DOCSLIB.ORG

Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Propylene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Propylene CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO PROPYLENE GLYCOL: SYNTHESIS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ______________________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri- Columbia ______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________ by CHUANG-WEI CHIU Dr. Galen J. Suppes, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2006 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO PROPYLENE GLYCOL: SYNTHESIS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Presented by Chuang-Wei Chiu a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. ___________________________________ Dr. Galen J. Suppes ___________________________________ Dr. Thomas R. Marrero ___________________________________ Dr. Eric J. Doskocil ___________________________________ Dr. Qingsong Yu ___________________________________ Dr. Fu-hung Hsieh ___________________________________ Dr. Leon G. Schumacher ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude and respect to my advisor, Dr. Galen J. Suppes, for his unfailing assistance, guidance and patience; which made it possible for me to complete this research project. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to other members of his dissertation committee Drs. Thomas R. Marrero, Eric J. Doskocil, Qingsong Yu, Fu-hung Hsieh, and Leon G. Schumacher for their valuable suggestions and critical reviews of the dissertation. Appreciation is extended to Drs. Rusty Sutterlin and Mohanprasad Dasari for provided me the guidance of an experienced researcher throughout my experimental work. I would like to thank the research team for their constant help and support. I also thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Chemical Engineering for their friendship during my academic years. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for their understanding patience and many sacrifices throughout this work. Their endless support and love gave me the courage to carry out my dream. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................X LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................XIII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 1 1.1 Glycerol By-product from Biodiesel Production .............................................. 1 1.2 New Use of Glycerol....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Applications of Propylene Glycol .................................................................... 3 1.4 Improved Process for Converting Glycerol to Propylene Glycol ..................... 4 1.5 Research Objectives ...................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL CATALYST FROM SIMULATED BIODIESEL’S CRUDE GLYCEROL FOR GLYCEROL HYDROGENOLYSIS TO PROPYLENE GLYCOL ....................................................................................... 9 2.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Introduction................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Hydrogenolysis Catalysts .......................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Phosphate Crystallization and Precipitation............................................... 13 2.3 Experimental Section.................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Materials.................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Experimental Procedures .......................................................................... 16 2.3.3 Analytical Methods .................................................................................... 17 2.4 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 18 iii 2.4.1 Reaction Profiles of Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Propylene Glycol ........ 18 2.4.2 Effect of Residual Salts on Glycerol Hydrogenolysis ................................. 19 2.4.3 Removal of Phosphate in Batch Reactors ................................................. 20 2.4.3.1 Effect of Filtrate pH................................................................................. 20 2.4.3.2 Effect of Lime Addition............................................................................ 21 2.4.4 Removal of Phosphate by a Packed-Column Method ............................... 22 2.4.4.1 Effect of Residence Time........................................................................ 22 2.4.4.2 Effect of Column Temperature................................................................ 22 2.4.5 Efficiency Factor Comparison.................................................................... 24 2.5 Conclusions.................................................................................................. 25 2.6 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................ 26 CHAPTER 3 DEHYDRATION OF GLYCEROL TO ACETOL VIA CATALYTIC REACTIVE DISTILLATION................................................................................ 35 3.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................ 36 3.2 Introduction................................................................................................... 37 3.3 Experimental Section.................................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Materials.................................................................................................... 39 3.3.2 Experimental Setup ................................................................................... 40 3.3.2.1 Batch Reactive Distillation ...................................................................... 40 3.3.2.2 Semi-batch Reactive Distillation ............................................................. 40 3.3.3 Analytical Methods .................................................................................... 