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Open Science Developments in Japan and Its Challenges —Towards Sustainable OS Infrastructure

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Open Science Developments in Japan and Its Challenges —Towards Sustainable OS Infrastructure Open Science Developments in Japan and its challenges —Towards sustainable OS infrastructure NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATICS • MIHO FUNAMORI International College Open Science Committee, France September 13, 2019 Today’s Talk 1. Open Science policy developments in Japan 2. Introduction to NII and its Services 3. Engaging the Academia in Japan with RDM 4. Impact of Plan S on Japan and non‐Plan S countries 5. PROPOSAL: Future of Open Access Publishing 1 Open Science policy １ developments in Japan OA policy developments for publication 3 How it started: “Serials Crisis” Journal subscription cost rising faster than the inflation speed Four times higher in 2011 than 1986 Source: ARL Statistics 2010‐11 Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C. *Includes electronic resources from 1999‐2011. 4 http://www.arl.org/storage/documents/monograph-serial-costs.pdf The situation in Japan Japan’s Yen steadily strengthening! (1980-90’) Cancelled almost all of the cost increase of subscription! Introduction of “Big Deal” which increased the number of serials at universities. (2000’-) Big Deal: Commercial publishers selling online subscriptions to large bundles of electronic journals at a discount price. ⇒ Almost no serials crisis. ⇒ Awareness for OA very low. 5 Journal price mostly affected by currency rate and consumption tax rise. $-YEN Consumption Exchange tax rise! Rate 100mil YEN Hopefully, 390 YEN is strong 190 at point of 370 contract! 170 350 150 UK ￡ 330 130 Euro € 310 110 US ＄ 90 290 70 270 E-Journal Subscription cost in Yen 50 250 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6 Japanese universities slowly feeling the pain of journal subscription cost Publisher A Publisher B Publisher C 260 260 260 250 253 250 250 247 240 244 240 240 243 241 238 230 230 230 234 232 230 220 225 224 220 220 225 210 210 210 200 200 200 190 190 190 180 180 180 170 170 175 174 174 170 170 170 160 160 160 160 150 150 150 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Provided by Japan Alliance of University Library Consortia for E‐Resources : JUSTICE 7 Japan’s Governmental OA policies (1) 1. Deployment and enrichment of institutional repositories In gradual deployment since 2003. Stated in the 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan (FY2011-fy2015)! 2. JST adopting OA policy. (2013) Allowing both green and gold OA. 3. A new funding scheme to publish an OA journal by JSPS. (2013) 8 Japan’s Governmental OA policies (2) 4. A platform to make Japanese scholarly journals OA available created by JST (J-STAGE) 5. OA mandate for PhD theses. (2013) 6. JSPS OA policy. (2017-) ⇒ Not distinguishing green or gold OA. ⇒ Enlarging OA contents is the main target! 9 Number of OA policies adopted WORLD: - 1000 institutions JAPAN - 27 institutions (as whole) - 15 institutions (on Roarmap) (as of 2019.9) We have more than 700 universities! This is too small! Source: Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP) 10 http://roarmap.eprints.org/ Japan, the No. 1 country by the number of institutional repositories 900 808 800 754 52 700 808 IRs 681 598 600 ■ by JAIRO Cloud: Pilot Operation ■ by JAIRO Cloud: Production Operation 526 by University On‐premise System 498 504 500 ■ 396 431 288 210 400 357 130 73 300 260 228 193 200 144 316 310 101 284 301 285 228 260 256 252 100 58 193 144 101 2 10 58 0 2 10 2005.3 2006.3 2007.3 2008.3 2009.3 2010.3 2011.3 2012.3 2013.3 2014.3 2015.3 2016.3 2017.3 2018.3 2018.4 11 Japanese IRs contributing to preserving gray literature Contents within IRs (total: 2.06 mil) Goal achieved 紀要論⽂ 学術雑誌論文 学位論⽂ 研究報告書 1. Less research articles 一般雑誌記事 University データ・データベース → Not much contributing Bulletins テクニカルレポート 会議発表論文 to green OA PhD thesis 図書 Research 会議発表用資料 Articles 教材 2. Many university プレプリント ソフトウェア bulletin papers その他 NII_IRDBコンテンツ分析 2017.10 http://irdb.nii.ac.jp/analysis/index.php → Contributing to preservation and We need more circulation of gray research articles for green OA! literature 12 Japan at OA crossroads? OA in Japan has been promoted by policymakers and the library community without the awareness of general academia. Japanese OA policies rather in favor for green OA but not restricting. However, with OA2020 and Plan S, the world seems to be shifting strongly to gold OA. As the academia is starting to feel the pain, it is a good time to start discussion on OA. However, the OA landscape is complex and most university administration don’t take the time to understand! 