STS-117 Press Kit STS-117 Press Kit
ȱ ȱ ȱ CONTENTS
Sectionȱ Pageȱ
STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE ...... 1
TIMELINE OVERVIEW...... 13
MISSION PROFILE...... 17
MISSION PRIORITIES...... 19
MISSION PERSONNEL...... 21
STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES ...... 23
STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW...... 27
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW ...... 37 STARBOARD 5 (S5) SHORT SPACER ...... 37 EXTERNAL STOWAGE PLATFORM-3...... 39 SPACEHAB’S LOGISTICS SINGLE MODULE...... 41 MOTION CONTROL SUBSYSTEM ...... 43 STATION-TO-SHUTTLE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM (SSPTS)...... 44
RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING ...... 47 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE...... 50
SPACEWALKS ...... 53
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT...... 61
EXPERIMENTS...... 67 DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVES ...... 67 SHORT-DURATION RESEARCH TO BE COMPLETED DURING STS-118/13A.1...... 68
SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 75
SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA ...... 77
JULY 2007 CONTENTS i
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Sectionȱ Pageȱ
LAUNCH AND LANDING ...... 89 LAUNCH...... 89 ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO)...... 89 TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING (TAL)...... 89 RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS)...... 89 ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA)...... 89 LANDING ...... 89
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 91
MEDIA ASSISTANCE ...... 107
PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS...... 109
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ii CONTENTS JULY2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE ȱ
ȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱEndeavourȱisȱonȱLaunchȱPadȱ39ȬAȱandȱreadyȱforȱlaunch.ȱAtȱfarȱleftȱisȱtheȱrotatingȱ serviceȱstructure,ȱwhichȱcanȱbeȱrolledȱaroundȱtoȱencloseȱtheȱshuttleȱforȱaccessȱduringȱprocessing.ȱ Behindȱtheȱshuttleȱisȱtheȱfixedȱserviceȱstructure,ȱtoppedȱbyȱanȱ80ȬfootȬtallȱlightningȱmast.ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 1
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ȱ ThisȱgraphicȱdepictsȱtheȱlocationȱofȱSTSȬ118ȱpayloadȱhardware.ȱ
TheȱspaceȱshuttleȱEndeavourȱisȱpoisedȱtoȱblastȱ andȱswapȱoutȱaȱfailedȱgyroscopeȱusedȱtoȱorientȱ offȱAug.ȱ7,ȱcarryingȱsevenȱastronautsȱtoȱorbitȱonȱ theȱstation.ȱ aȱcomplexȱflightȱtoȱcontinueȱtheȱassemblyȱofȱtheȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ fulfillȱ aȱ longȬ Kelly,ȱ whoȱ isȱ makingȱ hisȱ secondȱ flightȱ intoȱ standingȱhumanȱspaceflightȱlegacy.ȱ space,ȱ isȱ joinedȱ byȱ Pilotȱ Charlieȱ Hobaughȱ (HOE’baw),ȱ aȱ Marineȱ lieutenantȱ colonel,ȱ 45,ȱ Theȱ119thȱflightȱinȱspaceȱshuttleȱhistoryȱandȱtheȱ andȱmissionȱspecialistsȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱ37,ȱRickȱ 22ndȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ isȱ commandedȱ byȱ veteranȱ Mastracchioȱ (MuhȬSTRACK’ȬeeȬoh),ȱ 47,ȱ Dr.ȱ astronautȱ Scottȱ Kelly,ȱ aȱ Navyȱ commander,ȱ 43.ȱ DaveȱWilliamsȱofȱtheȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgency,ȱ Endeavourȱ isȱ scheduledȱ toȱ beȱ launchedȱ fromȱ 53,ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorgan,ȱ55,ȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱanȱ NASAȇsȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center’sȱ Launchȱ Padȱ AirȱForceȱcolonel,ȱ44.ȱ 39ȬAȱ onȱ anȱ 11Ȭdayȱ flight.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ mission,ȱ theȱcrewȱwillȱdeliverȱaȱnewȱsegmentȱforȱtheȱstaȬ Hobaugh,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ areȱ allȱ tionȇsȱ backbone,ȱ installȱ aȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ makingȱtheirȱsecondȱflightȱintoȱspace.ȱCaldwell,ȱ MorganȱandȱDrewȱareȱallȱfirstȬtimeȱfliers.ȱ
2 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
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ȱ SevenȱastronautsȱpauseȱforȱanȱinformalȱcrewȱportraitȱatȱtheȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱPicturedȱfromȱtheȱ leftȱ(front)ȱareȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱastronautȱDaveȱWilliams,ȱmissionȱspecialist;ȱScottȱKelly,ȱ commander;ȱandȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱmissionȱspecialist.ȱBackȱrow,ȱleftȱtoȱright,ȱareȱCharlieȱHobaugh,ȱ pilot;ȱalongȱwithȱRickȱMastracchio,ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱallȱmissionȱspecialists.ȱ ȱ Morganȱisȱtheȱfirstȱeducatorȱmissionȱspecialist,ȱ Morgan,ȱwhoȱwasȱanȱelementaryȱschoolȱteacherȱ havingȱservedȱasȱtheȱbackupȱtoȱpayloadȱspecialȬ inȱ McCall,ȱ Idaho,ȱ beforeȱ beingȱ selectedȱ asȱ istȱ Christaȱ McAuliffeȱ inȱ theȱ Teacherȱ inȱ Spaceȱ McAuliffe’sȱ backup,ȱ returnedȱ toȱ teachingȱ afterȱ Project.ȱMcAuliffeȱandȱsixȱfellowȱastronautsȱlostȱ theȱaccident.ȱSheȱwasȱselectedȱtoȱtrainȱasȱaȱmisȬ theirȱlivesȱinȱtheȱChallengerȱaccidentȱonȱJan.ȱ28,ȱ sionȱ specialistȱ inȱ 1998ȱ andȱ wasȱ namedȱ toȱ theȱ 1986.ȱ STSȬ118ȱcrewȱinȱ2002.ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 3
ȱ ȱ ȱ Sheȱwillȱbeȱinvolvedȱinȱatȱleastȱoneȱlive,ȱinteracȬ Endeavourȱ isȱ makingȱ itsȱ 20thȱ flight,ȱ andȱ firstȱ tiveȱ educationalȱ inȬflightȱ eventȱ withȱ studentsȱ sinceȱ theȱ STSȬ113ȱ missionȱ inȱ Novemberȱ 2002ȱ gatheredȱ inȱ Boise,ȱ Idaho.ȱ Ifȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ exȬ thatȱbroughtȱtheȱfirstȱportȱsideȱtrussȱsegmentȱtoȱ tended,ȱsheȱwillȱparticipateȱinȱtwoȱotherȱeducaȬ theȱstation.ȱEndeavourȱunderwentȱanȱextensiveȱ tionalȱ eventsȱ withȱ studentsȱ inȱ Alexandria,ȱ Va.,ȱ refurbishmentȱ afterȱ thatȱ missionȱ toȱ upgradeȱ andȱLynn,ȱMass.,ȱtoȱdiscussȱherȱmissionȱandȱtheȱ andȱmodifyȱitsȱkeyȱsystems.ȱ educationalȱaspectsȱofȱhumanȱspaceflight.ȱ
ȱ BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱspeaksȱtoȱanȱaudienceȱofȱstudentsȱandȱmediaȱȱ duringȱaȱdemonstrationȱatȱSpaceȱCenterȱHouston.ȱ
4 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ experiencedȱhighȱelectricalȱcurrentsȱandȱerraticȱ spinȱ ratesȱ inȱ Octoberȱ 2006ȱ andȱ wasȱ takenȱ offȱ line.ȱ Sinceȱ then,ȱ theȱ stationȱ hasȱ usedȱ theȱ otherȱ threeȱ gyroscopesȱ inȱ theȱ Zenithȱ 1ȱ (Z1)ȱ trussȱ toȱ maintainȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ orientation.ȱ Theȱ replaceȬ mentȱ workȱ willȱ beȱ nearlyȱ identicalȱ toȱ theȱ reȬ placementȱofȱCMGȬ1ȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ114ȱmissionȱinȱ 2005,ȱ butȱ thisȱ failedȱ CMGȱ willȱ beȱ temporarilyȱ stowedȱ onȱ theȱ newȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ Earthȱ onȱ theȱ STSȬ122ȱ misȬ sionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱ
ȱ Theȱ CMGȱ replacementȱ willȱ occurȱ duringȱ theȱ ThisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱdepictsȱhowȱtheȱS5ȱ secondȱ ofȱ threeȱ plannedȱ spacewalks.ȱ Aȱ fourthȱ trussȱwillȱbeȱgrappledȱbyȱtheȱstation’sȱroboticȱ spacewalkȱ willȱ beȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ missionȱ ifȱ theȱ arm.ȱItȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱtoȱtheȱfarȱrightȱportionȱ flightȱ isȱ extended.ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ ofȱtheȱintegratedȱtrussȱsystem.ȱ willȱconductȱtheȱfirstȱtwoȱspacewalks.ȱMastracȬ chioȱandȱExpeditionȱ15ȱFlightȱEngineerȱClaytonȱ Theȱ primeȱ objectiveȱ ofȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ toȱ installȱ Andersonȱ willȱ beȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ third.ȱ theȱ Starboardȱ 5ȱ (S5)ȱ trussȱ onȱ theȱ rightȱ sideȱ ofȱ AndersonȱwouldȱteamȱupȱwithȱWilliamsȱforȱtheȱ theȱ station’sȱ expandingȱ trussȱ structure.ȱ Theȱ fourthȱ spacewalk.ȱ Andersonȱ willȱ haveȱ conȬ twoȬtonȱ S5ȱ willȱ beȱ roboticallyȱ attachedȱ andȱ ductedȱ hisȱ firstȱ careerȱ spacewalkȱ priorȱ toȱ boltedȱ toȱ theȱ S4ȱ truss,ȱ whichȱ wasȱ deliveredȱ toȱ STSȬ118ȱ toȱ jettisonȱ anȱ obsoleteȱ ammoniaȱ reserȬ theȱstationȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ117ȱmissionȱinȱJune.ȱ voirȱandȱotherȱequipment.ȱ TheȱS5ȱtrussȱisȱ11ȱfeetȱlong,ȱandȱwillȱserveȱasȱaȱ “spacer”ȱ toȱ provideȱ structuralȱ supportȱ forȱ theȱ outboardȱ solarȱ arraysȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ installedȱ onȱ theȱS6ȱtrussȱnextȱyearȱandȱtoȱprovideȱsufficientȱ spaceȱ forȱ clearanceȱ betweenȱ thoseȱ arraysȱ andȱ theȱS4ȱtrussȱsolarȱblankets.ȱ
Aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Externalȱ Stowageȱ PlatȬ formȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3)ȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱonȱtheȱstation’sȱ P3ȱ trussȱ toȱ houseȱ criticalȱ spareȱ parts.ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ joinsȱ twoȱ otherȱ stowageȱ platformsȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱstation.ȱ ȱ AnotherȱhighȱpriorityȱtaskȱforȱEndeavour’sȱasȬ tronautsȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ replacementȱ ofȱ theȱ failedȱ Thisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱshowsȱwhereȱtheȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ GyroscopeȬ3ȱ (CMGȬ3)ȱ whichȱ ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȱwillȱbeȱȱ installedȱtoȱtheȱspaceȱstation.ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 5
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ȱ CosmonautsȱOlegȱV.ȱKotovȱandȱFyodorȱYurchikhin,ȱExpeditionȱ15ȱflightȱengineerȱandȱcommander,ȱ respectively,ȱrepresentingȱRussiaȇsȱFederalȱSpaceȱAgency;ȱandȱastronautȱClaytonȱC.ȱAnderson,ȱȱ flightȱengineer,ȱparticipateȱinȱaȱtrainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱSpaceȱVehicleȱMockupȱFacilityȱȱ atȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenterȱbeforeȱtheyȱwereȱreunitedȱatȱtheȱspaceȱstation.ȱ ȱ Endeavour’sȱastronautsȱwillȱworkȱwithȱAnderȬ signedȱtoȱextendȱtheȱshuttle’sȱstayȱatȱtheȱstationȱ sonȱ andȱ hisȱ crewmates,ȱ Expeditionȱ 15ȱ ComȬ toȱupȱtoȱ12ȱdays,ȱifȱnecessary,ȱwithoutȱdepletingȱ manderȱ Fyodorȱ Yurchikhinȱ (FeeȬOH’Ȭduhrȱ theȱ finiteȱ electricalȱ capabilityȱ ofȱ theȱ fuelȱ cellsȱ YUR’ȬcheeȬkin)ȱandȱFlightȱEngineerȱOlegȱKotovȱ themselves.ȱ (AH’ȬlegȱKOH’Ȭtoff),ȱduringȱmoreȱthanȱaȱweekȱ ofȱjointȱdockedȱoperations.ȱ Theȱ SSPTSȱ routesȱ powerȱ throughȱ Pressurizedȱ Matingȱ AdapterȬ2ȱ (PMAȬ2),ȱ theȱ dockingȱ portȱ Theȱ missionȱ alsoȱ willȱ featureȱ theȱ firstȱ flightȱ ofȱ forȱ Endeavourȱ atȱ theȱ forwardȱ endȱ ofȱ theȱ staȬ theȱnewȱStationȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSysȬ tion’sȱ Destinyȱ Laboratory.ȱ SSPTSȱ consistsȱ ofȱ temȱ (SSPTS),ȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ electricalȱ converterȱ twoȱPowerȱTransferȱUnitsȱ(PTUs)ȱinȱtheȱshuttle,ȱ unitsȱ inȱ theȱ shuttleȱ thatȱ drawȱ electricityȱ fromȱ containingȱ threeȱ convertersȱ perȱ unit,ȱ twoȱ OrȬ theȱ station’sȱ powerȱ systemȱ toȱ supplementȱ theȱ biterȱPowerȱConversionȱUnitsȱ(OPCUs)ȱandȱoneȱ normalȱelectricalȱoutputȱfromȱtheȱshuttle’sȱthreeȱ AssemblyȱPowerȱConversionȱUnitȱ(APCU).ȱ cryogenicȱ fuelȱ cells.ȱ Theȱ newȱ capabilityȱ isȱ deȬ
6 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Eachȱ OPCUȱ convertsȱ 124ȱ voltȱ directȱ currentȱ powerȱfromȱtheȱstationȱtoȱ28ȱvoltȱusableȱshuttleȱ power.ȱEachȱunitȱdrawsȱ2.2ȱkilowattsȱofȱstationȱ powerȱ andȱ convertsȱ itȱ toȱ 2ȱ kilowattsȱ ofȱ powerȱ forȱshuttleȱsystems.ȱ
Followingȱ Endeavour’sȱ dockingȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 3ȱ andȱ shortlyȱ afterȱ hatchesȱ areȱ openedȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱvehicles,ȱSSPTSȱwillȱbeȱ activatedȱasȱtwoȱofȱtheȱfourȱOPCUsȱareȱturnedȱ on.ȱ Theȱ systemȱ willȱ beȱ deactivatedȱ shortlyȱ beȬ foreȱtheȱfirstȱspacewalkȱonȱflightȱdayȱ4ȱtoȱenableȱ ȱ theȱstation’sȱstarboardȱsolarȱarraysȱtoȱbeȱlockedȱ Thisȱgraphicȱillustratesȱtheȱinspectionȱ inȱplaceȱforȱtheȱinstallationȱofȱtheȱS5ȱtruss.ȱAfterȱ Endeavour’sȱastronautsȱwillȱperformȱusingȱȱ thatȱisȱcompleted,ȱSSPTSȱwillȱbeȱreactivatedȱunȬ theȱOrbiterȱBoomȱSensorȱSystem.ȱ tilȱEndeavourȱisȱreadyȱtoȱundockȱandȱtheȱotherȱ twoȱOPCUsȱwillȱbeȱturnedȱonȱandȱcheckedȱout.ȱ TheȱnextȱdayȱasȱEndeavourȱclosesȱinȱonȱtheȱInȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Missionȱmanagersȱmayȱelectȱtoȱwaitȱuntilȱflightȱ ternational Space Station through a series of ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ dayȱ5ȱtoȱverifyȱtheȱperformanceȱofȱtheȱnewȱsysȬ coordinated engine firings, Caldwell and Mas ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ temȱ beforeȱ formallyȱ extendingȱ theȱ flightȱ threeȱ tracchio will use the shuttle’s robot arm to ȱ ȱ Ȭ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ additionalȱdaysȱtoȱaȱ14Ȭdayȱmission.ȱ grapple the 50 foot long Orbiter Boom Sensor System.ȱTheȱOBSSȱisȱanȱarmȱextensionȱthatȱusesȱ ShuttlesȱEndeavourȱandȱDiscoveryȱwereȱoutfitȬ camerasȱ andȱ laserȱ sensorsȱ toȱ mapȱ theȱ leadingȱ tedȱduringȱtheirȱmostȱrecentȱmaintenanceȱperiȬ edgesȱofȱtheȱwingsȱandȱtheȱnoseȱcapȱofȱtheȱshutȬ odsȱforȱSSPTSȱcapability.ȱAtlantisȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱ tleȱ inȱ checkingȱ forȱ anyȱ damageȱ thatȱ mayȱ haveȱ SSPTSȱcapability.ȱ occurredȱduringȱEndeavour’sȱclimbȱtoȱorbit.ȱ
Rightȱafterȱarrivingȱonȱorbit,ȱCaldwellȱandȱWilȬ Endeavour’sȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ podȱ liamsȱwillȱcaptureȱvideoȱandȱdigitalȱstillsȱofȱEnȬ blanketsȱ willȱ alsoȱ beȱ surveyedȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ deavour’sȱ jettisonedȱ externalȱ fuelȱ tankȱ forȱ imȬ preȬplannedȱ surveysȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ heatȱ proȬ ageryȱanalysisȱonȱtheȱground,ȱtheȱfirstȱinȱaȱseȬ tectionȱsystem.ȱ riesȱofȱiterativeȱstepsȱthatȱwillȱclearȱEndeavour’sȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ heatȱshieldȱforȱaȱsafeȱlanding.ȱ Morgan and Hobaugh will join Caldwell and MastracchioȱduringȱalmostȱsevenȱhoursȱofȱsurȬ Endeavour’sȱ astronautsȱ willȱ thenȱ setȱ upȱ theirȱ veyȱ workȱ withȱ theȱ boom.ȱ Asȱ thatȱ workȱ proȬ toolsȱandȱcomputersȱandȱopenȱtheȱship’sȱcargoȱ ceeds,ȱ Kelly,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Drewȱ willȱ prepareȱ bayȱ doors.ȱ Morganȱ andȱ Drewȱ willȱ activateȱ theȱ theȱspacesuitsȱthatȱwillȱbeȱwornȱduringȱtheȱmisȬ Spacehabȱ moduleȱ andȱ openȱ theȱ hatchȱ toȱ theȱ sion’sȱspacewalks.ȱ cargoȱ carrierȱ throughȱ aȱ tunnelȱ fromȱ EndeavȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ our’sȱ lowerȱ deck.ȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ Mastracchioȱ Before the crew goes to sleep to complete its ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ willȱ unfurlȱ andȱ checkoutȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ roboticȱ second day in space, a camera will be mounted ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ armȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ forȱ variousȱ tasksȱ in the Orbiter Docking System to provide visual ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ throughoutȱtheȱmission.ȱ cues to Kelly and Hobaugh for the next day’s
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 7
ȱ ȱ ȱ dockingȱwithȱtheȱstation.ȱTheȱdockingȱsystem’sȱ tweenȱ theȱ twoȱ craft,ȱ hatchesȱ willȱ beȱ opened.ȱ outerȱringȱalsoȱwillȱbeȱextendedȱinȱpreparationȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ joinȱ Andersonȱ atȱ theȱ roboticsȱ forȱtheȱfollowingȱday’sȱlinkup.ȱ workstationȱinȱtheȱDestinyȱLaboratoryȱtoȱoperȬ ateȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ roboticȱ arm.ȱ Theyȱ Onȱflightȱdayȱ3,ȱKellyȱandȱHobaughȱwillȱguideȱ willȱ acceptȱ theȱ handoffȱ ofȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ fromȱ Endeavourȱthroughȱaȱseriesȱofȱengineȱfiringsȱtoȱ CaldwellȱandȱMastracchioȱwhoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱ narrowȱtheȱgapȱbetweenȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱtheȱstaȬ shuttle’sȱ robotȱ armȱ fromȱ theȱ aftȱ flightȱ deckȱ ofȱ tion,ȱarrivingȱaboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱbelowȱtheȱ Endeavour.ȱ ISSȱ aboutȱ anȱ hourȱ priorȱ toȱ docking.ȱ Atȱ thatȱ time,ȱKellyȱwillȱexecuteȱaȱslowȱtwoȬdegreeȱperȱ Whileȱ S5ȱ spendsȱ theȱnightȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ secondȱ“backflip,”ȱcalledȱtheȱRendezvousȱPitchȱ ofȱ Canadarm2,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ Maneuver.ȱThisȱwillȱenableȱstationȱcrewȱmemȬ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ day’sȱ spacewalk,ȱ theȱ firstȱ bersȱ toȱ useȱ digitalȱ camerasȱ equippedȱ withȱ forȱbothȱofȱ them.ȱTheyȱwillȱwearȱmasksȱinȱtheȱ 400mmȱ andȱ 800mmȱ lensesȱ toȱ photographȱ EnȬ station’sȱQuestȱairlockȱtoȱprebreatheȱpureȱoxyȬ deavour’sȱheatȱresistantȱtilesȱforȱanalysisȱbyȱimȬ gen,ȱ cleansingȱ nitrogenȱ outȱ ofȱ theirȱ bloodȬ ageryȱexpertsȱonȱtheȱground.ȱ streamsȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ protocolȱ toȱ preventȱ aȱ conditionȱ knownȱ asȱ theȱ “bends”ȱ whenȱ theyȱ Onceȱthatȱisȱcomplete,ȱKellyȱwillȱflyȱEndeavourȱ moveȱ outȱ intoȱ theȱ vacuumȱ ofȱ spaceȱ theȱ nextȱ toȱaȱpointȱaboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱ day.ȱTheyȱwillȱspendȱtheȱnightȱinȱQuestȱinȱtheȱ stationȱforȱtheȱlastȱminutesȱofȱtheȱapproachȱforȱ nowȱ familiarȱ “campout”ȱ thatȱ precedesȱ spaceȬ docking.ȱ Onceȱ theȱ twoȱ vehiclesȱ areȱ lockedȱ toȬ walksȱ thatȱ beginȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ getherȱ andȱ leakȱ checksȱ verifyȱ aȱ tightȱ sealȱ beȬ ment.
ȱ ScottȱKelly,ȱSTSȬ118ȱcommander,ȱparticipatesȱinȱaȱsimulationȱexerciseȱinȱtheȱmotionȬbaseȱshuttleȱ missionȱsimulatorȱinȱtheȱJakeȱGarnȱSimulationȱandȱTrainingȱFacilityȱatȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱ
8 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Onceȱthatȱisȱcomplete,ȱKellyȱwillȱflyȱEndeavourȱ Whileȱ S5ȱ spendsȱ theȱnightȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ toȱaȱpointȱaboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱ ofȱ Canadarm2,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ stationȱforȱtheȱlastȱminutesȱofȱtheȱapproachȱforȱ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ day’sȱ spacewalk,ȱ theȱ firstȱ docking.ȱ Onceȱ theȱ twoȱ vehiclesȱ areȱ lockedȱ toȬ forȱbothȱofȱ them.ȱTheyȱwillȱwearȱmasksȱinȱtheȱ getherȱ andȱ leakȱ checksȱ verifyȱ aȱ tightȱ sealȱ beȬ station’sȱQuestȱairlockȱtoȱprebreatheȱpureȱoxyȬ tweenȱ theȱ twoȱ craft,ȱ hatchesȱ willȱ beȱ opened.ȱ gen,ȱ cleansingȱ nitrogenȱ outȱ ofȱ theirȱ bloodȬ Hobaughȱ willȱ joinȱ Andersonȱ atȱ theȱ roboticsȱ streamsȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ protocolȱ toȱ preventȱ aȱ workstationȱinȱtheȱDestinyȱLaboratoryȱtoȱoperȬ conditionȱ knownȱ asȱ theȱ “bends”ȱ whenȱ theyȱ ateȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ roboticȱ arm.ȱ Theyȱ moveȱ outȱ intoȱ theȱ vacuumȱ ofȱ spaceȱ theȱ nextȱ willȱ acceptȱ theȱ handoffȱ ofȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ fromȱ day.ȱTheyȱwillȱspendȱtheȱnightȱinȱQuestȱinȱtheȱ CaldwellȱandȱMastracchioȱwhoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱ nowȱ familiarȱ “campout”ȱ thatȱ precedesȱ spaceȬ shuttle’sȱ robotȱ armȱ fromȱ theȱ aftȱ flightȱ deckȱ ofȱ walksȱ thatȱ beginȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ Endeavour.ȱ ment.
ȱ RickȱMastracchioȱdonsȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱofȱhisȱExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ(EMU)ȱspacesuitȱȱ priorȱtoȱbeingȱsubmergedȱinȱtheȱwatersȱofȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱȱ JohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱTracyȱCaldwellȱassistedȱMastracchio.ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 9
ȱ ȱ ȱ Onȱflightȱdayȱ4,ȱwhileȱMorganȱbeginsȱtransferȬ diatorȱ fromȱ theȱ P6ȱ truss.ȱ Thisȱ isȱ theȱ finalȱ stepȱ ringȱ cargoȱ fromȱ theȱ Spacehabȱ moduleȱ intoȱ theȱ towardȱthatȱtruss’ȱrelocationȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ120ȱ station,ȱ Hobaughȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ carefullyȱ missionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱTheȱradiatorȱwillȱbeȱtiedȱ maneuverȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ theȱ starȬ downȱbyȱMastracchioȱandȱWilliamsȱandȱwillȱbeȱ boardȱtrussȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱcomplex.ȱTheyȱwillȱ redeployedȱonȱSTSȬ120ȱonceȱtheȱP6ȱisȱattachedȱ useȱvisualȱcuesȱfromȱtheȱspacewalkersȱtoȱinstallȱ toȱtheȱP5ȱtrussȱonȱtheȱportȱsideȱofȱtheȱstation.ȱ theȱ S5ȱ toȱ theȱ recentlyȱ arrivedȱ S4ȱ solarȱ arrayȱ truss.ȱAȱseriesȱofȱboltsȱwillȱmechanicallyȱattachȱ Ifȱ missionȱ managersȱ determineȱ thatȱ additionalȱ theȱtwoȱtrussȱsegments.ȱAfterwardȱMastracchioȱ areasȱofȱEndeavour’sȱthermalȱprotectionȱsystemȱ andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ removeȱ launchȱ locksȱ fromȱ shouldȱbeȱinspected,ȱthisȱworkȱwouldȱoccurȱonȱ theȱnewȱtruss,ȱrelocateȱtheȱS5ȱgrappleȱfixtureȱtoȱ flightȱdayȱ5.ȱMorgan,ȱKellyȱandȱCaldwellȱwouldȱ theȱ truss’ȱ keelȱ andȱ connectȱ electricalȱ lines.ȱ Ifȱ takeȱ turnsȱ usingȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ roboticȱ armȱ andȱ timeȱpermits,ȱtheyȱwillȱtestȱaȱcaptureȱlatchȱtoȱbeȱ theȱ boomȱ sensorȱ systemȱ extensionȱ forȱ suchȱ aȱ usedȱ laterȱ whenȱ theȱ finalȱ starboardȱ trussȱ comȬ survey.ȱ Ifȱ noȱ “focused”ȱ inspectionȱ isȱ required,ȱ ponent,ȱtheȱS6,ȱisȱmatedȱoutboardȱtoȱtheȱS5.ȱ theȱ dayȱ willȱ beȱ spentȱ onȱ cargoȱ transfers.ȱ MasȬ tracchioȱandȱWilliamsȱwillȱmoveȱintoȱtheȱQuestȱ Theȱlastȱmajorȱtaskȱofȱtheȱfirstȱspacewalkȱwillȱbeȱ airlockȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱdayȱtoȱprepareȱforȱtheirȱ theȱ retractionȱ ofȱ theȱ forwardȱ heatȬrejectingȱ raȬ secondȱspacewalk.ȱ
ȱ DaveȱWilliams,ȱSTSȬ118ȱmissionȱspecialistȱrepresentingȱtheȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgency,ȱparticipatesȱȱ inȱanȱunderwaterȱsimulationȱofȱEVAȱinȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱJohnsonȱȱ SpaceȱCenter.ȱSCUBAȬequippedȱdiversȱareȱinȱtheȱwaterȱtoȱassistȱWilliamsȱinȱhisȱȱ rehearsal,ȱintendedȱtoȱhelpȱprepareȱhimȱforȱhisȱSTSȬ118ȱspacewalks.