41 3.4 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 42 3.4.1 Catalyst Screening and Selection.............................................................. 42 iv 3.4.2 Batch versus Semi-batch Processing ........................................................ 43 3.4.3 Effect of Glycerol Feed Flow Rate ............................................................. 44 3.4.4 Effect of Catalyst Loading.......................................................................... 45 3.4.5 Effect of Initial Water Content .................................................................... 46 3.4.6 Catalyst Stability—Ability to Reuse Catalyst.............................................. 46 3.5 Conclusions.................................................................................................. 47 3.6 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4 LOW-PRESSURE VAPOR-PHASE PACKED BED REACTOR FOR PRODUCING PROPYLENE GLYCOL FROM GLYCEROL...................... 58 4.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................ 58 4.2 Introduction................................................................................................... 59 4.2.1 Hydrogenolysis Catalysts .......................................................................... 60 4.2.2 Reaction Mechanism ................................................................................. 60 4.3 Experimental Section.................................................................................... 62 4.3.1 Materials.................................................................................................... 62 4.3.2 Catalyst Activation Procedures.................................................................. 63 4.3.3 Experimental Setup ................................................................................... 64 4.3.3.1 Vapor-phase Packed Bed Experiment.................................................... 64 4.3.3.2 Liquid-phase Packed Bed Experiment.................................................... 65 4.3.4 Analytical Methods .................................................................................... 66 4.4 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 67 4.4.1 Liquid-phase versus Vapor-phase Packed Bed Method............................ 68 4.4.2 Vapor-Phase Packed Bed Reaction with Gas Purge................................. 69 v 4.4.3 Effect of Catalyst Loading.......................................................................... 71 4.4.4 Effect of Reaction Temperature................................................................. 74 4.4.5 Effect
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WHITE LABEL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS All the Information You Need When Creating Your Own Label Artwork
    WHITE LABEL PRODUCT INGREDIENTS All the information you need when creating your own label artwork. SPRAY TAN SOLUTION - LIGHT - 8% DHA INGREDIENTS: Aqua (Water), Dihydroxyacetone, Alcohol, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract, Propylene Glycol, Caramel, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Xanthan Gum, Glycerin, T-Butyl Alcohol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract, Panthenol, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Rosa Canina (Rose Hip) Fruit Oil, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Brucine Sulfate, Yellow 5 (CI 19140), Green 5 (CI 61570), Red 40 (CI 16035), Red 33 (CI 17200), Blue 1 (CI 42090), Yellow 6 (CI 15985) SPRAY TAN SOLUTION - MEDIUM - 10% DHA INGREDIENTS: Aqua (Water), Dihydroxyacetone, Alcohol, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract, Propylene Glycol, Caramel, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate, Hexylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, Xanthan Gum, Glycerin, T-Butyl Alcohol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Beta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract, Panthenol, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit Extract, Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Rosa Canina (Rose Hip) Fruit Oil, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Based Aircraft
    Comparison of Ethylene Glycol- and Propylene Glycol-Based Aircraft Deicing Fluids Agenda • Executive Summary • Chemistry • Operational Properties (for the aircraft) o Freezing Point (efficiency) o Lowest Operational Use Temperature o Holdover Time and Allowance Times • Mammalian Toxicity o Operator Precautions • Environmental Toxicity o Aquatic Toxicity o Air Emissions / Vapor Pressure o Biodegradation Executive Summary • Both ethylene glycol- (EG) and propylene glycol- (PG) based aircraft deicing fluids (ADFs) consist of the base glycol plus water and additives • Operationally, EG-based fluids perform better: • Less EG is required to produce the same freezing point than PG. • Lower viscosity means EG-based fluids provide better aerodynamic performance at colder temperatures. • As a result, EG-based fluids have superior Holdover Times (HOTs) compared to PG-based fluids, as presented by the SAE G-12 HOT Committee in May 2017. • Mammalian Toxicity • EG and PG both have low to moderate acute toxicity. • If ingested in a large, single oral dose, EG is more toxic to mammals than PG. • Oral dosing is an unlikely route of exposure during deicing. • History in Canada, where EG fluids have been used safely for many years, confirms operator procedures can appropriately manage this risk. Executive Summary • Environmental Properties • EG-based fluids in concentrated form generally demonstrate better aquatic toxicity than PG-based fluids; however, both are non-toxic. • Mixtures of EG-based ADFs exhibit less air emissions than PG based fluids.1 • Both EG and PG are biodegradable in the environment and neither bio accumulates. • PG has higher Theoretical Oxygen Demand and requires a higher usage concentration than PG fluids.