13 OS policy developments for research data 14 Policy Trends on RDM and Open Science in Japan June 2013: A joint statement by the G8 Science Ministers on making research data open March 2015: Cabinet Office, "Promoting Open Science in Japan“ January 2016: "The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan" February 2016: Council for Science and Technology, "Promoting Open Access to Academic Information" July 2016: Science Council of Japan (SCJ), "Recommendations Concerning an Approach to Open Science that Will Contributes to Open Innovation" June 2018: Headquarters for Japan's Economic Revitalization, "Growth Strategy 2018 ‐ Reform towards Society 5.0 and Data‐driven Society" June 2018: Cabinet Office, "Integrated Innovation Strategy" “Data infrastructure for Open Science” as one of three keys to make Japan an innovative country. 15 Open Science Report from Japanese Cabinet Office (2015) http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/sonota/openscience/150330_openscience_summary_en.pdf 16 Framework of the Open Science in Japan http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/sonota/openscience/150330_openscience_summary_en.pdf 17 Data Management Plan (DMP) required by funding agencies Japan Science and Technology Data Agency (JST) Gene- ration FY 2016- Data Data DMP after grant awarded Process- Reuse ing Japan Agency for Medical Data Research and Development Lifecycle FY 2017- Asking about “data scientist” at Data Data Sharing Analysis grant proposal Data New Energy and Industrial Preser- vation Technology Development 大学図書館が、 Organization (NEDO) 研究者にDMPの 作成方法を助言 FY 2017- しているよ！ Funds also industries 18 Guideline for drafting “Data Policy” at National Research and Development Agency Items to be defined in the data policy 1. Institutional Aim for drafting the policy 2. Definition and Conditions of research data 3. Preservation/Management/Implementation/ Security policies 4. Metadata, Persistent identifiers, 5. Ownership and Intellectual Property Rights 6. Open/Close, Embargo, Citation policies （出典）内閣府「国立研究開発法人におけるデータポリシー策定のためのガイドライン」（2018） 19 http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/stsonota/datapolicy/datapolicy.html Society 5.0 …Vision in Basic Act on S&T (2016-20) Society 1.0: Hunter-gatherer Society Society 2.0: Agrarian Society Society 3.0: Industry Society Society 4.0: Information Society Society 5.0 No name? - Data-linked society? - Data-intensive society? Japan, “Realizing Society 5.0” 20 https://www.japan.go.jp/abenomics/_userdata/abenomics/pdf/society_5.0.pdf In reality, the major driving force for RDM is scientific misconduct prevention MEXT: “Guideline for Dealing with Scientific Misconduct” (2014) 「研究活動における不正行為への対応等に関するガイドライン」 Strengthening the guideline in 2006. Holds institutions to be responsible for research transparency and preventing scientific misconduct. Science Council of Japan: “Reply: For the Enhancement of Soundness of Scientific Research” (2015) 日本学術会議「（回答）科学研究における健全性の向上について」 “Ten‐Years Preservation Rule for Research Data” 研究データ10年保存ルール 21 Japanese academic institutions having data preservation policies (FY2014 survey) Does your institution have an data preservation policy? The data policies tend to follow MEXT and SCJ NO YES Guidelines. FY2014 Survey Public institutions tend to have a data policy rather than private institutions. Institutions larger in size tend to have a data policy rather than small institutions. 22 Implementation of data preservation at Japanese universities Introducing university‐wide “Research materials preservation policy.” Cascading of responsibilities: University holds departments, Departments holds Labs, Labs holds researchers responsible for data preservation. No long‐term storage, no infrastructural support 23 Reporting of evidence‐data for research articles at Japanese universities Research office sends out Excel spread sheet to researchers to have them report evidence‐ data. Only single row to report, No direct link to data Data difficult to find. Research Data Preservation List (研究データ保管管理簿) 保管管理者： Name 関連No. 発表テーマ・タイトル 発表会議名等 発表日 保存期間 データ破棄予定日 データの保管場所等 保存する研究データ等 データ破棄日 備考 No. Title of Research Article Conf.Name Date Prsv. Perio Data delete planned Storage place Preserving data Data deleted dateOther 5年 5年 5年 Source: Kyushu Institute of Technology, “Policy for the Prevention of Research Misconduct” 2014 24 https://db.jimu.kyutech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/cbdb/db.cgi?Page=DBRecord&did=206&rid=236 Open Science in Japan still at its infancy OS in Japan in mainly driven by policymakers and infrastructural work by NII. The term OS is becoming familiar but most people do not understand what it means. Strong emphasis on research data preservation to prevent scientific misconduct. In this case, data does not need to be open. Need to merge these two issues and direct RDM in Japan for positive purpose. 25 Introduction to NII 2 and its Services History of NII • Pre-history as Research Center for Library and Information Science (RCLIS, 1976-) and Center for Bibliographic Information (1983) as centers within the University of Tokyo. • Founded in 1986 as National Center for Science
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