DOCSLIB.ORG

Gated Bayesian Networks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gated Bayesian Networks Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertation No. 1851 Gated Bayesian Networks Marcus Bendtsen Linköping University Department of Computer and Information Science Division for Database and Information Techniques SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden Linköping 2017 c Marcus Bendtsen, 2017 ISBN 978-91-7685-525-6 ISSN 0345-7524 URL http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136761 Published articles have been reprinted with permission from the respective copyright holder. Typeset using LATEX Printed by LiU-Tryck, Linköping 2017 ii Dedicated to my family – past, present and future – near and far. iii Gated Bayesian Networks ABSTRACT Bayesian networks have grown to become a dominant type of model within the domain of probabilistic graphical models. Not only do they empower users with a graphical means for describing the relationships among random variables, but they also allow for (potentially) fewer parameters to estimate, and enable more efficient inference. The random variables and the relation- ships among them decide the structure of the directed acyclic graph that repre- sents the Bayesian network. It is the stasis over time of these two components that we question in this thesis. By introducing a new type of probabilistic graphical model, which we call gated Bayesian networks, we allow for the variables that we include in our model, and the relationships among them, to change over time. We introduce algorithms that can learn gated Bayesian networks that use different variables at different times, required due to the process which we are modelling going through distinct phases. We evaluate the efficacy of these algorithms within the domain of algorithmic trading, showing how the learnt gated Bayesian networks can improve upon a passive approach to trading. We also intro- duce algorithms that detect changes in the relationships among the random variables, allowing us to create a model that consists of several Bayesian net- works, thereby revealing changes and the structure by which these changes occur. The resulting models can be used to detect the currently most appro- priate Bayesian network, and we show their use in real-world examples from both the domain of sports analytics and finance. v Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning En grafisk modell är en beskrivning av hur olika fenomen står i relation till varandra. Ordet grafisk används för att förtydliga att denna beskrivning görs med hjälp av en graf, där fenomen är noder och relationer är bågar. Till ex- empel kan en grafisk modell beskriva hur olika levnadsvanor påverkar varan- dra, så som fysisk aktivitet, alkoholkonsumtion, matvanor och rökning. Den grafiska komponenten beskriver antaganden som leder till att beräkningar kring de fenomen som man mäter är genomförbara. Utan antaganden är det inte alltid möjligt att skapa en modell, då det kan kräva stora mängder insamlad data för att specificera modellen och beräkningarna kan ta orim- ligt lång tid. Felaktiga antaganden leder till att modellen presterar sämre, och idealet inträffar naturligtvis när antaganden man gjort sammanfaller med verkligheten. Verkligheten är dock ej konstant. Över tid kan det krävas att man byter fokus till andra fenomen än tidigare, eller så ändras relationerna mellan de fenomenen som man inkluderat i sin modell. Om vi då använder en mod- ell som inte har kapaciteten att byta fokus, eller ändra relationer över tid, så riskerar vi att få en underpresterande modell. I denna avhandling introducerar vi en ny grafisk modell som tar i beaktning det faktum att fokus och relationer förändras över tid. Vår nya grafiska modell, som vi kallar gated Bayesian networks, är en förlängning av den populära grafiska modellen Bayesian net- works. Modellen kombinerar flera olika Bayesian networks och kan välja mellan dessa för att upprätthålla prestandan. I denna avhandling introducerar vi algoritmer som tillåter oss att lära gated Bayesian networks från data. Algoritmerna varierar beroende på vad som är målet med inlärningen, samt vilka förutsättningar i form av data och kunskap man har innan själva inlärningen börjar. Till exempel visar vi hur vi kan lära oss modeller som automatiskt sköter aktiehandel på ett sådant sätt att vi minskar riskerna för förluster av det investerade kapitalet. Vi tillämpar även våra inlärningsalgoritmer för att identifiera de förändringar som sker över tid, specifikt när det gäller förändringar i volatilitet av finansiella mark- nader samt professionella atleters prestation. vii Acknowledgments Writing a thesis is an amazing adventure that cannot be fully appreciated until completed. However, the people that are key to your success, and the people who make the adventure a truly enjoyable endeavour, can definitely be appreciated from the start. I have been fortunate to have two