    [Show full text]
  • The PO Production Chain and Possibilities for Energy Saving
    The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Public Summary Report Delft, January 2012 Author(s): Ewout Dönszelmann Ab de Buck Harry Croezen Lonneke Wielders Publication Data Bibliographical data: Ewout Dönszelmann, Ab de Buck, Harry Croezen, Lonneke Wielders The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Public Summary Delft, CE Delft, January 2012 Energy saving / Chain Management / Products / Chemical industry / Propylene Oxide / Styrene / Iso-butylene FT: Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) Publication code: 12.2232.12 CE publications are available from www.cedelft.eu. Commissioned by: Agentschap NL Further information on this study can be obtained from the contact person, Ewout Dönszelmann. © copyright, CE Delft, Delft CE Delft Committed to the Environment CE Delft is an independent research and consultancy organisation specialised in developing structural and innovative solutions to environmental problems. CE Delft’s solutions are characterised in being politically feasible, technologically sound, economically prudent and socially equitable. 2 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 General background 5 1.2 The project 5 1.3 Approach 6 1.4 Reading guide 6 2 The production chains 7 2.1 The two processes 7 2.2 Expanded polystyrene 9 2.3 Polyols 11 2.4 TBA/iso-butylene applications 13 3 Conclusions, recommendations 17 3.1 Conclusions 17 3.2 Recommendations 17 4 Background of the Long-term Agreement Energy Efficiency ETS enterprises (LEE) 19 References 21 3 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 4 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 1 Introduction 1.1 General background The Dutch Industry and the Dutch government have made long term agreements on energy efficiency (LEE) for companies that are under the European Trading Scheme (ETS).
    [Show full text]
  • PROPYLENE GLYCOL from GLYCERIN (December 2007)
    Abstract Process Economics Program Report 262 PROPYLENE GLYCOL FROM GLYCERIN (December 2007) A variety of economic, environmental and technical factors have encouraged industry attention on producing industrial chemicals from bio-feedstocks, rather than from crude oil derivatives. One such example is producing propylene glycol (PG) from glycerine (GLY), rather than the conventional routes starting with propylene monomer. Propylene glycol has historically been produced in commercial quantities either via the chlorohydrin process or by peroxidation, both using propylene monomer as the starting material. Both routes produce propylene oxide (PO) as an intermediate chemical, which is then hydrated to propylene glycol. The peroxidation routes have evolved from those processes (Arco Chem/Lyondell, Repsol, Shell, BASF) producing a significant amount of by-product (PO/styrene monomer, PO/tertiary butyl alcohol, PO/ methyl tertiary butyl ether), to more recent processes developed by Solvay, Dow and BASF that eliminate the by-product by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. As of 2007, Degussa has announced the design and construction of a commercial scale PG plant using glycerine as its feedstock. Other companies have announced processes to use glycerine to produce polyols and epichlorohydrin. The combination of high crude oil prices and governmental subsidies to produce biofuels (bio-ethanol, bio-diesel) have resulted in an enormous increase in bio-diesel production, resulting in a glut of by-product glycerine (which represents 10% of biodiesel mass). As a result, glycerine market prices have fallen from $US 2/kg down to fuel value ($US 200/mt), or less. The low cost of glycerine combined with the high price of PG offers an opportunity to develop industrial scale processes converting glycerine to propylene glycol.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Butanol Production from Glycerol with Clostridium
    Lin et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2015) 8:168 DOI 10.1186/s13068-015-0352-6 RESEARCH Open Access Bio‑butanol production from glycerol with Clostridium pasteurianum CH4: the effects of butyrate addition and in situ butanol removal via membrane distillation De‑Shun Lin1, Hong‑Wei Yen2, Wei‑Chen Kao1, Chieh‑Lun Cheng1, Wen‑Ming Chen3, Chieh‑Chen Huang4 and Jo‑Shu Chang1,4,5* Abstract Background: Clostridium pasteurianum CH4 was used to produce butanol from glycerol. The performance of butanol fermentation was improved by adding butyrate as the precursor to trigger the metabolic pathway toward butanol production, and by combining this with in situ butanol removal via vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) to avoid the product inhibition arising from a high butanol concentration. 1 Results: Adding 6 g L− butyrate as precursor led to an increase in the butanol yield from 0.24 to 0.34 mol butanol 1 (mol glycerol)− . Combining VMD and butyrate addition strategies could further enhance the maximum effective 1 1 butanol concentration to 29.8 g L− , while the yield was also improved to 0.39 mol butanol (mol glycerol)− . The butanol concentration in the permeate of VMD was nearly five times higher than that in the feeding solution. Conclusions: The proposed butyrate addition and VMD in situ butanol removal strategies are very effective in enhancing both butanol titer and butanol yield. This would significantly enhance the economic feasibility of fermen‑ tative production of butanol. The VMD-based technology not only alleviates the inhibitory effect of butanol, but also markedly increases butanol concentration in the permeate after condensation, thereby making downstream process‑ ing easier and more cost-effective.