10 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 6,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williams’ȱ porterȱrailȱcar.ȱThatȱwillȱclearȱtheȱportȱsideȱofȱtheȱ spacewalkȱwillȱbeȱdevotedȱtoȱtheȱreplacementȱofȱ trussȱ forȱ theȱ P6ȱ relocationȱ laterȱ thisȱ year.ȱ MasȬ CMGȬ3ȱthatȱwasȱremovedȱfromȱoperationalȱuseȱ tracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱretrieveȱaȱpairȱofȱ onȱOct.ȱ10,ȱ2006.ȱMastracchioȱandȱWilliamsȱwillȱ suitcaseȬsizeȱ experimentsȱ fromȱ temporaryȱ locaȬ removeȱ theȱ failedȱ CMGȱ fromȱ itsȱ slotȱ inȱ theȱ Z1ȱ tionsȱonȱtheȱQuestȱairlock.ȱTheȱexperimentsȱhaveȱ truss,ȱtemporarilyȱparkȱitȱonȱtheȱtruss,ȱandȱinstallȱ beenȱ collectingȱ dataȱ onȱ theȱ effectȱ ofȱ theȱ microȬ itsȱreplacement.ȱTheȱfailedȱCMGȱwillȱbeȱstowedȱ gravityȱ environmentȱ onȱ variousȱ materials.ȱ Theȱ onȱ anȱ externalȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ attachedȱ toȱ spacewalkȱ willȱ wrapȱ upȱ withȱ theȱ retrievalȱ ofȱ aȱ theȱQuestȱairlockȱandȱwillȱbeȱbroughtȱhomeȱonȱ transponderȱonȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱandȱtheȱengagementȱ theȱSTSȬ122ȱmissionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱCargoȱtransȬ ofȱgimbalȱlocksȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱtruss’ȱSȬbandȱantenna.ȱ ferȱwillȱcontinueȱduringȱtheȱspacewalk.ȱ Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 9,ȱ ifȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ notȱ extended,ȱ Onȱflightȱdayȱ7,ȱMorganȱandȱCaldwellȱwillȱbeȱatȱ theȱtwoȱcrewsȱwillȱcompleteȱfinalȱcargoȱtransfers,ȱ theȱcontrolsȱofȱtheȱshuttle’sȱroboticȱarmȱasȱtheyȱ conductȱaȱjointȱcrewȱnewsȱconferenceȱandȱenjoyȱ liftȱ theȱ thirdȱ Externalȱ Stowageȱ Platformȱ outȱ ofȱ aȱfewȱhoursȱofȱoffȬdutyȱtimeȱtogetherȱbeforeȱtheyȱ Endeavour’sȱcargoȱbayȱandȱhandȱitȱoverȱtoȱHoȬ sayȱfarewellȱandȱcloseȱhatchesȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱ baughȱandȱAnderson,ȱwhoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱstaȬ spacecraft.ȱ tion’sȱCanadarm2.ȱHobaughȱandȱAndersonȱwillȱ thenȱ installȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ ontoȱ aȱ cargoȱ attachmentȱ Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 10,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ beȱ atȱ theȱ aftȱ deviceȱonȱtheȱP3ȱtruss,ȱwhereȱcaptureȱboltsȱwillȱ flightȱdeckȱofȱEndeavourȱtoȱsuperviseȱtheȱshutȬ lockȱitȱdown.ȱ tle’sȱ undockingȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ aȱ flyaroundȱ ofȱ theȱ newlyȱ expandedȱ complex.ȱ Laterȱ inȱ theȱ day,ȱ Morganȱ willȱ conductȱ anȱ inȬ Onceȱ aȱ finalȱ engineȱ firingȱ sendsȱ Endeavourȱ flightȱ educationalȱ eventȱ withȱ studentsȱ gatheredȱ awayȱ fromȱ theȱ station,ȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ MastracȬ atȱ theȱ Discoveryȱ Centerȱ ofȱ Idahoȱ inȱ Boise,ȱ aȱ chioȱwillȱbeȱjoinedȱbyȱHobaughȱandȱMorganȱtoȱ 20Ȭminuteȱ interactiveȱ eventȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ proȬ conductȱaȱfinalȱ“late”ȱinspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱ gressȱofȱtheȱflight.ȱ wingsȱandȱnoseȱcapȱusingȱtheȱboomȱsensorȱsysȬ temȱ oneȱ lastȱ time.ȱ Thatȱ surveyȱ willȱ verifyȱ thatȱ Beforeȱ theȱ crewȱ goesȱ toȱ sleep,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ noȱmicrometeoroidȱdebrisȱdamageȱhasȱoccurredȱ Andersonȱ willȱ moveȱ intoȱ theȱ Questȱ airlockȱ toȱ duringȱtheȱflightȱtoȱpreventȱaȱsafeȱlanding.ȱ prepareȱforȱtheȱthirdȱspacewalkȱofȱtheȱmission.ȱ Onȱflightȱdayȱ11,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱprepareȱforȱlandȬ Onȱflightȱdayȱ8,ȱMastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱwillȱ ingȱ theȱ followingȱ dayȱ asȱ Kellyȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ performȱtheȱthirdȱspacewalkȱtoȱupgradeȱtheȱstaȬ conductȱtheȱtraditionalȱtestȱofȱEndeavour’sȱflightȱ tion’sȱSȬbandȱcommunicationȱsystem.ȱTheyȱwillȱ controlȱsurfacesȱandȱtheȱtestȬfiringȱ ofȱtheȱship’sȱ removeȱ theȱ SȬbandȱ antennaȱ fromȱ theȱ P6ȱ trussȱ 33ȱreactionȱcontrolȱsystemȱjetsȱtoȱinsureȱfullȱconȬ andȱrelocateȱitȱtoȱtheȱP1ȱtrussȱandȱinstallȱaȱnewȱ trollabilityȱ ofȱ Endeavourȱ duringȱ itsȱ highȬspeedȱ signalȱprocessorȱandȱtransponderȱforȱbetterȱperȬ returnȱtoȱEarth.ȱTheȱcrewȱwillȱpackȱupȱEndeavȬ formance.ȱ our,ȱcloseȱoutȱtheȱSpacehabȱmoduleȱandȱdeactiȬ MastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱmonitorȱtheȱ vateȱitsȱsystemsȱinȱadvanceȱofȱlanding.ȱ movementȱ ofȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ asȱ HoȬ Afterȱdeorbitȱpreparationsȱareȱcompleteȱandȱitsȱ baughȱandȱKotovȱuseȱitȱtoȱmoveȱtwoȱequipmentȱ cargoȱbayȱdoorsȱareȱclosed,ȱEndeavourȱwillȱreȬ cartsȱtoȱtheȱ starboardȱsideȱofȱ theȱ MobileȱTransȬ
JULY 2007 MISSION OVERVIEW 11
ȱ ȱ ȱ turnȱtoȱEarthȱonȱFlightȱDayȱ12,ȱglidingȱtoȱanȱafȬ Flightȱdayȱ11ȱ–ȱCargoȱtransferȱwork.ȱ ternoonȱlandingȱatȱtheȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱtoȱ completeȱtheȱsecondȱshuttleȱmissionȱofȱtheȱyear.ȱ Flightȱ dayȱ 12ȱ –ȱ Finalȱ cargoȱ transfers,ȱ aȱ thirdȱ Thisȱ willȱ markȱ theȱ firstȱ timeȱ thatȱ NASAȱ hasȱ educationalȱ inȬflightȱ eventȱ forȱ Morganȱ withȱ usedȱ aȱ threeȬstringȱ Globalȱ Positioningȱ Systemȱ studentsȱatȱtheȱRobertȱL.ȱFordȱNASAȱExplorerȱ toȱ giveȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ positionȱ duringȱ entryȱ andȱ SchoolȱinȱLynn,ȱMass.,ȱandȱfinalȱcrewȱfarewellsȱ landing.ȱ andȱhatchȱclosure.ȱ
Ifȱtheȱflightȱisȱextendedȱtoȱ14ȱdaysȱasȱisȱexpectedȱ Flightȱ dayȱ 13ȱ –ȱ Undocking,ȱ flyaround,ȱ finalȱ thanksȱ toȱ theȱ newȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ Powerȱ separationȱ andȱ lateȱ inspectionȱ ofȱ Endeavour’sȱ TransferȱSystem,ȱtheȱflightȱplanȱwillȱbeȱalteredȱ heatȱshield.ȱ slightlyȱafterȱflightȱdayȱ8:ȱ Flightȱdayȱ14ȱ–ȱFlightȱControlȱSystemȱcheckout,ȱ Flightȱ dayȱ 9ȱ –ȱ Cargoȱ transfers,ȱ crewȱ offȬdutyȱ reactionȱ controlȱ systemȱ hotȬfireȱ test,ȱ cargoȱ time,ȱ spacewalkȱ preparations,ȱ theȱ jointȱ crewȱ stowage.ȱ newsȱ conferenceȱ andȱ aȱ secondȱ Morganȱ educaȬ Flightȱ dayȱ 15ȱ –ȱ Deorbitȱ preparations,ȱ deorbitȱ tionalȱinȬflightȱeventȱwithȱstudentsȱatȱtheȱChalȬ engineȱ firing,ȱ landingȱ atȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ lengerȱ Centerȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Scienceȱ Educationȱ inȱ Center.ȱ Alexandria,ȱVa.ȱ
Flightȱ dayȱ 10ȱ –ȱ Fourthȱ spacewalkȱ byȱ Williamsȱ andȱAndersonȱtoȱinstallȱaȱmountingȱbracketȱonȱ twoȱtrunnionsȱonȱtheȱzenithȱsideȱofȱtheȱS1ȱtruss.ȱ Thisȱwillȱenableȱtheȱboomȱsensorȱsystemȱtoȱbeȱ leftȱ onȱ theȱ stationȱ onȱ aȱ laterȱ missionȱ whenȱ itȱ cannotȱ fitȱ onȱ theȱ starboardȱ sillȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ payloadȱbayȱforȱtheȱflightȱtoȱdeliverȱtheȱ“Kibo”ȱ pressurizedȱscienceȱmoduleȱtoȱtheȱstation.ȱWilȬ liamsȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱinstallȱtwoȱwireȬ lessȱ instrumentationȱ antennasȱ onȱ theȱ Destinyȱ Lab,ȱretrieveȱaȱfailedȱGlobalȱPositioningȱSystemȱ ȱ antennaȱfromȱtheȱS0ȱtruss,ȱinstallȱwirelessȱvideoȱ CharlieȱHobaugh,ȱSTSȬ118ȱpilot,ȱtakesȱpartȱinȱ systemȱ equipmentȱ onȱ theȱ S3ȱ truss,ȱ relocateȱ aȱ aȱsimulationȱatȱJSC’sȱJakeȱGarnȱSimulationȱ toolȱbagȱfromȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱtoȱDestinyȱandȱperȬ andȱTrainingȱFacility.ȱ manentlyȱ secureȱ protectiveȱ debrisȱ shieldsȱ onȱ DestinyȱandȱtheȱUnityȱconnectingȱnodeȱthatȱareȱ temporarilyȱtiedȱdown.ȱ
ȱ
12 MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ TIMELINE OVERVIEW ȱ NOTE x RendezvousȱPitchȱManeuverȱ
Theȱmissionȱisȱbaselinedȱasȱanȱ11Ȭdayȱflightȱ x DockingȱtoȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ spanningȱ12ȱflightȱdays.ȱAfterȱtheȱnewȱStaȬ x HatchȱOpeningȱandȱWelcomingȱCeremonyȱ tionȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ(SSPTS)ȱ isȱactivatedȱandȱcheckedȱout,ȱtheȱflightȱwillȱbeȱ x ShuttleȱRoboticȱArmȱGrappleȱandȱUnberthȱ extendedȱtoȱ14ȱdaysȱwithȱlandingȱonȱflightȱdayȱ ofȱS5ȱTrussȱ 15.ȱTheȱfirstȱeightȱflightȱdaysȱofȱtheȱmissionȱwillȱ beȱidenticalȱwithȱorȱwithoutȱanȱextension.ȱThisȱ x HandoffȱofȱS5ȱTrussȱtoȱStationȱRoboticȱArmȱ timelineȱreflectsȱhowȱtheȱmissionȱchangesȱwithȱ (Canadarm2)ȱ anȱextension.ȱ x StationȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ 11-DAY MISSION (SSPTS)ȱActivationȱandȱCheckoutȱ Flight Day 1 x EVAȱ1ȱCampoutȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams)ȱ Flight Day 4 x Launchȱ x SSPTSȱDeactivationȱPriorȱtoȱEVAȱ1ȱ x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱOpeningȱ x S5ȱInstallationȱtoȱS4ȱTrussȱSegmentȱ x SpacehabȱActivationȱ x ExtravehicularȱActivityȱ(EVA)ȱ1ȱ x ShuttleȱRobotȱArmȱPowerȱUpȱ (MastracchioȱandȱWilliams;ȱS5ȱInstallation,ȱ x ExternalȱTankȱVideoȱandȱStillȱPhotographyȱ P6ȱTrussȱForwardȱRadiatorȱRetraction)ȱ Downlinkȱ x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ Flight Day 2 x SSPTSȱReactivationȱAfterȱEVAȱ1ȱ x OrbiterȱBoomȱSensorȱSystemȱ(OBSS)ȱSurveyȱ Flight Day 5 ofȱShuttleȱWingsȱandȱNoseȱCapȱ x Canadarm2ȱGrappleȱofȱBoomȱSensorȱ x SpacesuitȱCheckoutȱ SystemȱforȱFocusedȱInspectionȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ x ShuttleȱRoboticȱArmȱCheckoutȱofȱShuttle’sȱ x FocusedȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱThermalȱ OrbitalȱManeuveringȱSystemȱPodsȱ HeatȱShieldȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ x OrbiterȱDockingȱSystemȱCheckoutȱandȱRingȱ x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ Extensionȱ x EVAȱ2ȱCampoutȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams)ȱ x RendezvousȱToolȱCheckoutȱ Flight Day 3 x PerformȱEPOȱKitȬCȱvideoȱ x RendezvousȱOperationsȱ
JULY 2007 TIMELINE OVERVIEW 13
ȱ ȱ ȱ Flight Day 6 x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ x EVAȱ2ȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams;ȱControlȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ MomentȱGyroscopeȬ3ȱReplacementȱonȱZ1ȱ Truss)ȱ x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ Flight Day 9 x DeactivateȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ (ESPȬ3)ȱPowerȱConnection.ȱ x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ
Flight Day 7 x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ x ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱUnberthȱfromȱ x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ Endeavour’sȱPayloadȱBayȱandȱInstallationȱ onȱP3ȱTrussȱ Flight Day 10 x DestinyȱLabȱWindowȱScratchȱPaneȱ x FinalȱSSPTSȱDeactivationȱ(forȱanȱ11Ȭdayȱ Replacementȱ mission)ȱ x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x UndockingȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱ StationȱandȱFlyaroundȱ x EducationalȱEventȱ x FinalȱSeparationȱManeuverȱ x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ x LateȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱWingsȱandȱ x EVAȱ3ȱCampoutȱ(Mastracchioȱandȱ NoseȱCapȱ Anderson)ȱ Flight Day 11 Flight Day 8 x CabinȱStowageȱ x EVAȱ3ȱ(MastracchioȱandȱAnderson;ȱP6ȱSȬ BandȱAntennaȱSubassemblyȱRelocationȱtoȱ x FlightȱControlȱSystemȱCheckoutȱ P1ȱTruss,ȱP1ȱTrussȱBasebandȱSignalȱ x ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱHotȬFireȱTestȱ ProcessorȱandȱtransponderȱInstallation,ȱ Canadarm2ȱrelocationȱofȱtwoȱCrewȱandȱ x DeorbitȱProceduresȱReviewȱ EquipmentȱTranslationȱAidȱ(CETA)ȱcartsȱtoȱ starboardȱtrussȱforȱP6ȱRelocationȱclearance,ȱ x KuȬBandȱAntennaȱStowageȱ retrieveȱtheȱP6ȱtransponder,ȱengageȱtheȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ gimbalȱlocksȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱSȬbandȱAntennaȱ Subassembly,ȱretrieveȱMaterialsȱonȱtheȱ x CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱPAOȱEventȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱExperimentȱ x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ (MISSE)ȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱpayloadȱpackages)ȱ Flight Day 12 x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsFlightȱDayȱ9ȱ x DeorbitȱPreparationsȱ x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱClosingȱ
14 TIMELINE OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ x DeorbitȱBurnȱ Flight Day 12 x KSCȱLandingȱ x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ 14-DAY MISSION x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ (First eight days are the same as the x EducationalȱEventȱ 11-day mission) Flight Day 9 x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ Flight Day 13 x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x FinalȱSSPTSȱDeactivationȱ x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ x UndockingȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ StationȱandȱFlyaroundȱ x EVAȱ4ȱCampoutȱ(WilliamsȱandȱAnderson)ȱ x FinalȱSeparationȱManeuverȱ x EducationalȱEventȱ x LateȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱWingsȱandȱ Flight Day 10 NoseȱCapȱ x EVAȱ4ȱ(WilliamsȱandȱAnderson;ȱSecureȱ Flight Day 14 Lab1ȱC2Ȭ03ȱandȱNod1ȱC2Ȭ02ȱMMODȱ x CabinȱStowageȱ Shields,ȱverifyȱintegrityȱofȱremainingȱP6ȱ radiatorȱpushȱinȱpullȱ(PiP)ȱpinsȱalongȱ x FlightȱControlȱSystemȱCheckoutȱ translationȱpaths,ȱinstallȱEWISȱantennasȱ(2)ȱ onȱLab,ȱinstallȱOBSSȱberthingȱsupportȱ x ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱHotȬFireȱTestȱ equipmentȱonȱS1ȱTrussȱzenithȱtrunnions,ȱ x StowȱCabinȱandȱPrepareȱSpacehabȱforȱEntryȱ installȱwirelessȱTVȱequipmentȱonȱS3ȱCameraȱ Portȱ1,ȱotherȱgetȬaheadȱtasks)ȱ x DeorbitȱProceduresȱReviewȱ x PerformȱCycleȱErgometerȱwithȱVibrationȱ x KuȬBandȱAntennaȱStowageȱ IsolationȱandȱStabilizationȱ(CEVIS)ȱRemoveȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ andȱReplaceȱ x CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱPAOȱEventȱ x PerformȱTreadmillȱVibrationȱIsolationȱ Systemȱ(TVIS)ȱSkirtȱRemoveȱandȱReplaceȱ Flight Day 15
Flight Day 11 x DeorbitȱPreparationsȱ x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱClosingȱ x PerformȱDAUIȱTroubleshootingȱandȱ x DeorbitȱBurnȱ Replaceȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ x KSCȱLandingȱ x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ x EducationalȱEventȱ
JULY 2007 TIMELINE OVERVIEW 15
ȱ ȱ ȱ
Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
16 MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ MISSION PROFILE ȱ CREW Space Shuttle Main Engines:
Commander:ȱ ScottȱKellyȱ SSMEȱ1:ȱ 2047ȱ Pilot:ȱ CharlieȱHobaughȱ SSMEȱ2:ȱ 2051ȱ MissionȱSpecialistȱ1:ȱ TracyȱCaldwellȱ SSMEȱ3:ȱ 2045ȱ MissionȱSpecialistȱ2:ȱ RickȱMastracchioȱ ExternalȱTank:ȱ ETȬ117ȱ MissionȱSpecialistȱ3:ȱ DaveȱWilliamsȱ SRBȱSet:ȱ BIȬ130ȱ MissionȱSpecialistȱ4:ȱ BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱ RSRMȱSet:ȱ 97ȱ MissionȱSpecialistȱ5:ȱ AlvinȱDrewȱ SHUTTLE ABORTS LAUNCH Abort Landing Sites Orbiter:ȱ Endeavourȱ(OVȬ105)ȱ RTLS:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱShuttleȱ LaunchȱSite:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ LandingȱFacilityȱ LaunchȱPadȱ39Aȱ TAL:ȱ Primaryȱ–ȱZaragoza,ȱSpain.ȱȱ LaunchȱDate:ȱ NoȱearlierȱthanȱAug.ȱ7,ȱ Alternatesȱ–ȱMoron,ȱSpainȱandȱ 2007ȱ Istres,ȱFranceȱ LaunchȱTime:ȱ 7:02ȱp.m.ȱEDTȱ(Preferredȱ AOA:ȱ Primaryȱ–ȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ InȬPlaneȱlaunchȱtimeȱforȱ ShuttleȱLandingȱFacility;ȱȱ 8/7)ȱ Alternateȱ–ȱWhiteȱSandsȱSpaceȱ LaunchȱWindow:ȱ 5ȱMinutesȱ Harborȱ Altitude:ȱ 122ȱNauticalȱMilesȱ(140ȱ Miles)ȱOrbitalȱInsertion;ȱ Landing 184ȱNMȱ(212ȱMiles)ȱ LandingȱDate:ȱ NoȱearlierȱthanȱAug.ȱ18,ȱ Rendezvousȱ ȱ Inclination:ȱ 51.6ȱDegreesȱ 2007 LandingȱTime:ȱ 2:29ȱp.m.ȱEDTȱ Duration:ȱ 10ȱDays,ȱ19ȱHours,ȱ PrimaryȱlandingȱSite:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ 27ȱMinutesȱ ShuttleȱLandingȱFacilityȱ VEHICLE DATA PAYLOADS ShuttleȱLiftoffȱWeight:ȱ 4,520,773ȱ IntegratedȱTrussȱSegmentȱ(ITS)ȱȬȱStarboardȱ5ȱ(S5) poundsȱ Orbiter/PayloadȱLiftoffȱWeight:ȱ 268,574ȱ poundsȱ Orbiter/PayloadȱLandingȱWeight:ȱ 222,398ȱ poundsȱ SoftwareȱVersion:ȱ OIȬ30ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION PROFILE 17
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18 MISSION PROFILE JULY2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ MISSION PRIORITIES ȱ 1.ȱ Installȱintegratedȱtrussȱsegmentȱ(ITS)ȱS5ȱtoȱ 15.ȱ SecureȱNodeȱ1ȱMMODȱShieldȱNod1ȱC2Ȭ02ȱ ITSȱS4ȱ 16.ȱ VerifyȱintegrityȱofȱsuspectȱP6ȱradiatorȱpushȱ 2.ȱ Transferȱwaterȱandȱtransferȱandȱstowȱ inȱpullȱpinsȱalongȱtranslationȱpathsȱ criticalȱcargoȱitemsȱ 17.ȱ Transferȱremainingȱcargoȱitemsȱperȱ13A.1ȱ 3.ȱ DeployȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ TransferȱPriorityȱListȱ (ESPȬ3)ȱfromȱpayloadȱbayȱandȱstowȱitȱonȱP3ȱ 18.ȱ TransferȱnitrogenȱfromȱshuttleȱtoȱISSȱ 4.ȱ DisconnectȱESPȬ3ȱLTAȱheaterȱpowerȱandȱ AirlockȱHighȱPressureȱGasȱTanksȱ(HPGT)ȱ reconfigureȱforȱPDUȱpowerȱ 19.ȱ Performȱdailyȱstationȱpayloadȱstatusȱchecksȱ 5.ȱ Transferȱmissionȱsuccessȱcargoȱitemsȱ 20.ȱ Performȱdailyȱmiddeckȱactivitiesȱtoȱsupportȱ 6.ȱ PerformȱPortȱSȬbandȱcommunicationsȱ payloadsȱ systemȱupgradeȱ 21.ȱ Theȱfollowingȱtasks,ȱinȱpriority,ȱfitȱwithinȱ 7.ȱ RelocateȱtwoȱCrewȱandȱEquipmentȱ existingȱspacewalks:ȱ TranslationȱAidȱ(CETA)ȱcartsȱtoȱtheȱ starboardȱsideȱinȱpreparationȱforȱP6ȱ (a)ȱ InstallȱEWISȱantennasȱ(2)ȱonȱDestinyȱ relocationȱ Labȱ
8.ȱ CinchȱtheȱP6ȱphotovoltaicȱthermalȱcontrolȱ (b)ȱ InstallȱOBSSȱonȱtheȱ2ȱS1ȱzenithȱ systemȱforwardȱphotovoltaicȱradiatorȱ trunnionsȱ
9.ȱ TransferȱControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ (c)ȱ RetrieveȱfailedȱGPSȱantennaȱassemblyȱ (CMG)ȱorbitalȱreplacementȱunitȱandȱflightȱ No.ȱ4ȱandȱinstallȱcapsȱ supportȱequipmentȱfromȱESPȬ3ȱtoȱESPȬ2ȱ (d)ȱ RelocateȱP6ȱauxiliaryȱtoolsȱbagsȱ 10.ȱ EngageȱZ1ȱSȬbandȱantennaȱstructuralȱ (e)ȱ InstallȱWirelessȱVideoȱSystemȱExternalȱ assemblyȱ(SASA)ȱgimbalȱlocksȱ TransceiverȱAssemblyȱ(WETA)ȱNo.ȱ3ȱ 11.ȱ RetrieveȱtheȱP6ȱtransponderȱ onȱcoldȱplateȱ(CP)ȱ1ȱ
12.ȱ PerformȱremoveȱandȱreplaceȱCMGȬ3ȱandȱ 22.ȱ Performȱtheȱintravehicularȱtasksȱ stowȱfailedȱCMGȱonȱESPȬ2ȱ (a)ȱ PerformȱtroubleȬshootingȱofȱDockedȱ 13.ȱ Retrieveȱmaterialsȱinternationalȱspaceȱ AudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ(DAUI)ȱandȱ stationȱexperimentȱ(MISSE)ȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱ replace,ȱifȱneededȱ
14.ȱ SecureȱLabȱMMODȱShieldȱLab1ȱC2Ȭ03ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION PRIORITIES 19
ȱ ȱ ȱ (b)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱCycleȱErgometerȱ (e)ȱ TorqueȱCMGȱFSEȱShimȱboltsȱtoȱfinalȱ withȱVibrationȱIsolationȱandȱ preȬloadȱ Stabilizationȱ(CEVIS)ȱ (f)ȱ DeployȱS3ȱUpperȱOutboardȱPASȱandȱS3ȱ (c)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱDestinyȱLabȱ UpperȱInboardȱPASȱ windowȱscratchȱpaneȱ (g)ȱ DeployȱP3ȱnadirȱUnpressurizedȱCargoȱ (d)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱTVISȱSkirtȱ CarriersȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ(UCCAS)ȱ
23.ȱ PerformȱDetailedȱTestȱObjectiveȱ853ȱ (h)ȱ Retrieveȱ3/8”ȱDriveȱRatchesȱSNȱ1011ȱ&ȱ InȬflightȱevaluationȱforȱareasȱofȱCO2ȱ 1012ȱfromȱtheȱETSDȱboxesȱforȱIVAȱ concentrationȱ inspectionȱ
24.ȱ PerformȱISSȱpayloadȱresearchȱoperationȱ (i)ȱ ReturnȱGeneralȱPurposeȱCutterȱtoȱA/Lȱ tasksȱ Toolboxȱ#2ȱ(Ȭ303ȱversion)ȱ
(a)ȱ ActivateȱCGBAȬ5ȱforȱCSIȬ02ȱspecimenȱ (j)ȱ InstallȱS1ȬS3ȱAmmoniaȱFluidȱLinesȱ conditioningȱ (k)ȱ InstallȱP1ȬP3ȱAmmoniaȱFluidȱLinesȱ 25.ȱ Performȱimageryȱsurveyȱofȱstationȱduringȱ flyaroundȱ (l)ȱ CloseȱP1ȱRadiatorȱBeamȱValveȱModuleȱ (RBVM)ȱThermalȱBootieȱF151ȱ 26.ȱ Performȱpayloadȱoperationsȱtoȱsupportȱ MAUIȱandȱRAMBOȱ(payloadȱofȱ 28.ȱ Reboostȱtheȱstationȱwithȱtheȱshuttle,ȱifȱ opportunityȬundockȱops)ȱ missionȱresourcesȱallowȱandȱareȱconsistentȱ withȱISSȱtrajectoryȱanalysisȱandȱplanningȱ 27.ȱ PerformȱspacewalkȱgetȬaheadȱtasks,ȱifȱ possibleȱ 29.ȱ Transferȱoxygenȱfromȱtheȱshuttleȱtoȱtheȱ station,ȱasȱconsumablesȱallowȱ (a)ȱ ConnectȱS5ȱtoȱS4ȱumbilicalsȱ 30.ȱ PerformȱSDTOȱ13005ȬUȱ (b)ȱ RemoveȱS5ȱtoȱS6ȱRTASȱLLȱ (a)ȱ Shuttleȱdockingȱ (c)ȱ OpenȱtheȱS5ȱRTASȱCaptureȱLatchȱ Assemblyȱ(CLA)ȱ (b)ȱ Stationȱreboostȱ
(d)ȱ ReleaseȱNodeȱ2ȱEATCSȱLoopȱAȱandȱBȱ (c)ȱ Shuttleȱundockingȱ FluidȱTrayȱBoltsȱ(1Ȭ6,ȱ8,9,11ȱ&ȱ12)ȱ (d)ȱ S5ȱinstallȱ
ȱ
20 MISSION PRIORITIES JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ MISSION PERSONNEL
KEY CONSOLE POSITIONS FOR STS-118
ȱ Flt.ȱDirectorȱ CAPCOMȱ PAOȱ
Ascentȱ SteveȱStichȱ ChrisȱFergusonȱ RobȱNaviasȱ JimȱDuttonȱ(Weather)ȱ
Orbitȱ1ȱ(Lead)ȱ MattȱAbbottȱ SteveȱRobinsonȱ RobȱNaviasȱ(Lead)ȱ
Orbitȱ2ȱ RichardȱJonesȱ ShaneȱKimbroughȱ KyleȱHerringȱ MikeȱSarafinȱ
Planningȱ MikeȱMosesȱ ShannonȱLucidȱ JohnȱIraȱPettyȱ PaulȱDyeȱ
Entryȱ SteveȱStichȱ ChrisȱFergusonȱ KylieȱClemȱ JimȱDuttonȱ(Weather)ȱ
ShuttleȱTeamȱ4ȱ RickȱLaBrodeȱ N/Aȱ N/Aȱ
ISSȱOrbitȱ1ȱ KwatsiȱAlibaruhoȱ TonyȱAntonelliȱ N/Aȱ
ISSȱOrbitȱ2ȱ(Lead)ȱ JoelȱMontalbanoȱ ShannonȱWalkerȱ N/Aȱ
ISSȱOrbitȱ3ȱ GingerȱKerrickȱ LuciaȱMcCulloughȱ N/Aȱ
StationȱTeamȱ4ȱ DerekȱHassmannȱ N/Aȱ N/Aȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱ JSCȱPAOȱRepresentativeȱatȱKSCȱforȱLaunchȱ–ȱNicoleȱCloutierȬLemastersȱ KSCȱLaunchȱCommentatorȱ–ȱMikeȱCurieȱ(Fueling),ȱGeorgeȱDillerȱ(Launch)ȱ KSCȱLaunchȱDirectorȱ–ȱMikeȱLeinbachȱ NASAȱLaunchȱTestȱDirectorȱ–ȱJeffȱSpaulding
JULY 2007 MISSION PERSONNEL 21
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22 MISSION PERSONNEL JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES ȱ
ȱ SpaceȱshuttleȱEndeavourȱisȱmomentsȱawayȱfromȱtouchȱdownȱonȱrunwayȱ33ȱatȱtheȱShuttleȱȱ LandingȱFacilityȱonȱDec.ȱ7,ȱ2002,ȱbringingȱtoȱaȱcloseȱtheȱ13Ȭday,ȱ18Ȭhour,ȱ48Ȭminute,ȱȱ 5.74ȬmillionȱmileȱSTSȬ113ȱmissionȱtoȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStation.ȱ ȱ Endeavour (OV-105) Horizontal Processing
STSȬ113ȱLandingȱ12/7/02ȱ
SpaceȱShuttleȱProgramȱApprovalȱforȱOrbiterȱMajorȱModificationȱ6/16/03ȱ
OrbiterȱMajorȱModificationȱStartȱDateȱ12/1/03ȱ
OrbiterȱPowerȱUpȱ9/27/05ȱ
RolloverȱtoȱVehicleȱAssemblyȱBuildingȱ7/2/07ȱ
OrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱProcessingȱ–ȱ1,665ȱdaysȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION MILESTONES 23
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ WorkersȱinȱtheȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱprepareȱtoȱremoveȱoneȱofȱtwoȱOrbiterȱManeuveringȱ Systemȱ(OMS)ȱpodsȱfromȱEndeavourȱduringȱitsȱOrbiterȱMajorȱModification.ȱTheȱOMSȱpodsȱareȱ attachedȱtoȱtheȱupperȱaftȱfuselageȱleftȱandȱrightȱsides. External Tank/Solid Rocket Booster Processing
SolidȱRocketȱBoosterȱStartȱStackȱ5/23/07ȱ
ET/SRBȱMateȱ6/17/07ȱ
24 MISSION MILESTONES JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ WorkstandsȱatȱvariousȱlevelsȱsurroundȱtheȱshuttleȱEndeavourȱinȱtheȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱ (OPF).ȱTheȱOPFȱprovidesȱpostflightȱservicingȱandȱcheckout,ȱasȱwellȱasȱvehicleȱmodifications.ȱ Integrated Processing
Orbiter/ETȱmateȱ7/2/07ȱ
PayloadȱDeliveryȱtoȱLaunchȱPadȱ(39A)ȱ7/09/07ȱ
RolloutȱtoȱLaunchȱPadȱ(39A)ȱ7/11/07ȱ
TerminalȱCountdownȱDemonstrationȱTestȱ7/19/07ȱ
STSȬ118ȱLaunchȱ8/7/07ȱ
JULY 2007 MISSION MILESTONES 25
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ȱ InȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱbayȱ2,ȱUnitedȱSpaceȱAllianceȱtechnicianȱLoraleeȱWoodburyȱmonitorsȱ theȱlightedȱdisplayȱinȱspaceȱshuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱcockpitȱafterȱfullȱpowerȱupȱinȱSeptemberȱ2005,ȱtheȱ firstȱtimeȱtheȱorbiterȱhadȱbeenȱpoweredȱupȱafterȱnearlyȱtwoȱyears. Orbiter Maintenance and Modification Period
ModificationsȱȬ194ȱcompletedȱ
MissionȱActionȱRequestsȱ(Chits)ȱȬȱ205ȱcompletedȱ
OperationalȱMaintenanceȱRequirementsȱandȱSpecificationsȱ(OMRS)ȱȬ13156ȱcompletedȱtoȱdateȱ
IntensiveȱStructuralȱandȱWireȱInspectionsȱ
26 MISSION MILESTONES JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW ȱ
ȱ ȱ TheȱSTSȬ118ȱpatchȱrepresentsȱSpaceȱShuttleȱEnȬ Onȱ theȱ patch,ȱ theȱ topȱ ofȱ theȱ goldȱ astronautȱ deavourȱonȱitsȱmissionȱtoȱhelpȱcompleteȱtheȱasȬ symbolȱ overlaysȱ theȱ starboardȱ SȬ5ȱ trussȱ segȬ semblyȱofȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ(ISS),ȱ ment,ȱ highlightingȱ itsȱ installationȱ duringȱ theȱ andȱ symbolizesȱ theȱ pursuitȱ ofȱ knowledgeȱ mission.ȱTheȱflameȱofȱknowledgeȱrepresentsȱtheȱ throughȱ spaceȱ exploration.ȱ Theȱ flightȱ willȱ acȬ importanceȱ ofȱ education,ȱ andȱ honorsȱ teachersȱ complishȱitsȱISSȱ13A.1ȱassemblyȱtasksȱthroughȱaȱ andȱstudentsȱeverywhere.ȱTheȱsevenȱwhiteȱstarsȱ seriesȱ ofȱ spacewalks,ȱ roboticȱ operations,ȱ logisȬ andȱ theȱ redȱ mapleȱ leafȱ signifyȱ theȱ Americanȱ ticsȱ transfers,ȱ andȱ theȱ exchangeȱ ofȱ oneȱ ofȱ theȱ andȱCanadianȱcrewȱmembers,ȱrespectively,ȱflyȬ threeȱ longȬdurationȱ expeditionȱ crewȱ members.ȱ ingȱaboardȱEndeavour.ȱ
JULY 2007 CREW 27
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ȱ TheseȱsevenȱastronautsȱtakeȱaȱbreakȱfromȱtrainingȱtoȱposeȱforȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱcrewȱportrait.ȱPicturedȱ fromȱtheȱleftȱareȱastronautsȱRickȱMastracchio,ȱmissionȱspecialist;ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorgan,ȱmissionȱ specialist;ȱCharlieȱHobaugh,ȱpilot;ȱScottȱKelly,ȱcommander;ȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱCanadianȱSpaceȱ AgencyȇsȱDaveȱWilliams,ȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱallȱmissionȱspecialists.ȱTheȱcrewmembersȱareȱȱ attiredȱinȱtrainingȱversionsȱofȱtheirȱshuttleȱlaunchȱandȱentryȱsuits.ȱ
ȱ
28 CREW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ STS-118 CREW BIOGRAPHIES
ȱ ScottȱKelly
AȱcommanderȱinȱtheȱU.S.ȱNavy,ȱScottȱKellyȱwillȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ heatȱ shieldȱ asȱ Endeavourȱ apȬ leadȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱcrewȱonȱitsȱmissionȱtoȱtheȱInȬ proachesȱtheȱstation.ȱHeȱalsoȱwillȱflyȱtheȱshuttleȱ ternationalȱ Spaceȱ Station.ȱ Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ secȬ duringȱtheȱactualȱdockingȱandȱtheȱlandingȱbackȱ ondȱspaceflightȱforȱKelly,ȱwhoȱhasȱ191ȱhoursȱofȱ onȱEarth.ȱ spaceflightȱexperienceȱafterȱservingȱasȱtheȱpilotȱ forȱ STSȬ103ȱ inȱ 1999,ȱ aȱ missionȱ toȱ theȱ Hubbleȱ Kellyȱwasȱselectedȱasȱanȱastronautȱcandidateȱinȱ SpaceȱTelescope.ȱ Aprilȱ 1996,ȱ andȱ hasȱ heldȱ manyȱ technicalȱ posiȬ tionsȱ inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Office.ȱ Theseȱ includeȱ Kellyȱ willȱ beȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ executionȱ ofȱ servingȱasȱNASA’sȱdirectorȱofȱoperationsȱinȱStarȱ theȱ missionȱ andȱ overseeȱ allȱ crewȱ andȱ vehicleȱ City,ȱ Russia,ȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ activities.ȱ Asȱ commander,ȱ heȱ willȱ flyȱ EndeavȬ BranchȱchiefȱandȱbackȬupȱcrewȱmemberȱforȱtheȱ ourȱ duringȱ theȱ rendezvousȱ pitchȱ maneuver,ȱ aȱ stationȇsȱExpeditionȱ5ȱmission.ȱ flipȱthatȱallowsȱtheȱstationȱcrewȱtoȱphotographȱ
JULY 2007 CREW 29
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ȱ CharlieȱHobaughȱ
Joiningȱ Kellyȱ inȱ Endeavour’sȱ cockpitȱ willȱ beȱ HobaughȱjoinedȱNASAȱinȱAprilȱ1996.ȱAfterȱhisȱ CharlieȱHobaugh,ȱservingȱasȱtheȱpilot.ȱThisȱalsoȱ initialȱastronautȱtraining,ȱheȱworkedȱinȱtheȱAsȬ willȱbeȱHobaugh’sȱsecondȱspaceflight.ȱHisȱfirstȱ tronautȱ Officeȱ Spacecraftȱ Systems/Operationsȱ wasȱSTSȬ104ȱinȱ2001,ȱduringȱwhichȱheȱacquiredȱ Branch,ȱwhereȱheȱworkedȱonȱprojectsȱincludingȱ 306ȱ hoursȱ andȱ 35ȱ minutesȱ inȱ space.ȱ Hisȱ rolesȱ theȱlandingȱandȱrolloutȱevaluatorȱinȱtheȱShuttleȱ throughoutȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ includeȱ unȬ Avionicsȱ Integrationȱ Laboratory,ȱ Advancedȱ dockingȱtheȱshuttleȱfromȱtheȱstationȱandȱoperatȬ Projects,ȱ Multifunctionȱ Electronicsȱ Displayȱ EnȬ ingȱtheȱstationȇsȱroboticȱarm.ȱ hancements,ȱ Advancedȱ Cockpitȱ andȱ Cockpitȱ Upgrade,ȱ Rendezvousȱ andȱ Closeȱ Proximityȱ Aȱ lieutenantȱ colonelȱ inȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Marineȱ Corps,ȱ Operationsȱ andȱ Visitingȱ Vehicles.ȱ Heȱ alsoȱ reȬ Hobaughȱ hasȱ moreȱ thanȱ 3,000ȱ flightȱ hoursȱ inȱ centlyȱ servedȱ asȱ capsuleȱ communicator,ȱ workȬ moreȱthanȱ40ȱdifferentȱaircraft.ȱ ingȱinȱtheȱMissionȱControlȱCenter.ȱ
30 CREW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ TracyȱCaldwellȱ
Tracyȱ Caldwell,ȱ whoȱ holdsȱ aȱ doctorateȱ inȱ Caldwellȱ hasȱ doneȱ manyȱ otherȱ jobsȱ inȱ theȱ AsȬ physicalȱ chemistry,ȱ willȱ serveȱ asȱ missionȱ speȬ tronautȱ Office,ȱ suchȱ asȱ conductingȱ testingȱ andȱ cialistȱ1ȱforȱherȱfirstȱspaceflightȱsinceȱherȱselecȬ integrationȱ ofȱ Russianȱ hardwareȱ andȱ softwareȱ tionȱ inȱ 1998.ȱ Sheȱ willȱ joinȱ Kellyȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ andȱ flightȱ softwareȱ verificationȱ inȱ theȱ Shuttleȱ onȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱtheȱascent,ȱsinceȱherȱmisȬ Avionicsȱ Integrationȱ Laboratoryȱ (SAIL).ȱ Sheȱ sionȱresponsibilitiesȱstartȱpromptlyȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ servedȱasȱaȱcrewȱsupportȱastronautȱforȱtheȱExȬ Sheȱ willȱ filmȱ theȱ jettisonȱ ofȱ theȱ externalȱ fuelȱ peditionȱ5ȱcrewȱandȱasȱaȱspacecraftȱcommunicaȬ tankȱ approximatelyȱ eightȱ minutesȱ intoȱ theȱ torȱinȱMissionȱControl.ȱSheȱalsoȱhasȱsupportedȱ flight.ȱ Caldwellȱ alsoȱ willȱ operateȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ launchȱandȱlandingȱoperationsȱatȱNASAȇsȱKenȬ roboticȱarmȱtoȱinspectȱEndeavourȇsȱthermalȱtilesȱ nedyȱSpaceȱCenter,ȱFla.ȱ andȱ serveȱ asȱ theȱ intravehicularȱ officerȱ duringȱ theȱmissionȇsȱspacewalks.ȱ Caldwellȱisȱaȱprivateȱpilotȱandȱconversationalȱinȱ AmericanȱSignȱLanguageȱ(ASL)ȱandȱRussian.ȱ
JULY 2007 CREW 31
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ RickȱMastracchioȱ
Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ secondȱ tripȱ toȱ spaceȱ forȱ Rickȱ He’llȱjoinȱfellowȱspacewalkerȱDaveȱWilliamsȱtoȱ Mastracchio,ȱwhoȱwillȱserveȱasȱmissionȱspecialȬ installȱ aȱ newȱ segmentȱ onȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ trussȱ orȱ istȱ 2.ȱ Heȱ servedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ onȱ backbone.ȱ STSȬ106ȱ Atlantisȱ inȱ 2000,ȱ aȱ 12Ȭdayȱ missionȱ toȱ prepareȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ forȱ theȱ Mastracchioȱ joinedȱ NASAȱ inȱ 1990ȱ asȱ anȱ engiȬ arrivalȱofȱtheȱfirstȱpermanentȱcrew.ȱ neerȱinȱtheȱFlightȱCrewȱOperationsȱDirectorateȱ andȱ laterȱ workedȱ asȱ anȱ ascent/entryȱ guidanceȱ Mastracchioȱwillȱbeȱseatedȱonȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱ andȱproceduresȱofficerȱinȱMissionȱControl,ȱsupȬ bothȱtheȱlaunchȱandȱlanding.ȱHisȱprimaryȱtaskȱ portingȱ 17ȱ shuttleȱ missionsȱ asȱ aȱ flightȱ controlȬ willȱ beȱ toȱ serveȱ asȱ EV1,ȱ orȱ spacewalkerȱ 1,ȱ forȱ ler.ȱ theȱ threeȱ spacewalksȱ plannedȱ forȱ theȱ mission.ȱ
32 CREW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ DaveȱWilliamsȱ
DaveȱWilliams,ȱaȱphysician,ȱisȱaȱveteranȱastroȬ catedȱ toȱ assessȱ newȱ waysȱ toȱ deliverȱ medicalȱ nautȱ fromȱ theȱ Canadianȱ Spaceȱ Agency.ȱ Heȱ careȱtoȱaȱremoteȱlocation,ȱasȱwouldȱbeȱnecessaryȱ joinedȱNASAȱinȱ1995ȱasȱpartȱofȱanȱinternationalȱ inȱaȱlongȱspaceflight.ȱ classȱ ofȱ astronautȱ candidatesȱ andȱ wentȱ onȱ toȱ serveȱasȱaȱmissionȱspecialistȱonȱSTSȬ90,ȱaȱ16Ȭdayȱ Forȱ fourȱ years,ȱ Williamsȱ servedȱ asȱ directorȱ ofȱ flightȱknownȱasȱNeurolab.ȱ theȱ Spaceȱ andȱ Lifeȱ Sciencesȱ Directorateȱ andȱ concurrentlyȱ heldȱ aȱ sixȬmonthȱ positionȱ asȱ theȱ Heȱalsoȱparticipatedȱinȱtwoȱmissionsȱaboardȱtheȱ firstȱ deputyȱ associatedȱ administratorȱ forȱ crewȱ Aquariusȱ Underwaterȱ Laboratoryȱ offȱ theȱ FlorȬ healthȱandȱsafetyȱinȱtheȱOfficeȱofȱSpaceȱFlightȱatȱ idaȱ Coast.ȱ Inȱ 2001,ȱ Williamsȱ servedȱ inȱ NASAȱ NASAȱHeadquarters.ȱ Extremeȱ Environmentȱ Missionȱ Operationsȱ (NEEMO)ȱ 1.ȱ Inȱ 2006,ȱ heȱ ledȱ NEEMOȱ 9,ȱ dediȬ Forȱ STSȬ118,ȱ Williamsȱ willȱ flyȱ inȱ theȱ middeck,ȱ andȱwillȱconductȱatȱleastȱtwoȱspacewalks.ȱ
JULY 2007 CREW 33
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱ
ThisȱwillȱbeȱtheȱfirstȱspaceflightȱforȱBarbaraȱR.ȱ 19,ȱ1985.ȱFromȱSeptemberȱ1985ȱtoȱJanuaryȱ1986,ȱ Morgan,ȱmissionȱspecialistȱ4.ȱMorganȱwillȱrideȱ MorganȱtrainedȱwithȱChristaȱMcAuliffeȱandȱtheȱ inȱtheȱmiddeckȱforȱtheȱlaunchȱofȱEndeavourȱandȱ ChallengerȱcrewȱatȱNASA’sȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenȬ beȱseatedȱinȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱentryȱandȱlandȬ ter,ȱ Houston.ȱ Followingȱ theȱ Challengerȱ acciȬ ing.ȱ Asȱ theȱȈloadmaster,Ȉȱ Morganȱ isȱ theȱ crewȱ dent,ȱMorganȱassumedȱtheȱdutiesȱofȱTeacherȱinȱ memberȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ 5,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ Spaceȱ designee,ȱ speakingȱ toȱ educationalȱ orȬ suppliesȱandȱequipmentȱthatȱwillȱbeȱtransferredȱ ganizationsȱthroughoutȱ theȱ country.ȱ Inȱ theȱ fallȱ betweenȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱ theȱ spaceȱ station.ȱ Sheȱ ofȱ 1986,ȱ Morganȱ returnedȱ toȱ Idahoȱ toȱ resumeȱ alsoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱstationȱroboticȱ herȱteachingȱcareer,ȱbutȱreturnedȱtoȱNASAȱasȱaȱ armsȱduringȱdelicateȱspacewalkȱandȱinstallationȱ missionȱ specialistȱ inȱ Januaryȱ 1998.ȱ Sheȱ hasȱ tasks.ȱ servedȱ numerousȱ technicalȱ jobsȱ inȱ theȱ AstroȬ nautȱOffice.ȱ Morganȱ wasȱ selectedȱ asȱ theȱ backupȱ candidateȱ forȱtheȱNASAȱTeacherȱinȱSpaceȱProjectȱonȱJulyȱ
34 CREW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ AlvinȱDrew
Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ firstȱ flightȱ toȱ spaceȱ forȱ Alvinȱ Heȱ wasȱ selectedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ byȱ Drew,ȱ whoȱ wasȱ assignedȱ inȱ Mayȱ toȱ thisȱ misȬ NASAȱ inȱ 2000ȱ andȱ supportedȱ technicalȱ dutiesȱ sion.ȱ Drew,ȱ whoȱ willȱ rideȱ inȱ theȱ middeckȱ forȱ inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ Stationȱ Operationsȱ bothȱ ascentȱ andȱ landing,ȱ willȱ serveȱ asȱ missionȱ Branch.ȱ Drewȱ isȱ alsoȱ aȱ colonelȱ inȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Airȱ specialistȱ 5.ȱ Heȱ willȱ assistȱ withȱ cargoȱ transferȱ Forceȱ andȱ flewȱ combatȱ missionsȱ inȱ operationsȱ andȱ otherȱ missionȱ support,ȱ includingȱ docuȬ Justȱ Cause,ȱ Desertȱ Shield/Desertȱ Storm,ȱ andȱ mentingȱ operationsȱ withȱ photographsȱ andȱ Provideȱ Comfort.ȱ Heȱ hasȱ commandedȱ twoȱ video.ȱ flightȱ testȱ unitsȱ andȱ servedȱ onȱ Airȱ Combatȱ Commandȱ Staff.ȱ Heȱ isȱ aȱ commandȱ pilotȱ withȱ 3,000ȱ hoursȱ inȱ moreȱ thanȱ 30ȱ typesȱ ofȱ aircraft.