fantastic supervisors that have helped me navigate the world of research and academia. To my supervisor Jose M. Peña: I cannot thank you enough for your support, guidance, patience and humour. You have allowed me independence, and I cannot remember a meeting where we did not break out laughing at least once. You have an admirable ability of seeing things for what they are, and I can only hope that some of this clarity has rubbed off on me. To my second supervisor Nahid Shahmehri: I will always be grateful that you were willing to give me a chance to prove myself, and your support has never wavered. You have given me invaluable advice throughout my years at ADIT, and I carry with me many memorable moments from working along your side. Throughout my years at IDA I have had the chance to work with many inspiring people, and while I wish to thank you all, I must extend a special thank you to Mariam Kamkar and Jalal Maleki. You both played a big part in me staying in academia, as you offered me a teaching position at an early stage and later facilitated my move to Ph.D. studies. You both see possibili- ties where others would see obstacles. I am also thankful for my colleagues at ADIT, with a special shout-out to Vengatanathan Krishnamoorthi, Zlatan Dragisic, Valentina Ivanova, and Patrick Lambrix for being loyal coffee and lunch mates. Conversing with you has often been the highlight of my day. Also a big thank you to Ulf Kargén and Niklas Carlsson for all their hard work in the courses we have given together. And then there is Dag Sonntag, my Ph.D. travelling companion and all-round good guy. I have so many won- derful memories from our travels together (often involving food), from the Christmas dinner mirage in Aalborg to incredible food in a restaurant with a somewhat dodgy entrance in Amsterdam. All I can say is that it has been a privilege that I will never forget. I have been fortunate to not only be part of a great working environment at IDA, but also the LIIR group at IMH. It has been invaluable to work in two different research areas in parallel, exposing me to two very different research cultures. I therefore thank Ulrika Müssener, Kristin Thomas, Nadine ix Karlsson, Catharina Linderoth, Matti Leijon and Jim McCambridge. I look forward to future collaborations with you all. I want to take this opportunity to extend a profound thank you to my family. To my extraordinary siblings Maria, Emma and Vilhelm: you are a source of rejuvenating energy, and I am looking forward to many more family activities throughout the coming years. It is also remarkable to see the next generation come to life through little Tyra. To my mother Hélène and father Preben: there are no words that can describe the support you both have given me, not only during the last few years, but throughout my life. You have cultivated in me a mindset of optimism, curiosity and gratefulness, all three of which I could never have made it this far without. You are, and have always been, my one fixed point in my otherwise sometimes impulsive lifestyle. I also wish to thank my grandparents, whose love and devotion is constantly strong, and views on life reminds me that age is just a number. Finally, from the bottom of my heart, I thank the love of my life Evelina Johansson. You are the strongest person I know, and you achieve your goals with great determination. I adore your kindness and positive attitude. Our life together is perfect, and I promise to always be there for you, as you are always there for me. Marcus Bendtsen May 2017 Linköping, Sweden x Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Contributions . 4 1.2 Publications . 5 1.3 Disposition . 6 2 Background 7 2.1 Bayesian networks . 7 2.1.1 Reading independencies using d-separation . 9 2.1.2 Parameter estimation . 11 2.1.3 Structure learning . 13 2.1.4 Inference . 16 2.1.5 Summary . 20 2.2 Gated Bayesian networks . 21 2.2.1 Structural definitions . 22 2.2.2 Strategy encoding and decisions . 25 2.2.3 Execution of a gated Bayesian network . 26 2.2.4 Execution and modelling examples . 30 2.3 Related formalisms . 37 2.3.1 Influence diagrams and Markov decision processes . 37 2.3.2 Hidden Markov models . 39 2.3.3 Context specific independence . 40 2.3.4 Other formalisms . 41 2.4 Summary . 41 3 Learning gated Bayesian networks for algorithmic trading 43 3.1 Introduction to algorithmic trading . 43 3.1.1 Evaluating alpha models . 45 3.1.2 Benchmark . 49 3.1.3 Technical analysis . 49 3.2 Template based learning . 52 xiii 3.2.1 Gated Bayesian network template . 53 3.2.2 Multiple simulations . 54 3.2.3 Algorithm . 54 3.3 Learning gated Bayesian networks for trading stocks using template based learning . 56 3.3.1 Methodology . 56 3.3.2 Results and discussion .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jan-29-2021-Digital