    [Show full text]
  • Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6–292 °C Without and with Added Water Or Nicotine
    Portland State University PDXScholar Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations Chemistry 2018 Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6–292 °c Without and with Added Water or Nicotine Anna K. Duell Portland State University, [email protected] James F. Pankow Portland State University, [email protected] Samantha M. Gillette Portland State University, [email protected] David H. Peyton Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/chem_fac Part of the Chemistry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Duell, A. K., Pankow, J. F., Gillette, S. M., & Peyton, D. H. (2018). Boiling points of the propylene glycol + glycerol system at 1 atmosphere pressure: 188.6-292 °C without and with added water or nicotine. Chemical Engineering Communications, 205(12), 1691–1700. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00986445.2018.1468758 This Post-Print is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 1 1 Full title: 2 Boiling Points of the Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System 3 at 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6 to 292 °C 4 Short title: 5 Boiling Points: Propylene Glycol + Glycerol 6 7 Anna K. Duell, 1 James F. Pankow,1,2 David H. Peyton1,3 8 1Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207, United States of 9 America 10 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, 11 Oregon, 97207, United States of America 12 3Corresponding author 13 E-mail: [email protected] (DP) 14 Phone number: 503-725-3875 15 16 Abstract 17 In electronic cigarettes (“electronic nicotine delivery systems”, ENDSs), mixtures of propylene 18 glycol (PG) and/or glycerol (GL; aka “vegetable glycerin”, VG) with nicotine are vaporized to 19 create a nicotine-containing aerosol.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cooked Composition of Glycerine and Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate and the Use Thereof As a Stabilizer for L-Aspartic Acid Sweetening Agent in Comestibles
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 323 442 J> European Patent Office Publication number: A1 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION @ Application number: 89102633.8 IntCI* A 23 L 1/236 A 23 G 3/30 @ Date of filing: 27.03.86 2g) Priority: 29.03.85 US 717630 © Applicant: NABISCO BRANDS, INC. 100 DeForest Avenue East Hanover New Jersey 07936 (US) §) Date of publication of application: 05.07.89 Bulletin 89/27 @ Inventor: Carroll, Thomas J. States: BE DE FR GB IT 20-30 43rd Street g) Designated Contracting Astoria, N.Y. (US) jig) Publication number of the earlier application in Kehoe, Gary S. accordance with Art. 76 EPC: 0 196 640 10 Cross Hill Road Ridgefield, Conn. (US) @) Representative : Brauns, Hans-Adolf, Dr. rer. nat. et al Hoffmann, Eitle & Partner, Patentanwalte Arabellastrasse 4 D-8000 Munich 81 (DE) @ A cooked composition of glycerine and hydrogenated starch hydrolysate and the use thereof as a stabilizer for L-aspartic acid sweetening agent in comestibles. (g) A cooked composition of glycerine and hydrogenated starch hydrolysate having a moisture content of 10 ± 6% (W/W). Said composition can be used as a stabilizer for L-aspartic acid sweetening agent in comestibles. CM CO CM eo a. LU Bundesdruckerei Berlin EP 0 323 442 A1 Description A COOKED COMPOSITION OF GLYCERINE AND HYDROGENATED STARCH HYDROLYSATE AND THE USE THEREOF AS A STABILIZER FOR L-ASPARTIC ACID SWEETENING AGENT IN COMESTIBLES Aspartame which is used extensively in many types of sugarless foodstuffs, or other comestible products, 5 such as chewing gum, is known to readily decompose in the presence of moisture into decomposition products such as diketopiperizine which causes a significant loss in the sweetness properties of such products during their shelf lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Propylene Glycol