JULY 2007 CREW 35
ȱ ȱ ȱ
Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
36 MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ PAYLOAD OVERVIEW ȱ
ȱ TheȱS5ȱshortȱspacerȱisȱshownȱinȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱProcessingȱȱ FacilityȱatȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱ
STARBOARD 5 (S5) SHORT SPACER station.ȱS5ȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱ11Ȭsegmentȱintegratedȱ trussȱ structureȱ (ITS)ȱ andȱ theȱ thirdȱ starboardȱ Duringȱ STSȬ118,ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ Endeavourȱ willȱ trussȱ elementȱ toȱ beȱ delivered.ȱ Withoutȱ S5,ȱ oneȱ deliverȱasȱitsȱprimaryȱpayloadȱtheȱBoeingȬbuiltȱ quarterȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ station’sȱ powerȱ cannotȱ beȱ squareȬshapedȱStarboardȱ5ȱsegmentȱtoȱtheȱrightȱ realized.ȱ Theȱ ITSȱ formsȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ backboneȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȇsȱ backȬ withȱmountingsȱforȱunpressurizedȱlogisticsȱcarȬ bone.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ alsoȱ includesȱ moreȱ riers,ȱ radiators,ȱ solarȱ arraysȱ andȱ variousȱ otherȱ thanȱ 740ȱ eitherȱ BoeingȬbuiltȱ and/orȱ BoeingȬ elements.ȱS5ȱwillȱbeȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱStarboardȱ4ȱ designedȱ flightȱ hardwareȱ componentsȱ toȱ theȱ (S4)ȱtrussȱelementȱviaȱtheȱModifiedȱRocketdyneȱ
JULY 2007 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 37
ȱ ȱ ȱ Trussȱ Attachmentȱ Systemȱ (MRTAS)ȱ interface.ȱ S5ȱisȱtransferredȱusingȱtheȱshuttleȱarmȱfromȱtheȱ S5ȱisȱusedȱprimarilyȱtoȱconnectȱpower,ȱcoolingȱ payloadȱ bayȱ toȱ theȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ Roboticȱ MaȬ linesȱ andȱ serveȱ asȱ aȱ spacerȱ betweenȱ theȱ S4ȱ nipulatorȱ Systemȱ (SSRMS)ȱ whereȱ itȱ willȱ beȱ photovoltaicȱ moduleȱ (PVM)ȱ andȱ Starboardȱ 6ȱ placedȱ intoȱ theȱ installȱ orȱ softȬdockȱ position.ȱ (S6)ȱ PVM,ȱ whichȱ willȱ beȱ joinedȱ duringȱ aȱ laterȱ WhileȱbeingȱmovedȱonȱtheȱSSRMS,ȱS5ȱwillȱhaveȱ assemblyȱ mission.ȱ S5ȱ isȱ veryȱ similarȱ inȱ conȬ aboutȱtwoȱinchesȱofȱclearanceȱasȱitȱpassesȱtheȱS4ȱ structionȱ toȱ theȱ longȱ spacerȱ locatedȱ onȱ S6.ȱ SequentialȱShuntȱUnitȱ(SSU).ȱTheȱtrussȱelementȱ WithoutȱtheȱS5ȱshortȱspacer,ȱtheȱS4ȱandȱS6ȱsolarȱ isȱ installedȱ roboticallyȱ withȱ helpȱ fromȱ crewȱ arraysȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱconnectȱdueȱtoȱtheȱ members.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ firstȱ spacewalk,ȱ astroȬ wayȱ theȱ photovoltaicȱ arraysȱ (PVA)ȱ areȱ deȬ nautsȱ willȱ useȱ theȱ MRTASȱ toȱ connectȱ S5ȱ toȱ S4ȱ ployedȱonȬorbit.ȱ byȱ usingȱ theirȱ portableȱ handȱ toolsȱ toȱ driveȱ inȱ fourȱ 3/4ȱ inchȱ diameterȱ primaryȱ boltsȱ inȱ eachȱ Theȱ girderȬlikeȱ structureȱ isȱ madeȱ ofȱ mostlyȱ corner.ȱIfȱaȱprimaryȱboltȱcannotȱbeȱsecured,ȱtwoȱ aluminumȱ andȱ providesȱ severalȱ extravehicularȱ contingencyȱ boltsȱ atȱ eachȱ cornerȱ onȱ S5ȱ canȱ beȱ aids,ȱ roboticȱ interfaces,ȱ ammoniaȱ servicingȱ tightenedȱintoȱtheȱnutȱassembliesȱonȱS4.ȱ hardwareȱ(asȱpartȱofȱtheȱStation’sȱExternalȱAcȬ tiveȱ Thermalȱ Controlȱ Systemȱ thatȱ allowsȱ amȬ AnotherȱuniqueȱfeatureȱofȱS5ȱisȱtheȱPhotovoltaicȱ moniaȱfluidȱtoȱtransferȱ fromȱS4ȱtoȱ S6)ȱandȱcanȱ RadiatorȱGrappleȱFeatureȱ(PVRGF).ȱForȱlaunch,ȱ alsoȱaccommodateȱanȱexternalȱstorageȱplatform.ȱ theȱPVRGFȱisȱstowedȱonȱtopȱ(zenith)ȱofȱS5ȱandȱ TheȱEnhancedȱUniversalȱTrunnionȱAttachmentȱ isȱusedȱbyȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱstationȱroboticȱarmsȱ Systemȱ (EUTAS)ȱ allowsȱ platformsȱ toȱ beȱ atȬ toȱgrabȱS5ȱandȱpullȱitȱoutȱandȱattachȱit.ȱAfterȱS5ȱ tachedȱ toȱ S5ȱ forȱ theȱ storageȱ ofȱ additionalȱ sciȬ isȱattachedȱtoȱS4,ȱtheȱPVRGFȱwillȱbeȱrelocatedȱtoȱ enceȱ payloadsȱ orȱ spareȱ Orbitalȱ Replacementȱ theȱ keelȱ duringȱ theȱ firstȱ spacewalkȱ byȱ usingȱ Units.ȱS5ȱalsoȱhasȱwhiteȱthermalȱblanketsȱonȱtheȱ fourȱfasteners.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱalsoȱisȱusedȱtoȱgrapȬ structure,ȱwhichȱhelpȱshadeȱtheȱS4ȱSolarȱArrayȱ pleȱ theȱ station’sȱ photovoltaicȱ radiatorsȱ (PVR)ȱ AssemblyȱORUs.ȱ locatedȱonȱP3/P4,ȱS3/S4,ȱP6ȱandȱS6.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱ canȱbeȱusedȱtoȱreplaceȱaȱPVR,ȱshouldȱtheyȱmalȬ S5 Specifications functionȱorȱbecomeȱdamagedȱfromȱdebrisȱwhileȱ onȱorbit.ȱ Dimensions: Length is 132.813 inches or 11 feet and 0.813 inches Boeing’sȱ Rocketdyneȱ Powerȱ andȱ Propulsionȱ (3.37 meters) (nowȱ Prattȱ andȱ Whitney)ȱ designedȱ S5.ȱ S5ȱ wasȱ Width is 179.014 inches or constructedȱinȱTulsa,ȱOkla.,ȱinȱ2000.ȱS5ȱarrivedȱ 14 feet, 11 inches atȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱJulyȱ19,ȱ2001,ȱforȱfinalȱ (4.55 meters) manufacture,ȱ acceptanceȱ andȱ checkout.ȱ Boeingȱ Height is 167.031 inches or willȱcontinueȱtoȱprovideȱsustainingȱengineeringȱ 13 feet and 11 inches ofȱS5ȱandȱforȱtheȱentireȱ310Ȭfootȱintegratedȱtrussȱ (4.24 meters) assembly. Weight: 4,010 lbs
Cost: $10,971,693
38 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ DrawingȱshowsȱtheȱPhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱGrappleȱFeatureȱ(PVRGF)ȱȱ attachedȱtoȱaȱfoldedȱphotovoltaicȱradiatorȱ(PVR)ȱ ȱ EXTERNAL STOWAGE PLATFORM-3 ESPȬ3ȱ isȱ anȱ externalȱ palletȱ thatȱ canȱ securelyȱ holdȱupȱtoȱsevenȱcriticalȱspareȱparts,ȱorȱOrbitalȱ Forȱtheȱfirstȱtimeȱever,ȱspaceȱshuttleȱastronautsȱ Replacementȱ Unitsȱ (ORUs),ȱ forȱ theȱ station.ȱ willȱnotȱhaveȱtoȱconductȱaȱspacewalkȱtoȱinstallȱaȱ ESPȬ3ȱisȱtheȱthirdȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱexternalȱstorageȱ vitalȱpieceȱofȱequipmentȱontoȱtheȱInternationalȱ palletsȱ transportedȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ SpaceȱStationȱ(ISS).ȱTheȱeffortȱtoȱinstallȱaȱstowȬ attachedȱtoȱtheȱPortȱ3ȱtrussȱelement.ȱESPȬ1ȱwasȱ ageȱ platformȱ equippedȱ withȱ crucialȱ BoeingȬ installedȱ toȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ U.S.ȱ Destinyȱ Labȱ onȱ builtȱ spareȱ partsȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ STSȬ102/ȱ 5A.1ȱ inȱ Marchȱ 2001.ȱ ESPȬ2ȱ wasȱ inȬ willȱbeȱdoneȱcompletelyȱbyȱrobotics,ȱusingȱonlyȱ stalledȱ toȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Airlockȱ onȱ STSȬ114//LF1ȱ inȱ theȱshuttleȱandȱstation’sȱroboticȱarms,ȱanȱExterȬ Augustȱ2005.ȱ nalȱ Berthingȱ Cameraȱ Systemȱ (BCS)ȱ andȱ aȱ Photovoltaicȱ Radiatorȱ Grappleȱ Fixtureȱ TheȱBoeingȱpartsȱflownȱonȱtheȱESPȬ3ȱincludeȱaȱ (PVRGF).ȱAstronautsȱwillȱroboticallyȱinstallȱtheȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ (CMG)ȱ forȱ stationȱ platformȱontoȱtheȱstationȇsȱPortȱ3ȱtrussȱelementȱ attitudeȱ control,ȱ aȱ Nitrogenȱ Tankȱ Assemblyȱ duringȱtheȱmission’sȱseventhȱday.ȱ (NTA)ȱforȱpressurizingȱexternalȱthermalȱcontrolȱ
JULY 2007 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 39
ȱ ȱ ȱ systemȱ ammoniaȱ linesȱ andȱ Batteryȱ whileȱ storedȱ onȱ theȱ ESPȬ3,ȱ althoughȱ onlyȱ theȱ Charge/Dischargeȱ Unitȱ (BCDU)ȱ forȱ chargingȱ CMGȱ ORUȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ drawȱ heaterȱ powerȱ stationȱbatteries.ȱ dueȱ toȱ itsȱ +35ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ thermostatȱ setting.ȱ Theȱ CMGȱ ORUȱ isȱ removedȱ fromȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ hasȱ sixȱ Flightȱ Releasableȱ Attachmentȱ ESPȬ3ȱbyȱtheȱEVAȱcrewȱ(withȱroboticȱassist)ȱonȱ Mechanismsȱ (FRAM)ȱ toȱ secureȱ orȱ releaseȱ theȱ flightȱdayȱ6ȱandȱtransferredȱtoȱtheȱESPȬ2ȱonȱtheȱ ORUsȱandȱotherȱequipmentȱstoredȱonȱitȱandȱanȱ JointȱAirlockȱasȱpartȱofȱtheȱCMGȬ3ȱremovalȱandȱ Ammoniaȱ Tankȱ Assemblyȱ (ATA)ȱ Flightȱ SupȬ replacementȱ activity.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȱ powerȱ cablesȱ portȱ Equipmentȱ (FSE)ȱ directlyȱ mountedȱ toȱ aȱ areȱ disconnectedȱ fromȱ theȱ ESPȬ2ȱ justȱ priorȱ toȱ seventhȱsite.ȱLikeȱESPȬ2,ȱtheȱplatformȱisȱderivedȱ CMGȱremoval.ȱ fromȱ anȱ Integratedȱ Cargoȱ Carrierȱ (ICC),ȱ anȱ equipmentȱcarrierȱdesignedȱforȱuseȱinȱtheȱshutȬ Withȱ theȱ berthingȱ cameraȱ andȱ grappleȱ fixtureȱ tleȇsȱ payload,ȱ andȱ adaptedȱ forȱ deploymentȱ onȱ asȱaides,ȱtheȱESPȬ3ȱinstallationȱprocessȱinvolvesȱ theȱstationȱbyȱdevelopingȱaȱdeviceȱtoȱattachȱitȱtoȱ Endeavourȱ astronautsȱ removingȱ theȱ platformȱ ISSȱstructure.ȱ fromȱ theȱ shuttleȱ payloadȱ bayȱ onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 7ȱ withȱ itsȱ roboticȱ armȱ andȱ handingȱ itȱ offȱ toȱ theȱ Electricalȱ powerȱ forȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ palletȱ andȱ itsȱ station’sȱroboticȱarm.ȱTheȱstation’sȱroboticȱarmȱ contentsȱisȱprovidedȱbyȱtheȱshuttleȱwhileȱinȱtheȱ willȱ thenȱ mountȱ ESPȬ3ȱ directlyȱ toȱ theȱ Portȱ 3ȱ payloadȱbayȱandȱbyȱtheȱstationȱafterȱinstallationȱ trussȱelement.ȱPrimaryȱpowerȱforȱESPȬ3ȱcomesȱ onȱP3.ȱMostȱofȱtheȱORUsȱhaveȱheatersȱtoȱkeepȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ throughȱ theȱ Portȱ 3ȱ trussȱ segȬ theirȱinternalȱcomponentsȱfromȱgettingȱtooȱcoldȱ ment.
ȱ TheȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3)ȱisȱtheȱfirstȱInternationalȱSpaceȱȱ Stationȱelementȱthatȱwillȱbeȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱcompletelyȱbyȱrobotics.
40 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ ESP-3 launches with the following ORUs: Weight:ȱEmptyȱstructureȱweighsȱaboutȱ6,937.44ȱ pounds.ȱ(2901.7ȱkg).ȱAtȱlaunchȱwithȱORUsȱandȱ x Batteryȱ Charge/Dischargeȱ Unitȱ (BCDU)ȱ –ȱ otherȱ equipment,ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ willȱ weighȱ aboutȱ Theȱ BCDUȱ chargesȱ batteriesȱ andȱ providesȱ 7,495.46ȱpoundsȱ(3399.7ȱkg).ȱ conditionedȱ batteryȱ powerȱ toȱ powerȱ busesȱ duringȱeclipseȱperiods.ȱ Dimensions:ȱ4ȱmetersȱbyȱ2.2ȱmetersȱ x Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ (CMG)ȱ –ȱ Theȱ Structure:ȱAnȱIntegratedȱCargoȱCarrierȱ(ICC)ȱisȱ CMGȱ maintainsȱ theȱ stationȱ inȱ theȱ desiredȱ theȱbasicȱstructureȱofȱESPȬ3ȱwithȱsixȱFRAMȱsitesȱ attitude,ȱ andȱ theȱ CMGȱ systemȱ mustȱ cancelȱ attachedȱ andȱ oneȱ directȱ mountȱ ATAȱ FSE.ȱ Theȱ orȱabsorbȱtheȱmomentumȱgeneratedȱbyȱtheȱ Passiveȱ Carrierȱ Attachmentȱ Systemȱ (PCAS)ȱ disturbanceȱtorquesȱactingȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱ structure,ȱ developedȱ byȱ NASAȇsȱ Goddardȱ Spaceȱ Flightȱ Center,ȱ connectsȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ toȱ theȱ x NitrogenȱTankȱAssemblyȱ(NTA)ȱ–ȱTheȱNTAȱ P3ȱCAS.ȱEachȱORUȱhasȱanȱactiveȱFRAMȱtoȱatȬ isȱanȱORUȱforȱoneȱofȱtwoȱinstalledȱNTAsȱonȱ tachȱtheȱORU/FlightȱSupportȱEquipmentȱtoȱtheȱ theȱ S1ȱ andȱ P1ȱ Trussȱ thatȱ provideȱ aȱ backȱ passiveȱFRAMȱsiteȱmountedȱonȱtheȱESPȬ3.ȱ pressureȱ forȱ ammoniaȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ therȬ malȱcontrolȱsystemȱlines.ȱ Construction:ȱ Integrationȱ ofȱ theȱ ORUsȱ withȱ theirȱ Flightȱ Supportȱ Equipmentȱ ontoȱ theȱ ICCȱ x Pitchȱ Rollȱ Jointȱ (P/RȬJ)ȱ –ȱ Theȱ P/RȬJȱ isȱ anȱ wasȱ performedȱ byȱ SPACEHAB,ȱ Inc.ȱ atȱ Capeȱ ORUȱ providedȱ byȱ theȱ Canadianȱ Spaceȱ Canaveral,ȱFla.ȱOnceȱtheȱORUsȱwereȱintegratedȱ AgencyȱforȱtheȱCanadaARMȱ2,ȱorȱSpaceȱStaȬ ontoȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ byȱ SPACEHAB,ȱ theȱ entireȱ asȬ tionȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ(SSRMS).ȱ semblyȱwasȱtransferredȱtoȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenȬ ESP-3 Statistics: ter’sȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ Processingȱ Facilityȱ forȱ finalȱ processing.ȱ ProjectȱIntegrator:ȱLockheedȱMartinȱ SPACEHAB’S LOGISTICS SINGLE MajorȱContractors:ȱ MODULE
ICCȱ–ȱSPACEHABȱInc.ȱ TheȱLogisticsȱSingleȱModuleȱ(LSM)ȱisȱaȱpressurȬ PowerȱCablesȱ–ȱBoeingȱ izedȱ aluminumȱ habitatȱ thatȱ isȱ carriedȱ inȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ bayȱ toȱ enhanceȱ theȱ onȬ ORUsȱ –ȱ Boeing,ȱ Honeywell,ȱ Lockheedȱ SunnyȬ boardȱworkingȱandȱlivingȱenvironmentȱforȱtheȱ vale,ȱandȱLoralȱ crew.ȱ Connectedȱ toȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ middeckȱ byȱ aȱ pressurizedȱaccessȱtunnel,ȱtheȱLSMȱisȱaboutȱ10ȱ ORUȱFSEȱ–ȱLockheedȱ feetȱ long,ȱ 14ȱ feetȱ wideȱ andȱ 11ȱ feetȱ high.ȱ Thisȱ combinationȱ pressurizedȱ cargoȱ carrier/researchȱ Purpose:ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ isȱ anȱ unpressurizedȱ externalȱ laboratoryȱ offersȱ 1,100ȱ cubicȱ feetȱ ofȱ habitableȱ storageȱpalletȱwithȱeightȱattachmentȱsitesȱcapaȬ volume.ȱTheȱLSMȱcanȱaccommodateȱupȱtoȱ118ȱ bleȱofȱholdingȱupȱtoȱsevenȱISSȱspareȱpartsȱandȱ middeckȱ lockerȱ equivalentȱ volumesȱ onȱ theȱ assemblies.ȱ Theȱ palletȱ alsoȱ hasȱ handrailsȱ andȱ moduleȱ bulkheads,ȱ theȱ doubleȱ rackȱ andȱ theȱ attachmentȱpointsȱforȱtethersȱandȱfootȱrestraintsȱ Maximumȱ Envelopeȱ Stowageȱ Systemȱ (MESS)ȱ thatȱastronautsȱcanȱuseȱwhileȱworkingȱwithȱtheȱ rack.ȱ Theȱ MESSȱ rackȱ alsoȱ hasȱ theȱ capabilityȱ toȱ ORUsȱonȱtheȱESPȬ3.ȱ
JULY 2007 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 41
ȱ ȱ ȱ accommodateȱoversizedȱitems.ȱWithȱaȱpayloadȱ ers,ȱ aerospaceȱ contractorsȱ andȱ manufacturers.ȱ capacityȱofȱ6,000ȱpounds,ȱtheȱLSMȱwillȱcarryȱaȱ Theȱ containersȱ exposedȱ hundredsȱ ofȱ potentialȱ multitudeȱ ofȱ pressurizedȱ cargoȱ andȱ researchȱ spaceȱ constructionȱ materialsȱ andȱ solarȱ cellsȱ toȱ payloadsȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.ȱPayloadsȱthatȱ theȱharshȱenvironmentȱofȱspace.ȱWhenȱEndeavȬ SPACEHABȱ willȱ beȱ integratingȱ ontoȱ theȱ LSMȱ ourȱ returnsȱ toȱ Earth,ȱ theȱ equipmentȱ willȱ unȬ includeȱcargoȱtransferȱbags,ȱwhichȱcarryȱessenȬ dergoȱ analysis,ȱ providingȱ investigatorsȱ withȱ tialȱ crewȱ provisionsȱ includingȱ food,ȱ personalȱ dataȱtoȱdesignȱmoreȱdurableȱspacecraft.ȱ itemsȱ andȱ clothing,ȱ hardwareȱ requiredȱ forȱ opȬ SPACEHAB Bioscience Payload eratingȱ theȱ spadeȱ stationȱ andȱ researchȱ payȬ loads.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ SPACEHABȱ willȱ Uponȱitsȱreturnȱhome,ȱtheȱLSMȱwillȱbringȱbackȱ beȱ facilitatingȱ PreȬProcessingȱ Testsȱ (PPTs)ȱ onȱ aboutȱ 3,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ cargoȱ includingȱ aȱ highȱ twoȱsignificantȱbioscienceȱpayloadsȱstowedȱinȱaȱ priorityȱDepartmentȱofȱDefenseȱpayloadȱknownȱ spaceȱshuttleȱmiddeckȱlocker.ȱTheȱPPTsȱareȱexȬ asȱtheȱȈMISSEȱPEC.ȈȱThisȱsuitcaseȬsizedȱtestȱbedȱ pectedȱ toȱ validateȱ microgravityȱ bioscienceȱ wasȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱspaceȱstationȱ techniques,ȱestablishingȱtheȱgroundworkȱforȱtheȱ inȱJulyȱ2006ȱandȱcontainedȱaboutȱ875ȱspecimensȱ companyȇsȱ futureȱ roleȱ forȱ theȱ processingȱ ofȱ ofȱ variousȱ materials,ȱ representingȱ 40ȱ differentȱ pharmaceuticalȱ andȱ advancedȱ materialsȱ inȱ miȬ investigatorsȱ includingȱ governmentȱ researchȬ crogravity.
ȱ InȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱProcessingȱFacility,ȱworkersȱprepareȱtheȱSpacehabȱmoduleȱforȱitsȱȱ moveȱtoȱtheȱpayloadȱcanister.ȱTheȱmoduleȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱpayloadȱonȱmissionȱSTSȬ118ȱȱ andȱwillȱbeȱloadedȱintoȱSpaceȱShuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱpayloadȱbayȱatȱtheȱpad.ȱ
42 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ MOTION CONTROL SUBSYSTEM AtȱleastȱtwoȱCMGsȱareȱneededȱtoȱprovideȱattiȬ tudeȱcontrolȱandȱareȱtheȱminimumȱnecessaryȱtoȱ Theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ (ISS)ȱ controlȱ steerȱandȱsteadyȱtheȱstationȱasȱitȱtravelsȱaroundȱ systemȱ isȱ composedȱ ofȱ Russianȱ andȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ theȱEarthȱeveryȱ90ȱminutesȱatȱaȱspeedȱofȱmoreȱ mentsȱthatȱmaintainȱattitudeȱcontrol.ȱWhenȱtheȱ thanȱfiveȱmilesȱeachȱsecond.ȱ Russianȱsegmentȱisȱinȱcontrol,ȱitȱusesȱthrusters,ȱ whichȱburnȱpropellant.ȱWhenȱtheȱU.S.ȱsegmentȱ Theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ currentlyȱ hasȱ isȱ inȱ control,ȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopesȱ threeȱ CMGsȱ operatingȱ normally,ȱ andȱ oneȱ thatȱ (CMGs),ȱmanufacturedȱbyȱL3ȱCommunications,ȱ hasȱ beenȱ shutȱ downȱ dueȱ toȱ highȱ vibrations.ȱ areȱ used.ȱ Fourȱ CMGsȱ areȱ mountedȱ onȱ theȱ Z1ȱ Thisȱ CMGȱ isȱ scheduledȱ toȱ beȱ replacedȱ onȱ truss.ȱ Theȱ trussȱ isȱ anȱ exteriorȱ frameworkȱ thatȱ STSȬ118.ȱ housesȱ theȱ gyroscopesȱ andȱ someȱ communicaȬ CMG Statistics: tionsȱ equipmentȱ andȱ temporarilyȱ servesȱ asȱ aȱ mountingȱ platformȱ forȱ largeȱ solarȱ arrays,ȱ nowȱ Primaryȱintegrator:ȱBoeingȱ retracted,ȱ thatȱ providedȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ beforeȱpermanentȱsolarȱarraysȱwereȱinstalledȱonȱ Manufacturer:ȱ L3ȱ Communications,ȱ Spaceȱ andȱ theȱ mainȱ USȱ powerȱ truss.ȱ Aȱ shuttleȱ crewȱ inȬ NavigationȱDivision,ȱBuddȱLake,ȱN.J.ȱ stalledȱtheȱZ1ȱtrussȱwithȱtheȱfourȱgyroscopesȱinȱ Weight:ȱ600ȱpoundsȱ Octoberȱ2000.ȱ Purpose:ȱ Controlȱ theȱ attitudeȱ ofȱ theȱ InternaȬ Toȱmaintainȱtheȱstationȱinȱtheȱdesiredȱattitude,ȱ tionalȱSpaceȱStationȱwithoutȱuseȱofȱpropellantȱ theȱ CMGȱ systemȱ mustȱ cancelȱ orȱ absorbȱ theȱ momentumȱ generatedȱ byȱ theȱ disturbanceȱ Structure:ȱ Eachȱ CMGȱ containsȱ aȱ 220Ȭpoundȱ torquesȱactingȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱTheȱCMGsȱrelyȱonȱ stainlessȱsteelȱflywheelȱthatȱspinsȱatȱ6,600ȱrpm.ȱ electricalȱpowerȱreadilyȱavailableȱfromȱtheȱsolarȱ poweredȱelectricalȱsubsystem.ȱ Removalȱ andȱ Installation:ȱ Onlyȱ sixȱ boltsȱ andȱ fourȱ powerȱ connectorsȱ needȱ toȱ beȱ detachedȱ toȱ Eachȱ CMGȱ weighsȱ approximatelyȱ 600ȱ pounds.ȱ removeȱ theȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ fromȱ Aȱ CMGȱ consistsȱ ofȱ aȱ largeȱ flatȱ 220Ȭpoundȱ theȱstationȇsȱZ1ȱTruss.ȱ stainlessȱsteelȱflywheelȱthatȱrotatesȱatȱaȱconstantȱ speedȱ (6,600ȱ rpm)ȱ andȱ developsȱ anȱ angularȱ momentumȱ ofȱ 3,600ȱ ftȬlbȬsecȱ (4,880ȱ NewtonȬ meterȬsec)ȱ aboutȱ itsȱ spinȱ axis.ȱ Thisȱ rotatingȱ wheelȱ isȱ mountedȱ inȱ aȱ twoȬdegreeȬofȬfreedomȱ gimbalȱ systemȱ thatȱ canȱ pointȱ theȱ spinȱ axisȱ (momentumȱ vector)ȱ ofȱ theȱ wheelȱ inȱ anyȱ direcȬ tion.ȱ Controlȱ motorsȱ onȱ theȱ CMGȱ gimbalsȱ changeȱtheȱorientationȱofȱtheȱspinningȱrotorsȱtoȱ produceȱ torqueȱ onȱ theȱ stationȱ toȱ balanceȱ theȱ effectsȱ ofȱ gravityȱ andȱ aerodynamics,ȱ maintainȬ ingȱtheȱstationȱatȱanȱequilibriumȱattitudeȱwithȬ outȱusingȱpropellant.ȱ ȱ ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ
JULY 2007 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 43
ȱ ȱ ȱ STATION-TO-SHUTTLE POWER Beforeȱtheȱmodifications,ȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱfleetȱ TRANSFER SYSTEM (SSPTS) onlyȱhadȱtheȱcapabilityȱtoȱtransferȱpowerȱfromȱ itsȱ28Ȭvoltȱdcȱsystemȱtoȱtheȱstationȇsȱ120Ȭvoltȱdcȱ Afterȱ anȱ unprecedentedȱ seriesȱ ofȱ threeȱ stationȱ systemȱ throughȱ aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Assemblyȱ spacewalksȱ inȱ February,ȱ theȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ PowerȱConverterȱUnitȱ(APCU).ȱTheȱfleet,ȱhowȬ Powerȱ Transferȱ Systemȱ (SSPTS)ȱ onboardȱ theȱ ever,ȱcouldȱnotȱtransferȱpowerȱfromȱtheȱstationȱ spaceȱstationȱisȱcompleteȱandȱwillȱallowȱtheȱstaȬ toȱtheȱshuttle.ȱTheȱSSPTSȱupgradeȱwillȱreplaceȱ tionȱ toȱ supplementȱ theȱ shuttlesȱ withȱ electricalȱ theȱ APCUȱ withȱ aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Powerȱ power.ȱ Shuttleȱ modificationsȱ wereȱ completedȱ TransferȱUnitȱ(PTU).ȱTheȱPTUȱincludesȱtheȱcaȬ inȱMayȱ2007,ȱandȱtheȱnewȱcapabilityȱwillȱenableȱ pabilitiesȱ ofȱ theȱ APCUȱ withȱ theȱ additionalȱ caȬ theȱshuttleȱtoȱstayȱonȬorbitȱlonger,ȱprovideȱadȬ pabilityȱ toȱ convertȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ 120Ȭvoltȱ ditionalȱcrewȱtimeȱforȱscienceȱactivitiesȱandȱExȬ systemȱtoȱtheȱshuttle’sȱ28Ȭvoltȱsystem.ȱWithȱthisȱ traȱ Vehicularȱ Activitiesȱ (EVA),ȱ andȱ permitȱ adȬ upgrade,ȱtheȱstationȱisȱnowȱableȱtoȱtransferȱupȱ ditionalȱcargoȱtoȱbeȱunloadedȱbyȱastronauts.ȱ toȱ eightȱ kilowattsȱ ofȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ shuttleȱ inȱ aȱ packageȱthatȱfitsȱintoȱtheȱsameȱfootprintȱasȱtheȱ TheȱspaceȱshuttleȱDiscoveryȱwasȱtheȱlastȱofȱtheȱ existingȱAPCU.ȱ threeȱshuttlesȱtoȱbeȱupgraded,ȱandȱtheȱnewȱsysȬ temȱwillȱbeȱutilizedȱduringȱshuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱ InȱadditionȱtoȱtheȱPTU,ȱnewȱpowerȱcablesȱandȱ STSȬ118ȱmission.ȱEndeavourȱwasȱtheȱfirstȱofȱtheȱ displaysȱwereȱintegratedȱintoȱspaceȱshuttleȱEnȬ shuttlesȱtoȱbeȱupgraded.ȱ deavourȱ andȱ Discovery.ȱ Theȱ additionalȱ stationȱ cablesȱareȱroutedȱalongȱtheȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱBoeȬ Theȱ SSPTSȱ projectȱ isȱ uniqueȱ becauseȱ it’sȱ theȱ ingȬbuiltȱ U.S.ȱ Destinyȱ lab.ȱ Theȱ powerȱ passesȱ firstȱmajorȱdevelopmentȱprojectȱthatȱtheȱBoeingȱ alongȱtheȱPressurizedȱMatingȱAdapterȱ2,ȱwhereȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ NASAȇsȱ Spaceȱ theȱshuttleȱdocksȱtoȱtheȱstationȱthroughȱtheȱexȬ Shuttleȱprogramsȱhaveȱworkedȱonȱtogether.ȱTheȱ istingȱelectricalȱportsȱusedȱbyȱtheȱAPCU.ȱ Boeingȱ ISSȱ Programȱ isȱ providingȱ theȱ fundingȱ underȱitsȱexistingȱcontract.ȱȱ Timeline:
Theȱupgradeȱwillȱallowȱtheȱspaceȱshuttle’sȱelecȬ x Engineeringȱ Modelȱ (EM)ȱ testingȱ ofȱ theȱ tricalȱpowerȱsystemȱtoȱconnectȱintoȱtheȱstation’sȱ PTUsȱandȱsystemȱlevelȱtestingȱusingȱtheȱEMȱ solarȱarraysȱtoȱtransferȱpowerȱfromȱtheȱstationȱ PTUsȱ wereȱ completedȱ duringȱ theȱ summerȱ toȱtheȱshuttle,ȱresultingȱinȱaȱlowerȱconsumptionȱ andȱfallȱofȱ2006.ȱ rateȱ ofȱ liquidȱ hydrogenȱ andȱ oxygenȱ usedȱ forȱ makingȱelectricityȱbyȱtheȱshuttle’sȱfuelȱcells.ȱTheȱ x Installationȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ cablesȱ wasȱ comȬ SSPTSȱ upgradeȱ alsoȱ willȱ allowȱ theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ pletedȱ inȱ Endeavourȱ (OVȬ105)ȱ atȱ Kennedyȱ increaseȱitsȱtimeȱdockedȱtoȱtheȱstationȱfromȱ6Ȭ8ȱ SpaceȱCenterȱinȱtheȱsummerȱ2006.ȱ toȱ9Ȭ12ȱdaysȱdependingȱonȱtheȱmissionȱconfiguȬ x TheȱstationȱcablesȱwereȱlaunchedȱtoȱtheȱISSȱ ration.ȱ onȱSTSȬ116ȱinȱDecemberȱ2006.ȱȱ
Theȱ increasedȱ dockingȱ timeȱ willȱ provideȱ theȱ x Qualificationȱ ofȱ theȱ flightȱ PTUȱ designȱ wasȱ stationȱ andȱ visitingȱ crewȱ membersȱ withȱ moreȱ completedȱonȱJan.ȱ31,ȱ2007.ȱ timeȱ forȱ logisticsȱ supplyȱ transfer,ȱ additionalȱ experimentsȱandȱdetailedȱshuttleȱinspections.ȱ
44 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ x Aȱportionȱofȱtheȱstationȱcablesȱwasȱinstalledȱ whenȱ inȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ bayȱ andȱ provideȱ duringȱISSȱstageȱEVAȱ6ȱonȱJan.ȱ31,ȱ2007ȱȱ heaterȱpowerȱtoȱpressurizedȱmodulesȱbeingȱdeȬ liveredȱtoȱtheȱstation.ȱ x DeliveryȱofȱtheȱfirstȱflightȱPTUȱoccurredȱonȱ Feb.ȱ 5,ȱ 2007,ȱ inȱ preparationȱ forȱ launchȱ onȱ BoeingȱbeganȱworkȱonȱtheȱprojectȱinȱSeptemberȱ ISSȱ assemblyȱ flightȱ 13A.1,ȱ scheduledȱ forȱ 2003,ȱ butȱ hadȱ aȱ slightȱ headȱ startȱ dueȱ toȱ someȱ flightȱonȱSTSȬ118ȱaboardȱEndeavour.ȱ internalȱ developmentȱ workȱ thatȱ wasȱ doneȱ atȱ theȱHuntingtonȱBeachȱandȱCanogaȱPark,ȱCalif.,ȱ x Theȱremainingȱstationȱcablesȱwereȱinstalledȱ facilities.ȱPrattȱandȱWhineyȱRocketdyneȱPropulȬ Feb.ȱ7,ȱ2007,ȱduringȱEVAȱ8.ȱȱ sionȱ andȱ Powerȱ (Canogaȱ Park)ȱ manufacturedȱ x Theȱ cablesȱ forȱ Discoveryȱ (OVȬ103)ȱ wereȱ theȱ PTU,ȱ whileȱ theȱ Boeingȱ Houstonȱ Productȱ completedȱandȱinstalledȱinȱMayȱ2007.ȱȱ SupportȱCenterȱmanufacturedȱtheȱcablesȱforȱtheȱ station.ȱ Boeingȱ Huntingtonȱ Beachȱ hasȱ develȬ Theȱspaceȱshuttleȱisȱstillȱableȱtoȱsupplyȱ120Ȭvoltȱ opedȱtheȱshuttleȱupgrades,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱnewȱcaȬ powerȱthroughȱtheȱAPCUȱconverterȱinȱtheȱPTUȱ blesȱ forȱ eachȱ shuttle,ȱ cockpitȱ controlȱ switchesȱ toȱ powerȱ theȱ MultiȬPurposeȱ Logisticsȱ Moduleȱ andȱcrewȱdisplays.ȱ
ȱ PowerȱTransferȱUnitȱ(PTU)ȱFlightȱUnitȱ#1
JULY 2007 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 45
ȱ ȱ ȱ
Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
46 MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING ȱ
ȱ AȱviewȱphotographedȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱshowsȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantisȱ backdroppedȱoverȱterrainȱasȱtheȱtwoȱspacecraftȱwereȱnearingȱtheirȱmuchȬanticipatedȱȱ linkȬupȱinȱEarthȱorbit.ȱ ȱ Aboutȱ 2.5ȱ hoursȱ beforeȱ docking,ȱ Endeavour’sȱ thatȱ willȱ placeȱ theȱ shuttleȱ aboutȱ 1,000ȱ feetȱ diȬ jetsȱwillȱbeȱfiredȱduringȱwhatȱisȱcalledȱtheȱTerȬ rectlyȱ belowȱ theȱ station.ȱ STSȬ118ȱ Commanderȱ minalȱInitiationȱburnȱtoȱbeginȱtheȱfinalȱphaseȱofȱ ScottȱKellyȱthenȱwillȱmanuallyȱcontrolȱtheȱshutȬ theȱ rendezvous.ȱ Endeavourȱ willȱ closeȱ theȱ finalȱ tleȱforȱtheȱremainderȱofȱtheȱapproachȱandȱdockȬ milesȱtoȱtheȱstationȱduringȱtheȱnextȱorbit.ȱ ing.ȱ
Asȱ Endeavourȱ movesȱ closerȱ toȱ theȱ station,ȱ theȱ Heȱwillȱstopȱtheȱapproachȱ600ȱfeetȱbeneathȱtheȱ shuttle’sȱ rendezvousȱ radarȱ systemȱ andȱ trajecȬ stationȱ toȱ ensureȱ properȱ lightingȱ forȱ imageryȱ toryȱ controlȱ sensorȱ willȱ trackȱ theȱ complexȱ andȱ priorȱ toȱ initiatingȱ theȱ standardȱ Rendezvousȱ provideȱrangeȱandȱclosingȱrateȱdataȱtoȱtheȱcrew.ȱ PitchȱManeuverȱ(RPM),ȱorȱbackflip.ȱ Duringȱtheȱfinalȱapproach,ȱEndeavourȱwillȱexeȬ cuteȱseveralȱsmallȱmidȬcourseȱcorrectionȱburnsȱ
JULY 2007 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 47
ȱ ȱ ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ maneuverȱ Endeavourȱ throughȱ aȱ Rendezvous Approach Profile 9Ȭminute,ȱ 360Ȭdegreeȱ backflipȱ thatȱ allowsȱ theȱ stationȱcrewȱtoȱtakeȱasȱmanyȱasȱ300ȱdigitalȱpicȬ turesȱofȱtheȱshuttle’sȱheatȱshield.ȱ
Onȱ verbalȱ cueȱ fromȱ Pilotȱ Charlesȱ Hobaughȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ crew,ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ commandȱ EndeavȬ ourȱtoȱbeginȱaȱnoseȬforward,ȱthreeȬquarterȱofȱaȱ degreeȱperȱsecondȱrotationalȱbackflip.ȱ
Bothȱ theȱ 400ȱ andȱ theȱ 800mmȱ digitalȱ cameraȱ lensesȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ toȱ photographȱ Endeavourȱ byȱstationȱcrewȱmembers.ȱTheȱ400mmȱlensȱproȬ Space Shuttle Rendezvous Maneuvers videsȱ upȱ toȱ 3Ȭinchȱ resolutionȱ andȱ theȱ 800mmȱ OMS-1 (Orbit insertion) - Rarely used ascent lensȱ canȱ provideȱ upȱ toȱ 1Ȭinchȱ resolution.ȱ Theȱ burn. imageryȱ includesȱ theȱ upperȱ surfacesȱ ofȱ theȱ OMS-2 (Orbit insertion) - Typically used to shuttleȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ Endeavour’sȱ underside,ȱ capȬ circularize the initial orbit following ascent, completing orbital insertion. For ground-up turingȱ picturesȱ ofȱ theȱ noseȱ landingȱ gearȱ doorȱ rendezvous flights, also considered a seals,ȱtheȱmainȱlandingȱgearȱdoorȱsealsȱandȱtheȱ rendezvous phasing burn. elevonȱcove.ȱ NC (Rendezvous phasing) - Performed to hit a range relative to the target at a future time. Theȱphotosȱwillȱbeȱtakenȱoutȱofȱwindowsȱinȱtheȱ NH (Rendezvous height adjust) - Performed Zvezdaȱ Serviceȱ Moduleȱ usingȱ Kodakȱ DCSȱ 760ȱ to hit a delta-height relative to the target at a digitalȱ cameras.ȱ Theȱ imageryȱ isȱ oneȱ ofȱ severalȱ future time. inspectionȱtechniquesȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱhealthȱofȱ NPC (Rendezvous plane change) - Performed theȱshuttle’sȱthermalȱprotectionȱsystem,ȱincludȬ to remove planar errors relative to the target at ingȱtheȱtilesȱandȱreinforcedȱcarbonȬcarbonȱwingȱ a future time. leadingȱedgesȱandȱnoseȱcap.ȱ NCC (Rendezvous corrective combination) - First on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous TheȱphotosȱwillȱbeȱdownlinkedȱthroughȱtheȱstaȬ sequence. Using star tracker data, it is performed to remove phasing and height errors tion’sȱ KuȬbandȱ communicationsȱ systemȱ forȱ relative to the target at Ti. analysisȱ byȱ systemsȱ engineersȱ andȱ missionȱ Ti (Rendezvous terminal intercept) - Second managers.ȱ on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous sequence. Using primarily rendezvous radar Whenȱ Endeavourȱ completesȱ itsȱ rotation,ȱ itsȱ data, it places the orbiter on a trajectory to payloadȱbayȱwillȱbeȱfacingȱtheȱstation.ȱ intercept the target in one orbit. MC-1, MC-2, MC-3, MC-4 (Rendezvous Kellyȱ thenȱ willȱ moveȱ Endeavourȱ toȱ aȱ positionȱ midcourse burns) - These on-board targeted aboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱstationȱinȱ burns use star tracker and rendezvous radar preparationȱforȱtheȱfinalȱapproachȱtoȱdockingȱtoȱ data to correct the post Ti trajectory in preparation for the final, manual proximity theȱDestinyȱdockingȱport.ȱ operations phase.ȱ ȱ
48 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱ shuttle’sȱ crewȱ membersȱ operateȱ laptopȱ aboutȱ 17,500ȱ mph),ȱ andȱ keepȱ theȱ dockingȱ computersȱprocessingȱtheȱnavigationalȱdata,ȱtheȱ mechanismsȱ alignedȱ toȱ withinȱ aȱ toleranceȱ ofȱ laserȱ rangeȱ systemsȱ andȱ Endeavour’sȱ dockingȱ threeȱ inches.ȱ Whenȱ Endeavourȱ makesȱ contactȱ mechanism.ȱ withȱ theȱstation,ȱ preliminaryȱ latchesȱ willȱ autoȬ maticallyȱ attachȱ theȱ twoȱ spacecraft.ȱ ImmediȬ Usingȱ aȱ viewȱ fromȱ aȱ cameraȱ mountedȱ inȱ theȱ atelyȱafterȱEndeavourȱdocks,ȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱsteerȬ centerȱofȱtheȱOrbiterȱDockingȱSystem,ȱKellyȱwillȱ ingȱjetsȱwillȱbeȱdeactivatedȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱforcesȱ preciselyȱmatchȱupȱtheȱdockingȱportsȱofȱtheȱtwoȱ actingȱatȱtheȱdockingȱinterface.ȱShockȱabsorberȱ spacecraft.ȱ Ifȱ necessary,ȱ heȱ willȱ temporarilyȱ springsȱinȱtheȱdockingȱmechanismȱwillȱdampenȱ pauseȱ30ȱfeetȱfromȱtheȱstationȱtoȱensureȱproperȱ anyȱrelativeȱmotionȱbetweenȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱtheȱ alignmentȱofȱtheȱdockingȱmechanisms.ȱ station.ȱ
Forȱ Endeavour’sȱ docking,ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ maintainȱ Onceȱ theȱ motionȱ betweenȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ hasȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ speedȱ relativeȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ atȱ beenȱstopped,ȱtheȱdockingȱringȱwillȱbeȱretractedȱ aboutȱoneȬtenthȱofȱaȱfootȱperȱsecondȱ(whileȱbothȱ toȱ closeȱ aȱ finalȱ setȱ ofȱ latchesȱ betweenȱ theȱ twoȱ Endeavourȱ andȱ theȱ stationȱ areȱ travelingȱ atȱ vehicles.