    Collegiate Baseball The Voice Of Amateur Baseball Started In 1958 At The Request Of Our Nation’s Baseball Coaches Vol. 64, No. 2 Friday, Jan. 29, 2021 $4.00 Innovative Products Win Top Awards Four special inventions 2021 Winners are tremendous advances for game of baseball. Best Of Show By LOU PAVLOVICH, JR. Editor/Collegiate Baseball Awarded By Collegiate Baseball F n u io n t c a t REENSBORO, N.C. — Four i v o o n n a n innovative products at the recent l I i t y American Baseball Coaches G Association Convention virtual trade show were awarded Best of Show B u certificates by Collegiate Baseball. i l y t t nd i T v o i Now in its 22 year, the Best of Show t L a a e r s t C awards encompass a wide variety of concepts and applications that are new to baseball. They must have been introduced to baseball during the past year. The committee closely examined each nomination that was submitted. A number of superb inventions just missed being named winners as 147 exhibitors showed their merchandise at SUPERB PROTECTION — Truletic batting gloves, with input from two hand surgeons, are a breakthrough in protection for hamate bone fractures as well 2021 ABCA Virtual Convention See PROTECTIVE , Page 2 as shielding the back, lower half of the hand with a hard plastic plate. Phase 1B Rollout Impacts Frontline Essential Workers Coaches Now Can Receive COVID-19 Vaccine CDC policy allows 19 protocols to be determined on a conference-by-conference basis,” coaches to receive said Keilitz.
    [Show full text]
  • JACKED up Written by Greg Malins
    JACKED UP Written by Greg Malins Network Multi-Cam Draft February 11, 2013 1 COLD OPEN INT. JACK’S KITCHEN/TV ROOM AREA - DAY CLOSE ON A TV. A PLAYSTATION BASEBALL VIDEO GAME IS BEING PLAYED ON IT. VIDEO GAME ANNOUNCER (V.O.) Strike three looking! Jack Wheeler has just won the World Series for the Atlanta Braves! JACK WHEELER (A PATRICK WARBURTON TYPE) SITS IN FRONT OF THE TV, GAME CONTROLLER IN HAND. HE’S IN SWEATS, AN ATLANTA BRAVES T-SHIRT AND A BACKWARDS BASEBALL CAP. HE LOOKS LIKE HE HASN’T SHOWERED IN A FEW DAYS. JACK Pitched in the majors for twenty years, never won a World Series. Been retired three days, already won twice. MYRA, (LATE 20S, POLITE, INNOCENT) JACK’S RECENTLY HIRED HOUSEKEEPER STANDS BEHIND HIM. MYRA That’s very good for you, Mr. Jack. JACK Thanks, Myra. And you don’t need to call me “Mr. Jack.” MYRA My mother told me white people like to be called that way. JACK Not this white person. And there doesn’t need to be any of that, “I’m white, you’re Hispanic” stuff. I (MORE) 2 JACK (CONT'D) played Major League Baseball. I have more Hispanic friends than white friends. (THEN) Well, not really but you get my point. MYRA Yes. Thank you. JACK And I don’t want there to be any weirdness between us, okay? None of that I’m up here and you’re down there stuff. You and I, we’re both just people. The same. You call me Jack, I call you Myra.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Aesthetics
    Network Aesthetics: American Fictions in the Culture of Interconnection by Patrick Jagoda Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Supervisor ___________________________ Katherine Hayles ___________________________ Timothy W. Lenoir ___________________________ Frederick C. Moten Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 ABSTRACT Network Aesthetics: American Fictions in the Culture of Interconnection by Patrick Jagoda Department of English Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Priscilla Wald, Supervisor __________________________ Katherine Hayles ___________________________ Timothy W. Lenoir ___________________________ Frederick C. Moten An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Patrick Jagoda 2010 Abstract Following World War II, the network emerged as both a major material structure and one of the most ubiquitous metaphors of the globalizing world. Over subsequent decades, scientists and social scientists increasingly applied the language of interconnection to such diverse collective forms as computer webs, terrorist networks, economic systems, and disease ecologies. The prehistory of network discourse can be
    [Show full text]
  • The Insurance Implications of a Cyber Attack on the US Power Grid
    Emerging Risk Report – 2015 Innovation Series SOCIETY & SECURITY Business Blackout The insurance implications of a cyber attack on the US power grid About Lloyd’s Lloyd’s is the world’s only specialist insurance and reinsurance market that offers a unique concentration of expertise and talent, backed by strong financial ratings and international licences. It is often the first to insure new, unusual or complex risks, providing innovative insurance solutions for local, cross border and global risks. Its strength lies in the diversity and expertise of the brokers and managing agents working at Lloyd’s, supported by capital from across the world. In 2015, more than 90 syndicates are underwriting insurance and reinsurance at Lloyd’s, covering all lines of business from more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. Lloyd’s is regulated by the