    PROPYLENEGLYCOL ____________________Name ____________________________________________DateDate alsocalled…methylethylglycol , propane-1,2-diol , 1,2-propanediol ,2-hydroxypropanol , 1,2-dihydroxypropane , isopropyleneglycol ,and E1520 . Whatisit? Propyleneglycolisusedasasofteningagent,solvent,moisturizer,preservativeor vehicleinmanypersonalproducts,medications,andindustry. Wheremightitbefound? Heattransferfluid Householdcleaningproducts Moisturizinglotion,cream Hydraulicpressfluid Make-up(foundation,concealer, Industrialsolvents lipstick,lipliner,lipbalm, Insecttrapcontents gloss,mascara,eyeliner) Paint,enamel,stain,deckcoat,varnish Hairproducts(shampoo,gel, Paintballingredient conditioner,color,minoxidil) Petshampoo,spray,deodorizer Soap,cleanser,bodywash Photographicchemical Bubblebath,showergel Pitfalltrapforgroundbeetles Handsanitizer,handcleaner Plasticizer,polyesterandalkydresins Moisttowelettes,babywipes Polyurethanecushions Toothpaste,toothwhiteners Printingfountaininksolution,rollerwash Mouthwash,coldsoreremedy Tiresealant Shavingcream,aftershavegel Tobaccohumectant,cigarhumidor Antiperspirant,deodorant Transcutaneous-nervestimulatorgel Cuticleremover Ultraviolettattooink Salinesolution Wallpaperstripper,drywallprimer Personallubricant Waterproofing,cracksealant Sunscreen,massageoil Treatmentforathletesfoot,itch, PGisinmanyprescriptions : acne,yeast,earache Most cortisone creams,ointments,lotions,gels Clindamycingel,sol’nKeralytGel OtherPossibleExposures: Dovonexsolution Ketoconazolecr,foam Aircraftde-icingfluid Efudexcream,sol’nMetronidazolegel
    [Show full text]
  • Intensified Crude Glycerol Conversion to Butanol by Immobilized Clostridium Pasteurianum
    Intensified crude glycerol conversion to butanol by immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum Krasňan, V., Plž, M., Marr, A. C., Markošová, K., Rosenberg, M., & Rebros, M. (2018). Intensified crude glycerol conversion to butanol by immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum. Biochemical Engineering Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.005 Published in: Biochemical Engineering Journal Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:28. Sep. 2021 1 Intensified crude glycerol conversion to butanol by immobilized Clostridium 2 pasteurianum 3 4 Vladimír Krasňan1, Michal Plž1, Andrew C. Marr2, Kristína Markošová1, Michal 5 Rosenberg1, Martin Rebroš1* 6 1Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 7 Bratislava, Slovakia 8 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University of Belfast, UK. 9 *corresponding author ([email protected]; Tel: +421 2 59 325 480) 10 1 11 Abstract 12 Butanol production from glycerol was investigated through Clostridium 13 pasteurianum entrapped into polyvinyl alcohol particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Biovalorisation of Crude Glycerol and Xylose Into Xylitol by Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica
    Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Ashish Prabhu Craneld University Dominic J Thomas Craneld University Rodrigo Ledesma- Amaro Imperial College London Gary A Leeke University of Birmingham Angel Medina Vaya Craneld University Carol Verheecke-Vaessen Craneld University Frederic Coulon Craneld University Vinod Kumar ( [email protected] ) Craneld University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-6119 Research Keywords: Glycerol, Xylose, Yarrowia lipolytica, Biotransformation, Xylitol Posted Date: March 26th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-19009/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Microbial Cell Factories on June 3rd, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01378-1. Page 1/28 Abstract Background: Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol is among the twelve platform chemicals that can be produced from biomass. The chemical method for xylitol synthesis is however expensive and energy intensive. In contrast, the biological route involving microbial cell factories offers a potential cost-effective alternative process. The bioprocess occurs under ambient conditions and makes use of biocatalysts which can be sourced from renewable carbon coming from a variety of cheap feedstocks classied as wastes. Result: In this study, biotransformation of xylose to xylitol was investigated using Yarrowia lipolytica an oleaginous yeast grown on glycerol/glucose screening of primary carbon source, media optimisation in shake ask, scale up in bioreactor and downstream processing of xylitol were carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Alcohols a Sugar Alcohol Is a Kind of Alcohol Prepared from Sugars