ȱ BackdroppedȱbyȱruggedȱEarthȱterrain,ȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantisȱapproachesȱtheȱȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱduringȱSTSȬ117ȱrendezvousȱandȱdockingȱoperations.
JULY 2007 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 49
ȱ ȱ ȱ UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND Endeavourȱwillȱmoveȱtoȱaȱdistanceȱofȱaboutȱ450ȱ DEPARTURE feet,ȱ whereȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ beginȱ toȱ flyȱ aroundȱ theȱ stationȱ inȱ itsȱ newȱ configuration.ȱ Thisȱ maȬ Atȱ undockingȱ time,ȱ theȱ hooksȱ andȱ latchesȱ willȱ neuverȱ willȱ occurȱ onlyȱ ifȱ propellantȱ marginsȱ beȱ opened,ȱ andȱ springsȱ willȱ pushȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱmissionȱtimelineȱactivitiesȱpermit.ȱ awayȱfromȱtheȱstation.ȱEndeavour’sȱsteeringȱjetsȱ willȱbeȱshutȱoffȱtoȱavoidȱanyȱinadvertentȱfiringsȱ Onceȱ Endeavourȱ completesȱ 1.5ȱ revolutionsȱ ofȱ duringȱtheȱinitialȱseparation.ȱ theȱ complex,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ fireȱ Endeavour’sȱ jetsȱ toȱ leaveȱ theȱ area.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȱ willȱ moveȱ OnceȱEndeavourȱisȱaboutȱtwoȱfeetȱfromȱtheȱstaȬ aboutȱ 46ȱ milesȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ remainȱ tionȱ andȱ theȱ dockingȱ devicesȱ areȱ clearȱ ofȱ oneȱ thereȱ whileȱ groundȱ teamsȱ analyzeȱ dataȱ fromȱ another,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ turnȱ theȱ steeringȱ jetsȱ theȱ lateȱ inspectionȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ heatȱ shield.ȱ backȱ onȱ andȱ willȱ manuallyȱ controlȱ Endeavourȱ TheȱdistanceȱisȱcloseȱenoughȱtoȱallowȱtheȱshutȬ withinȱ aȱ tightȱ corridorȱ asȱ theȱ shuttleȱ separatesȱ tleȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱtheȱstationȱinȱtheȱunlikelyȱeventȱ fromȱtheȱstation.ȱ thatȱtheȱheatȱshieldȱisȱdamaged,ȱpreventingȱtheȱ shuttleȇsȱreȬentry.ȱ
ȱ BackdroppedȱbyȱtheȱblacknessȱofȱspaceȱandȱEarthȇsȱhorizon,ȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱȱ movesȱawayȱfromȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantis.ȱEarlierȱtheȱSTSȬ117ȱandȱExpeditionȱ15ȱcrewsȱȱ concludedȱaboutȱeightȱdaysȱofȱcooperativeȱworkȱonboardȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱstation.ȱ
50 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ ThisȱimageȱdepictsȱtheȱconfigurationȱofȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱafterȱtheȱȱ shuttleȱundocksȱfromȱtheȱorbitalȱoutpostȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.
JULY 2007 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 51
ȱ ȱ ȱ
Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
52 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ SPACEWALKS ȱ TheȱprimaryȱfocusȱforȱSTSȬ118’sȱspacewalks,ȱorȱ extravehicularȱactivitiesȱ(EVAs),ȱisȱtoȱinstallȱtheȱ Starboardȱ 5ȱ (S5)ȱ shortȱ spacerȱ trussȱ segmentȱ toȱ theȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱintegratedȱtrussȱsystemȱandȱ removeȱ andȱ replaceȱ controlȱ momentȱ gyroȬ scopeȬ3,ȱwhichȱfailedȱlastȱyear.ȱ
ȱ TheȱsquareȬshapedȱS5ȱtrussȱisȱaboutȱtheȱ lengthȱofȱaȱsmallȱcompactȱcarȱandȱweighsȱ 4,010 pounds. ȱ
Whenȱ theȱ station’sȱ trussȱ systemȱ isȱ complete,ȱ thereȱwillȱbeȱ11ȱintegratedȱsegmentsȱthatȱstretchȱ ȱ 356ȱ feet.ȱ Theȱ trussȱ willȱ supportȱ fourȱ virtuallyȱ Thisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱdepictsȱhowȱtheȱ identicalȱ solarȱ arrayȱ assembliesȱ thatȱ generateȱ S5ȱtrussȱwillȱbeȱgrappledȱbyȱtheȱstation’sȱ electricalȱ powerȱ andȱ holdȱ radiatorsȱ toȱ coolȱ theȱ roboticȱarmȱandȱinstalledȱtoȱtheȱintegratedȱ station.ȱ trussȱsystem.ȱ
Theȱ installationȱ ofȱ S5ȱ isȱ similarȱ toȱ thatȱ ofȱ theȱ STSȬ116ȱ mission,ȱ whereȱ itsȱ sisterȱ Portȱ 5ȱ (P5)ȱ segmentȱ wasȱ installed.ȱ Theȱ squareȬshapedȱ S5ȱtrussȱisȱaboutȱtheȱlengthȱofȱaȱsmallȱcompactȱ carȱ andȱ weighsȱ 4,010ȱ pounds.ȱ It will provide ȱ structuralȱshaping,ȱutilityȱconnectionsȱandȱsufȬ ficientȱspanȱforȱadequateȱclearanceȱbetweenȱtheȱ Starboardȱ 4ȱ (S4)ȱ andȱ Starboardȱ 6ȱ (S6)ȱ solarȱ arȬ raysȱasȱtheyȱtrackȱtheȱsun.ȱ
ȱ TheȱS5ȱtruss,ȱshownȱinstalled,ȱinȱtheȱȱ lowerȱforeground.ȱ
JULY 2007 SPACEWALKS 53
ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱ missionȇsȱ threeȱ plannedȱ spacewalksȱ alsoȱ PowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ(SSPTS)ȱisȱactivatedȱandȱ includeȱ someȱ assemblyȱ andȱ maintenanceȱ tasksȱ checkedȱout.ȱ inȱ preparationȱ forȱ theȱ relocationȱ ofȱ theȱ Portȱ 6ȱ (P6)ȱ trussȱ plannedȱ forȱ theȱ STSȬ120ȱ mission.ȱ FirstȬtimeȱ spacewalkersȱ Rickȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Thoseȱ tasksȱ includeȱ relocatingȱ twoȱ crewȱ andȱ DaveȱWilliamsȱwillȱdoȱtheȱfirstȱtwoȱEVAs.ȱMasȬ equipmentȱ translationȱ aidȱ (CETA)ȱ carts,ȱ movȬ tracchioȱ andȱ Expeditionȱ 15ȱ Flightȱ Engineerȱ ingȱtheȱP6ȱSȬbandȱantennae,ȱinstallingȱtheȱPortȱ1ȱ ClaytonȱAndersonȱwillȱdoȱtheȱthird.ȱIfȱtheȱmisȬ (P1)ȱbasebandȱsignalȱprocessorȱandȱtransponderȱ sionȱ isȱ extended,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ andȱretrievingȱtheȱP6ȱtransponder.ȱ performȱtheȱfourthȱspacewalk.ȱMissionȱSpecialȬ istȱ Tracyȱ Caldwellȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ intravehicularȱ Theȱ spacewalks,ȱ eachȱ estimatedȱ toȱ lastȱ 6.5ȱ leadȱ forȱ theȱ spacewalks,ȱ assistingȱ theȱ spaceȬ hours,ȱ areȱ plannedȱ onȱ flightȱ daysȱ 4,ȱ 6ȱ andȱ 8.ȱ walkersȱ fromȱ insideȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ withȱ theirȱ However,ȱ missionȱ managersȱ couldȱ addȱ threeȱ tasks.ȱ Pilotȱ Charlieȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ operateȱ theȱ moreȱ daysȱ toȱ theȱ 11Ȭdayȱ missionȱ andȱ addȱ anȬ stationȱroboticȱarmȱandȱMissionȱSpecialistȱBarȬ otherȱ spacewalkȱ afterȱ theȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ baraȱR.ȱMorganȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱshuttleȱroboticȱ arm.ȱ
ȱ AstronautȱRichardȱA.ȱ(Rick)ȱMastracchio,ȱSTSȬ118ȱmissionȱspecialist,ȱattiredȱinȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱȱ ofȱhisȱExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ(EMU)ȱspacesuit,ȱawaitsȱaȱtrainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱwatersȱȱ ofȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.
54 SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱastronautȱDaveȱWilliamsȱpreparesȱforȱaȱȱ trainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratory.ȱ
Theȱ spacewalkersȱ willȱ beȱ identifiableȱ byȱ variȬ nautsȱ willȱ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ EVAȱ byȱ usingȱ theȱ ousȱ markingsȱ onȱ theirȱ spacesuits.ȱ Mastracchioȱ “campout”ȱ prebreatheȱ protocol,ȱ spendingȱ theȱ willȱwearȱoneȱwithȱsolidȱredȱstripes,ȱwhileȱWilȬ nightȱ beforeȱ theȱ spacewalkȱ inȱ theȱ airlock.ȱ Theȱ liams’ȱ suitȱ willȱ beȱ solidȱ white.ȱ Andersonȱ willȱ prebreatheȱ exerciseȱ purgesȱ nitrogenȱ fromȱ theȱ wearȱaȱsuitȱwithȱred,ȱbrokenȱstripes.ȱȱ astronauts’ȱsystemsȱsoȱtheyȱavoidȱtheȱconditionȱ knownȱasȱtheȱbends.ȱ Theȱ spacewalksȱ willȱ startȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ Questȱairlock.ȱAsȱinȱrecentȱmissions,ȱtheȱastroȬ ȱ
JULY 2007 SPACEWALKS 55
ȱ ȱ ȱ
ȱ AstronautȱClaytonȱC.ȱAnderson,ȱExpeditionȱ15ȱNASAȱspaceȱstationȱscienceȱofficerȱȱ andȱflightȱengineer,ȱgetsȱhelpȱwithȱtheȱdonningȱofȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱofȱhisȱEMUȱȱ spacesuitȱpriorȱtoȱbeingȱsubmergedȱinȱtheȱNBL.
Duringȱtheȱcampout,ȱtheȱcrewȱmembersȱisolateȱ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ themselvesȱinȱtheȱairlock.ȱTheȱairlockȇsȱairȱpresȬ sureȱisȱloweredȱtoȱ10.2ȱpsi,ȱwhileȱtheȱstationȱisȱ x EVAȱOperations:ȱ keptȱ atȱ 14.7ȱ psi,ȱ orȱ nearȱ seaȬlevelȱ pressure.ȱ Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:50)ȱ Uponȱrising,ȱtheȱastronautsȱdonȱoxygenȱmasksȱ andȱ theȱ airlock’sȱ pressureȱ isȱ raisedȱ againȱ toȱ S5ȱLaunchȱLockȱRemovalȱ(00:35)ȱ 14.7ȱpsiȱ forȱ anȱ hour.ȱ Afterȱ breakfast,ȱ theȱ presȬ sureȱ isȱ loweredȱ backȱ toȱ 10.2ȱ psiȱ forȱ anȱ addiȬ S5ȱInstallationȱ(01:30)ȱ tionalȱhourȱasȱtheȱspacewalkȱsuitsȱareȱdonned.ȱ PVRGFȱTransferȱtoȱKeelȱ(01:00)ȱ Anȱadditionalȱ30ȱminutesȱinȱtheȱsuitsȱcompletesȱ theȱprotocol.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱtheȱcrewȱcanȱgetȱoutȬ GetȬaheadsȱ(00:15)ȱ sideȱearlierȱtoȱperformȱtheȱday’sȱtasks.ȱ S5ȱCleanupȱ(0:35)ȱ EVA 1 P6ȱPVRȱCinchȱ(01:10)ȱ x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:35)ȱ x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ
56 SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱ mostȱ importantȱ objectiveȱ duringȱ EVAȱ 1ȱ isȱ Next,ȱ theȱ twoȱ alsoȱ willȱ monitorȱ theȱ retractionȱ toȱinstallȱtheȱS5ȱtruss.ȱOneȱofȱtheȱchallengesȱthatȱ andȱ cinchingȱ ofȱ theȱ P6ȱ photovoltaicȱ radiator,ȱ HobaughȱwillȱfaceȱisȱslidingȱtheȱS5ȱspacerȱintoȱ readyingȱitȱforȱtheȱnextȱshuttleȱmission.ȱTheȱreȬ itsȱ positionȱ usingȱ theȱ station’sȱ roboticȱ arm,ȱ tractionȱ willȱ provideȱ clearanceȱ forȱ theȱ roboticȱ knownȱasȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱRemoteȱManipulaȬ armȱthatȱwillȱbeȱusedȱwhenȱtheȱSȬbandȱantennaȱ torȱSystem.ȱInȱaȱmoveȱsimilarȱtoȱparallelȱparkȬ subȬassemblyȱ(SASA)ȱisȱmovedȱduringȱtheȱthirdȱ ingȱ inȱ aȱ snugȱ space,ȱ theȱ spacerȱ willȱ comeȱ asȱ spacewalk.ȱ closeȱ asȱ 2.7ȱ inchesȱ toȱ theȱ S4ȱ truss.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ spacewalkersȱwillȱmonitorȱstructuralȱclearancesȱ forȱtheȱmaneuver.ȱ
OnceȱtheȱS5ȱisȱinȱposition,ȱMastracchioȱandȱWilȬ liamsȱwillȱremoveȱtheȱlocksȱthatȱsecuredȱitȱandȱ S4ȱduringȱlaunch.ȱTheȱtrussȱwillȱbeȱbroughtȱintoȱ “soft”ȱcaptureȱpositionȱsoȱthatȱtheȱcrewȱcanȱfasȬ tenȱtheȱprimaryȱstructuralȱbolts.ȱ ȱ WithȱtheȱS5ȱsecured,ȱtheȱtwoȱspacewalkersȱwillȱ P6ȱFwdȱPVRȱ moveȱ theȱ Photovoltaicȱ Radiatorȱ Grappleȱ FixȬ tureȱ(PVRGF)ȱfromȱitsȱlaunchȱlocationȱonȱtopȱofȱ EVA 2 S5ȱtoȱtheȱkeelȱofȱtheȱtruss.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱisȱaȱhanȬ dleȱ thatȱ wasȱ usedȱ byȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱ stationȱ x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ armsȱtoȱmoveȱtheȱtruss.ȱItȱisȱbeingȱrelocatedȱtoȱ x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ provideȱenoughȱclearanceȱforȱtheȱsolarȱarraysȱtoȱ rotateȱandȱtrackȱtheȱsun.ȱ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ
x EVAȱOperations:ȱ
Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:50)ȱ
RemoveȱFailedȱCMGȱ(00:30)ȱ
TransferȱNewȱCMGȱtoȱESPȬ2ȱ(01:30)ȱ
RemoveȱNewȱCMGȱfromȱFSEȱȱ ȱ onȱESPȬ2ȱ(00:50)ȱ
S5ȱinstallationȱonȱS4ȱ InstallȱNewȱCMGȱonȱZ1ȱ(00:55)ȱ
Ifȱtimeȱpermits,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱprepareȱtheȱS5ȱforȱ InstallȱFailedȱCMGȱintoȱFSEȱonȱESPȬ2ȱ theȱ futureȱ attachmentȱ ofȱ theȱ S6ȱ trussȱ segment,ȱ (01:10)ȱ connectȱ sixȱ utilityȱ cablesȱ betweenȱ S5ȱ andȱ S4,ȱ removeȱ theȱ S5ȱ andȱ S6ȱ launchȱ locksȱ andȱ openȱ Cleanup/Ingressȱ(0:45)ȱ theȱS5ȱcaptureȱlatchȱassembly.ȱ
JULY 2007 SPACEWALKS 57
ȱ ȱ ȱ Duringȱtheȱsecondȱspacewalk,ȱMastracchioȱandȱ OnceȱtheȱnewȱCMGȱisȱinstalled,ȱtheȱfailedȱCMGȱ WilliamsȱwillȱremoveȱandȱreplaceȱaȱfailedȱconȬ willȱ beȱ movedȱ fromȱ theȱ trussȱ toȱ ESPȬ2.ȱ Theȱ trolȱ momentȱ gyroscope.ȱ Theȱ station’sȱ fourȱ CMGȱwillȱ beȱreturnedȱtoȱEarthȱonȱ aȱlaterȱmisȬ CMGsȱprovideȱprimaryȱattitudeȱcontrolȱforȱtheȱ sion.ȱ Externalȱ stowageȱ platformsȱ areȱ designedȱ station.ȱCMGȬ3ȱsufferedȱaȱmechanicalȱfailureȱinȱ toȱ holdȱ Orbitalȱ Replacementȱ Units,ȱ orȱ ORUs,ȱ Octoberȱ 2006.ȱ Theȱ remainingȱ gyroscopesȱ haveȱ suchȱasȱtheȱCMGs.ȱ beenȱprovidingȱattitudeȱcontrolȱsinceȱthen,ȱbutȱ allȱ fourȱ CMGsȱ willȱ beȱ neededȱ asȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ Theȱ twoȱ spacewalkersȱ alsoȱ willȱ installȱ theȱ Z1ȱ integratedȱtrussȱcontinuesȱtoȱexpand.ȱ shroud,ȱanȱembossedȱsilverȱTeflonȱblanketȱthatȱ isȱusedȱtoȱprotectȱtheȱCMGȱfromȱheat.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ spacewalk,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ WilȬ liamsȱwillȱremoveȱtheȱfailedȱCMGȱfromȱtheȱZeȬ EVA 3 nithȱ1ȱ(Z1)ȱtrussȱandȱtemporarilyȱstowȱitȱonȱtheȱ x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ truss.ȱThen,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱmoveȱtoȱtheȱshuttle’sȱ payloadȱ bayȱ andȱ removeȱ theȱ newȱ CMGȱ fromȱ x EV3:ȱȱAndersonȱ whereȱ itȱ isȱ stowedȱ onȱ externalȱ stowageȱ platȬ formȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3).ȱTheȱstation’sȱroboticȱarmȱwillȱbeȱ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ usedȱtoȱtransferȱtheȱCMGȱtoȱESPȬ2,ȱlocatedȱonȱ x EVAȱOperations:ȱ theȱstarboardȱsideȱofȱtheȱQuestȱAirlock,ȱtoȱpreȬ pareȱitȱforȱinstallationȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱtruss.ȱ Egress/SetȬupȱ(01:00)ȱ
CMG #3 on Z1 EV1:ȱSASAȱRelocationȱ(01:55)ȱ EV3:ȱP1ȱBSPȱandȱXPDRȱInstallȱ(01:55)ȱ
CETAȱCartȱRelocationȱ(02:00)ȱ New CMG on ESP-3 in Orbiter Payload Bay EV1:ȱȱZ1ȱSASAȱGimbalȱBoltsȱ(00:30)ȱ MISSEȱ3/4ȱRetrievalȱ(00:30)ȱ
EV3:ȱȱP6ȱTransponderȱRetrievalȱ(01:00)ȱ
CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:35)ȱ
Theȱprimaryȱpurposeȱofȱtheȱthirdȱspacewalkȱisȱ toȱ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ relocationȱ ofȱ theȱ P6ȱ truss,ȱ plannedȱ forȱ theȱ STSȬ120ȱ mission,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ October.ȱ
Oneȱofȱtheȱprimaryȱtasksȱisȱtoȱrelocateȱtwoȱcrewȱ CMG IA stowage andȱ equipmentȱ translationȱ aidȱ (CETA)ȱ cartsȱ location on ESP-2 fromȱ theȱ portȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ station’sȱ Mobileȱ ȱ Transporterȱ toȱ itsȱ starboardȱ side.ȱ Thisȱ willȱ alȬ lowȱ theȱ Mobileȱ Transporterȱ toȱ moveȱ toȱ theȱ properȱworksiteȱwhenȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱisȱrelocated.ȱ
58 SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Duringȱtheȱspacewalk,ȱMastracchioȱandȱAnderȬ EVA 4 (IF ADDITIONAL DAYS ADDED TO sonȱalsoȱwillȱupgradeȱtheȱportȱSȬbandȱcommuȬ MISSION) nicationsȱ system.ȱ Usingȱ theȱ station’sȱ roboticȱ arm,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ moveȱ theȱ SȬbandȱ antennaȱ x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ subȬassembly,ȱorȱSASA,ȱfromȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱtoȱtheȱ P1.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ astronautsȱ willȱ thenȱ installȱ aȱ newȱ x EV3:ȱȱAndersonȱ SȬbandȱtransponderȱandȱbasebandȱsignalȱprocȬ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ essorȱ toȱ P1ȱ andȱ activateȱ it.ȱ Togetherȱ withȱ theȱ relocatedȱ SASAȱ antenna,ȱ theȱ newȱ transponderȱ x EVAȱOperations:ȱ andȱ processorȱ provideȱ upgradedȱ voiceȱ comȬ municationsȱforȱtheȱstation.ȱȱȱ Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:20)ȱ
MastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱretrieveȱtheȱ OBSSȱBoomȱStandȱInstallȱ(01:00)ȱ P6ȱ transponderȱ soȱ thatȱ itȱ canȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ EV2:ȱGPSȱAntennaȱ#4ȱRemoveȱ(00:40)ȱ Earthȱ whereȱ itȱ willȱ beȱ upgradedȱ andȱ availableȱ forȱ aȱ futureȱ mission.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ engageȱ theȱ Z1ȱ EV3:ȱP6ȱAuxȱBagȱMoveȱ(00:30)ȱ SASAȱgimbalȱlocksȱtoȱprepareȱthemȱforȱtheȱnextȱ missionȱ andȱ recoverȱ someȱ materialȱ experiȬ EWISȱAntennaȱInstallȱ(01:30)ȱ ments,ȱMISSEȱexperimentsȱ3ȱandȱ4,ȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱ LabȱMMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ(00:30)ȱ Earth.ȱ NodeȱMMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ(00:30)ȱ P6 SASA Removal CP1ȱWETAȱAntennaȱInstallȱ(01:15)ȱ
x Timeȱpermittingȱbasedȱonȱ P1 SASA Install MMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ
CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:45)ȱ BSP/XPDR Install Ifȱ missionȱ managersȱ addȱ threeȱ moreȱ daysȱ andȱ anotherȱ spacewalk,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ installȱ orbitalȱ supportȱ equipmentȱ forȱ theȱ CETA Cart Relocations Orbiterȱ Boomȱ Sensorȱ Systemȱ (OBSS)ȱ onȱ theȱ S1ȱtruss.ȱ Thisȱ installationȱ willȱ allowȱ theȱ addiȬ tionȱ ofȱ aȱ 50Ȭfootȱ inspectionȱ boomȱ assemblyȱ (IBA)ȱ duringȱ STSȬ123,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ Februaryȱ 2008.ȱTheȱboomȱassemblyȱwillȱbeȱusedȱforȱheatȱ shieldȱ inspectionsȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ124ȱ mission,ȱ targetedȱforȱApril.ȱ MISSE Retrieval TheȱOBSSȱprovidesȱtheȱcapabilityȱtoȱinspectȱtheȱ ȱ shuttleȱ forȱ thermalȱ protectionȱ systemȱ (TPS)ȱ damageȱand,ȱifȱneeded,ȱtoȱprovideȱaȱplatformȱtoȱ performȱ TPSȱ repairȱ duringȱ aȱ spacewalk.ȱ Theȱ
JULY 2007 SPACEWALKS 59
ȱ ȱ ȱ IBAȱ willȱ consistȱ ofȱ twoȱ laserȱ sensors,ȱ aȱ specialȱ Ifȱ timeȱ permits,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ alsoȱ blackȱ andȱ whiteȱ TVȱ cameraȱ (ITVC),ȱ anȱ inteȬ willȱ secureȱ theȱ debrisȱ shieldsȱ onȱ theȱ station’sȱ gratedȱ sensorȱ inspectionȱ systemȱ (ISIS)ȱ digitalȱ labȱandȱNodeȱ1.ȱDuringȱSTSȬ117,ȱspacewalkersȱ camera,ȱ aȱ panȱ andȱ tiltȱ unit,ȱ twoȱ grappleȱ fixȬ wereȱunableȱtoȱfullyȱfastenȱtheȱshieldsȱandȱusedȱ tures,ȱandȱEVAȱhandȬholds.ȱ tethersȱtoȱholdȱthemȱinȱplace.ȱ
TheȱcrewȱalsoȱwillȱinstallȱtheȱS3ȱWirelessȱVideoȱ SystemȱExternalȱTransceiverȱAssemblyȱ(WETA)ȱ onȱcameraȱportȱ1ȱonȱtheȱS3ȱtrussȱtoȱprovideȱbetȬ terȱ wirelessȱ videoȱ coverageȱ duringȱ futureȱ misȬ sions.ȱ
Additionalȱ tasksȱ thatȱ mayȱ beȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ OBSS OSE Install spacewalkȱincludeȱretrievingȱfailedȱglobalȱposiȬ tioningȱsatelliteȱantennaȱNo.ȱ4ȱandȱinstallingȱtheȱ Externalȱ Wirelessȱ Instrumentationȱ Systemȱ InȬ WETA Install stallationȱAntenna.ȱTheȱcrewȱalsoȱwillȱmoveȱtheȱ P6ȱ Auxiliaryȱ Bag,ȱ whichȱ holdsȱ contingencyȱ spacewalkȱtools,ȱfromȱP6ȱtoȱtheȱDestinyȱlab.ȱTheȱ moveȱtoȱaȱmoreȱcentralizedȱareaȱisȱexpectedȱtoȱ saveȱ spacewalkingȱ timeȱ shouldȱ theȱ toolsȱ beȱ needed.ȱ
ȱ
60 SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT ȱ NASA’sȱOfficeȱofȱEducationȱaimsȱtoȱstrengthenȱ NASAȇsȱ Johnsonȱ Spaceȱ Centerȱ inȱ Houston.ȱ NASAȱ andȱ theȱ nation’sȱ futureȱ workforceȱ byȱ Theirȱ assignmentsȱ areȱ noȱ differentȱ thanȱ thoseȱ attractingȱ andȱ retainingȱ studentsȱ inȱ science,ȱ givenȱotherȱastronauts.ȱ technology,ȱ engineeringȱ andȱ mathematics,ȱ orȱ STEM,ȱdisciplines.ȱTheȱEducatorȱAstronautȱProȬ TheȱEAPȱcollaboratesȱwithȱitsȱNetworkȱofȱEduȬ jectȱ (EAP)ȱ isȱ partȱ ofȱ NASA’sȱ Elementaryȱ andȱ catorȱ Astronautȱ Teachersȱ (NEAT)ȱ toȱ developȱ Secondaryȱ Educationȱ Program.ȱ NASAȱ believesȱ additionalȱ waysȱ toȱ provideȱ teachersȱ uniqueȱ thatȱ byȱ increasingȱ theȱ numberȱ ofȱ studentsȱ inȬ professionalȱdevelopmentȱopportunities,ȱwhichȱ volvedȱ inȱ NASAȬrelatedȱ activitiesȱ atȱ theȱ eleȬ willȱ strengthenȱ theȱ overallȱ teachingȱ ofȱ STEMȱ mentaryȱ andȱ secondaryȱ educationȱ levelsȱ moreȱ disciplines.ȱ NEATȱ isȱ currentlyȱ comprisedȱ ofȱ studentsȱwillȱbeȱinspiredȱandȱmotivatedȱtoȱpurȬ approximatelyȱ 190ȱ teachersȱ fromȱ aroundȱ theȱ sueȱhigherȱlevelsȱofȱSTEMȱcourses.ȱ country,ȱ excellentȱ educatorsȱ whoȱ appliedȱ inȱ 2003,ȱ butȱ wereȱ notȱ selectedȱ forȱ educatorȱ astroȬ TheȱEAPȱfacilitatesȱeducationȱopportunitiesȱandȱ nautȱ positions.ȱ NASAȱ providesȱ NEATȱ withȱ activitiesȱ thatȱ useȱ theȱ uniqueȱ environmentȱ ofȱ professionalȱ developmentȱ throughȱ nationalȱ spaceflight.ȱ Itȱ buildsȱ uponȱ spaceȱ explorationȱ conferencesȱ andȱ workshopsȱ atȱ NASA’sȱ fieldȱ andȱtheȱexperiencesȱofȱastronautsȱtoȱlaunchȱtheȱ centers.ȱ Theyȱ receiveȱ NASAȱ educationȱ reȬ nextȱgenerationȱofȱexplorers.ȱ sources,ȱspecialȱtrainingȱandȱareȱofferedȱuniqueȱ NASAȱexperiences.ȱ NASAȱhasȱselectedȱeducatorsȱwithȱexpertiseȱinȱ kindergartenȱthroughȱ12thȬgradeȱclassroomsȱtoȱ NASAȱ Educationȱ andȱ theȱ EAPȱ areȱ planningȱ aȱ trainȱ toȱ becomeȱ fullyȱ qualifiedȱ astronauts.ȱ varietyȱ ofȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ thatȱ willȱ giveȱ NASAȱwillȱsendȱeducatorsȱtoȱspaceȱsoȱthatȱtheyȱ students,ȱ educatorsȱ andȱ familiesȱ theȱ opportuȬ canȱ useȱ theirȱ skillsȱ andȱ experiencesȱ asȱ classȬ nityȱ toȱ engageȱ inȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ before,ȱ roomȱ teachersȱ toȱ connectȱ spaceȱ explorationȱ toȱ duringȱandȱ afterȱtheȱflight.ȱEducatorȱresourcesȱ theȱclassroom.ȱByȱutilizingȱtheirȱtalentsȱasȱeduȬ areȱavailableȱonline.ȱ catorsȱ andȱ theȱ uniqueȱ platformȱ ofȱ spaceflight,ȱ theseȱ astronautsȱ canȱ offerȱ aȱ newȱ avenueȱ forȱ EDUCATION PAYLOAD OPERATIONS imaginationȱ andȱ ingenuityȱ forȱ teachersȱ andȱ (EPO) theirȱclassrooms.ȱ Overview Thereȱareȱfourȱeducatorsȱinȱtheȱastronautȱcorps,ȱ EducationȱPayloadȱOperationsȱ(EPO)ȱisȱanȱeduȬ BarbaraȱMorgan,ȱJoeȱAcaba,ȱRickyȱ Arnoldȱandȱ cationȱ payloadȱ orȱ activityȱ designedȱ toȱ supportȱ Dottieȱ MetcalfȬLindenburger.ȱ Morganȱ isȱ asȬ NASA‘sȱmissionȱtoȱinspireȱtheȱnextȱgenerationȱ signedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ onȱ STSȬ118.ȱ ofȱexplorers.ȱGenerally,ȱtheseȱpayloadsȱandȱacȬ Acaba,ȱArnoldȱandȱMetcalfȬLindenburgerȱcomȬ tivitiesȱfocusȱonȱdemonstratingȱscience,ȱmatheȬ pletedȱ theirȱ initialȱ astronautȱ trainingȱ inȱ FebruȬ matics,ȱ technology,ȱ engineeringȱ orȱ geographyȱ aryȱ2006.ȱTheyȱnowȱsupportȱvariousȱaspectsȱofȱ principlesȱ onȱ orbit.ȱ EPOȱ goalsȱ andȱ objectivesȱ theȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱandȱspaceȱshutȬ areȱmetȱbyȱcapturingȱvideoȱandȱstillȱimagesȱofȱ tleȱ operationsȱ inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ atȱ
JULY 2007 EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT 61
ȱ ȱ ȱ theȱcrewȱoperatingȱEPOȱhardware.ȱTheȱimagesȱ EPO-Kit C areȱusedȱtoȱsupportȱNASAȱeducationȱproductsȱ andȱservices.ȱTheȱoverallȱgoalȱforȱeveryȱmissionȱ EPOȬKitȱCȱisȱanȱeducationȱpayloadȱconsistingȱofȱ isȱtoȱfacilitateȱeducationȱopportunitiesȱthatȱuseȱ twoȱ smallȱ collapsibleȱ plantȱ growthȱ chambersȱ theȱuniqueȱenvironmentȱofȱspaceflight.ȱ andȱ theȱ associatedȱ hardwareȱ toȱ conductȱ aȱ 20Ȭdayȱ plantȱ germinationȱ investigationȱ (Seeȱ InȱsupportȱofȱSTSȬ118,ȱNASAȱEducationȱhasȱputȱ Figureȱ below).ȱ Duringȱ theȱ investigation,ȱ crewȱ togetherȱ aȱ comprehensiveȱ educationȱ planȱ deȬ membersȱwillȱmaintainȱtheȱplantsȱandȱwillȱcapȬ signedȱ toȱ engageȱ studentsȱ inȱ theȱ missionȱ tureȱ stillȱ imagesȱ ofȱ plantȱ growth.ȱ Allȱ imagesȱ throughȱ anȱ engineeringȱ designȱ challengeȱ inȱ willȱ beȱ incorporatedȱ intoȱ aȱ comprehensiveȱ setȱ whichȱ studentsȱ willȱ design,ȱ buildȱ andȱ assessȱ ofȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ plannedȱ inȱ associationȱ theirȱ ownȱ plantȱ growthȱ chambersȱ forȱ futureȱ withȱSTSȬ118ȱandȱExpeditionȱ15.ȱ missionsȱ toȱ theȱ moon.ȱ Theȱ challengeȱ tiesȱ diȬ EPO- Educator rectlyȱ toȱ theȱ twoȱ educationȱ payloadsȱ plannedȱ forȱSTSȬ118ȱ(EPOȱKitȱCȱandȱEPOȱEducator).ȱ EPOȬEducatorȱisȱanȱeducationȱpayloadȱconsistȬ EPOȱEducatorȱisȱmanifestedȱforȱlaunchȱandȱreȬ ingȱofȱapproximatelyȱ10ȱmillionȱbasilȱseeds.ȱTheȱ turnȱonȱflightȱSTSȬ118,ȱwhileȱEPOȱKitȱCȱisȱmaniȬ seedsȱwillȱlaunchȱandȱreturnȱwithȱSTSȬ118.ȱAfȬ festedȱ forȱ launchȱ onȱ STSȬ118ȱ andȱ returnȱ onȱ terȱtheȱmission,ȱtheȱseedsȱwillȱbeȱdistributedȱtoȱ STSȬ120,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ October.ȱ Theȱ investigaȬ studentsȱandȱeducatorsȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱcomprehenȬ tionsȱandȱrelatedȱactivitiesȱwillȱhaveȱstrongȱtiesȱ siveȱ educationȱ planȱ forȱ STSȬ118.ȱ OnȬorbitȱ opȬ toȱ NASA’sȱ Visionȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Exploration,ȱ enȬ erationsȱ includeȱ capturingȱ stillȱ imagesȱ ofȱ theȱ couragingȱ studentsȱ toȱ pursueȱ studiesȱ andȱ caȬ seedsȱ inȱ aȱ microgravityȱ environment.ȱ Theȱ stillȱ reersȱ inȱ STEMȱ fieldsȱ andȱ applyingȱ theseȱ disciȬ imagesȱwillȱbeȱincorporatedȱintoȱaȱsetȱofȱeducaȬ plinesȱtoȱfutureȱexplorationȱgoals.ȱ tionȱactivities.ȱ
ȱȱ
ȱ EPOȱKitȱCȱHardwareȱandȱPlantȱGrowthȱChamberȱ
ȱ