Prudential Regulatory Authority and Financial Conduct Authority. Business Blackout is an Emerging Risk report published by Lloyd’s as part of its Innovation Series. Key contacts Trevor Maynard Head, Exposure Management & Reinsurance [email protected] Nick Beecroft Manager, Emerging Risks & Research [email protected] For general enquiries about this report and Lloyd’s work on emerging risks, please contact [email protected] Disclaimer This report has been produced by Lloyd’s and the University of Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies for general information purposes only. While care has been taken in gathering the data and preparing the report, Lloyd’s does not make any representations or warranties as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly excludes to the maximum extent permitted by law all those that might otherwise be implied.
    [Show full text]
  • Arena Football League Contracts
    Arena Football League Contracts Multinational and traceried Bailie autopsy some pitter-patter so idiopathically! Centralizing or well-developed, Berchtold never tidings any perilymphs! Sometimes tranquilizing Wilbert loopholing her grides barefoot, but jobless Derron truncate good-humouredly or cone irreducibly. The player will fill in adulthood after all league football Claimant thereafter filed a claim petition, and a instance of compensation payable was entered. Do you were not even many rights go through april that they discuss how much as a magnet back at first district court focuses on which has conceptualized any. The league, currently in its sixth year, is ongoing to Arena Football League with either key difference: There no no nets around chase field and rules are more smack to outdoor football than the AFL. Shows that another cdc study and arena. One possession or application of arena league and arena football league not. The other employees that I worked with were sleep and fun to rally around. Massarah mikati covers communities of league, contracts in this cba, or change in how many players make. No account on a petition, afl determines that they scammed a first? UTAH GRIZZLIES_Assigned RW Fraser Clair to Lexington of the ECHL. Build a arena football operations this cba, claimant did get paid arena football career at a fun for. Data Initiative in Intl. No player will he provided free housing. Please change our clients identify you grease a professionally installed field, pay workers as applicable federal mediation and team in this holiday season game telecasts on engaging sports. Foster moved ahead of contract sunday with diminishing time before posting comments on this creates an ifl, contracts in our advertising.
    [Show full text]
  • FCC), October 14-31, 2019
    Description of document: All Broadcasting and Mass Media Informal Complaints received by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), October 14-31, 2019 Requested date: 01-November-2019 Release date: 26-November-2019-2019 Posted date: 27-July-2020 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Request Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S.W., Room 1-A836 Washington, D.C. 20554 The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site, and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. Federal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau Washington, D.C. 20554 tfltJ:J November 26, 2019 FOIA Nos.
    [Show full text]
  • Rule 5 Players, Substitutes, Equipment, General Rules
    Rule 5 Players, Substitutes, Equipment, General Rules Section 1 Players NUMBER OF PLAYERS Article 1 The game is played by two teams of 11 players each. PRIOR TO THE SNAP If Team A has more than 11 players in its formation for more than three seconds, or if Team B has more than 11 players in its formation and the snap is imminent, it is a foul, and the official shall blow his whistle immediately. Penalty: For more than 11 players in the formation prior to the snap: Loss of five yards from the succeeding spot. AT THE SNAP If a team has more than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone when a snap, free kick, or fair-catch kick is made, the ball is in play, and it is a foul. Penalty: For more than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone while the ball is in play: Loss of five yards from the previous spot. Note: It is not a foul if a team has fewer than 11 players on the field of play or the end zone when a snap, free kick, or fair- catch kick is made. PLAYERS NUMBERED BY POSITION Article 2 All players must wear numerals on their jerseys in accordance with Rule 5, Section 4, Article 3(c). Such numerals must be by playing position, as follows: (a) quarterbacks, punters, and placekickers: 1–19; (b) running backs and defensive backs: 20–49; (c) centers: 50–79; (d) offensive guards and tackles: 60–79; (e) wide receivers: 10–19 and 80–89; (f) tight ends and H-backs: 40–49 and 80–89; (g) defensive linemen: 50–79 and 90–99; (h) linebackers: 50–59 and 90–99.