    Sweeteners, Good, Bad, or Something even Worse. (Part 8) These are Low calorie sweeteners - not non-calorie sweeteners Sugar Alcohols A sugar alcohol is a kind of alcohol prepared from sugars. These organic compounds are a class of polyols, also called polyhydric alcohol, polyalcohol, or glycitol. They are white, water-soluble solids that occur naturally and are used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners. In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high intensity artificial sweeteners to counter the low sweetness of the sugar alcohols. Unlike sugars, sugar alcohols do not contribute to the formation of tooth cavities. Common Sugar Alcohols Arabitol, Erythritol, Ethylene glycol, Fucitol, Galactitol, Glycerol, Hydrogenated Starch – Hydrolysate (HSH), Iditol, Inositol, Isomalt, Lactitol, Maltitol, Maltotetraitol, Maltotriitol, Mannitol, Methanol, Polyglycitol, Polydextrose, Ribitol, Sorbitol, Threitol, Volemitol, Xylitol, Of these, xylitol is perhaps the most popular due to its similarity to sucrose in visual appearance and sweetness. Sugar alcohols do not contribute to tooth decay. However, consumption of sugar alcohols does affect blood sugar levels, although less than that of "regular" sugar (sucrose). Sugar alcohols may also cause bloating and diarrhea when consumed in excessive amounts. Erythritol Also labeled as: Sugar alcohol Zerose ZSweet Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and throughout much of the world. It was discovered in 1848 by British chemist John Stenhouse. It occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods. At the industrial level, it is produced from glucose by fermentation with a yeast, Moniliella pollinis.
    [Show full text]
  • HPPO Process Technology a Novel Route to Propylene Oxide Without Coproducts
    sustainability/ Industry perspective GREEN CHEMISTRy FRANZ SCHMIDT, MAIK BERNHARD, HEIKO MORELL, MATTHIAS PASCALy* *Corresponding author Evonik Industries AG, Advanced Intermediates – Innovation, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany Matthias Pascaly HPPO Process Technology A novel route to propylene oxide without coproducts KEYWORDS: HPPO process, propylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, titanium silicalite. The common industrial technologies for the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide have been Abstract compared with a special focus on the direct oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. The HPPO process is an economically and ecologically superior technology since there are no market dependencies of other coproducts and water is the only waste product. The catalyst used in this process is a partly titanium substituted silica based zeolite called TS-1. The article summarizes the most important information concerning the HPPO process. INTRODUCTION approximately 7 Mt/a in the year 2010 at a production capacity of approximately 8 Mt/a. Based on a total The oxidation of organic compounds is of vital importance market growth of around 5 % per year, the expected for the chemical industry. Besides basic oxidation reactions values for demand and capacity in 2015 are nearly such as bleaching processes (e.g. paper or laundry) also at 9 and 10 Mt/a respectively. The growing markets are in oxidation reactions of chemicals are important: Epoxides Asia and potentially in the Middle East (1). - especially ethylene and propylene oxide – are among the There are several industrial routes to produce propylene major chemicals. Replacement of traditionally used halide- oxide, of which the chlorohydrin process (CH) is the based oxidants (chlorine) by hydrogen peroxide provided a oldest one (2).
    [Show full text]