62 EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ Bothȱ EPOȬKitȱ Cȱ andȱ EPOȬEducatorȱ alignȱ withȱ (CLCs)ȱacrossȱtheȱnation,ȱenablingȱ400,000ȱstuȬ groundȬbasedȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ beingȱ dentsȱandȱ25,000ȱteachersȱtoȱexperienceȱaȱsimuȬ plannedȱinȱconjunctionȱwithȱSTSȬ118.ȱAsȱpartȱofȱ latedȱ spaceȱ missionȱ eachȱ year.ȱ Theȱ Robertȱ L.ȱ theseȱ activities,ȱ studentsȱ inȱ kindergartenȱ Fordȱ Schoolȱ NASAȱ Explorerȱ Schoolȱ isȱ aȱ fullȬ throughȱ12thȱgradeȱwillȱplan,ȱdesign,ȱbuildȱandȱ serviceȱ communityȱ schoolȱ thatȱ offersȱ aȱ varietyȱ validateȱtheȱperformanceȱofȱtheirȱplantȱgrowthȱ ofȱ servicesȱ toȱ helpȱ supportȱ familiesȱ andȱ stuȬ chamberȱdesignȱusingȱflownȱandȱcontrolȱseedsȱ dents.ȱ byȱ conductingȱ scientificȱ investigationsȱ ofȱ theirȱ choosing.ȱ EDUCATION ACTIVITIES In-flight Education Downlinks NASAȱ Educationȱ developedȱ aȱ Webȱ presenceȱ forȱ STSȬ118,ȱ http://www.nasa.gov/sts118.ȱ Thisȱ Dependingȱ onȱ missionȱ activities,ȱ Morganȱ andȱ siteȱprovidesȱaȱcentralȱlocationȱforȱallȱinformaȬ selectedȱ crewȱ membersȱ willȱ participateȱ inȱ atȱ tionȱrelatedȱtoȱeducationȱopportunities.ȱTheȱsiteȱ leastȱoneȱandȱperhapsȱasȱmanyȱasȱthreeȱlive,ȱinȬ containsȱaȱvarietyȱofȱinformationȱonȱeventsȱandȱ flightȱ educationȱ downlinks.ȱ Downlinksȱ affordȱ opportunities,ȱ educationȱ challenges,ȱ educationȱ educationȱ audiencesȱ theȱ opportunityȱ toȱ learnȱ materials,ȱrelatedȱstoriesȱandȱpartnerships.ȱTheȱ firstȬhandȱfromȱspaceȱexplorersȱwhatȱitȱisȱlikeȱtoȱ “Eventsȱ andȱ Opportunities”ȱ sectionȱ involvesȱ liveȱ andȱ workȱ inȱ space.ȱ Downlinksȱ areȱ apȬ currentȱ opportunitiesȱ toȱ engageȱ inȱ conferencesȱ proximatelyȱ 20ȱ minutesȱ inȱ lengthȱ andȱ allowȱ andȱworkshops.ȱ studentsȱ andȱ educatorsȱ toȱ interactȱ withȱ theȱ crewsȱ onȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ Theȱ “Educationȱ Challenges”ȱ sectionȱ involvesȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ throughȱ aȱ questionȱ andȱ answerȱ opportunitiesȱ toȱ engageȱ studentsȱ inȱ excitingȱ session.ȱ Theseȱ eventsȱ areȱ broadcastȱ liveȱ onȱ learningȱ experiences.ȱ Theȱ “Educationȱ MateriȬ NASAȱTV.ȱ als”ȱ sectionȱ includesȱ focusedȱ materialsȱ conȬ nectedȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ objectives.ȱ Theȱ Theȱ threeȱ locationsȱ chosenȱ forȱ inȬflightȱ educaȬ “Relatedȱ Storiesȱ &ȱ Profiles”ȱ sectionȱ portraysȱ tionalȱ downlinks,ȱ missionȱ eventsȱ permitting,ȱ storiesȱ relatedȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ crewȱ andȱ theirȱ areȱ theȱ Discoveryȱ Centerȱ ofȱ Idahoȱ (DCI)ȱ inȱ interactionȱ withȱ educationȱ audiences.ȱ Throughȱ Boise,ȱtheȱChallengerȱLearningȱCenterȱinȱAlexȬ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ profiles,ȱ studentsȱ andȱ teachersȱ willȱ andria,ȱVa.,ȱandȱtheȱRobertȱL.ȱFordȱKȬ8ȱNASAȱ learnȱmoreȱaboutȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱspaceȱshuttleȱmisȬ ExplorerȱSchoolȱinȱLynn,ȱMass.ȱ sionȱ throughȱ aȱ behindȬtheȬscenesȱ lookȱ fromȱ aȱ fewȱmembersȱofȱtheȱteamȱthatȱareȱpreparingȱforȱ DCIȱ isȱ aȱ handsȬonȱ scienceȱ museumȱ directlyȱ theȱflight.ȱAtȱtheȱsameȱtime,ȱreadersȱwillȱlearnȱ servingȱ 100,000ȱ visitorsȱ (agesȱ 1Ȭ100)ȱ aȱ yearȱ inȱ moreȱaboutȱsomeȱofȱtheȱmanyȱdiverseȱjobsȱperȬ southwesternȱ Idaho.ȱ DCIȱ hasȱ educationalȱ proȬ formedȱbyȱtheȱNASAȱworkforce.ȱTheȱ“PartnerȬ gramsȱ thatȱ serveȱ 30,000ȱ studentsȱ statewide.ȱ ships”ȱ sectionȱ includesȱ theȱ organizationsȱ thatȱ ChallengerȱCenterȱforȱSpaceȱScienceȱEducationȱ NASAȱ hasȱ partneredȱ withȱ toȱ involveȱ studentsȱ (CCSSE)ȱisȱaȱnotȬforȬprofitȱeducationȱorganizaȬ inȱ theȱ excitementȱ ofȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ tionȱfoundedȱbyȱtheȱfamiliesȱofȱtheȱshuttleȱChalȬ mission.ȱ lengerȱastronautsȱlostȱinȱ1986.ȱFromȱthisȱevent,ȱ theȱChallengerȱfamiliesȱandȱCCSSEȱdevelopedȱaȱ networkȱ ofȱ 49ȱ Challengerȱ Learningȱ Centersȱ
JULY 2007 EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT 63
ȱ ȱ ȱ Ground-Based Activities sign/assessȱ trackȱ willȱ beȱ offeredȱ inȱ orderȱ toȱ makeȱ theȱ challengeȱ attractiveȱ toȱ bothȱ teachersȱ FromȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱEducationȱhomeȱpage,ȱformalȱ withȱexperienceȱinȱengineeringȱandȱtechnologyȱ andȱ informalȱ educatorsȱ canȱ engageȱ theirȱ stuȬ educationȱandȱthoseȱthatȱmayȱnotȱhaveȱasȱmuchȱ dentsȱ inȱ activitiesȱ thatȱ connectȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ comfortȱteachingȱdesign,ȱand/orȱclassroomȱtimeȱ missionȱobjectives.ȱLearnȱmoreȱbyȱpreparingȱforȱ toȱbuildȱaȱchamberȱprototype.ȱ andȱ followingȱ theȱ mission.ȱ Preparationȱ forȱ theȱ educationȱ missionȱ activitiesȱ isȱ separatedȱ intoȱ TheȱengineeringȱdesignȱchallengeȱwillȱofferȱlesȬ twoȱ categories:ȱ Engineeringȱ Designȱ andȱ SusȬ sonȱ guides,ȱ extensions,ȱ assessments,ȱ andȱ releȬ tainingȱ Life.ȱ Theȱ missionȱ activitiesȱ areȱ organȬ vantȱ backgroundȱ materials.ȱ Teachingȱ tipsȱ andȱ izedȱaccordingȱtoȱaȱbroadȱoverviewȱofȱaȱmissionȱ strategies,ȱadviceȱfromȱNASAȱplantȱresearchers,ȱ timeline,ȱ includingȱ “Endeavourȱ liftsȱ off,”ȱ “EnȬ andȱ recommendationsȱ fromȱ NASAȱ designȱ enȬ deavourȱdocksȱtoȱtheȱISS”ȱandȱ“EndeavourȱunȬ gineersȱ willȱ beȱ incorporatedȱ intoȱtheȱ challengeȱ docksȱfromȱtheȱISS.”ȱ website.ȱAȱcareerȱcornerȱwillȱbeȱestablishedȱonȱ theȱWebȱsiteȱtoȱhighlightȱtheȱdifferentȱareasȱofȱ Engineering Design Challenge studyȱthatȱareȱrelatedȱtoȱplantȱgrowthȱresearchȱ ToȱmarkȱMorgan’sȱfirstȱflight,ȱNASA’sȱExploraȬ andȱengineeringȱdesign.ȱ tionȱ Systemsȱ Missionȱ Directorateȱ (ESMD)ȱ andȱ Onceȱaȱsystemȱisȱbuiltȱorȱobtainedȱ(andȱtheȱdeȬ Officeȱ ofȱ Educationȱ areȱ coȬsponsoringȱ aȱ stanȬ signȱevaluated),ȱregisteredȱteachersȱareȱeligibleȱ dardsȬbasedȱ Engineeringȱ Designȱ Challengeȱ forȱ toȱreceiveȱaȱsetȱofȱbasilȱseeds,ȱflownȱonȱSTSȬ118ȱ studentsȱ inȱ kindergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ grade.ȱ withȱEducatorȱAstronautȱBarbaraȱMorgan,ȱwithȱ ThisȱwillȱbeȱtheȱprimaryȱfocusȱforȱgroundȬbasedȱ whichȱ toȱ validateȱ theȱ performanceȱ ofȱ theȱ sysȬ educationȱ activitiesȱ alignedȱ withȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ temȱandȱrunȱadditionalȱexperiments.ȱParkȱSeedȱ mission. CompanyȱhasȱpartneredȱwithȱNASAȱtoȱprovideȱ Inȱthisȱchallenge,ȱstudentsȱwillȱbeȱchargedȱwithȱ andȱ packageȱ theȱ seedsȱ forȱ educationȱ distribuȬ designingȱaȱplantȱgrowthȱsystemȱforȱtheȱmoonȱ tion.ȱ Approximatelyȱ 100,000ȱ setsȱ ofȱ STSȬ118ȱ thatȱ canȱ beȱ eitherȱ deliveredȱ toȱ theȱ moonȱ asȱ aȱ seedsȱ willȱ beȱ madeȱ available.ȱ Controlȱ (nonȬ completeȱ unit,ȱ orȱ assembledȱ onȱ theȱ lunarȱ surȬ spaceȱ flown)ȱ basilȱ seedsȱ willȱ alsoȱ beȱ providedȱ face.ȱGivenȱaȱbasicȱsetȱofȱrequirementsȱandȱconȬ byȱParkȱSeedȱCompany.ȱ straints,ȱ studentsȱ willȱ design,ȱ analyze,ȱ buildȱ EducatorsȱmayȱobtainȱfromȱNASAȱaȱcertificateȱ andȱ assessȱ theȱ system.ȱ Allȱ elementsȱ ofȱ theȱ deȬ ofȱ participationȱ byȱ completingȱ aȱ finalȱ evaluaȬ signȱ challengeȱ willȱ mapȱ toȱ standardsȱ inȱ techȬ tionȱ ofȱ theȱ engineeringȱ designȱ challenge.ȱ ProȬ nologyȱ (whichȱ includesȱ engineeringȱ design),ȱ fessionalȱdevelopmentȱforȱeducatorsȱwillȱbeȱofȬ scienceȱandȱmathematics. feredȱthroughȱtheȱITEA,ȱNASAȱCenters,ȱatȱeduȬ Theȱ challengeȱ isȱ beingȱ developedȱ inȱ cooperaȬ catorȱ conferences,ȱ NASAȱ Educatorȱ Resourceȱ tionȱ withȱ Internationalȱ Technologyȱ Educationȱ Centers,ȱandȱthroughȱotherȱNASAȱprojectsȱsuchȱ Associationȱ (ITEA)ȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ offered,ȱ freeȱ ofȱ asȱNASAȱExplorerȱSchoolsȱandȱAerospaceȱEduȬ charge,ȱthroughȱtheȱNASAȱWebȱsite.ȱItȱwillȱbeȱ cationȱ Servicesȱ Project.ȱ Activeȱ engagementȱ ofȱ presentedȱ inȱ versionsȱ appropriateȱ forȱ elemenȬ educatorsȱwillȱalsoȱbeȱpursuedȱthroughȱeducaȬ tary,ȱmiddle,ȱandȱhighȱschoolȱteachers.ȱInȱaddiȬ tionalȱpromotionȱtoȱprincipals,ȱstateȱscienceȱsuȬ tionȱ toȱ aȱ design/build/assessȱ track,ȱ aȱ deȬ pervisors,ȱandȱcurriculumȱdevelopers.ȱTheȱNaȬ
64 EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ tionalȱScienceȱTeachersȱAssociationȱisȱalsoȱpartȬ space.ȱ Theyȱ alsoȱ willȱ performȱ physicalȱ activiȬ neringȱwithȱNASAȱtoȱprovideȱaȱguideȱonȱhowȱ ties,ȱ including:ȱ Baseȱ Stationȱ WalkȬBack,ȱ SpaceȬ toȱconductȱaȱscientificȱexperiment.ȱ walking,ȱ Jumpingȱ forȱ theȱ Moon,ȱ andȱ aȱ simuȬ latedȱ crewȱ strengthȱ trainingȱ exercise.ȱ Theȱ Fitȱ Pennant Design Challenge Explorerȱ projectȱ willȱ startȱ withȱ theȱ launchȱ ofȱ Studentsȱcreatedȱaȱdesign,ȱconductedȱresearch,ȱ STSȬ118ȱandȱisȱtargetedȱforȱstudentsȱinȱelemenȬ andȱwroteȱanȱessayȱaboutȱtheȱdesign’sȱconnecȬ taryȱschool.ȱ tionȱ toȱ exploration.ȱ Theȱ pennantȱ designȱ wasȱ Additional Information basedȱ onȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ missionȱ orȱ NASA’sȱ Visionȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Exploration.ȱ Inȱ May,ȱ Educatorsȱ areȱ encouragedȱ toȱ signȱ upȱ forȱ theȱ oneȱoverallȱwinnerȱwasȱselectedȱthroughȱonlineȱ Educationȱ Expressȱ emailȱ mailingȱ listȱ viaȱ theȱ votingȱ atȱ KOL,ȱ AOL’sȱ serviceȱ forȱ kids.ȱ Theȱ NASAȱ Portalȱ toȱ receiveȱ updatesȱ onȱ theȱ engiȬ winningȱ designȱ willȱ beȱ flownȱ aboardȱ spaceȱ neeringȱ designȱ challenge,ȱ informationȱ onȱ howȱ shuttleȱEndeavourȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.ȱ toȱregisterȱforȱtheȱseeds,ȱasȱwellȱasȱotherȱrelatedȱ activitiesȱandȱeventsȱthatȱsurroundȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱ Physical Fitness Challenge mission.
NASAȇsȱ Fitȱ Explorerȱ projectȱ isȱ aȱ scientificȱ andȱ http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/ physicalȱapproachȱtoȱhumanȱhealthȱandȱfitnessȱ topnav/mailinglist/ onȱEarthȱandȱinȱspace.ȱWhileȱusingȱaȱstandardsȬ basedȱscienceȱactivityȱsetȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱ Forȱadditionalȱinformationȱpleaseȱcheckȱout:ȱ shuttleȱ missionȱ andȱ humanȱ spaceflightȱ inȱ genȬ http://www.nasa.gov/sts118 eral,ȱstudentsȱwillȱlearnȱaboutȱNASAȇsȱexploraȬ tionȱ missionȱ andȱ theȱ requirementsȱ ofȱ livingȱ inȱ
JULY 2007 EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT 65
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Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
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66 MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ EXPERIMENTS ȱ DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVES inȱtheȱshuttleȱtrackedȱwellȱwithȱtheȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱ station.ȱ Theȱ stationȱ crewȱ didȱ notȱ reportȱ anyȱ Detailedȱ Testȱ Objectivesȱ (DTOs)ȱ areȱ aimedȱ atȱ symptoms.ȱ testing,ȱevaluatingȱorȱdocumentingȱspaceȱshutȬ tleȱ systemsȱ orȱ hardware,ȱ orȱ proposedȱ imȬ Dataȱ samplingȱ locationsȱ forȱ theȱ testȱ areȱ deȬ provementsȱtoȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱorȱspaceȱstationȱ pendentȱ uponȱ crewȱ sleepȱ locationsȱ andȱ highȱ hardware,ȱsystemsȱandȱoperations.ȱ activityȱlocationsȱbecauseȱtheȱpostȬsleepȱactivityȱ periodȱ andȱ highȱ activityȱ periodsȱ areȱ theȱ timesȱ SuchȱexperimentsȱassignedȱtoȱSTSȬ118ȱareȱlistedȱ whenȱ CO2ȱ symptomsȱ wasȱ reportedȱ byȱ theȱ below.ȱ STSȬ121ȱandȱ115ȱcrews.ȱ
DTO 853 In-Flight Evaluation for Areas Duringȱ theȱ fourȱ missions,ȱ theȱ crewȱ willȱ placeȱ of CO2 Concentration theȱCDMȱinȱtheȱmiddeckȱbeforeȱtheyȱgoȱtoȱsleepȱ soȱ thatȱ groundȱ controllersȱ canȱ monitorȱ CO2ȱ Theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ theȱ DTOȱ isȱ toȱ evaluateȱ carbonȱ levelsȱ continuously.ȱ Theȱ informationȱ willȱ beȱ dioxideȱ(CO2)ȱlevelsȱatȱspecificȱtimesȱduringȱtheȱ usedȱ toȱ identifyȱ CO2ȱ “hotȱ spots”ȱ withinȱ theȱ missionȱ andȱ inȱ shuttleȱ areasȱ thatȱ haveȱ theȱ poȬ shuttle.ȱ tentialȱtoȱcontainȱelevatedȱlevels.ȱTheȱDTOȱwillȱ beȱ carriedȱ outȱ overȱ fourȱ missions,ȱ includingȱ Asȱ aȱ result,ȱ engineeringȱ evaluationsȱ willȱ beȱ STSȬ118,ȱSTSȬ120,ȱSTSȬ122ȱandȱSTSȬ123.ȱDuringȱ madeȱtoȱfineȬtuneȱairȱexchangeȱanalyses,ȱtoȱdeȬ theȱ missions,ȱ theȱ dataȱ willȱ beȱ collectedȱ overȱ aȱ termineȱifȱanyȱconfigurationȱchangesȱareȱnecesȬ periodȱofȱfiveȱdays,ȱduringȱsimilarȱtimeȱperiodsȱ saryȱtoȱoptimizeȱairflowȱandȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱopȬ andȱinȱsimilarȱlocations.ȱ erationalȱ improvementsȱ areȱ neededȱ orȱ ifȱ crewȱ exposureȱtimeȱinȱidentifiedȱareasȱshouldȱbeȱlimȬ TheȱCO2ȱlevelsȱwillȱbeȱrecordedȱusingȱtheȱCarȬ ited.ȱ bonȱ Dioxideȱ Monitorȱ (CDM)ȱ —ȱ aȱ portableȱ handheldȱ deviceȱ designedȱ toȱ monitorȱ andȱ CDMȱ technologyȱ wasȱ successfullyȱ usedȱ toȱ deȬ quantifyȱCO2ȱconcentrations.ȱ termineȱ theȱ existenceȱ ofȱ CO2ȱ pocketsȱ onȱ theȱ spaceȱ station.ȱ Theȱ kitȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ onȱ theȱ Theȱ testȱ wasȱ promptedȱ byȱ theȱ STSȬ121ȱ andȱ shuttleȱwillȱincludeȱtheȱCDM,ȱfiltersȱandȱseveralȱ STSȬ115ȱmissionȱcrewsȱwhoȱreportedȱexperiencȬ batteryȱpacks.ȱTheȱCDMȱisȱcapableȱofȱmonitorȬ ingȱ stuffinessȱ andȱ headachesȱ whileȱ sleepingȱ inȱ ingȱ CO2ȱ inȱ aȱ localizedȱ areaȱ forȱ eitherȱ longȱ orȱ theȱ middeckȱ area.ȱ Theȱ symptomsȱ areȱ believedȱ shortȱdurationsȱofȱtime,ȱdependingȱonȱtheȱoperȬ toȱmostȱlikelyȱresultȱfromȱexposureȱtoȱhighȱlevȬ atingȱmode.ȱ elsȱofȱCO2.ȱ SDTO 13005-U ISS Structural Life and ForȱtheȱreportedȱtimesȱduringȱSTSȬ121ȱandȱ115,ȱ Life Validation and Extension theȱCO2ȱlevelsȱwithinȱtheȱcrewȱmodule,ȱasȱindiȬ catedȱ byȱ theȱ vehicleȱ instrumentation,ȱ wereȱ Theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ thisȱ Stationȱ Developmentȱ Testȱ withinȱ theȱ acceptableȱ range.ȱ Additionally,ȱ forȱ Objectiveȱ (SDTO)ȱ isȱ toȱ guaranteeȱ safetyȱ ofȱ theȱ theȱcourseȱofȱtheȱdockedȱphase,ȱtheȱCO2ȱlevelsȱ stationȱstructureȱandȱcrewȱbyȱvalidatingȱtheȱonȬ
JULY 2007 EXPERIMENTS 67
ȱ ȱ ȱ orbitȱ mathȱ modelsȱ thatȱ wereȱ createdȱ forȱ theȱ Human Research Experiments spaceȱ station.ȱ Theȱ testȱwillȱ beȱ usedȱ toȱ validateȱ criticalȱ interfaceȱ loadȱ andȱ toȱ helpȱ improveȱ faȬ Incidenceȱ ofȱ Latentȱ Virusȱ Shieldingȱ duringȱ tigueȱlifeȱpredictionȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱ Spaceflightȱ (Latentȱ Virus)ȱ willȱ determineȱ theȱ frequenciesȱ ofȱ reactivationȱ ofȱ latentȱ virusesȱ —ȱ Duringȱ thisȱ mission,ȱ ifȱ crewȱ timeȱ isȱ available,ȱ inactiveȱ virusesȱinȱtheȱbodyȱthatȱcanȱbeȱreactiȬ threeȱ testsȱ willȱ beȱ performed:ȱ oneȱ duringȱ theȱ vated,ȱ suchȱ asȱ coldȱ soresȱ —ȱ andȱ clinicalȱ disȬ shuttleȬstationȱ matedȱ reboost,ȱ oneȱ duringȱ unȬ easesȱafterȱexposureȱtoȱtheȱphysical,ȱphysiologiȬ dockingȱ andȱ oneȱ duringȱ S5ȱ trussȱ installation.ȱ cal,ȱandȱpsychologicalȱstressorsȱassociatedȱwithȱ Theȱ testsȱ willȱ provideȱ dynamicȱ loadsȱ informaȬ spaceflight.ȱ Understandingȱ latentȱ virusȱ reactiȬ tionȱ forȱ engineersȱ toȱ useȱ inȱ creatingȱ preciseȱ vationȱmayȱbeȱcriticalȱtoȱcrewȱhealthȱduringȱexȬ modelsȱ thatȱ canȱ beȱ usedȱ forȱ analysis.ȱ OnȬorbitȱ tendedȱspaceȱmissionsȱwhenȱcrewȱmembersȱliveȱ dataȱmayȱaidȱinȱdetectingȱstructuralȱanomalies,ȱ andȱworkȱinȱaȱclosedȱenvironment.ȱ andȱ theȱ station’sȱ responseȱ toȱ actualȱ loadingȱ eventsȱ aidsȱ inȱ postȬflightȱ reconstructionȱ ofȱ Testȱ ofȱ Midodrineȱ asȱ aȱ Countermeasureȱ loadsȱthatȱhelpȱdetermineȱstructuralȱlifeȱusage.ȱ Againstȱ PostȬFlightȱ Orthostaticȱ Hypotensionȱ (Midodrine)ȱisȱaȱtestȱofȱtheȱabilityȱofȱtheȱdrugȱ Theȱ testȱ requiresȱ actualȱ orȱ educatedȱ estimatesȱ midodrineȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱincidenceȱorȱseverityȱofȱ ofȱ inputȱ (forcingȱ function)ȱ andȱ actualȱ outputȱ orthostaticȱhypotension.ȱIfȱsuccessful,ȱitȱwillȱbeȱ (onȬorbitȱ sensorȱ measurements)ȱ ofȱ theȱ stationȱ employedȱasȱaȱcountermeasureȱtoȱtheȱdizzinessȱ response.ȱ Measurementȱofȱ theȱ forceȱ inputȱ (i.e.,ȱ causedȱ byȱ theȱ bloodȬpressureȱ decreaseȱ thatȱ thrusterȱ firingȱ sequences,ȱ videoȱ ofȱ crewȱ activȬ manyȱ astronautsȱ experienceȱ uponȱ returningȱ toȱ ity,ȱ etc.)ȱ andȱ stationȱ responseȱ willȱ aidȱ reconȬ theȱEarthȇsȱgravity.ȱ structionȱofȱstationȱloadsȱandȱstructuralȱlifeȱusȬ ageȱ overȱ theȱ lifeȱ ofȱ theȱ station,ȱ thusȱ allowingȱ Perceptualȱ Motorȱ Deficitsȱ inȱ Spaceȱ (PMDIS)ȱ lifeȱextensionȱofȱtheȱstructure.ȱ willȱinvestigateȱwhyȱastronautsȱexperienceȱdifȬ ficultyȱ withȱ handȬeyeȱ coordinationȱ whileȱ inȱ AllȱofȱtheȱonȬorbitȱdynamicȱtestsȱwereȱalsoȱperȬ space.ȱTheseȱmeasurementsȱwillȱbeȱusedȱtoȱdisȬ formedȱonȱtheȱISSȬOrbiterȱmatedȱconfigurationȱ tinguishȱ betweenȱ threeȱ possibleȱ explanations:ȱ models.ȱ theȱ brainȱ notȱ adaptingȱ toȱ theȱ nearȱ weightlessȬ nessȱ ofȱ space;ȱ theȱ difficultyȱ ofȱ performingȱ fineȱ SHORT-DURATION RESEARCH TO BE movementsȱ whenȱ floatingȱ inȱ space;ȱ andȱ stressȱ COMPLETED DURING STS-118/13A.1 dueȱtoȱfactorsȱsuchȱasȱspaceȱsicknessȱandȱsleepȱ deprivation.ȱ Thisȱ experimentȱ isȱ aȱ cooperativeȱ Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ andȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ StaȬ effortȱwithȱtheȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgency.ȱ tionȱ haveȱ anȱ integratedȱ researchȱ programȱ thatȱ optimizesȱ useȱ ofȱ shuttleȱ crewȱ membersȱ andȱ Bioavailablityȱ andȱ Performanceȱ Effectsȱ ofȱ longȬdurationȱ spaceȱ stationȱ crewȱ membersȱ inȱ Promethazineȱ duringȱ Spaceflightȱ (PMZ)ȱ willȱ addressingȱ researchȱ questionsȱ inȱ aȱ varietyȱ ofȱ examineȱtheȱperformanceȬimpactingȱsideȬeffectsȱ disciplines.ȱ ofȱ promethazineȱ andȱ itsȱ bioavailabilityȱ —ȱ theȱ degreeȱ toȱ whichȱ aȱ drugȱ canȱ beȱ absorbedȱ andȱ usedȱbyȱtheȱpartsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱonȱwhichȱitȱisȱinȬ tendedȱ toȱ haveȱ anȱ effect.ȱ Promethazineȱ isȱ aȱ
68 EXPERIMENTS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ medicationȱtakenȱbyȱastronautsȱtoȱpreventȱmoȬ bloodȱvesselȱdevelopmentȱwhichȱisȱaȱkeyȱcomȬ tionȱsickness.ȱ ponentȱofȱwoundȱandȱtissueȱrepair.ȱ
SleepȬWakeȱ Actigraphyȱ andȱ Lightȱ Exposureȱ Streptococcusȱ pneumoniaeȱ Geneȱ Expressionȱ duringȱ SpaceflightȱȬȱShortȱ (SleepȬShort)ȱ willȱ andȱ Virulenceȱ Potentialȱ inȱ theȱ Spaceȱ EnviȬ examineȱtheȱeffectsȱofȱspaceflightȱonȱtheȱsleepȬ ronmentȱ (SPEGIS)ȱ willȱ examineȱ theȱ behaviorȱ wakeȱ cyclesȱ ofȱ theȱ astronautsȱ duringȱ shuttleȱ andȱ growthȱ ofȱ bacteriaȱ inȱ microgravity.ȱ Theȱ missions.ȱAdvancingȱstateȬofȬtheȬartȱtechnologyȱ dataȱcollectedȱwillȱgiveȱinsightȱonȱwhatȱtypesȱofȱ forȱ monitoring,ȱ diagnosingȱ andȱ assessingȱ bacterialȱ infectionsȱ mayȱ occurȱ duringȱ longȬ treatmentȱ ofȱ sleepȱ patternsȱ isȱ vitalȱ toȱ treatingȱ durationȱ spaceȱ missionsȱ andȱ theȱ risksȱ toȱ crewȱ insomniaȱonȱEarthȱandȱinȱspace.ȱ members.ȱ Biological Science Investigations Educational Activities
Commercialȱ Biomedicalȱ Testȱ ModuleȱȬȱ2ȱ Educationȱ Payloadȱ OperationsȱȬȱEducatorȱ (CBTMȬ2)ȱwillȱuseȱaȱvalidatedȱmouseȱmodelȱtoȱ (EPOȱȬȱEducator)ȱ willȱ useȱ videoȱ andȱ stillȱ phoȬ examineȱ theȱ effectivenessȱ ofȱ anȱ experimentalȱ tographyȱ toȱ captureȱ dataȱ ofȱ experimentȱ activiȬ therapeuticȱ asȱ aȱ possibleȱ countermeasureȱ forȱ tiesȱ inȱ space.ȱ Studentsȱ alsoȱ willȱ beȱ designingȱ muscleȱ atrophy.ȱ Combinedȱ withȱ exercise,ȱ thisȱ andȱ completingȱ groundȬbasedȱ investigationsȱ experimentalȱtherapeuticȱdevelopedȱbyȱtheȱbioȬ developedȱ byȱ theȱ NASAȱ Educationȱ Office,ȱ foȬ technologyȱ company,ȱ Amgen,ȱ couldȱ oneȱ dayȱ cusingȱ onȱ kindergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ gradeȱ formȱ theȱ basisȱ forȱ aȱ treatmentȱ thatȱ willȱ helpȱ students.ȱ Theȱ activitiesȱ willȱ supportȱ educatorȱ maintainȱ aȱ highȱ levelȱ ofȱ physicalȱ fitnessȱ inȱ fuȬ astronautsȱinȱtheirȱmissions.ȱAnȱeducatorȱastroȬ tureȱflightȱcrews.ȱ nautȱisȱaȱfullȬtimeȱastronautȱwhoȱhasȱexperienceȱ teachingȱinȱelementary,ȱmiddleȱschool,ȱorȱhighȱ Cellȱ Cultureȱ ModuleȱȬȱImmuneȱ Responseȱ ofȱ schoolȱclassrooms.ȱ Humanȱ Monocytesȱ inȱ Microgravityȱ (CCMȬ Immuneȱ Response)ȱ isȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Defenseȱ Spaceflight Technology Tests SpaceȱTestȱProgramȱresearchȱthatȱusesȱcellȱculȬ tureȱinȱmicrogravityȱasȱaȱmodelȱofȱreducedȱimȬ Mauiȱ Analysisȱ ofȱ Upperȱ Atmosphericȱ InjecȬ muneȱfunction.ȱThisȱinvestigationȱwillȱexamineȱ tionsȱ (MAUI)ȱ willȱ observeȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ theȱresponseȱofȱhumanȱimmuneȱcellsȱinȱmicroȬ engineȱ exhaustȱ plumesȱ fromȱ theȱ Mauiȱ Spaceȱ gravityȱtoȱnewȱchitosanȬbasedȱantibacterials.ȱ Surveillanceȱ Siteȱ inȱ Hawaii.ȱ Theȱ observationsȱ willȱ occurȱ whenȱ theȱ shuttleȱ firesȱ itsȱ enginesȱatȱ Cellȱ Cultureȱ ModuleȱȬȱEffectȱ ofȱ Microgravityȱ nightȱorȱtwilight.ȱAȱtelescopeȱandȱallȬskyȱimagȬ onȱ Woundȱ Repair:ȱ Inȱ Vitroȱ Modelȱ ofȱ Newȱ ersȱwillȱtakeȱimagesȱandȱdataȱwhileȱtheȱshuttleȱ BloodȱVesselȱDevelopmentȱ(CCMȬWoundȱReȬ fliesȱoverȱtheȱMauiȱsite.ȱTheȱimagesȱwillȱbeȱanaȬ pair)ȱisȱDepartmentȱofȱDefenseȱSpaceȱTestȱProȬ lyzedȱ toȱ betterȱ understandȱ theȱ interactionȱ beȬ gramȱ researchȱ thatȱ usesȱ cellȱ cultureȱ inȱ microȬ tweenȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ plumeȱ andȱ theȱ upperȱ atȬ gravityȱ asȱ aȱ modelȱ ofȱ woundȱ healing.ȱ Thisȱ inȬ mosphere.ȱ vestigationȱisȱdirectedȱatȱtheȱuseȱofȱadiposeȱdeȬ rivedȱadultȱstemȱcellsȱforȱuseȱinȱinjuryȱrepair.ȱItȱ Ramȱ Burnȱ Observationsȱ (RAMBO)ȱ isȱ anȱ exȬ willȱ examineȱ howȱ microgravityȱ altersȱ newȱ perimentȱ inȱ whichȱ theȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Defenseȱ usesȱ aȱ satelliteȱ toȱ observeȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ orbitalȱ
JULY 2007 EXPERIMENTS 69
ȱ ȱ ȱ maneuveringȱsystemȱengineȱburns.ȱTheȱstudyȇsȱ Technology Test Samples purposeȱ isȱ toȱ improveȱ plumeȱ models,ȱ whichȱ predictȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱtheȱplume,ȱorȱrisingȱcolȬ Capillaryȱ Flowȱ Experimentȱ (CFE)ȱ isȱ aȱ suiteȱ ofȱ umnȱ ofȱ exhaust,ȱ asȱ theȱ shuttleȱ maneuversȱ onȱ fluidȱphysicsȱexperimentsȱthatȱinvestigateȱcapilȬ orbit.ȱ Understandingȱ thisȱ flowȱ directionȱ couldȱ laryȱflowsȱandȱflowsȱofȱfluidsȱinȱcontainersȱwithȱ beȱsignificantȱtoȱtheȱsafeȱarrivalȱandȱdepartureȱ complexȱ geometries.ȱ Resultsȱ willȱ improveȱ curȬ ofȱspacecraftȱonȱcurrentȱandȱfutureȱexplorationȱ rentȱcomputerȱmodelsȱthatȱareȱusedȱbyȱdesignȬ missions.ȱ ersȱ ofȱ lowȱ gravityȱ fluidȱ systemsȱ andȱ mayȱ imȬ proveȱ fluidȱ transferȱ systemsȱ onȱ futureȱ spaceȬ ISS RESEARCH SAMPLES RETURNED craft.ȱ ON STS-118/13A.1 Elasticȱ Memoryȱ Compositeȱ Hingeȱ (EMCH)ȱ Human Research Experiment Samples willȱ studyȱ theȱ performanceȱ ofȱ aȱ newȱ typeȱ ofȱ compositeȱhingeȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱitȱisȱsuitableȱforȱ Nutritionalȱ Statusȱ Assessmentȱ (Nutrition)ȱ isȱ useȱ inȱ space.ȱ Theȱ experimentȱ willȱ useȱ elasticȱ NASAȇsȱmostȱcomprehensiveȱinȬflightȱstudyȱtoȱ memoryȱ hingesȱ toȱ moveȱ anȱ attachedȱ massȱ atȱ dateȱ ofȱ humanȱ physiologicȱ changesȱ duringȱ oneȱend.ȱMaterialsȱtestedȱinȱthisȱexperimentȱareȱ longȬdurationȱ spaceflight;ȱ thisȱ includesȱ measȬ strongerȱandȱlighterȱthanȱcurrentȱmaterialȱusedȱ uresȱ ofȱ boneȱ metabolism,ȱ oxidativeȱ damage,ȱ inȱspaceȱhingesȱandȱcouldȱbeȱusedȱinȱtheȱdesignȱ nutritionalȱassessmentsȱandȱhormonalȱchanges.ȱ ofȱfutureȱspacecraft.ȱ Thisȱ studyȱ willȱ impactȱ bothȱ theȱ definitionȱ ofȱ nutritionalȱ requirementsȱ andȱ developmentȱ ofȱ Materialsȱ onȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ foodȱsystemsȱforȱfutureȱspaceȱexplorationȱmisȬ ExperimentȱȬȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱ(MISSEȱȬȱ3ȱandȱ4)ȱareȱtheȱ sionsȱ toȱ theȱ moonȱ andȱ Mars.ȱ Thisȱ experimentȱ thirdȱandȱfourthȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱfiveȱsuitcaseȬsizedȱ alsoȱwillȱhelpȱtoȱunderstandȱtheȱimpactȱofȱcounȬ testȱ bedsȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ outsideȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ termeasuresȱ—ȱexerciseȱandȱpharmaceuticalsȱ—ȱ station.ȱ Theȱ stationȱ crewȱ deployedȱ theȱ bedsȱ onȱnutritionalȱstatusȱandȱnutrientȱrequirementsȱ duringȱ aȱ spacewalkȱ inȱ Augustȱ 2006.ȱ Theyȱ areȱ forȱastronauts.ȱ exposingȱhundredsȱofȱpotentialȱspaceȱconstrucȬ tionȱmaterialsȱandȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱsolarȱcellsȱ Aȱ Comprehensiveȱ Characterizationȱ ofȱ MicroȬ toȱtheȱharshȱenvironmentȱofȱspace.ȱMountedȱtoȱ organismsȱ andȱ Allergensȱ inȱ Spacecraftȱ theȱspaceȱstationȱforȱapproximatelyȱaȱyear,ȱtheȱ (SWAB)ȱ willȱ useȱ advancedȱ molecularȱ techȬ equipmentȱ thenȱ willȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ Earthȱ forȱ niquesȱ toȱ comprehensivelyȱ evaluateȱ microbesȱ study.ȱInvestigatorsȱwillȱuseȱtheȱresultingȱdataȱ onȱ theȱ spaceȱ station,ȱ includingȱ pathogensȱ (orȬ toȱ designȱ stronger,ȱ moreȱ durableȱ spacecraft.ȱ ganismsȱ thatȱ mayȱ causeȱ disease).ȱ Itȱ alsoȱ willȱ MISSEȱ1,ȱ2ȱandȱ5ȱalreadyȱhaveȱbeenȱreturnedȱtoȱ trackȱ changesȱ inȱ theȱ microbialȱ communityȱ asȱ Earthȱforȱanalysis.ȱ spacecraftȱ visitȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ newȱ stationȱ Life Sciences Samples modulesȱ areȱ added.ȱ Thisȱ studyȱ willȱ allowȱ anȱ assessmentȱ ofȱ theȱ riskȱ ofȱ microbesȱ toȱ theȱ crewȱ Thresholdȱ Accelerationȱ forȱ Gravisensingȱ andȱtheȱspacecraft.ȱ (Gravi)ȱwillȱdetermineȱtheȱminimumȱamountȱofȱ artificialȱgravityȱneededȱtoȱcauseȱlentilȱseedlingȱ rootsȱ toȱ startȱ growingȱ inȱ aȱnewȱ direction.ȱ Thisȱ
