan Tehan (MHR, Wannon, 2010–; LIB) is the son of Marie Tehan (Vic. MLC, Central Highlands, 1987–92 and Vic MLA, Seymour, 1992–99; LIB). This was the first time a mother and son were elected to Australian parliaments. – Malcolm Turnbull (MHR, Wentworth, 2004–; LIB) is the son-in-law of Thomas Hughes (MHR, Parkes and Berowra, 1963–1972; LIB). Former Parliamentarians Elaine Darling (MHR, Lilley, 1980–93; ALP) is the mother of Vicky Darling (Qld MLA, Sandgate, 2006–12; ALP). This was the first time a mother and daughter were elected to Australian parliaments. Parliamentary relations: political families in the Commonwealth Parliament 4 Relatives of Prime Ministers in Parliament Four Prime Ministers have followed relatives into the political profession: Sir Robert Menzies’ father James was a Victorian state politician, Malcolm Fraser’s grandfather Simon was a federal Senator, Bob Hawke’s uncle Albert was a member of the South Australian and Western Australian parliaments, as well as Premier of WA, and Malcolm Turnbull’s father-in-law Thomas Hughes was a federal Member of the House of Representatives. Relatives of three Prime Ministers have later followed their relatives into politics: Dame Enid, Brendan and Kevin Lyons entered politics after the death of husband and father (and then Prime Minister) Joseph Lyons; Sir Earle Page’s grandson, Donald, was a long-standing member of the NSW Parliament; and Antony Whitlam entered parliament during his father’s (Gough Whitlam’s) last term in the House of Representatives. Prime Ministers are denoted with blue shading. # PM Surname First names Division/State Dates Party Relationship Joseph Wilmot (Tas.) 1929–39 ALP; UAP 4 Joseph was Dame Enid Darwin (Tas.) 1943–51 UAP; LIB the husband 10 Brendan Tas. MHA: Hobart, 1982–86 LIB of Enid and Lyons Aloysius Tasmania father of 1932–39 Brendan and Kevin Orchard Tas. MHA: Darwin 1948–72 LIB/Centre Kevin (Braddon) Sir
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