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The Contribution of the Uzbek People to the Victory Over Fascism During the Second World War

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The Contribution of the Uzbek People to the Victory Over Fascism During the Second World War JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 18, 2020 THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE TO THE VICTORY OVER FASCISM DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR. 1Mamatkulova Farangiz Orzukulovna, 2Asatullaev Mirzhalolxon Isakhonovich 12Assistants of the Department of Historiography and Source Studies of Samarkand State University Received: 16 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 16 June 2020 Abstract: This article presents high examples of deep patriotism of manifestation by the inhabitants of Uzbekistan. Genuine pain for the fate of the Motherland, anxiety for loved ones, the willingness of the people, following the example of their ancestors, to repulse aggressors, the desire to expel the hated enemy from the "common house", engulfed in the destructive flames of war, became the motivation for the emergence of a mass patriotic movement in the republic. Keywords: mobilization, war, front, armament, industry, agriculture, food, freedom, labor feat, victory. 1. INTRODUCTION May 9 - Victory Day, a holiday suffered by the people, the day of great glory for the sons of our Motherland, who walked along the difficult roads of war and defeated fascism at the cost of inconceivable victims. This is our great common history that will never be forgotten, this is our great spiritual wealth that no one can take from us. This glorious story gives us strength and energy, inspires new achievements. She calls on us to value and protect the world, to live in friendship and harmony with all peoples, to build a common future together. In these festive and at the same time mournful days, we again and again recall the years of the war in order to draw the necessary conclusions from the past [1]. Fascist aggression, the loss of large territories where a significant part of industrial and agricultural products were produced, put the national economy in difficult conditions. Until December 1941, there was a decline in industrial production. In fact, most of the industrial enterprises in the western regions were captured by the enemy, or on "wheels" - moved east, or stood in the open air in new places. And the front needed to give everything necessary as soon as possible. A difficult situation has developed in agriculture. Most men went to the front. They were replaced by women, adolescents, old people. Sometimes they had to work 20 hours a day. However, it was impossible to make up for the huge losses of sown areas and livestock. In 1942, the country received 3.5 times less grain than in 1940. Food was mainly aimed at providing the army. The population was literally starving. All this was combined with constant psychological stress: grief over the death of a loved one, waiting for a letter from the front (what if there will be a funeral?), An exhausting 11-12 hour day, rare days off, and anxiety for children who were virtually unattended. But, despite all the painful difficulties of difficult wartime, people selflessly worked in all sectors of the national economy. It was work in the name of victory. During the war years there was a deep spiritual connection between the front and the rear. Like the soldiers at the front, home front workers performed labor exploits not in the name of preserving the totalitarian system. People were inspired by the ideas of freedom and independence, the desire to preserve the hearth, the identity of their own people. The feat of labor self-sacrifice of the peoples of the country was one of the basic prerequisites for the coming victory. Strengthening the combat power of the Army, they actively contributed to the rout of enemy forces on the fronts of the war. Workers of Uzbekistan made a tangible contribution to the solution of this historical task. One of the most difficult and crucial tasks of the initial period of the war was the accelerated transfer of the economy to the military. Its restructuring took place in difficult conditions. It was necessary to redistribute material, financial and labor resources, sharply increase the output of military products, relocate enterprises from west to east, and quickly put them into operation in the rear areas. All this had to be done not only in an extremely tight timeframe, but also in conditions when the territory occupied by the invaders in the pre-war period was about 40% of the country's population, 63% of coal was mined, 58% of steel, 38% of grain was produced, A powerful machine- building base was located, including many defense enterprises. During the six months of the war, the rental of ferrous metals decreased 3.1 times, non-ferrous metals - 430 times, the production of ball bearings - 21 times [2]. The war was actually the economic potential of the country in the early 30s. The outcome of the war directly depended on the work of the rear. Therefore, the restructuring of the economy, political leadership gave priority. It was carried out by the totalitarian regime, tested at the dawn of Soviet 795 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 18, 2020 power by "military-communist methods." Already on June 26, compulsory overtime work was introduced for workers and employees in the country, the working day for adults increased to 11 hours with a six-day work week. In fact, it grew to 12-14 hours. Holidays canceled. This made it possible to increase the load of production capacities by approximately 1/3 without increasing the number of workers and employees. At the end of July 1941, the executive bodies of the Union and Autonomous Republics, territories and regions granted the right to transfer workers to another job without their consent. All this made it possible to quickly redistribute labor in the interests of military production. However, the shortage of workers was growing. Office workers, housewives, and students were involved in production. In December 1941, all workers in military production were declared mobilized and secured at these enterprises. Sanctions for labor violators were tightened. Unauthorized departure from enterprises was considered as desertion and was punishable by a prison term of 5 to 8 years [3]. Even children were not exempted from the punishing “sovereign right hand”. As a result, unintentional teenagers, including from Uzbekistan, began to come in batches for unauthorized departure from enterprises in the camps. I would like to take this opportunity to pay particular attention to this aspect of military history. After all, the theme of war and Soviet camps was not yet an independent object of scientific research. Meanwhile, it greatly complements the unsightly appearance of the totalitarian regime that has developed in the USSR. Recall that the country at the beginning of the war exerted all its forces. Nevertheless, in the rear areas a network of many Gulag camps was guarded. True, Beria’s helpers hastened to free themselves from part of the “extra mouths”. For example, in the Oryol political prison, where the former leader of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, Maria Spiridonova, was sitting, a number of yesterday's Bolshevik leaders and 5 thousand prisoners, including from Uzbekistan, were driven into cellars in the early days of the war and flooded the premises. All died [4]. But in general, Stalin was vitally interested in saving the forced, slave labor of prisoners, whose total number by the beginning of the war, according to the estimates of the American researcher R. Conquest, amounted to over 8.3 million people [5]. I must say that with the outbreak of war the Gulag industry acquired special significance in the eyes of the Stalinist leadership: various types of minerals needed for military production were mined only in the gulag mines. The tragic existence of millions of people, the high mortality from exhaustion - and the hardest work that the country needed so much. Prisoners of the Gulag rushed to the front, but they were still kept behind the barbed wire. Significant forces of the NKVD troops were diverted to their guard - almost 250 thousand well-fed and armed guards [6]. Young, healthy men instead of the front were in the rear, guarding their own suffering compatriots. And at the front they considered the last crackers, cartridges, the last fighters. Meanwhile, prisoners accused mainly under the notorious 58th article, despite the inhuman working conditions and bullying of the warders, worked selflessly, inspired by the hope of victory, of the changes that should follow. Over the years of the war, prisoners produced 3.7 billion rubles in industry, and 1.2 billion rubles in agriculture. Given that they included a representative group of our fellow countrymen, we can say that the Uzbek prisoners made a worthy, although until recently unappreciated, contribution to the common cause of defeating the enemy. The victory was actively forged directly in Uzbekistan. As noted above, with the unfolding of Nazi aggression, all nations came to the defense of the motherland, a multinational country turned into an indestructible battle camp. Uzbekistan has become a powerful arsenal of the front. The feat of labor self-sacrifice of the peoples of the country was one of the basic prerequisites for the coming victory. Strengthening the combat power of the Army, they actively contributed to the rout of enemy forces on the fronts of the war. Workers of Uzbekistan made a tangible contribution to the solution of this historical task. The main task of our republic, as a rear region, was to mobilize all resources to provide the front with the necessary weapons, ammunition, uniforms, food. In the context of its implementation, intensive organizational, organizational and political work was carried out. [7] From the height of time it is clearly seen that the transfer of the economy of Uzbekistan to military rails was accompanied by a system of emergency measures carried out throughout the country.
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