70 EXPERIMENTS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ workȱsupportsȱfutureȱeffortsȱtoȱgrowȱsufficientȱ crewȱ membersȱ duringȱ longȬdurationȱ staysȱ onȱ edibleȱcropsȱonȱlongȬdurationȱspaceȱmissions.ȱ theȱspaceȱstation.ȱ
Analysisȱ ofȱ aȱ Novelȱ Sensoryȱ Mechanismȱ inȱ Exploration Technology Testing Rootȱ Phototropismȱ (Tropi)ȱ sproutedȱ ArabiȬ dopsisȱ thalianaȱ (thaleȱ cress)ȱ plantsȱ fromȱ seedsȱ Analyzingȱ Interferometerȱ forȱ Ambientȱ Airȱ underȱ differentȱ frequenciesȱ ofȱ lightȱ andȱ levelsȱ (ANITA)ȱ willȱ monitorȱ 32ȱ gaseousȱ contamiȬ ofȱartificialȱgravity.ȱTheȱplantsȱwillȱbeȱanalyzedȱ nants,ȱ includingȱ formaldehyde,ȱ ammoniaȱ andȱ atȱtheȱmolecularȱlevelȱtoȱdetermineȱwhatȱgenesȱ carbonȱ monoxide,ȱ inȱ theȱ stationȱ atmosphere.ȱ areȱ responsibleȱ forȱ successfulȱ plantȱ growthȱ inȱ TheȱexperimentȱwillȱtestȱtheȱaccuracyȱandȱreliȬ microgravity.ȱ abilityȱ ofȱ thisȱ technologyȱ asȱ aȱ potentialȱ nextȬ generationȱ atmosphereȱ traceȬgasȱ monitoringȱ ADDITIONAL ISS RESEARCH FROM systemȱforȱtheȱstation.ȱ NOW UNTIL THE END OF SmokeȱandȱAerosolȱMeasurementȱExperimentȱ EXPEDITION 15 (SAME)ȱwillȱmeasureȱtheȱsmokeȱproperties,ȱorȱ Human Research Experiments particleȱ sizeȱ distribution,ȱ fromȱ typicalȱ spaceȬ craftȱ fireȱ smokesȱ toȱ identifyȱ waysȱ toȱ improveȱ Cardiovascularȱ andȱ Cerebrovascularȱ Controlȱ smokeȱdetectorsȱonȱfutureȱspacecraft.ȱ onȱReturnȱfromȱISSȱ(CCISS)ȱwillȱstudyȱtheȱefȬ Synchronizedȱ Positionȱ Hold,ȱ Engage,ȱ ReoriȬ fectsȱ ofȱ longȬdurationȱ spaceflightȱ onȱ crewȱ ent,ȱ Experimentalȱ Satellitesȱ (SPHERES)ȱ areȱ membersȇȱ heartȱ functionsȱ andȱ theirȱ bloodȱ vesȬ bowlingȬballȱsizedȱsphericalȱsatellites.ȱTheyȱwillȱ selsȱthatȱsupplyȱtheȱbrain.ȱLearningȱmoreȱaboutȱ beȱusedȱinsideȱtheȱspaceȱstationȱtoȱtestȱaȱsetȱofȱ theȱcardiovascularȱandȱcerebrovascularȱsystemsȱ wellȬdefinedȱ instructionsȱ forȱ spacecraftȱ perȬ couldȱ leadȱ toȱ specificȱ countermeasuresȱ thatȱ formingȱ autonomousȱ rendezvousȱ andȱ dockingȱ mightȱbetterȱprotectȱfutureȱspaceȱtravelers.ȱThisȱ maneuvers.ȱ Threeȱ freeȬflyingȱ spheresȱ willȱ flyȱ experimentȱ isȱ collaborativeȱ withȱ theȱ Canadianȱ withinȱ theȱ cabinȱ ofȱ theȱ station,ȱ performingȱ SpaceȱAgency.ȱ flightȱformations.ȱEachȱsatelliteȱisȱselfȬcontainedȱ AnalysisȱofȱAstronautȱJournalsȱ(Journals),ȱusȬ withȱpower,ȱpropulsion,ȱcomputersȱandȱnavigaȬ ingȱ journalsȱ keptȱ byȱ theȱ crewȱ andȱ surveys,ȱ isȱ tionȱ equipment.ȱ Theȱ resultsȱ areȱ importantȱ forȱ studyingȱtheȱeffectȱofȱisolation.ȱByȱquantifyingȱ satelliteȱservicing,ȱvehicleȱassemblyȱandȱformaȬ theȱimportanceȱofȱdifferentȱbehavioralȱissuesȱinȱ tionȱflyingȱspacecraftȱconfigurations.ȱ longȬdurationȱcrews,ȱtheȱstudyȱwillȱhelpȱNASAȱ Physical and Life Sciences designȱequipmentȱandȱproceduresȱ toȱallowȱasȬ tronautsȱ toȱ copeȱ effectivelyȱ withȱ isolationȱ andȱ BCATȬ3ȱ (Binaryȱ Colloidalȱ Alloyȱ Testȱ –ȱ 3):ȱ longȬdurationȱspaceflight.ȱ CrewsȱphotographedȱsamplesȱofȱcolloidalȱpartiȬ clesȱ (tinyȱ nanoscaleȱ spheresȱ suspendedȱ inȱ liqȬ SleepȬWakeȱ Actigraphyȱ andȱ Lightȱ Exposureȱ uid)ȱ toȱ documentȱ liquid/gasȱ phaseȱ changes,ȱ duringȱSpaceflightȬLongȱ(SleepȬLong)ȱwillȱexȬ growthȱofȱbinaryȱcrystals,ȱandȱtheȱformationȱofȱ amineȱ theȱ effectsȱ ofȱ spaceflightȱ andȱ ambientȱ colloidalȱ crystalsȱ confinedȱ toȱ aȱ surface.ȱ Dataȱ lightȱ exposureȱ onȱ theȱ sleepȬwakeȱ cyclesȱ ofȱ theȱ mayȱleadȱtoȱimprovementsȱinȱsupercriticalȱfluȬ idsȱ usedȱ inȱ rocketȱ propellantsȱ andȱ biotechnolȬ
JULY 2007 EXPERIMENTS 71
ȱ ȱ ȱ ogyȱ applications,ȱ andȱ advancementsȱ inȱ fiberȬ Mars.ȱ Thisȱ isȱ aȱ cooperativeȱ investigationȱ withȱ opticsȱtechnology.ȱ theȱEuropeanȱSpaceȱAgency,ȱESA.ȱ
Coarseningȱ inȱ Solidȱ Liquidȱ MixturesȬ2ȱ Earth Observations (CSLMȬ2)ȱexaminesȱtheȱkineticsȱofȱcompetitiveȱ particleȱ growthȱ withinȱaȱ liquidȱ matrix.ȱ Duringȱ Crewȱ Earthȱ Observationsȱ (CEO)ȱ takesȱ advanȬ thisȱ process,ȱ smallȱ particlesȱ shrinkȱ byȱ losingȱ tageȱofȱtheȱcrewȱinȱspaceȱtoȱobserveȱandȱphotoȬ atomsȱtoȱlargerȱparticles,ȱcausingȱtheȱlargerȱparȬ graphȱ naturalȱ andȱ humanȬmadeȱ changesȱ onȱ ticlesȱtoȱgrowȱ(coarsen)ȱwithinȱaȱliquidȱlead/tinȱ Earth.ȱTheȱphotographsȱrecordȱtheȱEarth’sȱsurȬ matrix.ȱThisȱstudyȱdefinedȱtheȱmechanismsȱandȱ faceȱ changesȱ overȱ time,ȱ alongȱ withȱ moreȱ fleetȬ ratesȱ ofȱ coarseningȱ thatȱ governȱ turbineȱ blades,ȱ ingȱeventsȱsuchȱasȱstorms,ȱfloods,ȱfiresȱandȱvolȬ dentalȱamalgamȱfillings,ȱironȱcopper,ȱetc.ȱ canicȱ eruptions.ȱ Together,ȱ theyȱ provideȱ reȬ searchersȱ onȱ Earthȱ withȱ vital,ȱ continuousȱ imȬ TheȱEffectȱofȱAnȱExperimentalȱTherapeuticȱonȱ agesȱtoȱbetterȱunderstandȱtheȱplanet.ȱ Reducingȱ theȱ Muscleȱ Atrophyȱ thatȱ Occursȱ inȱ Spaceflight.ȱ Thisȱ investigationȱ willȱ useȱ aȱ valiȬ CrewȱEarthȱObservationsȱȬȱInternationalȱPolarȱ datedȱ mouseȱ modelȱ toȱ examineȱ theȱ effectiveȬ Yearȱ (CEOȬIPY)ȱ isȱ anȱ internationalȱ collaboraȬ nessȱofȱanȱexperimentalȱtherapeuticȱdevelopedȱ tionȱofȱscientistsȱforȱtheȱobservationȱandȱexploȬ byȱ Amgenȱ asȱ aȱ possibleȱ countermeasureȱ forȱ rationȱ ofȱ Earth’sȱ Polarȱ Regionsȱ fromȱ 2007ȱ toȱ muscleȱ atrophy.ȱ Combinedȱ withȱ exercise,ȱ thisȱ 2009.ȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱcrewȱmembersȱ experimentalȱ therapeuticȱ couldȱ oneȱ dayȱ formȱ willȱ photographȱ polarȱ phenomenaȱ includingȱ theȱbasisȱforȱaȱtreatmentȱthatȱwillȱhelpȱmaintainȱ aurorasȱ andȱ mesosphericȱ cloudsȱ toȱ meetȱ reȬ aȱ highȱ levelȱ ofȱ physicalȱ fitnessȱ inȱ futureȱ flightȱ questsȱ fromȱ scientistsȱ conductingȱ groundȱ reȬ crews.ȱȱThisȱexperimentȱwillȱremainȱaboardȱtheȱ searchȱforȱtheȱInternationalȱPolarȱYear.ȱ shuttleȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱflight.ȱ Educational Activities
Microgravityȱ Accelerationȱ Measurementȱ SysȬ CommercialȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȱ temȱ (MAMS)ȱ andȱ Spaceȱ Accelerationȱ MeasȬ Scienceȱ InsertȱȬȱ02ȱ (CSIȬ02)ȱ isȱ anȱ educationalȱ urementȱ Systemȱ (SAMSȬII)ȱ measureȱ vibrationȱ payloadȱ designedȱ toȱ interestȱ middleȱ schoolȱ andȱquasiȬsteadyȱaccelerationsȱthatȱresultȱfromȱ studentsȱ inȱ science,ȱ technology,ȱ engineeringȱ vehicleȱ controlȱ burns,ȱ dockingȱ andȱ undockingȱ andȱmathȱbyȱparticipatingȱinȱnearȱrealȬtimeȱreȬ activities.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ differentȱ equipmentȱ packȬ searchȱconductedȱonȱboardȱtheȱstation.ȱStudentsȱ agesȱ measureȱ vibrationsȱ atȱ differentȱ frequenȬ willȱ observeȱ threeȱ experimentsȱ throughȱ dataȱ cies.ȱ andȱ imageryȱ downlinkedȱ andȱ distributedȱ diȬ Molecularȱ andȱ Plantȱ Physiologicalȱ Analysesȱ rectlyȱ intoȱ theȱ classroomȱ viaȱ theȱ Internet.ȱ Theȱ ofȱ theȱ Microgravityȱ Effectsȱ onȱ MultigeneraȬ firstȱisȱaȱseedȱgerminationȱexperimentȱthroughȱ tionȱ Studiesȱ ofȱ Arabidopsisȱ thalianaȱ (MultiȬ whichȱ studentsȱ willȱ learnȱ howȱ gravityȱ affectsȱ gen)ȱ willȱ growȱ Arabidopsisȱ thalianaȱ –ȱ aȱ smallȱ plantȱ development.ȱ Smallȱ seedsȱ willȱ beȱ develȬ floweringȱplantȱrelatedȱtoȱcabbageȱandȱmustardȱ opedȱ onȱ orbitȱ inȱ aȱ gardenȱ habitat.ȱ Theȱ secondȱ —ȱinȱorbitȱforȱthreeȱgenerations.ȱTheȱresultsȱofȱ experimentȱwillȱexamineȱcrystalȱgrowthȱformaȬ thisȱ investigationȱ willȱ supportȱ futureȱ plansȱ toȱ tionȱ usingȱ specificȱ typesȱ ofȱ proteinsȱ andȱ enȬ growȱ plantsȱ onȱ theȱ longȬdurationȱ transitȱ toȱ zymes,ȱ andȱ theȱ thirdȱ experimentȱ willȱ examineȱ crystalȱformationȱusingȱsilicatesȱ—ȱcompoundsȱ
72 EXPERIMENTS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ containingȱ silicon,ȱ oxygenȱ andȱ oneȱ orȱ moreȱ capturedȱwillȱbeȱusedȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱnationalȱenȬ metals.ȱForȱtheȱtwoȱcrystalȱgrowthȱexperiments,ȱ gineeringȱdesignȱchallengeȱforȱstudentsȱinȱkinȬ studentsȱ willȱ growȱ crystalsȱ inȱ theirȱ classroomsȱ dergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ grade.ȱ Onȱ theȱ ground,ȱ andȱ analyzeȱ growthȱ ofȱ thoseȱ comparedȱ toȱ theȱ studentsȱ willȱ growȱ basilȱ seedsȱ —ȱ controlȱ andȱ crystalsȱgrownȱinȱspace.ȱ flownȱseedsȱ—ȱinȱgrowthȱchambersȱtoȱconductȱ theirȱownȱscienceȱexperimentsȱonȱplantȱgrowth.ȱ Educationȱ Payloadȱ OperationsȱȬȱKitȱ Cȱ (EPOȱȬȱ KitȱC)ȱisȱanȱonȬorbitȱplantȱgrowthȱinvestigationȱ ȱ usingȱ basilȱ seeds.ȱ Theȱ stillȱ andȱ videoȱ imageryȱ
JULY 2007 EXPERIMENTS 73
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Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
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74 EXPERIMENTS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ȱ Duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ theȱ Advancedȱ turbopumpȱ health.ȱ Ifȱ vibrationȱ anomaliesȱ areȱ HealthȱManagementȱSystemȱ(AHMS)ȱ—ȱanȱenȬ detected,ȱtheȱsystemȱshutsȱtheȱengineȱdown.ȱ gineȱ improvementȱ systemȱ thatȱ shutsȱ downȱ anȱ engineȱ ifȱ anomaliesȱ areȱdetectedȱ —ȱwillȱ beȱ acȬ TheȱAHMSȱoperatedȱinȱmonitorȬonlyȱmodeȱonȱ tivelyȱoperatingȱonȱallȱthreeȱenginesȱforȱtheȱfirstȱ oneȱ engineȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ116ȱ missionȱ inȱ DeȬ time.ȱ Theȱ AHMSȱ collectsȱ andȱ processesȱ turȬ cemberȱ2006ȱandȱinȱactiveȬmodeȱonȱoneȱengineȱ bopumpȱ accelerometerȱ data,ȱ aȱ measureȱ ofȱ turȬ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ117ȱ missionȱ inȱ Juneȱ 2007.ȱ Dataȱ bopumpȱ vibration,ȱ andȱ continuouslyȱ monitorsȱ fromȱSTSȬ117ȱindicatedȱtheȱAHMSȱoperatedȱasȱ intended.
ȱ Theȱspaceȱshuttleȱmainȱengineȱisȱtheȱworldȇsȱmostȱsophisticatedȱreusableȱrocketȱengine.ȱȱ Duringȱaȱshuttleȱlaunch,ȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱthreeȱenginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱȱ eightȬandȬoneȬhalfȱminutesȱduringȱliftoffȱandȱascent.
JULY 2007 SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE AHMS 75
ȱ ȱ ȱ Whenȱaȱshuttleȱliftsȱoffȱtheȱlaunchȱpad,ȱitȱdoesȱ changesȱ toȱ theȱ mainȱ engineȱ controllerȱ provideȱ soȱ withȱ theȱ helpȱ ofȱ threeȱ reusable,ȱ highȱ perȬ theȱ capabilityȱ forȱ completelyȱ newȱ monitoringȱ formanceȱ rocketȱ engines.ȱ Eachȱ mainȱ engineȱ isȱ andȱ insightȱ intoȱ theȱ healthȱ ofȱ theȱ twoȱ mostȱ 14ȱfeetȱlongȱandȱ7.5ȱfeetȱinȱdiameterȱatȱtheȱnozȬ complexȱ componentsȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttle’sȱ zleȱ exit.ȱ Oneȱ engineȱ weighsȱ approximatelyȱ mainȱ engineȱ —ȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ fuelȱ turȬ 7,750ȱpoundsȱandȱgeneratesȱmoreȱthanȱ12ȱmilȬ bopumpȱ andȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ oxidizerȱ turȬ lionȱ horsepower,ȱ equivalentȱ toȱ moreȱ thanȱ fourȱ bopump.ȱ timesȱ theȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ Hooverȱ Dam.ȱ Theȱ enȬ ginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱ8.5ȱminutesȱduringȱliftȬ TheȱfuelȱandȱoxidizerȱturbopumpsȱrotateȱatȱapȬ offȱ andȱ ascentȱ —ȱ longȱ enoughȱ toȱ burnȱ moreȱ proximatelyȱ 34,000ȱ andȱ 23,000ȱ revolutionsȱ perȱ thanȱ 500,000ȱ gallonsȱ ofȱ superȬcoldȱ liquidȱ hyȬ minute,ȱ respectively.ȱ Toȱ operateȱ atȱ suchȱ exȬ drogenȱandȱliquidȱoxygenȱpropellantsȱstoredȱinȱ tremeȱ speeds,ȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ turbopumpsȱ theȱexternalȱfuelȱtank,ȱwhichȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱ useȱ highlyȱ specializedȱ bearingsȱ andȱ preciselyȱ shuttleȇsȱ underside.ȱ Liquidȱ oxygenȱ isȱ storedȱ atȱ balancedȱcomponents.ȱTheȱAHMSȱupgradeȱutilȬ Ȭ298ȱdegreesȱFahrenheit,ȱandȱliquidȱhydrogenȱisȱ izesȱ dataȱ fromȱ threeȱ existingȱ sensorsȱ (accelerȬ storedȱ atȱȬ423ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheit.ȱ Theȱ enginesȱ ometers)ȱmountedȱonȱeachȱofȱtheȱhighȬpressureȱ shutȱ downȱ justȱ beforeȱ theȱ shuttle,ȱ travelingȱ atȱ turbopumpsȱtoȱmeasureȱhowȱmuchȱeachȱpumpȱ aboutȱ17,000ȱmph,ȱreachesȱorbit.ȱ isȱ vibrating.ȱ Theȱ outputȱ dataȱ fromȱ theȱ accelerȬ ometersȱisȱroutedȱtoȱtheȱnewȱAHMSȱdigitalȱsigȬ Thisȱ engineȱ upgradeȱ significantlyȱ improvesȱ nalȱprocessorsȱinstalledȱinȱtheȱmainȱengineȱconȬ spaceȱ shuttleȱ flightȱ safetyȱ andȱ reliability.ȱ Theȱ troller.ȱ Theseȱ processorsȱ analyzeȱ theȱ sensorȱ upgrade,ȱdevelopedȱbyȱNASA’sȱMarshallȱSpaceȱ readingsȱ20ȱtimesȱperȱsecond,ȱlookingȱforȱvibraȬ FlightȱCenterȱinȱHuntsville,ȱAla.,ȱisȱaȱmodificaȬ tionȱanomaliesȱthatȱareȱindicativeȱofȱimpendingȱ tionȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ mainȱ engineȱ controller,ȱ failureȱofȱrotatingȱturbopumpȱcomponentsȱsuchȱ whichȱisȱtheȱonȬengineȱcomputerȱthatȱmonitorsȱ asȱ blades,ȱ impellers,ȱ inducersȱ andȱ bearings.ȱ Ifȱ andȱcontrolsȱallȱmainȱengineȱoperations.ȱ theȱ magnitudeȱ ofȱ anyȱ vibrationȱ anomalyȱ exȬ ceedsȱ safeȱ limits,ȱ theȱ upgradedȱ mainȱ engineȱ Theȱ modificationsȱ includeȱ theȱ additionȱ ofȱ adȬ controllerȱ immediatelyȱ shutsȱ downȱ theȱ unȬ vancedȱ digitalȱ signalȱ processors,ȱ radiationȬ healthyȱengine.ȱ hardenedȱ memoryȱ andȱ newȱ software.ȱ Theseȱ ȱ
76 SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE AHMS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA ȱ SHUTTLE ABORT MODES launchȱ site,ȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ approxiȬ matelyȱ25ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ RSLS Aborts Theȱ RTLSȱ profileȱ isȱ designedȱ toȱ accommodateȱ Theseȱ occurȱ whenȱ theȱ onȬboardȱ shuttleȱ comȬ theȱ lossȱ ofȱ thrustȱ fromȱ oneȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ putersȱdetectȱaȱproblemȱandȱcommandȱaȱhaltȱinȱ engineȱ betweenȱ liftoffȱ andȱ approximatelyȱ fourȱ theȱlaunchȱsequenceȱafterȱtakingȱoverȱfromȱtheȱ minutesȱ20ȱseconds,ȱatȱwhichȱtimeȱnotȱenoughȱ groundȱ launchȱ sequencerȱ andȱ beforeȱ solidȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ propellantȱ remainsȱ toȱ rocketȱboosterȱignition.ȱ returnȱtoȱtheȱlaunchȱsite.ȱAnȱRTLSȱcanȱbeȱconȬ Ascent Aborts sideredȱtoȱconsistȱofȱthreeȱstagesȱ—ȱaȱpoweredȱ stage,ȱduringȱwhichȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱmainȱenȬ Selectionȱofȱanȱascentȱabortȱmodeȱmayȱbecomeȱ ginesȱareȱstillȱthrusting;ȱanȱexternalȱtankȱseparaȬ necessaryȱifȱthereȱisȱaȱfailureȱthatȱaffectsȱvehicleȱ tionȱ phase;ȱ andȱ theȱ glideȱ phase,ȱ duringȱ whichȱ performance,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱfailureȱofȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ theȱ orbiterȱ glidesȱ toȱ aȱ landingȱ atȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ tleȱmainȱengineȱorȱanȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsysȬ SpaceȱCenter.ȱTheȱpoweredȱRTLSȱphaseȱbeginsȱ temȱ engine.ȱ Otherȱ failuresȱ requiringȱ earlyȱ terȬ withȱtheȱcrewȱselectionȱofȱtheȱRTLSȱabort,ȱafterȱ minationȱofȱaȱflight,ȱsuchȱasȱaȱcabinȱleak,ȱmightȱ solidȱrocketȱboosterȱseparation.ȱTheȱcrewȱselectsȱ alsoȱ requireȱ theȱ selectionȱ ofȱ anȱ abortȱ mode.ȱ theȱabortȱmodeȱbyȱpositioningȱtheȱabortȱrotaryȱ Thereȱareȱtwoȱbasicȱtypesȱofȱascentȱabortȱmodesȱ switchȱtoȱRTLSȱandȱdepressingȱtheȱabortȱpushȱ forȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ missions:ȱ intactȱ abortsȱ andȱ button.ȱTheȱtimeȱatȱwhichȱtheȱRTLSȱisȱselectedȱ contingencyȱ aborts.ȱ Intactȱ abortsȱ areȱ designedȱ dependsȱonȱtheȱreasonȱforȱtheȱabort.ȱForȱexamȬ toȱ provideȱ aȱ safeȱ returnȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ toȱ aȱ ple,ȱ aȱ threeȬengineȱ RTLSȱ isȱ selectedȱ atȱ theȱ lastȱ plannedȱ landingȱ site.ȱ Contingencyȱ abortsȱ areȱ moment,ȱ aboutȱ 3ȱ minutes,ȱ 34ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ theȱ designedȱtoȱpermitȱflightȱcrewȱsurvivalȱfollowȬ mission;ȱwhereasȱanȱRTLSȱchosenȱdueȱtoȱanȱenȬ ingȱmoreȱsevereȱfailuresȱwhenȱanȱintactȱabortȱisȱ gineȱoutȱatȱliftoffȱisȱselectedȱatȱtheȱearliestȱtime,ȱ notȱpossible.ȱAȱcontingencyȱabortȱwouldȱgenerȬ aboutȱ 2ȱ minutes,ȱ 20ȱsecondsȱ intoȱ theȱ missionȱ allyȱresultȱinȱaȱditchȱoperation.ȱ (afterȱsolidȱrocketȱboosterȱseparation).ȱ
Intact Aborts Afterȱ RTLSȱ isȱ selected,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ continuesȱ downrangeȱtoȱdissipateȱexcessȱmainȱpropulsionȱ Thereȱ areȱ fourȱ typesȱ ofȱ intactȱ aborts:ȱ abortȱ toȱ systemȱ propellant.ȱ Theȱ goalȱ isȱ toȱ leaveȱ onlyȱ orbitȱ (ATO),ȱ abortȱ onceȱ aroundȱ (AOA),ȱ transȬ enoughȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ propellantȱ toȱ oceanicȱ abortȱ landingȱ (TAL)ȱ andȱ returnȱ toȱ beȱableȱtoȱturnȱtheȱvehicleȱaround,ȱflyȱbackȱtoȬ launchȱsiteȱ(RTLS).ȱ wardȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Centerȱ andȱ achieveȱ Return to Launch Site theȱproperȱmainȱengineȱcutoffȱconditionsȱsoȱtheȱ vehicleȱcanȱglideȱtoȱtheȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ TheȱRTLSȱabortȱmodeȱisȱdesignedȱtoȱallowȱtheȱ afterȱ externalȱ tankȱ separation.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ returnȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiter,ȱ crewȱ andȱ payloadȱ toȱ theȱ downrangeȱphase,ȱaȱpitchȬaroundȱmaneuverȱisȱ initiatedȱ(theȱtimeȱdependsȱinȱpartȱonȱtheȱtimeȱ ofȱaȱspaceȱshuttleȱmainȱengineȱfailure)ȱtoȱorientȱ
JULY 2007 SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA 77
ȱ ȱ ȱ theȱ orbiter/externalȱ tankȱ configurationȱ toȱ aȱ RTLSȱopportunity,ȱmakingȱitȱimperativeȱtoȱlandȱ headsȬupȱ attitude,ȱ pointingȱ towardȱ theȱ launchȱ asȱquicklyȱasȱpossible.ȱ site.ȱ Atȱ thisȱ time,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ isȱ stillȱ movingȱ awayȱfromȱtheȱlaunchȱsite,ȱbutȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱ InȱaȱTALȱabort,ȱtheȱvehicleȱcontinuesȱonȱaȱbalȬ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ nowȱ thrustingȱ toȱ nullȱ theȱ listicȱ trajectoryȱ acrossȱ theȱ Atlanticȱ Oceanȱ toȱ downrangeȱvelocity.ȱInȱaddition,ȱexcessȱorbitalȱ landȱ atȱ aȱ predeterminedȱ runway.ȱ Landingȱ ocȬ maneuveringȱ systemȱ andȱ reactionȱ controlȱ sysȬ cursȱaboutȱ45ȱminutesȱafterȱlaunch.ȱTheȱlandingȱ temȱpropellantsȱareȱdumpedȱbyȱcontinuousȱorȬ siteȱ isȱ selectedȱ nearȱ theȱ normalȱ ascentȱ groundȱ bitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ andȱ reactionȱ controlȱ trackȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ toȱ makeȱ theȱ mostȱ efficientȱ systemȱengineȱthrustingsȱtoȱimproveȱtheȱorbiterȱ useȱ ofȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ propellant.ȱ weightȱandȱcenterȱofȱgravityȱforȱtheȱglideȱphaseȱ Theȱ landingȱ siteȱ alsoȱ mustȱ haveȱ theȱ necessaryȱ andȱlanding.ȱ runwayȱ length,ȱ weatherȱ conditionsȱ andȱ U.S.ȱ Stateȱ Departmentȱ approval.ȱ Theȱ threeȱ landingȱ Theȱvehicleȱwillȱreachȱtheȱdesiredȱmainȱengineȱ sitesȱthatȱhaveȱbeenȱidentifiedȱforȱaȱlaunchȱareȱ cutoffȱ pointȱ withȱ lessȱ thanȱ 2ȱ percentȱ excessȱ Zaragoza,ȱ Spain;ȱ Moron,ȱ Spain;ȱ andȱ Istres,ȱ propellantȱ remainingȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Atȱ France.ȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ minusȱ 20ȱ seconds,ȱ aȱ pitchȱ downȱ maneuverȱ (calledȱ poweredȱ pitchȬdown)ȱ Toȱ selectȱ theȱ TALȱ abortȱ mode,ȱ theȱ crewȱ mustȱ takesȱtheȱmatedȱvehicleȱtoȱtheȱrequiredȱexternalȱ placeȱ theȱ abortȱ rotaryȱ switchȱ inȱ theȱ TAL/AOAȱ tankȱ separationȱ attitudeȱ andȱ pitchȱ rate.ȱ Afterȱ positionȱandȱdepressȱtheȱabortȱpushȱbuttonȱbeȬ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ hasȱ beenȱ commanded,ȱ theȱ foreȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ (Depressingȱ itȱ afterȱ externalȱ tankȱ separationȱ sequenceȱ begins,ȱ inȬ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ selectsȱ theȱ AOAȱ abortȱ cludingȱ aȱ reactionȱ controlȱ systemȱ maneuverȱ mode).ȱ Theȱ TALȱ abortȱ modeȱ beginsȱ sendingȱ thatȱensuresȱthatȱtheȱorbiterȱdoesȱnotȱrecontactȱ commandsȱtoȱsteerȱtheȱvehicleȱtowardȱtheȱplaneȱ theȱ externalȱ tankȱ andȱ thatȱ theȱ orbiterȱ hasȱ ofȱtheȱlandingȱsite.ȱItȱalsoȱrollsȱtheȱvehicleȱheadsȱ achievedȱ theȱ necessaryȱ pitchȱ attitudeȱ toȱ beginȱ upȱ beforeȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ andȱ sendsȱ comȬ theȱglideȱphaseȱofȱtheȱRTLS.ȱ mandsȱtoȱbeginȱanȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱ propellantȱ dumpȱ (byȱ burningȱ theȱ propellantsȱ Afterȱtheȱreactionȱcontrolȱsystemȱmaneuverȱhasȱ throughȱ theȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ enȬ beenȱ completed,ȱ theȱ glideȱ phaseȱ ofȱ theȱ RTLSȱ ginesȱandȱtheȱreactionȱcontrolȱsystemȱengines).ȱ begins.ȱFromȱthenȱon,ȱtheȱRTLSȱisȱhandledȱsimiȬ ThisȱdumpȱisȱnecessaryȱtoȱincreaseȱvehicleȱperȬ larlyȱtoȱaȱnormalȱentry.ȱ formanceȱ (byȱ decreasingȱ weight),ȱ toȱ placeȱ theȱ centerȱofȱgravityȱinȱtheȱproperȱplaceȱforȱvehicleȱ Transoceanic Abort Landing controlȱ andȱ toȱ decreaseȱ theȱ vehicleȇsȱ landingȱ Theȱ TALȱ abortȱ modeȱ wasȱ developedȱ toȱ imȬ weight.ȱTALȱisȱhandledȱlikeȱaȱnormalȱentry.ȱ proveȱtheȱoptionsȱavailableȱwhenȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ Abort to Orbit tleȱmainȱengineȱfailsȱafterȱtheȱlastȱRTLSȱopporȬ tunityȱbutȱbeforeȱtheȱfirstȱtimeȱthatȱanȱAOAȱcanȱ AnȱATOȱisȱanȱabortȱmodeȱusedȱtoȱboostȱtheȱorȬ beȱ accomplishedȱ withȱ onlyȱ twoȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ biterȱ toȱ aȱ safeȱ orbitalȱ altitudeȱ whenȱ performȬ mainȱ enginesȱ orȱ whenȱ aȱ majorȱ orbiterȱ systemȱ anceȱhasȱbeenȱlostȱandȱitȱisȱimpossibleȱtoȱreachȱ failure,ȱforȱexample,ȱaȱlargeȱcabinȱpressureȱleakȱ theȱ plannedȱ orbitalȱ altitude.ȱ Ifȱ aȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ orȱ coolingȱ systemȱ failure,ȱ occursȱ afterȱ theȱ lastȱ mainȱ engineȱ failsȱ inȱ aȱ regionȱ thatȱ resultsȱ inȱ aȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ underȱ speed,ȱ theȱ Missionȱ Contingencyȱabortsȱdueȱtoȱsystemȱfailuresȱotherȱ Controlȱ Centerȱ willȱ determineȱ thatȱ anȱ abortȱ thanȱ thoseȱ involvingȱ theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ wouldȱ modeȱ isȱ necessaryȱ andȱ willȱ informȱ theȱ crew.ȱ normallyȱresultȱinȱanȱintactȱrecoveryȱofȱvehicleȱ Theȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱenginesȱwouldȱ andȱ crew.ȱ Lossȱ ofȱ moreȱ thanȱ oneȱ mainȱ engineȱ beȱusedȱtoȱplaceȱtheȱorbiterȱinȱaȱcircularȱorbit.ȱ may,ȱdependingȱonȱengineȱfailureȱtimes,ȱresultȱ inȱ aȱ safeȱ runwayȱ landing.ȱ However,ȱ inȱ mostȱ Abort Once Around threeȬengineȬoutȱ casesȱ duringȱ ascent,ȱ theȱ orȬ TheȱAOAȱabortȱmodeȱisȱusedȱinȱcasesȱinȱwhichȱ biterȱ wouldȱ haveȱ toȱ beȱ ditched.ȱ Theȱ inflightȱ vehicleȱ performanceȱ hasȱ beenȱ lostȱ toȱ suchȱ anȱ crewȱ escapeȱ systemȱ wouldȱ beȱ usedȱ beforeȱ extentȱ thatȱ eitherȱ itȱ isȱ impossibleȱ toȱ achieveȱ aȱ ditchingȱtheȱorbiter.ȱ viableȱorbitȱorȱnotȱenoughȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱ Abort Decisions systemȱpropellantȱisȱavailableȱtoȱaccomplishȱtheȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ thrustingȱ maneuȬ Thereȱ isȱ aȱ definiteȱ orderȱ ofȱ preferenceȱ forȱ theȱ verȱtoȱplaceȱtheȱorbiterȱonȱorbitȱandȱtheȱdeorbitȱ variousȱabortȱmodes.ȱTheȱtypeȱofȱfailureȱandȱtheȱ thrustingȱ maneuver.ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ anȱ AOAȱ isȱ timeȱofȱtheȱfailureȱdetermineȱwhichȱtypeȱofȱabortȱ usedȱinȱcasesȱinȱwhichȱaȱmajorȱsystemsȱproblemȱ isȱ selected.ȱ Inȱ casesȱ whereȱ performanceȱ lossȱ isȱ (cabinȱleak,ȱlossȱofȱcooling)ȱmakesȱitȱnecessaryȱ theȱ onlyȱ factor,ȱ theȱ preferredȱ modesȱ areȱ ATO,ȱ toȱ landȱ quickly.ȱ Inȱ theȱ AOAȱ abortȱ mode,ȱ oneȱ AOA,ȱ TALȱ andȱ RTLS,ȱ inȱ thatȱ order.ȱ Theȱ modeȱ orbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱthrustingȱsequenceȱ chosenȱisȱtheȱhighestȱoneȱthatȱcanȱbeȱcompletedȱ isȱ madeȱ toȱ adjustȱ theȱ postȬmainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ withȱtheȱremainingȱvehicleȱperformance.ȱ orbitȱ soȱ aȱ secondȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ thrustingȱ sequenceȱ willȱ resultȱ inȱ theȱ vehicleȱ Inȱ theȱ caseȱ ofȱ someȱ supportȱ systemȱ failures,ȱ deorbitingȱandȱlandingȱatȱtheȱAOAȱlandingȱsiteȱ suchȱasȱcabinȱleaksȱorȱvehicleȱcoolingȱproblems,ȱ (Whiteȱ Sands,ȱ N.M.;ȱ Edwardsȱ Airȱ Forceȱ Base,ȱ theȱ preferredȱ modeȱ mightȱ beȱ theȱ oneȱ thatȱ willȱ Calif.;ȱorȱtheȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenter,ȱFla).ȱThus,ȱ endȱ theȱ missionȱ mostȱ quickly.ȱ Inȱ theseȱ cases,ȱ anȱAOAȱresultsȱinȱtheȱorbiterȱcirclingȱtheȱEarthȱ TALȱ orȱ RTLSȱ mightȱ beȱ preferableȱ toȱ AOAȱ orȱ onceȱandȱlandingȱaboutȱ90ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ ATO.ȱ Aȱ contingencyȱ abortȱ isȱ neverȱ chosenȱ ifȱ anotherȱabortȱoptionȱexists.ȱ Afterȱ theȱ deorbitȱ thrustingȱ sequenceȱ hasȱ beenȱ executed,ȱtheȱflightȱcrewȱfliesȱtoȱaȱlandingȱatȱtheȱ Missionȱ Controlȱ Houstonȱ isȱ primeȱ forȱ callingȱ plannedȱ siteȱ muchȱ asȱ itȱ wouldȱ forȱ aȱ nominalȱ theseȱ abortsȱ becauseȱ itȱ hasȱ aȱ moreȱ preciseȱ entry.ȱ knowledgeȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȇsȱ positionȱ thanȱ theȱ crewȱcanȱobtainȱfromȱonȬboardȱsystems.ȱBeforeȱ Contingency Aborts mainȱengineȱcutoff,ȱMissionȱControlȱmakesȱpeȬ riodicȱcallsȱtoȱtheȱcrewȱtoȱtellȱthemȱwhichȱabortȱ Contingencyȱabortsȱareȱcausedȱbyȱlossȱofȱmoreȱ modeȱisȱ(orȱisȱnot)ȱavailable.ȱIfȱgroundȱcommuȬ thanȱ oneȱ mainȱ engineȱ orȱ failuresȱ inȱ otherȱ sysȬ nicationsȱareȱlost,ȱtheȱflightȱcrewȱhasȱonȬboardȱ tems.ȱLossȱofȱoneȱmainȱengineȱwhileȱanotherȱisȱ methods,ȱsuchȱasȱcueȱcards,ȱdedicatedȱdisplaysȱ stuckȱ atȱ aȱ lowȱ thrustȱ settingȱ alsoȱ mayȱ necessiȬ andȱdisplayȱinformation,ȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱabortȱ tateȱ aȱ contingencyȱ abort.ȱ Suchȱ anȱ abortȱ wouldȱ region.ȱ Whichȱ abortȱ modeȱ isȱ selectedȱ dependsȱ maintainȱ orbiterȱ integrityȱ forȱ inȬflightȱ crewȱ esȬ onȱ theȱ causeȱ andȱ timingȱ ofȱ theȱ failureȱ causingȱ capeȱ ifȱ aȱ landingȱ cannotȱ beȱ achievedȱ atȱ aȱ suitȬ theȱabortȱandȱwhichȱmodeȱisȱsafestȱorȱimprovesȱ ableȱlandingȱfield.ȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ missionȱsuccess.ȱIfȱtheȱproblemȱisȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ placedȱ onȱ theȱ launchȱ pad,ȱ andȱ theȱ flightȱ wasȱ tleȱmainȱengineȱfailure,ȱtheȱflightȱcrewȱandȱMisȬ rescheduledȱ behindȱ Discovery’sȱ launchȱ onȱ sionȱControlȱCenterȱselectȱtheȱbestȱoptionȱavailȬ STSȬ56.ȱ Columbiaȱ finallyȱ launchedȱ onȱ ableȱatȱtheȱtimeȱaȱmainȱengineȱfails.ȱ Aprilȱ26,ȱ1993.ȱ