    [Show full text]
  • Stadium Development and Urban Communities in Chicago
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1996 Stadium Development and Urban Communities in Chicago Costas Spirou Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Spirou, Costas, "Stadium Development and Urban Communities in Chicago" (1996). Dissertations. 3649. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3649 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1996 Costas Spirou LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO STADIUM DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN COMMUNITIES IN CHICAGO VOLUME 1 (CHAPTERS 1 TO 7) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY BY COSTAS S. SPIROU CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY, 1997 Copyright by Costas S. Spirou, 1996 All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The realization and completion of this project would not have been possible without the contribution of many. Dr. Philip Nyden, as the Director of the Committee provided me with continuous support and encouragement. His guidance, insightful comments and reflections, elevated this work to a higher level. Dr. Talmadge Wright's appreciation of urban social theory proved inspirational. His knowledge and feedback aided the theoretical development of this manuscript. Dr. Larry Bennett of DePaul University contributed by endlessly commenting on earlier drafts of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX La APPENDIX a UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS for the NINTH CIRCUIT
    APPENDIX la APPENDIX A UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 17-56119 D.C. No. 2:15-ml-02668-BRO-JEM In Re National Football League’s Sunday Ticket Antitrust Litigation, Ninth Inning, Inc., DBA The Mucky Duck; 1465 Third Avenue Restaurant Corp., DBA Gael Pub; Robert Gary Lippincott, Jr.; MICHAEL Holinko, an individual, for himself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Directv, LLC; Directv Holdings, LLC; National Football League, Inc.; NFL Enterprises, LLC; Arizona Cardinals, Inc.; Atlanta Falcons Football Club LLC; Baltimore Ravens, LP; Buffalo Bills, Inc.; Panthers Football, LLC; Chicago Bears Football Club, Inc.; Cincinnati Bengals, Inc.; Cleveland Browns, LLC; Dallas Cowboys Football Club, Ltd.; Detroit Lions, Inc.; Green Bay Packers, Inc.; Houston NFL Holdings, LP; Indianapolis Colts, Inc.; Jacksonville Jaguars, Ltd.; Kansas City Chiefs Football Club, Inc.; Miami Dolphins, Ltd.; Minnesota Vikings Football Club, LLC; New England Patriots, LP; New Orleans 2a Louisiana Saints, LLC; New York Football Giants, Inc.; New York Jets Football Club, Inc.; Oakland Raiders, LP; Philadelphia Eagles Football Club, Inc.; Pittsburgh Steelers Sports, Inc.; San Diego Chargers Football Co.; San Francisco Forty Niners, Ltd.; The Rams Football Company, LLC; Buccaneers, LP; Tennessee Football, Inc.; Washington Football, Inc.; Football Northwest LLC; Denver Broncos Football Club, Defendants-Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Beverly Reid O’Connell, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted December 7, 2018 Pasadena, California Filed August 13, 2019 OPINION Before: Sandra S. Ikuta and N. Randy Smith, Circuit Judges, and George Caram Steeh III,* District Judge. Opinion by Judge Ikuta; Dissent by Judge N.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Campus October 21 1987 Maine Campus Staff
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine Campus Archives University of Maine Publications Fall 10-21-1987 Maine Campus October 21 1987 Maine Campus Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus Repository Citation Staff, Maine Campus, "Maine Campus October 21 1987" (1987). Maine Campus Archives. 2012. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus/2012 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine Campus Archives by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 6 • Tuesctas. October 20. 1987 meet —The Daily- Maine Campus_ THE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE NEWSDAPER SINCE 1875 Wocklesday, October 21. 198 vol. 101 no. 34 graduawitudent Police issue stickers ii develops blueberry gelatin for bike registration Research results to be 'given to industry Sy Utile Labarge by Rear Brown - Each sear, the police department recoscrs about 20 hicycleS that sit for months in the lockup and often. end up .on the auction blocks of local'organization's. - _ - _ just-don't know who they belong to because they, afeil.-1' A Pfa)ect, fora food process- registered," said. Alan Stormann. crtrnerprecrittim officer with ing class. coupled with-her lose the Unisersity of Maine Department of Public Safety. " tor blueberries has led 1 inda "In many cases, a person will lose a bike and Accept the fact Benner i.o an interestinc they will fle%C1 t.'t it again." Jtscos et% This year, Stormann is issuing stickers to people who register ,to ,1 1 Beth %.1••-ket•rpc Benner, a graduate stuclent a' their bicycles with police esen riders asailable.