IfȱtheȱproblemȱisȱaȱsystemȱfailureȱthatȱjeopardȬ (STS-51) Aug. 12, 1993 izesȱtheȱvehicle,ȱtheȱfastestȱabortȱmodeȱthatȱreȬ TheȱcountdownȱforȱDiscovery’sȱthirdȱlaunchȱatȬ sultsȱ inȱ theȱ earliestȱ vehicleȱ landingȱ isȱ chosen.ȱ temptȱ endedȱ atȱ theȱ TȬ3ȱ secondȱ markȱ whenȱ onȬ RTLSȱ andȱ TALȱ areȱ theȱ quickestȱ optionsȱ boardȱ computersȱ detectedȱ theȱ failureȱ ofȱ oneȱ ofȱ (35ȱminutes),ȱ whereasȱ anȱ AOAȱ requiresȱ aboutȱ fourȱsensorsȱinȱmainȱengineȱNo.ȱ2ȱwhichȱmonitorȱ 90ȱminutes.ȱWhichȱofȱtheseȱisȱselectedȱdependsȱ theȱ flowȱ ofȱ hydrogenȱ fuelȱ toȱ theȱ engine.ȱ Allȱ ofȱ onȱtheȱtimeȱofȱtheȱfailureȱwithȱthreeȱgoodȱspaceȱ Discovery’sȱmainȱenginesȱwereȱorderedȱreplacedȱ shuttleȱmainȱengines.ȱ onȱtheȱlaunchȱpad,ȱdelayingȱtheȱshuttle’sȱfourthȱ TheȱflightȱcrewȱselectsȱtheȱabortȱmodeȱbyȱposiȬ launchȱattemptȱuntilȱSept.ȱ12,ȱ1993.ȱ tioningȱ anȱ abortȱ modeȱ switchȱ andȱ depressingȱ (STS-68) Aug. 18, 1994 anȱabortȱpushȱbutton.ȱ Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Endeavour’sȱ firstȱ launchȱ SHUTTLE ABORT HISTORY attemptȱ endedȱ 1.9ȱ secondsȱ beforeȱ liftoffȱ whenȱ onȬboardȱ computersȱ detectedȱ higherȱ thanȱ acȬ RSLS Abort History ceptableȱ readingsȱ inȱ oneȱ channelȱ ofȱ aȱ sensorȱ (STS-41 D) June 26, 1984 monitoringȱ theȱ dischargeȱ temperatureȱ ofȱ theȱ highȱpressureȱoxidizerȱturbopumpȱinȱmainȱenȬ Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ theȱ secondȱ launchȱ attemptȱ gineȱ No.ȱ 3.ȱ Aȱ testȱ firingȱ ofȱ theȱ engineȱ atȱ theȱ forȱDiscovery’sȱmaidenȱflightȱendedȱatȱTȬ4ȱsecȬ StennisȱSpaceȱCenterȱinȱMississippiȱonȱSeptemȬ ondsȱ whenȱ theȱ orbiter’sȱ computersȱ detectedȱ aȱ berȱ 2ndȱ confirmedȱ thatȱ aȱ slightȱ driftȱ inȱ aȱ fuelȱ sluggishȱ valveȱ inȱ mainȱ engineȱ No.ȱ 3.Theȱ mainȱ flowȱ meterȱ inȱ theȱ engineȱ causedȱ aȱ slightȱ inȬ engineȱwasȱreplacedȱandȱDiscoveryȱwasȱfinallyȱ creaseȱinȱtheȱturbopump’sȱtemperature.ȱTheȱtestȱ launchedȱonȱAug.ȱ30,ȱ1984.ȱ firingȱalsoȱconfirmedȱaȱslightlyȱslowerȱstartȱforȱ (STS-51 F) July 12, 1985 mainȱengineȱNo.ȱ3ȱduringȱtheȱpadȱabort,ȱwhichȱ couldȱ haveȱ contributedȱ toȱ theȱ higherȱ temperaȬ Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Challenger’sȱ launchȱ wasȱ tures.ȱAfterȱEndeavourȱwasȱbroughtȱbackȱtoȱtheȱ haltedȱ atȱ TȬ3ȱ secondsȱ whenȱ onȬboardȱ comȬ VehicleȱAssemblyȱBuildingȱtoȱbeȱoutfittedȱwithȱ putersȱdetectedȱaȱproblemȱwithȱaȱcoolantȱvalveȱ threeȱreplacementȱengines,ȱNASAȱmanagersȱsetȱ onȱmainȱengineȱNo.ȱ2.ȱTheȱvalveȱwasȱreplacedȱ Oct.ȱ 2ȱ asȱ theȱ dateȱ forȱ Endeavour’sȱ secondȱ andȱChallengerȱwasȱlaunchedȱonȱJulyȱ29,ȱ1985.ȱ launchȱattempt.ȱ (STS-55) March 22, 1993 Abort to Orbit History
Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Columbia’sȱ launchȱ wasȱ (STS-51 F) July 29, 1985 haltedȱ byȱ onȬboardȱ computersȱ atȱ TȬ3ȱ secondsȱ followingȱaȱproblemȱwithȱpurgeȱpressureȱreadȬ Afterȱ anȱ RSLSȱ abortȱ onȱ Julyȱ 12,ȱ 1985,ȱ ChalȬ ingsȱ inȱ theȱ oxidizerȱ preburnerȱ onȱ mainȱ engineȱ lengerȱ wasȱ launchedȱ onȱ Julyȱ 29,ȱ 1985.ȱ Fiveȱ No.ȱ2.ȱColumbia’sȱthreeȱmainȱenginesȱwereȱreȬ minutesȱ andȱ 45ȱ secondsȱ afterȱ launch,ȱ aȱ sensorȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ problemȱresultedȱinȱtheȱshutdownȱofȱcenterȱenȬ Whenȱitȱandȱtheȱliquidȱoxygenȱareȱcombusted,ȱ gineȱ No.ȱ 1,ȱ resultingȱ inȱ aȱ safeȱȈabortȱ toȱ orbitȈȱ theȱtemperatureȱinȱtheȱmainȱcombustionȱchamȬ andȱsuccessfulȱcompletionȱofȱtheȱmission.ȱ berȱ isȱ 6,000ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ (3,316ȱ degreesȱ Celsius),ȱhotterȱthanȱtheȱboilingȱpointȱofȱiron.ȱ SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINES TheȱmainȱenginesȱuseȱaȱstagedȱcombustionȱcyȬ Developedȱ inȱ theȱ 1970sȱ byȱ NASAȇsȱ Marshallȱ cleȱ soȱ thatȱ allȱ propellantsȱ enteringȱ theȱ enginesȱ SpaceȱFlightȱCenterȱinȱHuntsville,ȱAla.,ȱtheȱspaceȱ areȱ usedȱ toȱ produceȱ thrustȱ orȱ powerȱ —ȱ moreȱ shuttleȱmainȱengineȱisȱtheȱmostȱadvancedȱliquidȬ efficientlyȱthanȱanyȱpreviousȱrocketȱengine.ȱInȱaȱ fueledȱ rocketȱ engineȱ everȱ built.ȱ Everyȱ spaceȱ stagedȱ combustionȱ cycle,ȱ propellantsȱ areȱ firstȱ shuttleȱmainȱengineȱisȱtestedȱandȱprovenȱflightȬ burnedȱpartiallyȱatȱhighȱpressureȱandȱrelativelyȱ worthyȱatȱNASAȇsȱStennisȱSpaceȱCenterȱinȱsouthȱ lowȱtemperatureȱ—ȱthenȱburnedȱcompletelyȱatȱ Mississippi,ȱbeforeȱinstallationȱonȱanȱorbiter.ȱItsȱ highȱ temperatureȱ andȱ pressureȱ inȱ theȱ mainȱ mainȱfeaturesȱincludeȱ variableȱthrust,ȱhighȱ perȬ combustionȱ chamber.ȱ Theȱ rapidȱ mixingȱ ofȱ theȱ formanceȱ reusability,ȱ highȱ redundancyȱ andȱ aȱ propellantsȱ underȱ theseȱ conditionsȱ isȱ soȱ comȬ fullyȱintegratedȱengineȱcontroller.ȱ pleteȱthatȱ99ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱfuelȱisȱburned.ȱ
Theȱ shuttle’sȱ threeȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ mountedȱ Atȱnormalȱoperatingȱlevel,ȱtheȱenginesȱgenerateȱ onȱ theȱ orbiterȱ aftȱ fuselageȱ inȱ aȱ triangularȱ patȬ 490,847ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ thrustȱ (measuredȱ inȱ aȱ vacȬ tern.ȱ Spacedȱ soȱ thatȱ theyȱ areȱ movableȱ duringȱ uum).ȱ Fullȱ powerȱ isȱ 512,900ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ thrust;ȱ launch,ȱ theȱ enginesȱ areȱ usedȱ —ȱ inȱ conjunctionȱ minimumȱpowerȱisȱ316,100ȱpoundsȱofȱthrust.ȱ withȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ boostersȱ —ȱ toȱ steerȱ theȱ shuttleȱvehicle.ȱ TheȱengineȱcanȱbeȱthrottledȱbyȱvaryingȱtheȱoutȬ putȱofȱtheȱpreȬburners,ȱthusȱvaryingȱtheȱspeedȱ Eachȱofȱtheseȱpowerfulȱmainȱenginesȱisȱ14ȱfeetȱ ofȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ turbopumpsȱ and,ȱ thereȬ (4.2ȱ meters)ȱ long,ȱ weighsȱ aboutȱ 7,000ȱ poundsȱ fore,ȱtheȱflowȱofȱtheȱpropellant.ȱ (3,150ȱkilograms)ȱandȱisȱ7.5ȱfeetȱ(2.25ȱmeters)ȱinȱ diameterȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱitsȱnozzle.ȱ Atȱ aboutȱ 26ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ launch,ȱ theȱ mainȱ enȬ ginesȱ areȱ throttledȱ downȱ toȱ 316,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ Theȱenginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱ8½ȱminutesȱdurȬ thrustȱtoȱkeepȱtheȱdynamicȱpressureȱonȱtheȱveȬ ingȱ liftoffȱ andȱ ascentȱ —ȱ burningȱ moreȱ thanȱ hicleȱ belowȱ aȱ specifiedȱ levelȱ —ȱ aboutȱ 500,000ȱgallonsȱ(1.9ȱmillionȱliters)ȱofȱsuperȬcoldȱ 580ȱpoundsȱperȱsquareȱfootȱorȱmaxȱq.ȱThen,ȱtheȱ liquidȱhydrogenȱandȱliquidȱoxygenȱpropellantsȱ enginesȱareȱthrottledȱbackȱupȱtoȱnormalȱoperatȬ storedȱinȱtheȱhugeȱexternalȱtankȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱ ingȱ levelȱ atȱ aboutȱ 60ȱ seconds.ȱ Thisȱ reducesȱ undersideȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle.ȱ Theȱ enginesȱ shutȱ stressȱ onȱ theȱ vehicle.ȱ Theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ downȱjustȱbeforeȱtheȱshuttle,ȱtravelingȱatȱaboutȱ throttledȱ downȱ againȱ atȱ aboutȱ sevenȱ minutes,ȱ 17,000ȱ mphȱ (28,000ȱ kilometersȱ perȱ hour),ȱ 40ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ theȱ missionȱ toȱ maintainȱ reachesȱorbit.ȱ threeȱg’sȱ—ȱthreeȱtimesȱtheȱEarth’sȱgravitationalȱ Theȱ mainȱ engineȱ operatesȱ atȱ greaterȱ temperaȬ pullȱ —ȱ againȱ reducingȱ stressȱ onȱ theȱ crewȱ andȱ tureȱ extremesȱ thanȱ anyȱ mechanicalȱ systemȱ inȱ theȱvehicle.ȱThisȱaccelerationȱlevelȱisȱaboutȱoneȬ commonȱ useȱ today.ȱ Theȱ fuel,ȱ liquefiedȱ hydroȬ thirdȱ theȱ accelerationȱ experiencedȱ onȱ previousȱ genȱ atȱȬ423ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ (Ȭ253ȱ degreesȱ crewedȱspaceȱvehicles.ȱ Celsius),ȱ isȱ theȱ secondȱ coldestȱ liquidȱ onȱ Earth.ȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ Aboutȱ10ȱsecondsȱbeforeȱmainȱengineȱcutoffȱorȱ primeȱcontractor,ȱPrattȱ&ȱWhitneyȱRocketDyne,ȱ MECO,ȱtheȱcutoffȱsequenceȱbegins;ȱaboutȱthreeȱ WestȱPalmȱBeach,ȱFla.,ȱforȱregularȱmaintenance.ȱ secondsȱlaterȱtheȱmainȱenginesȱareȱcommandedȱ Theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ designedȱ toȱ operateȱ forȱ toȱbeginȱthrottlingȱatȱ10ȱpercentȱthrustȱperȱsecȬ 7.5ȱaccumulatedȱhours.ȱ ondȱtoȱ65ȱpercentȱthrust.ȱThisȱisȱheldȱforȱaboutȱ 6.7ȱseconds,ȱandȱtheȱenginesȱareȱshutȱdown.ȱ SPACE SHUTTLE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS Theȱengineȱperformanceȱhasȱtheȱhighestȱthrustȱ forȱ itsȱ weightȱ ofȱ anyȱ engineȱ yetȱ developed.ȱ Inȱ TheȱtwoȱSRBsȱprovideȱtheȱmainȱthrustȱtoȱliftȱtheȱ fact,ȱ oneȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ generatesȱ spaceȱshuttleȱoffȱtheȱpadȱandȱupȱtoȱanȱaltitudeȱ sufficientȱ thrustȱ toȱ maintainȱ theȱ flightȱ ofȱ 2½ȱ ofȱ aboutȱ 150,000ȱ feet,ȱ orȱ 24ȱ nauticalȱ milesȱ 747ȱairplanes.ȱ (28ȱstatuteȱ miles).ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ theȱ twoȱ SRBsȱ carryȱtheȱentireȱweightȱofȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱandȱ Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ isȱ alsoȱ theȱ firstȱ orbiterȱ andȱ transmitȱ theȱ weightȱ loadȱ throughȱ rocketȱengineȱtoȱuseȱaȱbuiltȬinȱelectronicȱdigitalȱ theirȱstructureȱtoȱtheȱmobileȱlauncherȱplatform.ȱ controller,ȱ orȱ computer.ȱ Theȱ controllerȱ willȱ acȬ ceptȱ commandsȱ fromȱ theȱ orbiterȱ forȱ engineȱ Eachȱ boosterȱ hasȱ aȱ thrustȱ (seaȱ level)ȱ ofȱ aboutȱ start,ȱ changeȱ inȱ throttle,ȱ shutdown,ȱ andȱ moniȬ 3,300,000ȱ poundsȱ atȱ launch.ȱ Theyȱ areȱ ignitedȱ torȱ engineȱ operation.ȱ Inȱ theȱ eventȱ ofȱ aȱ failure,ȱ afterȱ theȱ threeȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ enginesȇȱ theȱ controllerȱ automaticallyȱ correctsȱ theȱ probȬ thrustȱ levelȱ isȱ verified.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ SRBsȱ provideȱ lemȱorȱsafelyȱshutsȱdownȱtheȱengine.ȱ 71.4ȱ percentȱ ofȱ theȱ thrustȱ atȱ liftoffȱ andȱ duringȱ firstȬstageȱ ascent.ȱ SeventyȬfiveȱ secondsȱ afterȱ NASAȱ continuesȱtoȱincreaseȱtheȱreliabilityȱandȱ SRBȱ separation,ȱ SRBȱ apogeeȱ occursȱ atȱ anȱ altiȬ safetyȱ ofȱ shuttleȱ flightsȱ throughȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ enȬ tudeȱofȱaboutȱ220,000ȱfeet,ȱorȱ35ȱnauticalȱmilesȱ hancementsȱ toȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engines.ȱ (40ȱ statuteȱ miles).ȱ SRBȱ impactȱ occursȱ inȱ theȱ Theȱenginesȱwereȱmodifiedȱinȱ1988,ȱ1995,ȱ1998ȱ oceanȱ aboutȱ 122ȱ nauticalȱ milesȱ (140ȱ statuteȱ andȱ 2001.ȱ Modificationsȱ includeȱ newȱ highȬ miles)ȱdownrange.ȱ pressureȱfuelȱandȱoxidizerȱturbopumpsȱthatȱreȬ duceȱ maintenanceȱ andȱ operatingȱ costsȱ ofȱ theȱ Theȱ SRBsȱ areȱ theȱ largestȱ solidȬpropellantȱ moȬ engine,ȱ aȱ twoȬductȱ powerheadȱ thatȱ reducesȱ torsȱeverȱflownȱandȱtheȱfirstȱdesignedȱforȱreuse.ȱ pressureȱ andȱ turbulenceȱ inȱ theȱ engine,ȱ andȱ aȱ Eachȱisȱ149.16ȱfeetȱlongȱandȱ12.17ȱfeetȱinȱdiameȬ singleȬcoilȱheatȱexchangerȱthatȱlowersȱtheȱnumȬ ter.ȱEachȱSRBȱweighsȱaboutȱ1,300,000ȱpoundsȱatȱ berȱofȱpostȱflightȱinspectionsȱrequired.ȱAnotherȱ launch.ȱTheȱpropellantȱforȱeachȱsolidȱrocketȱmoȬ modificationȱ incorporatesȱ aȱ largeȬthroatȱ mainȱ torȱ weighsȱ aboutȱ 1,100,000ȱ pounds.ȱ Theȱ inertȱ combustionȱchamberȱthatȱimprovesȱtheȱengine’sȱ weightȱofȱeachȱSRBȱisȱaboutȱ192,000ȱpounds.ȱ reliabilityȱ byȱ reducingȱ pressureȱ andȱ temperaȬ tureȱinȱtheȱchamber.ȱ Primaryȱelementsȱofȱeachȱboosterȱareȱtheȱmotorȱ (includingȱcase,ȱpropellant,ȱigniterȱandȱnozzle),ȱ Afterȱtheȱorbiterȱlands,ȱtheȱenginesȱareȱremovedȱ structure,ȱseparationȱsystems,ȱoperationalȱflightȱ andȱ returnedȱ toȱ aȱ processingȱ facilityȱ atȱ KenȬ instrumentation,ȱ recoveryȱ avionics,ȱ pyrotechȬ nedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Fla.,ȱ whereȱ theyȱ areȱ reȬ nics,ȱ decelerationȱ system,ȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ checkedȱ andȱ readiedȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ flight.ȱ Someȱ systemȱandȱrangeȱsafetyȱdestructȱsystem.ȱ componentsȱ areȱ returnedȱ toȱ theȱ mainȱ engine’sȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ Eachȱboosterȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱatȱ polymerȱ (aȱ binderȱ thatȱ holdsȱ theȱ mixtureȱ toȬ theȱSRB’sȱaftȱframeȱbyȱtwoȱlateralȱswayȱbracesȱ gether,ȱ 12.04ȱ percent),ȱ andȱ anȱ epoxyȱ curingȱ andȱaȱdiagonalȱattachment.ȱTheȱforwardȱendȱofȱ agentȱ (1.96ȱ percent).ȱ Theȱ propellantȱ isȱ anȱ eachȱSRBȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱatȱtheȱ 11ȬpointȱstarȬshapedȱperforationȱinȱtheȱforwardȱ forwardȱendȱofȱtheȱSRB’sȱforwardȱskirt.ȱOnȱtheȱ motorȱ segmentȱ andȱ aȱ doubleȬtruncatedȬconeȱ launchȱpad,ȱeachȱboosterȱalsoȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱ perforationȱinȱeachȱofȱtheȱaftȱsegmentsȱandȱaftȱ mobileȱlauncherȱplatformȱatȱtheȱaftȱskirtȱbyȱfourȱ closure.ȱThisȱconfigurationȱprovidesȱhighȱthrustȱ boltsȱandȱnutsȱthatȱareȱseveredȱbyȱsmallȱexploȬ atȱignitionȱandȱthenȱreducesȱtheȱthrustȱbyȱaboutȱ sivesȱatȱliftoff.ȱ aȱthirdȱ50ȱsecondsȱafterȱliftoffȱtoȱpreventȱoverȬ stressingȱtheȱvehicleȱduringȱmaximumȱdynamicȱ DuringȱtheȱdowntimeȱfollowingȱtheȱChallengerȱ pressure.ȱ accident,ȱdetailedȱstructuralȱanalysesȱwereȱperȬ formedȱ onȱ criticalȱ structuralȱ elementsȱ ofȱ theȱ TheȱSRBsȱareȱusedȱasȱmatchedȱpairsȱandȱeachȱisȱ SRB.ȱAnalysesȱwereȱprimarilyȱfocusedȱinȱareasȱ madeȱ upȱ ofȱ fourȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ segments.ȱ whereȱ anomaliesȱ hadȱ beenȱ notedȱ duringȱ postȬ Theȱ pairsȱ areȱ matchedȱ byȱ loadingȱ eachȱ ofȱ theȱ flightȱinspectionȱofȱrecoveredȱhardware.ȱ fourȱ motorȱ segmentsȱ inȱ pairsȱ fromȱ theȱ sameȱ batchesȱ ofȱ propellantȱ ingredientsȱ toȱ minimizeȱ Oneȱofȱtheȱareasȱwasȱtheȱattachȱringȱwhereȱtheȱ anyȱ thrustȱ imbalance.ȱ Theȱ segmentedȬcasingȱ SRBsȱareȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱtank.ȱAreasȱ designȱ assuresȱ maximumȱ flexibilityȱ inȱ fabricaȬ ofȱdistressȱwereȱnotedȱinȱsomeȱofȱtheȱfastenersȱ tionȱ andȱ easeȱ ofȱ transportationȱ andȱ handling.ȱ whereȱtheȱringȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱSRBȱmotorȱcase.ȱ Eachȱsegmentȱisȱshippedȱtoȱtheȱlaunchȱsiteȱonȱaȱ Thisȱ situationȱ wasȱattributedȱ toȱ theȱ highȱ loadsȱ heavyȬdutyȱrailȱcarȱwithȱaȱspeciallyȱbuiltȱcover.ȱ encounteredȱduringȱwaterȱimpact.ȱToȱcorrectȱtheȱ situationȱ andȱ ensureȱ higherȱ strengthȱ marginsȱ TheȱnozzleȱexpansionȱratioȱofȱeachȱboosterȱbeȬ duringȱascent,ȱtheȱattachȱringȱwasȱredesignedȱtoȱ ginningȱ withȱ theȱ STSȬ8ȱ missionȱ isȱ 7ȬtoȬ79.ȱ Theȱ encircleȱtheȱmotorȱcaseȱcompletelyȱ(360ȱdegrees).ȱ nozzleȱisȱgimbaledȱforȱthrustȱvectorȱ(direction)ȱ control.ȱEachȱSRBȱhasȱitsȱownȱredundantȱauxilȬ Previously,ȱtheȱattachȱringȱformedȱaȱCȱandȱenȬ iaryȱpowerȱunitsȱandȱhydraulicȱpumps.ȱTheȱallȬ circledȱtheȱmotorȱcaseȱ270ȱdegrees.ȱ axisȱ gimbalingȱ capabilityȱ isȱ 8ȱdegrees.ȱ Eachȱ Additionally,ȱspecialȱstructuralȱtestsȱwereȱdoneȱ nozzleȱhasȱaȱcarbonȱclothȱlinerȱthatȱerodesȱandȱ onȱ theȱ aftȱ skirt.ȱ Duringȱ thisȱ testȱ program,ȱ anȱ charsȱduringȱfiring.ȱTheȱnozzleȱisȱaȱconvergentȬ anomalyȱoccurredȱinȱaȱcriticalȱweldȱbetweenȱtheȱ divergent,ȱ movableȱ designȱ inȱ whichȱ anȱ aftȱ holdȬdownȱpostȱandȱskinȱofȱtheȱskirt.ȱAȱredesȬ pivotȬpointȱ flexibleȱ bearingȱ isȱ theȱ gimbalȱ ignȱ wasȱ implementedȱ toȱ addȱ reinforcementȱ mechanism.ȱ bracketsȱandȱfittingsȱinȱtheȱaftȱringȱofȱtheȱskirt.ȱ Theȱ coneȬshapedȱ aftȱ skirtȱ reactsȱ theȱ aftȱ loadsȱ Theseȱ twoȱ modificationsȱ addedȱ aboutȱ betweenȱtheȱSRBȱandȱtheȱmobileȱlauncherȱplatȬ 450ȱpoundsȱtoȱtheȱweightȱofȱeachȱSRB.ȱ form.ȱ Theȱ fourȱ aftȱ separationȱ motorsȱ areȱ mountedȱ onȱ theȱ skirt.ȱ Theȱ aftȱ sectionȱ containsȱ TheȱpropellantȱmixtureȱinȱeachȱSRBȱmotorȱconȬ avionics,ȱ aȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ systemȱ thatȱ sistsȱ ofȱ anȱ ammoniumȱ perchlorateȱ (oxidizer,ȱ consistsȱ ofȱ twoȱ auxiliaryȱ powerȱ unitsȱ andȱ hyȬ 69.6ȱ percentȱ byȱ weight),ȱ aluminumȱ (fuel,ȱ draulicȱpumps,ȱhydraulicȱsystemsȱandȱaȱnozzleȱ 16ȱpercent),ȱironȱoxideȱ(aȱcatalyst,ȱ0.4ȱpercent),ȱaȱ extensionȱjettisonȱsystem.ȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱ forwardȱ sectionȱ ofȱ eachȱ boosterȱ containsȱ Theȱ recoveryȱ crewȱ retrievesȱ theȱ SRBs,ȱ frusȬ avionics,ȱ aȱ sequencer,ȱ forwardȱ separationȱ moȬ tum/drogueȱ chutes,ȱ andȱ mainȱ parachutes.ȱ Theȱ tors,ȱaȱnoseȱconeȱseparationȱsystem,ȱdrogueȱandȱ nozzlesȱareȱplugged,ȱtheȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorsȱareȱ mainȱparachutes,ȱaȱrecoveryȱbeacon,ȱaȱrecoveryȱ dewatered,ȱandȱtheȱSRBsȱareȱtowedȱbackȱtoȱtheȱ light,ȱ aȱ parachuteȱ cameraȱ onȱ selectedȱ flightsȱ launchȱ site.ȱ Eachȱ boosterȱ isȱ removedȱ fromȱ theȱ andȱaȱrangeȱsafetyȱsystem.ȱ water,ȱ andȱ itsȱ componentsȱ areȱ disassembledȱ andȱwashedȱwithȱfreshȱandȱdeionizedȱwaterȱtoȱ EachȱSRBȱhasȱtwoȱintegratedȱelectronicȱassemȬ limitȱsaltȬwaterȱcorrosion.ȱTheȱmotorȱsegments,ȱ blies,ȱ oneȱ forwardȱ andȱ oneȱ aft.ȱ Afterȱ burnout,ȱ igniterȱ andȱ nozzleȱ areȱ shippedȱ backȱ toȱ ATKȱ theȱforwardȱassemblyȱinitiatesȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱtheȱ Thiokolȱforȱrefurbishment.ȱ noseȱ capȱ andȱ frustum,ȱ aȱ transitionȱ pieceȱ beȬ tweenȱ theȱ noseȱ coneȱ andȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motor,ȱ Eachȱ SRBȱ incorporatesȱ aȱ rangeȱ safetyȱ systemȱ andȱturnsȱonȱtheȱrecoveryȱaids.ȱTheȱaftȱassemȬ thatȱ includesȱ aȱ batteryȱ powerȱ source,ȱ reȬ bly,ȱ mountedȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ tank/SRBȱ attachȱ ceiver/decoder,ȱantennasȱandȱordnance.ȱ ring,ȱ connectsȱ withȱ theȱ forwardȱ assemblyȱ andȱ Hold-Down Posts theȱ orbiterȱ avionicsȱ systemsȱ forȱ SRBȱ ignitionȱ commandsȱ andȱ nozzleȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ control.ȱ Eachȱ solidȱ rocketȱ boosterȱ hasȱ fourȱ holdȬdownȱ EachȱintegratedȱelectronicȱassemblyȱhasȱaȱmulȬ postsȱthatȱfitȱintoȱcorrespondingȱsupportȱpostsȱ tiplexer/demultiplexer,ȱwhichȱsendsȱorȱreceivesȱ onȱ theȱ mobileȱ launcherȱ platform.ȱ HoldȬdownȱ moreȱthanȱoneȱmessage,ȱsignalȱorȱunitȱofȱinforȬ boltsȱholdȱtheȱSRBȱandȱlauncherȱplatformȱpostsȱ mationȱonȱaȱsingleȱcommunicationȱchannel.ȱ together.ȱ Eachȱ boltȱ hasȱ aȱ nutȱ atȱ eachȱ end,ȱ butȱ Eightȱ boosterȱ separationȱ motorsȱ (fourȱ inȱ theȱ onlyȱ theȱtopȱ nutȱ isȱ frangible.ȱ Theȱ topȱ nutȱ conȬ noseȱ frustumȱ andȱ fourȱ inȱ theȱ aftȱ skirt)ȱ ofȱ eachȱ tainsȱ twoȱ NASAȱ standardȱ detonatorsȱ (NSDs),ȱ SRBȱ thrustȱ forȱ 1.02ȱ secondsȱ atȱ SRBȱ separationȱ whichȱareȱignitedȱatȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱignitionȱ fromȱtheȱexternalȱtank.ȱEachȱsolidȱrocketȱsepaȬ commands.ȱ rationȱmotorȱisȱ31.1ȱinchesȱlongȱandȱ12.8ȱinchesȱ Whenȱ theȱ twoȱ NSDsȱ areȱ ignitedȱ atȱ eachȱ holdȬ inȱdiameter.ȱ down,ȱ theȱ holdȬdownȱ boltȱ travelsȱ downwardȱ Locationȱ aidsȱ areȱ providedȱ forȱ eachȱ SRB,ȱ frusȬ becauseȱofȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱtensionȱinȱtheȱboltȱ(preȬ tum/drogueȱchutesȱandȱmainȱparachutes.ȱTheseȱ tensionedȱ beforeȱ launch),ȱ NSDȱ gasȱ pressureȱ includeȱ aȱ transmitter,ȱ antenna,ȱ andȱgravity.ȱTheȱboltȱisȱstoppedȱbyȱtheȱstudȱdeȬ strobe/converter,ȱ batteryȱ andȱ saltȬwaterȱ switchȱ celerationȱstand,ȱwhichȱcontainsȱsand.ȱTheȱSRBȱ electronics.ȱTheȱlocationȱaidsȱareȱdesignedȱforȱaȱ boltȱ isȱ 28ȱ inchesȱ longȱ andȱ 3.5ȱinchesȱ inȱ diameȬ minimumȱoperatingȱlifeȱofȱ72ȱhoursȱandȱwhenȱ ter.ȱTheȱfrangibleȱnutȱisȱcapturedȱinȱaȱblastȱconȬ refurbishedȱ areȱ consideredȱ usableȱ upȱ toȱ tainer.ȱ 20ȱtimes.ȱ Theȱ flashingȱ lightȱ isȱ anȱ exception.ȱ Itȱ Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ ignitionȱ commandsȱareȱ hasȱanȱoperatingȱlifeȱofȱ280ȱhours.ȱTheȱbatteryȱisȱ issuedȱ byȱ theȱ orbiter’sȱ computersȱ throughȱ theȱ usedȱonlyȱonce.ȱ masterȱeventsȱcontrollersȱtoȱtheȱholdȬdownȱpyȬ Theȱ SRBȱ noseȱ capsȱ andȱ nozzleȱ extensionsȱ areȱ rotechnicȱ initiatorȱ controllersȱ onȱ theȱ mobileȱ notȱrecovered.ȱ launcherȱplatform.ȱTheyȱprovideȱtheȱignitionȱtoȱ theȱ holdȬdownȱ NSDs.ȱ Theȱ launchȱ processingȱ systemȱ monitorsȱ theȱ SRBȱ holdȬdownȱ PICsȱ forȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ lowȱ voltageȱ duringȱ theȱ lastȱ 16ȱ secondsȱ beforeȱ TheȱGPCȱlaunchȱsequenceȱalsoȱcontrolsȱcertainȱ launch.ȱ PICȱ lowȱ voltageȱ willȱ initiateȱ aȱ launchȱ criticalȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ valvesȱ andȱ hold.ȱ monitorsȱtheȱengineȬreadyȱindicationsȱfromȱtheȱ SSMEs.ȱTheȱMPSȱstartȱcommandsȱareȱissuedȱbyȱ SRB Ignition theȱonȬboardȱcomputersȱatȱTȱminusȱ6.6ȱsecondsȱ SRBȱ ignitionȱ canȱ occurȱ onlyȱ whenȱ aȱ manualȱ (staggeredȱ startȱ —ȱ engineȱ three,ȱ engineȱ two,ȱ lockȱpinȱfromȱeachȱSRBȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱhasȱ engineȱoneȱ—ȱallȱaboutȱwithinȱ0.25ȱofȱaȱsecond),ȱ beenȱ removed.ȱ Theȱ groundȱ crewȱ removesȱ theȱ andȱ theȱ sequenceȱ monitorsȱ theȱ thrustȱ buildupȱ pinȱduringȱprelaunchȱactivities.ȱAtȱTȱminusȱfiveȱ ofȱeachȱengine.ȱAllȱthreeȱSSMEsȱmustȱreachȱtheȱ minutes,ȱtheȱSRBȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱisȱrotatedȱ requiredȱ90ȱpercentȱthrustȱwithinȱthreeȱseconds;ȱ toȱtheȱarmȱposition.ȱTheȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱigniȬ otherwise,ȱanȱorderlyȱshutdownȱisȱcommandedȱ tionȱ commandsȱ areȱ issuedȱ whenȱ theȱ threeȱ andȱsafingȱfunctionsȱareȱinitiated.ȱ SSMEsȱareȱatȱorȱaboveȱ90ȱpercentȱratedȱthrust,ȱ Normalȱ thrustȱ buildupȱ toȱ theȱ requiredȱ 90ȱ perȬ noȱSSMEȱfailȱand/orȱSRBȱignitionȱPICȱlowȱvoltȬ centȱthrustȱlevelȱwillȱresultȱinȱtheȱSSMEsȱbeingȱ ageȱisȱindicatedȱandȱthereȱareȱnoȱholdsȱfromȱtheȱ commandedȱ toȱ theȱ liftoffȱ positionȱ atȱ Tȱminusȱ LPS.ȱ threeȱsecondsȱasȱwellȱasȱtheȱfireȱ1ȱcommandȱbeȬ Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ ignitionȱ commandsȱareȱ ingȱ issuedȱ toȱ armȱ theȱ SRBs.ȱ Atȱ Tȱminusȱ threeȱ sentȱ byȱ theȱ orbiterȱ computersȱ throughȱ theȱ seconds,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ baseȱ bendingȱ loadȱ modesȱ MECsȱtoȱtheȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱNSDsȱinȱeachȱ areȱ allowedȱ toȱ initializeȱ (movementȱ ofȱ SRB.