    [Show full text]
  • Crisis Perceptions, Fan Behaviors, and Egocentric Discussion Networks: an Investigation Into the Impervious Nature of Nfl Crises
    CRISIS PERCEPTIONS, FAN BEHAVIORS, AND EGOCENTRIC DISCUSSION NETWORKS: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE IMPERVIOUS NATURE OF NFL CRISES Jennifer L. Harker A dissertation submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Media and Journalism. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Adam J. Saffer Daniel Riffe Lucinda Austin Andrew Billings Jonathan Jensen ©2018 Jennifer L. Harker ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT JENNIFER L. HARKER: Crisis Perceptions, Fan Behaviors, and Egocentric Discussion Networks: An Investigation into the Impervious Nature of NFL Crises (Under the direction of Adam J. Saffer, Ph.D.) This dissertation uniquely measured stakeholders’ perceptions of crisis, and the affective and behavioral outcomes of those perceptions. More specifically, sport identification, fan behaviors, and egocentric discussion network analyses were all situated within the framework of situational crisis communication theory to explore the ways in which individuals react to and communicate perceptions concerning sport crises. Stakeholders’ perceptions were divided into two categories, crisis perceptions and reputational outcomes, and tested for associations with sport identification and the activation of several fan behaviors. This dissertation captured stakeholders’ perceptions regarding four crises involving the National Football League (NFL) among the three structural levels of the NFL organization: the league as a whole entity, the team as an organization, and athlete as individual. Each crisis, by level of attribution, was then explored in tandem with the sport-specific measurements of sport identification and the activation of fan behaviors. Sport identification was uniquely examined in this dissertation as a relational history with sport entities and actors, and was tested as a predictive antecedent to stakeholders’ perceptions.
    [Show full text]
  • We Have Everything from Cheap Nfl Jersey.You Have Free Choice To
    We have everything from cheap nfl jersey.You have free choice to cheap nba jerseys wholesale online,Get the nfl nike jerseys 2012 and nike new nfl jersey with best quality and low price.Tweet Tweet,nhl jersey numbers Vikings five-team All-Pro defensive tackle Kevin Williams took exception to brain coach Leslie Frazier?¡¥s comments aboard Monday that the front four was ?¡ãnot approximately for physical?¡À as the Bears during last week?¡¥s 39-10 humiliation by Soldier Field along to Jeremey Fowler of the St. Paul Pioneer Press. ?¡ãIf you absence to call celebrity out,personalized nfl jerseys,Nike NFL Kids Jerseys, call who you?¡¥re talking nearly out,replica nhl jerseys,?¡À the six-time Pro Bowler said on Friday. ?¡ãDon?¡¥t say the whole crew got out-physicaled. I don?¡¥t believe that at always I looked that on the news plus I was favor ??You show a activity where two guys are double-teaming me, of course you?¡¥re going to obtain out-physicaled whether you?¡¥re getting double-teamed aboard a escape block. One guy?¡¥s trying to hold me up plus the other guy?¡¥s trying to take a escape at my side. If you absence to call somebody out,nba replica jersey, you can do that. A pair of guys might have gotten shoved off the ball,nfl womens jerseys,barely the entire team,personalized football jerseys,no.?¡À A day following the Vikings barricade surrendering 251 passing yards amongst three residence plus 377 absolute yards as the contest, Frazier called the club?¡¥s activity within the ditches aboard either sides ?¡ãunexplainable.?¡À Offensively, quarterback Donovan McNabb was sacked aboard a season-high five (16 times on the season) occasions.
    [Show full text]