ȱ Aȱ PICȱ singleȬchannelȱ capacitorȱ dischargeȱ 25.5ȱinchesȱ measuredȱ atȱ theȱ tipȱ ofȱ theȱ externalȱ deviceȱ controlsȱ theȱ firingȱ ofȱ eachȱ pyrotechnicȱ tank,ȱ withȱ movementȱ towardsȱ theȱ externalȱ device.ȱ Threeȱ signalsȱ mustȱ beȱ presentȱ simultaȬ tank).ȱ neouslyȱforȱtheȱPICȱtoȱgenerateȱtheȱpyroȱfiringȱ AtȱTȱminusȱzero,ȱtheȱtwoȱSRBsȱareȱignitedȱunȬ output.ȱTheseȱsignalsȱ—ȱarm,ȱfireȱ1ȱandȱfireȱ2ȱ—ȱ derȱcommandȱofȱtheȱfourȱonȬboardȱcomputers;ȱ originateȱ inȱ theȱ orbiterȱ generalȬpurposeȱ comȬ separationȱ ofȱ theȱ fourȱ explosiveȱ boltsȱ onȱ eachȱ putersȱ andȱ areȱ transmittedȱ toȱ theȱ MECs.ȱ Theȱ SRBȱisȱinitiatedȱ(eachȱboltȱisȱ28ȱinchesȱlongȱandȱ MECsȱ reformatȱ themȱ toȱ 28Ȭvoltȱ dcȱ signalsȱ forȱ 3.5ȱ inchesȱ inȱ diameter);ȱ theȱ twoȱ TȬ0ȱ umbilicalsȱ theȱ PICs.ȱ Theȱ armȱ signalȱ chargesȱ theȱ PICȱ caȬ (oneȱ onȱ eachȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ spacecraft)ȱ areȱ reȬ pacitorȱtoȱ40ȱvoltsȱdcȱ(minimumȱofȱ20ȱvoltsȱdc).ȱ tracted;ȱtheȱonȬboardȱmasterȱtimingȱunit,ȱeventȱ Theȱ fireȱ 2ȱ commandsȱ causeȱ theȱ redundantȱ timerȱandȱmissionȱeventȱtimersȱareȱstarted;ȱtheȱ NSDsȱtoȱfireȱthroughȱaȱthinȱbarrierȱsealȱdownȱaȱ threeȱSSMEsȱareȱatȱ100ȱpercent;ȱandȱtheȱgroundȱ flameȱ tunnel.ȱ Thisȱ ignitesȱ aȱ pyroȱ boosterȱ launchȱsequenceȱisȱterminated.ȱ charge,ȱ whichȱ isȱ retainedȱ inȱ theȱ safeȱ andȱ armȱ Theȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱthrustȱprofileȱisȱtailoredȱ deviceȱ behindȱ aȱ perforatedȱ plate.ȱ Theȱ boosterȱ toȱreduceȱthrustȱduringȱtheȱmaximumȱdynamicȱ chargeȱ ignitesȱ theȱ propellantȱ inȱ theȱ igniterȱ iniȬ pressureȱregion.ȱ tiator;ȱandȱcombustionȱproductsȱofȱthisȱpropelȬ lantȱ igniteȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ initiator,ȱ Electrical Power Distribution whichȱfiresȱdownȱtheȱlengthȱofȱtheȱsolidȱrocketȱ Electricalȱ powerȱ distributionȱ inȱ eachȱ SRBȱ conȬ motorȱ ignitingȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ propelȬ sistsȱ ofȱ orbiterȬsuppliedȱ mainȱ dcȱ busȱ powerȱ toȱ lant.ȱ eachȱ SRBȱ viaȱ SRBȱ busesȱ A,ȱ Bȱ andȱ C.ȱ Orbiterȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ mainȱdcȱbusesȱA,ȱBȱandȱCȱsupplyȱmainȱdcȱbusȱ fuelȱ supplyȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ throughoutȱ itsȱ operaȬ powerȱtoȱcorrespondingȱSRBȱbusesȱA,ȱBȱandȱC.ȱ tion.ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ orbiterȱ mainȱ dcȱ busȱ Cȱ suppliesȱ Theȱ fuelȱ isolationȱ valveȱ isȱ openedȱ atȱ APUȱ backupȱ powerȱ toȱ SRBȱ busesȱ Aȱ andȱ B,ȱ andȱ orȬ startupȱ toȱ allowȱ fuelȱ toȱ flowȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ fuelȱ biterȱbusȱBȱsuppliesȱbackupȱpowerȱtoȱSRBȱbusȱ pumpȱ andȱ controlȱ valvesȱ andȱ thenȱ toȱ theȱ gasȱ C.ȱ Thisȱ electricalȱ powerȱ distributionȱ arrangeȬ generator.ȱ Theȱ gasȱ generatorȇsȱ catalyticȱ actionȱ mentȱ allowsȱ allȱ SRBȱ busesȱ toȱ remainȱ poweredȱ decomposesȱ theȱ fuelȱ andȱ createsȱ aȱ hotȱ gas.ȱ Itȱ inȱtheȱeventȱoneȱorbiterȱmainȱbusȱfails.ȱ feedsȱ theȱ hotȱ gasȱ exhaustȱ productȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ Theȱnominalȱdcȱvoltageȱisȱ28ȱvoltsȱdc,ȱwithȱanȱ twoȬstageȱ gasȱ turbine.ȱ Fuelȱ flowsȱ primarilyȱ upperȱlimitȱofȱ32ȱvoltsȱdcȱandȱaȱlowerȱlimitȱofȱ throughȱ theȱ startupȱ bypassȱ lineȱ untilȱ theȱ APUȱ 24ȱvoltsȱdc.ȱ speedȱisȱsuchȱthatȱtheȱfuelȱpumpȱoutletȱpressureȱ isȱ greaterȱ thanȱ theȱ bypassȱ lineȇs.ȱ Thenȱ allȱ theȱ Hydraulic Power Units fuelȱisȱsuppliedȱtoȱtheȱfuelȱpump.ȱ Thereȱ areȱ twoȱ selfȬcontained,ȱ independentȱ Theȱ APUȱ turbineȱ assemblyȱ providesȱ mechaniȬ HPUsȱ onȱ eachȱ SRB.ȱ Eachȱ HPUȱ consistsȱ ofȱ anȱ calȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ gearbox.ȱ Theȱ gearboxȱ auxiliaryȱ powerȱ unit,ȱ fuelȱ supplyȱ module,ȱ hyȬ drivesȱ theȱ APUȱ fuelȱ pump,ȱ hydraulicȱ pumpȱ draulicȱpump,ȱhydraulicȱreservoirȱandȱhydrauȬ andȱlubeȱoilȱpump.ȱTheȱAPUȱlubeȱoilȱpumpȱluȬ licȱ fluidȱ manifoldȱ assembly.ȱ Theȱ APUsȱ areȱ fuȬ bricatesȱ theȱ gearbox.ȱ Theȱ turbineȱ exhaustȱ ofȱ eledȱ byȱ hydrazineȱ andȱ generateȱ mechanicalȱ eachȱ APUȱ flowsȱ overȱ theȱ exteriorȱ ofȱ theȱ gasȱ shaftȱpowerȱtoȱaȱhydraulicȱpumpȱthatȱproducesȱ generator,ȱcoolingȱit,ȱandȱisȱthenȱdirectedȱoverȬ hydraulicȱ pressureȱ forȱ theȱ SRBȱ hydraulicȱ sysȬ boardȱthroughȱanȱexhaustȱduct.ȱ tem.ȱTheȱtwoȱseparateȱHPUsȱandȱtwoȱhydraulicȱ systemsȱareȱlocatedȱonȱtheȱaftȱendȱofȱeachȱSRBȱ Whenȱ theȱ APUȱ speedȱ reachesȱ 100ȱ percent,ȱ theȱ betweenȱtheȱSRBȱnozzleȱandȱaftȱskirt.ȱTheȱHPUȱ APUȱprimaryȱcontrolȱvalveȱcloses,ȱandȱtheȱAPUȱ componentsȱ areȱ mountedȱ onȱ theȱ aftȱ skirtȱ beȬ speedȱisȱcontrolledȱbyȱtheȱAPUȱcontrollerȱelecȬ tweenȱtheȱrockȱandȱtiltȱactuators.ȱTheȱtwoȱsysȬ tronics.ȱ Ifȱ theȱ primaryȱ controlȱ valveȱ logicȱ failsȱ temsȱ operateȱ fromȱ Tȱ minusȱ 28ȱsecondsȱ untilȱ toȱ theȱ openȱ state,ȱ theȱ secondaryȱ controlȱ valveȱ SRBȱ separationȱ fromȱ theȱ orbiterȱ andȱ externalȱ assumesȱ controlȱ ofȱ theȱ APUȱ atȱ 112ȱ percentȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ independentȱ hydraulicȱ systemsȱ speed.ȱ Eachȱ HPUȱ onȱ anȱ SRBȱ isȱ connectedȱ toȱ areȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱrockȱandȱtiltȱservoactuators.ȱ bothȱ servoactuatorsȱ onȱ thatȱ SRB.ȱ Oneȱ HPUȱ servesȱ asȱ theȱ primaryȱ hydraulicȱ sourceȱ forȱ theȱ Theȱ APUȱ controllerȱ electronicsȱ areȱ locatedȱ inȱ servoactuator,ȱandȱtheȱotherȱHPUȱservesȱasȱtheȱ theȱSRBȱaftȱintegratedȱelectronicȱassembliesȱonȱ secondaryȱ hydraulicsȱ forȱ theȱ servoactuator.ȱ theȱaftȱexternalȱtankȱattachȱrings.ȱ Eachȱ servoactuatorȱ hasȱ aȱ switchingȱ valveȱ thatȱ Theȱ APUsȱ andȱ theirȱ fuelȱ systemsȱ areȱ isolatedȱ allowsȱ theȱ secondaryȱ hydraulicsȱ toȱ powerȱ theȱ fromȱ eachȱ other.ȱ Eachȱ fuelȱ supplyȱ moduleȱ actuatorȱ ifȱ theȱ primaryȱ hydraulicȱ pressureȱ (tank)ȱ containsȱ 22ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ hydrazine.ȱ Theȱ dropsȱbelowȱ2,050ȱpsi.ȱAȱswitchȱcontactȱonȱtheȱ fuelȱ tankȱ isȱ pressurizedȱ withȱ gaseousȱ nitrogenȱ switchingȱvalveȱwillȱcloseȱwhenȱtheȱvalveȱisȱinȱ atȱ 400ȱ psi,ȱ whichȱ providesȱ theȱ forceȱ toȱ expelȱ theȱ secondaryȱ position.ȱ Whenȱ theȱ valveȱ isȱ (positiveȱ expulsion)ȱ theȱ fuelȱ fromȱ theȱ tankȱ toȱ closed,ȱ aȱ signalȱ isȱ sentȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ controllerȱ theȱfuelȱdistributionȱline,ȱmaintainingȱaȱpositiveȱ thatȱinhibitsȱtheȱ100ȱpercentȱAPUȱspeedȱcontrolȱ
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ȱ ȱ ȱ logicȱ andȱ enablesȱ theȱ 112ȱ percentȱ APUȱ speedȱ positionsȱ anȱ actuatorȱ ramȱ andȱ theȱ nozzleȱ toȱ controlȱ logic.ȱ Theȱ 100ȱ percentȱ APUȱ speedȱ enȬ controlȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱthrust.ȱ ablesȱ oneȱ APU/HPUȱ toȱ supplyȱ sufficientȱ operȬ Theȱfourȱservovalvesȱinȱeachȱactuatorȱprovideȱaȱ atingȱhydraulicȱpressureȱtoȱbothȱservoactuatorsȱ forceȬsummedȱ majorityȱ votingȱ arrangementȱ toȱ ofȱthatȱSRB.ȱ positionȱ theȱ powerȱ spool.ȱ Withȱ fourȱ identicalȱ Theȱ APUȱ 100ȱ percentȱ speedȱ correspondsȱ toȱ commandsȱtoȱtheȱfourȱservovalves,ȱtheȱactuatorȱ 72,000ȱ rpm,ȱ 110ȱ percentȱ toȱ 79,200ȱ rpm,ȱ andȱ forceȬsumȱ actionȱ preventsȱ aȱ singleȱ erroneousȱ 112ȱpercentȱtoȱ80,640ȱrpm.ȱ commandȱ fromȱ affectingȱ powerȱ ramȱ motion.ȱ Ifȱ theȱerroneousȱcommandȱpersistsȱforȱmoreȱthanȱaȱ Theȱ hydraulicȱ pumpȱ speedȱ isȱ 3,600ȱ rpmȱ andȱ predeterminedȱ time,ȱ differentialȱ pressureȱ sensȬ suppliesȱ hydraulicȱ pressureȱ ofȱ 3,050,ȱ plusȱ orȱ ingȱ activatesȱ aȱ selectorȱ valveȱ toȱ isolateȱ andȱ reȬ minusȱ50,ȱpsi.ȱAȱhighȬpressureȱreliefȱvalveȱproȬ moveȱ theȱ defectiveȱ servovalveȱ hydraulicȱ presȬ videsȱ overpressureȱ protectionȱ toȱ theȱ hydraulicȱ sure,ȱpermittingȱtheȱremainingȱchannelsȱandȱserȬ systemȱandȱrelievesȱatȱ3,750ȱpsi.ȱ vovalvesȱtoȱcontrolȱtheȱactuatorȱramȱspool.ȱ TheȱAPUs/HPUsȱandȱhydraulicȱsystemsȱareȱreȬ Failureȱ monitorsȱ areȱ providedȱ forȱ eachȱ channelȱ usableȱforȱ20ȱmissions.ȱ toȱindicateȱwhichȱchannelȱhasȱbeenȱbypassed.ȱAnȱ Thrust Vector Control isolationȱvalveȱonȱeachȱchannelȱprovidesȱtheȱcaȬ pabilityȱofȱresettingȱaȱfailedȱorȱbypassedȱchannel.ȱ EachȱSRBȱhasȱtwoȱhydraulicȱgimbalȱservoactuaȬ tors:ȱoneȱforȱrockȱandȱoneȱforȱtilt.ȱTheȱservoacȬ Eachȱactuatorȱramȱisȱequippedȱwithȱtransducersȱ tuatorsȱprovideȱtheȱforceȱandȱcontrolȱtoȱgimbalȱ forȱ positionȱ feedbackȱ toȱ theȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ conȬ theȱnozzleȱforȱthrustȱvectorȱcontrol.ȱ trolȱsystem.ȱWithinȱeachȱservoactuatorȱramȱisȱaȱ splashdownȱloadȱreliefȱassemblyȱtoȱcushionȱtheȱ Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ ascentȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ nozzleȱatȱwaterȱsplashdownȱandȱpreventȱdamȬ portionȱ ofȱ theȱ flightȱ controlȱ systemȱ directsȱ theȱ ageȱtoȱtheȱnozzleȱflexibleȱbearing.ȱ thrustȱofȱtheȱthreeȱshuttleȱmainȱenginesȱandȱtheȱ twoȱSRBȱnozzlesȱtoȱcontrolȱshuttleȱattitudeȱandȱ SRB Rate Gyro Assemblies trajectoryȱduringȱliftoffȱandȱascent.ȱCommandsȱ Eachȱ SRBȱ containsȱ twoȱ RGAs,ȱ withȱ eachȱ RGAȱ fromȱtheȱguidanceȱsystemȱareȱtransmittedȱtoȱtheȱ containingȱ oneȱ pitchȱ andȱ oneȱ yawȱ gyro.ȱ Theseȱ ATVCȱ drivers,ȱ whichȱ transmitȱ signalsȱ proporȬ provideȱanȱoutputȱproportionalȱtoȱangularȱratesȱ tionalȱtoȱtheȱcommandsȱtoȱeachȱservoactuatorȱofȱ aboutȱtheȱpitchȱandȱyawȱaxesȱtoȱtheȱorbiterȱcomȬ theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ andȱ SRBs.ȱ Fourȱ independentȱ putersȱandȱguidance,ȱnavigationȱandȱcontrolȱsysȬ flightȱ controlȱ systemȱ channelsȱ andȱ fourȱ ATVCȱ temȱ duringȱ firstȬstageȱ ascentȱ flightȱ inȱ conjuncȬ channelsȱcontrolȱsixȱmainȱengineȱandȱfourȱSRBȱ tionȱ withȱ theȱ orbiterȱ rollȱ rateȱ gyrosȱ untilȱ SRBȱ ATVCȱdrivers,ȱwithȱeachȱdriverȱcontrollingȱoneȱ separation.ȱ Atȱ SRBȱ separation,ȱ aȱ switchoverȱ isȱ hydraulicȱportȱonȱeachȱmainȱandȱSRBȱservoacȬ madeȱfromȱtheȱSRBȱRGAsȱtoȱtheȱorbiterȱRGAs.ȱ tuator.ȱ Theȱ SRBȱ RGAȱ ratesȱ passȱ throughȱ theȱ orbiterȱ Eachȱ SRBȱ servoactuatorȱ consistsȱ ofȱ fourȱ indeȬ flightȱaftȱmultiplexers/demultiplexersȱtoȱtheȱorȬ pendent,ȱ twoȬstageȱ servovalvesȱ thatȱ receiveȱ biterȱGPCs.ȱTheȱRGAȱratesȱareȱthenȱmidȬvalueȬȱ signalsȱ fromȱ theȱ drivers.ȱ Eachȱ servovalveȱ conȬ selectedȱinȱredundancyȱmanagementȱtoȱprovideȱ trolsȱ oneȱ powerȱ spoolȱ inȱ eachȱ actuator,ȱ whichȱ
JULY 2007 SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA 87
ȱ ȱ ȱ SRBȱ pitchȱ andȱ yawȱ ratesȱ toȱ theȱ userȱ software.ȱ SRBsȱ fromȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ TheȱRGAsȱareȱdesignedȱforȱ20ȱmissions.ȱ motorsȱinȱeachȱclusterȱofȱfourȱareȱignitedȱbyȱfirȬ ingȱ redundantȱ NSDȱ pressureȱ cartridgesȱ intoȱ SRB Separation redundantȱconfinedȱdetonatingȱfuseȱmanifolds.ȱ SRBȱseparationȱisȱinitiatedȱwhenȱtheȱthreeȱsolidȱ Theȱ separationȱ commandsȱ issuedȱ fromȱ theȱ orȬ rocketȱmotorȱchamberȱpressureȱtransducersȱareȱ biterȱbyȱtheȱSRBȱseparationȱsequenceȱinitiateȱtheȱ processedȱ inȱ theȱ redundancyȱ managementȱ redundantȱNSDȱpressureȱcartridgeȱinȱeachȱboltȱ middleȱvalueȱselectȱandȱtheȱheadȬendȱchamberȱ andȱigniteȱtheȱBSMsȱtoȱeffectȱaȱcleanȱseparation.ȱ pressureȱ ofȱ bothȱ SRBsȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ orȱ equalȱ toȱ 50ȱpsi.ȱ Aȱ backupȱ cueȱ isȱ theȱ timeȱ elapsedȱ fromȱ SPACE SHUTTLE SUPER LIGHT WEIGHT boosterȱignition.ȱ TANK (SLWT) Theȱseparationȱsequenceȱisȱinitiated,ȱcommandȬ Theȱ superȱ lightweightȱ externalȱ tankȱ (SLWT)ȱ ingȱ theȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ actuatorsȱ toȱ theȱ madeȱitsȱfirstȱshuttleȱflightȱJuneȱ2,ȱ1998,ȱonȱmisȬ nullȱ positionȱ andȱ puttingȱ theȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ sionȱSTSȬ91.ȱTheȱSLWTȱisȱ7,500ȱpoundsȱlighterȱ systemȱ intoȱ aȱ secondȬstageȱ configurationȱ thanȱ theȱ standardȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ lighterȱ (0.8ȱsecondȱfromȱsequenceȱinitialization),ȱwhichȱ weightȱtankȱallowsȱtheȱshuttleȱtoȱdeliverȱInterȬ ensuresȱ theȱ thrustȱ ofȱ eachȱ SRBȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ nationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ elementsȱ (suchȱ asȱ theȱ 100,000ȱpounds.ȱOrbiterȱyawȱattitudeȱisȱheldȱforȱ serviceȱmodule)ȱintoȱtheȱproperȱorbit.ȱ fourȱseconds,ȱandȱSRBȱthrustȱdropsȱtoȱlessȱthanȱ 60,000ȱpounds.ȱ TheȱSLWTȱisȱtheȱsameȱsizeȱasȱtheȱpreviousȱdeȬ sign.ȱButȱtheȱliquidȱhydrogenȱtankȱandȱtheȱliqȬ Theȱ SRBsȱ separateȱ fromȱ theȱ externalȱ tankȱ uidȱ oxygenȱ tankȱ areȱ madeȱ ofȱ aluminumȱ lithȬ withinȱ 30ȱ millisecondsȱ ofȱ theȱ ordnanceȱ firingȱ ium,ȱaȱlighter,ȱstrongerȱmaterialȱthanȱtheȱmetalȱ command.ȱ alloyȱ usedȱ forȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ currentȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ Theȱforwardȱattachmentȱpointȱconsistsȱofȱaȱballȱ tankȇsȱ structuralȱ designȱ hasȱ alsoȱ beenȱ imȬ (SRB)ȱandȱsocketȱ(ET)ȱheldȱtogetherȱbyȱoneȱbolt.ȱ proved,ȱ makingȱ itȱ 30ȱ percentȱ strongerȱ andȱ TheȱboltȱcontainsȱoneȱNSDȱpressureȱcartridgeȱatȱ 5ȱpercentȱlessȱdense.ȱ eachȱ end.ȱ Theȱ forwardȱ attachmentȱ pointȱ alsoȱ TheȱSLWT,ȱlikeȱtheȱstandardȱtank,ȱisȱmanufacȬ carriesȱtheȱrangeȱsafetyȱsystemȱcrossȬstrapȱwirȬ turedȱatȱMichoudȱAssembly,ȱnearȱNewȱOrleans,ȱ ingȱ connectingȱ eachȱ SRBȱ RSSȱ andȱ theȱ ETȱ RSSȱ byȱLockheedȱMartin.ȱ withȱeachȱother.ȱ Theȱ 154ȬfootȬlongȱ externalȱ tankȱ isȱ theȱ largestȱ TheȱaftȱattachmentȱpointsȱconsistȱofȱthreeȱsepaȬ singleȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱspaceȱshuttle.ȱItȱstandsȱ rateȱ struts:ȱ upper,ȱ diagonalȱ andȱ lower.ȱ Eachȱ tallerȱthanȱaȱ15ȬstoryȱbuildingȱandȱhasȱaȱdiameȬ strutȱ containsȱ oneȱ boltȱ withȱ anȱ NSDȱ pressureȱ terȱ ofȱ aboutȱ 27ȱ feet.ȱ Theȱ externalȱ tankȱ holdsȱ cartridgeȱatȱeachȱend.ȱTheȱupperȱstrutȱalsoȱcarȬ overȱ 530,000ȱ gallonsȱ ofȱ liquidȱ hydrogenȱ andȱ riesȱtheȱumbilicalȱinterfaceȱbetweenȱitsȱSRBȱandȱ liquidȱ oxygenȱ inȱ twoȱ separateȱ tanks.ȱ Theȱ hyȬ theȱexternalȱtankȱandȱonȱtoȱtheȱorbiter.ȱ drogenȱ (fuel)ȱ andȱ liquidȱ oxygenȱ (oxidizer)ȱ areȱ Thereȱ areȱ fourȱ boosterȱ separationȱ motorsȱ onȱ usedȱasȱpropellantsȱforȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱthreeȱmainȱ eachȱ endȱ ofȱ eachȱ SRB.ȱ Theȱ BSMsȱ separateȱ theȱ engines. ȱ
88 SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ LAUNCH AND LANDING ȱ LAUNCH RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS)
Asȱ withȱ allȱ previousȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ launches,ȱ Ifȱoneȱorȱmoreȱenginesȱshutsȱdownȱearlyȱandȱifȱ Endeavourȱ hasȱ severalȱ optionsȱ toȱ abortȱ itsȱ asȬ there’sȱ notȱ enoughȱ energyȱ toȱ reachȱ Zaragoza,ȱ centȱ ifȱ neededȱ dueȱ toȱ engineȱ failuresȱ orȱ otherȱ theȱ shuttleȱ wouldȱ pitchȱ aroundȱ towardȱ KSCȱ systemsȱ problems.ȱ Shuttleȱ launchȱ abortȱ phiȬ untilȱ withinȱ glidingȱ distanceȱ ofȱ theȱ Shuttleȱ losophyȱaimsȱtowardȱsafeȱrecoveryȱofȱtheȱflightȱ Landingȱ Facility.ȱ Forȱ launchȱ toȱ proceed,ȱ crewȱ andȱ intactȱ recoveryȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ andȱ itsȱ weatherȱ conditionsȱ mustȱ beȱ forecastȱ toȱ beȱ acȬ payload.ȱ ceptableȱ forȱ aȱ possibleȱ RTLSȱ landingȱ atȱ KSCȱ aboutȱ20ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ Abortȱmodesȱinclude:ȱ ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA) ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO) Anȱ AOAȱ isȱ selectedȱ ifȱ theȱ vehicleȱ cannotȱ Thisȱ modeȱ isȱ usedȱ ifȱ there’sȱ aȱ partialȱ lossȱ ofȱ achieveȱ aȱ viableȱ orbitȱ orȱ willȱ notȱ haveȱ enoughȱ mainȱengineȱthrustȱlateȱenoughȱtoȱpermitȱreachȬ propellantȱ toȱ performȱ aȱ deorbitȱ burn,ȱ butȱ hasȱ ingȱaȱminimalȱ105ȱbyȱ85ȱnauticalȱmileȱorbitȱwithȱ enoughȱenergyȱtoȱcircleȱtheȱEarthȱonceȱandȱlandȱ theȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ engines.ȱ Theȱ aboutȱ90ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ enginesȱ boostȱ theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ aȱ safeȱ orbitalȱ altiȬ tudeȱwhenȱitȱisȱimpossibleȱtoȱreachȱtheȱplannedȱ LANDING orbitalȱaltitude.ȱ Theȱ primaryȱ landingȱ siteȱ forȱ Endeavourȱ onȱ TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING STSȬ118ȱ isȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center’sȱ Shuttleȱ (TAL) Landingȱ Facility.ȱ Alternateȱ landingȱ sitesȱ thatȱ couldȱbeȱusedȱifȱneededȱdueȱtoȱweatherȱcondiȬ Theȱlossȱofȱoneȱorȱmoreȱmainȱenginesȱmidwayȱ tionsȱ orȱ systemsȱ failuresȱ areȱ atȱ Edwardsȱ Airȱ throughȱ poweredȱ flightȱ wouldȱ forceȱ aȱ landingȱ ForceȱBase,ȱCalif.,ȱandȱWhiteȱSandsȱSpaceȱHarȬ atȱ eitherȱ Zaragoza,ȱ Spain;ȱ Moron,ȱ Spain;ȱ orȱ IsȬ bor,ȱN.M.ȱ tres,ȱ France.ȱ Forȱ launchȱ toȱ proceed,ȱ weatherȱ conditionsȱ mustȱ beȱ acceptableȱ atȱ oneȱ ofȱ theseȱ TALȱsites.ȱ
JULY 2007 LAUNCH & LANDING 89
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Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ
90 LAUNCH & LANDING JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ȱ AAȱ AntennaȱAssemblyȱ AAAȱ AvionicsȱAirȱAssemblyȱ ABCȱ AudioȱBusȱCouplerȱ ACȱ AssemblyȱCompleteȱ ACBMȱ ActiveȱCommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ ACOȱ AssemblyȱandȱCheckoutȱOfficerȱ ACSȱ AtmosphereȱControlȱandȱSupplyȱ ACSMȱ AttitudeȱControlȱSystemȱModingȱ ACUȱ ArmȱComputerȱUnitȱ ADOȱ AdaptationȱDataȱOverlayȱ ADSEPȱ AdvancedȱSeparationȱ ADVASCȱ AdvancedȱAstrocultureȱ ADVASCȬGCȱ AdvancedȱAstroculture–GrowthȱChamberȱ AEAȱ AntennaȱElectronicsȱAssemblyȱ AFDȱ AftȱFlightȱDeckȱ AJISȱ AlphaȱJointȱInterfaceȱStructureȱ AKAȱ ActiveȱKeelȱAssemblyȱ APASȱ AndrogynousȱPeripheralȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ APCUȱ AssemblyȱPowerȱConverterȱUnitȱ APDSȱ AndrogynousȱPeripheralȱDockingȱSystemȱ APFRȱ ArticulatingȱPortableȱFootȱRestraintȱ APMȱ AttachedȱPressurizedȱModuleȱ APPCMȱ ArmȱPitchȱPlaneȱChangeȱModeȱ APSȱ AutomatedȱPayloadȱSwitchȱ ARȱ AtmosphereȱRevitalizationȱ ARCUȱ AmericanȬtoȬRussianȱConverterȱUnitȱ ARISȱ ActiveȱRackȱIsolationȱSystemȱ ARSȱ AirȱRevitalizationȱSystemȱ ASCRȱ AssuredȱSafeȱCrewȱReturnȱ ATAȱ AmmoniaȱTankȱAssemblyȱ ATCSȱ ActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ ATUȱ AudioȱTerminalȱUnitȱ AUAIȱ AssembleȱContingencyȱSystem/UHFȱAudioȱInterfaceȱ AVUȱ ArtificialȱVisionȱUnitȱ AVVȱ AccumulatorȱVentȱValveȱ
BAȱ BearingȱAssemblyȱ BBCȱ BusȱBoltȱControllerȱ BCȱ BusȱControllerȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 91
ȱ ȱ ȱ BCDUȱ BatteryȱCharge/DischargeȱUnitȱ BCUȱ BackupȱControllerȱUnitȱ BDUȱ BackupȱDriveȱUnitȱ BGȱ BetaȱGimbalȱ BGAȱ BetaȱGimbalȱAssemblyȱ BGDTSȱ BetaȱGimbalȱDeploymentȱTransitionȱStructureȱ BGHSȱ BetaȱGimbalȱHousingȱSubassemblyȱ BITȱ BuiltȬInȱTestȱ BITEȱ BuiltȬInȱTestȱEquipmentȱ BMRRMȱ BearingȱMotorȱandȱRollȱRingȱModuleȱ BONEMACȱ BoneȱMarrowȱMacrophagesȱinȱSpaceȱ BPSMUȱ BatteryȱPoweredȱSpeakerȱMicrophoneȱUnitȱ BRSȱ BottomȱRightȱSideȱ BSPȱ BasebandȱSignalȱProcessorȱ BTSȱ BoltȱTightȱSwitchȱ
C&Cȱ CommandȱandȱControlȱ C&DHȱ CommandȱandȱDataȱHandlingȱ C&Mȱ ControlȱandȱMonitorȱ C&Tȱ CommunicationȱandȱTrackingȱ C&Wȱ CautionȱandȱWarningȱ C/AȬcodeȱ Coarse/AcquisitionȬcodeȱ C/Lȱ CrewȱLockȱ CAȱ ControlȱAttitudeȱ CASȱ CommonȱAttachȱSystemȱ CBMȱ CommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ CBOSSȱ CellularȱBiotechnologyȱOperatingȱScienceȱSystemȱ CCAAȱ CommonȱCabinȱAirȱAssemblyȱ CCASEȱ CommercialȱCassetteȱExperimentȱ CCDȱ CursorȱControlȱDeviceȱ CCMSȱ ConcentricȱCableȱManagementȱSystemȱ CCSȱ CommunicationȱandȱControlȱSystemȱ CCTVȱ ClosedȬCircuitȱTelevisionȱ CDDTȱ CommonȱDisplayȱDevelopmentȱTeamȱ CDRAȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱRemovalȱAssemblyȱ CDSȱ CommandȱandȱDataȱSoftwareȱ CETAȱ CrewȱandȱEquipmentȱTranslationȱAidȱ CEUȱ ControlȱElectronicsȱUnitȱ CFAȱ CircularȱFanȱAssemblyȱ CGBAȱ CommercialȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȱ CHeCSȱ CrewȱHealthȱCareȱSystemȱ CHXȱ CondensingȱHeatȱExchangerȱ
92 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ CIDȱ CircuitȱInterruptȱDeviceȱ CIOBȱ CargoȱIntegrationȱandȱOperationsȱBranchȱ CLAȱ CameraȱandȱLightȱAssemblyȱ CLPAȱ CameraȱLightȱandȱPan/TiltȱAssemblyȱ CMGȱ ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ CMGȬTAȱ ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȬThrusterȱAssistȱ CO2ȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱ COASȱ CrewȱOpticalȱAlignmentȱSightȱ CORȱ CommunicationȱOutageȱRecorderȱ COTSȱ CommercialȬOffȬTheȬShelfȱ CPȱ ColdȱPlateȱ CPCGȬHȱ CommercialȱProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȬHighȱ CRȱ ChangeȱRequestȱ CRESȱ CorrosionȱResistantȱSteelȱ CRIMȱ CommercialȱRefrigeratorȱIncubatorȱModuleȱ CRIMȬMȱ CommercialȱRefrigeratorȱIncubatorȱModuleȬModifiedȱ CRPCMȱ CanadianȱRemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱModuleȱ CSAȱ ComputerȱSystemsȱArchitectureȱ CSAȬCPȱ CompoundȱSpecificȱAnalyzerȬCombustionȱProductsȱ CSCIȱ ComputerȱSoftwareȱConfigurationȱItemȱ CSMȱ CargoȱSystemsȱManualȱ CSSȱ CrewȱSupportȱStationȱ CTBȱ CargoȱTransferȱBagȱ CVIUȱ CommonȱVideoȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ CVTȱ CurrentȱValueȱTableȱ CVVȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱVentȱValveȱ CWCȱ ContingencyȱWaterȱCollectionȱ
DAAȱ DockedȱAirȬtoȬAirȱ DAG1ȱ DockedȱA/Gȱ1ȱ DAIUȱ DockedȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ DAPȱ DigitalȱAutopilotȱ DCȱ DockingȱCompartmentȱ dcȱȱȱȱȱ directȱcurrentȱ DCPȱ DisplayȱandȱControlȱPanelȱ DCSUȱ DirectȱCurrentȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ DDCUȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȱ DDCUȬCPȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȬColdȱPlateȱ DDCUȬEȱ ExternalȱDDCUȱ DDCUȬHPȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȬHeatȱPipeȱ DDCUȬIȱ InternalȱDDCUȱ DFLȱ DataȱFormatȱLoadȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 93
ȱ ȱ ȱ DLAȱ DriveȱLockingȱAssemblyȱ DMCUȱ DockingȱMechanismȱControlȱUnitȱ DMSȬRȱ DataȱManagementȱSystemȬRussianȱ dp/dtȱ deltaȱpressure/deltaȱtimeȱ DPAȱ DigitalȱPreassemblyȱ DPSȱ DataȱProcessingȱSystemȱ DTOȱ DevelopmentȱTestȱObjectiveȱ DTVȱ DigitalȱTelevisionȱ
E/Lȱ EquipmentȱLockȱ EȬStopȱ EmergencyȱStopȱ EACPȱ EMUȱAudioȱControlȱPanelȱ EAIUȱ EMUȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ EASȱ EarlyȱAmmoniaȱServicerȱ EATCSȱ ExternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSubsystemȱ ECLSSȱ EnvironmentalȱControlȱandȱLifeȱSupportȱSystemȱ ECUȱ ElectronicsȱControlȱUnitȱ EDȱ EngagementȱDriveȱ EDDAȱ ExternalȱManeuveringȱUnitȱDon/DoffȱAssemblyȱ EEȱ EndȱEffectorȱ EEATCSȱ EarlyȱExternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ EETȱ ExperimentȱElapsedȱTimeȱ EETCSȱ EarlyȱExternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ EFGFȱ ElectricalȱFlightȬreleasableȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ EGILȱ ElectricalȱGenerationȱandȱIntegratedȱLightingȱSystemsȱEngineerȱ EIAȱ ElectricalȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ EMPEVȱ EmergencyȱManualȱPressureȱEqualizationȱValueȱ EMUȱ ExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ EOAȱ EVAȱOhmmeterȱAssemblyȱ EPCEȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱConsumingȱEquipmentȱ EPGȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱGeneratorȱ EPSȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱSystemȱ ERȱ EdgeȱRouterȱ ESAȱ ExternalȱSamplingȱAdapterȱ ESPȱ ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȱ ESSMDMȱ EnhancedȱSpaceȱStationȱMultiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ ESUȱ EndȱStopȱUnitȱ ETCSȱ ExternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ ETIȱ ElapsedȱTimeȱIndicatorȱ ETRSȱ EVAȱTemporaryȱRailȱStopȱ ETSDȱ EVAȱToolȱStorageȱDeviceȱ ETVCGȱ ExternalȱTelevisionȱCamerasȱGroupȱ
94 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ EUEȱ ExperimentȱUniqueȱEquipmentȱ EVȱ Extravehicularȱ EVȬCPDSȱ ExtravehicularȬChargedȱParticleȱDirectionalȱSpectrometerȱ EVAȱ ExtravehicularȱActivityȱ EVRȱ ExtravehicularȱRoboticsȱ EVSUȱ ExternalȱVideoȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ EXPRESSȱ EXpediteȱtheȱPRocessingȱofȱExperimentsȱtoȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱ EXTȱ ExperimentalȱTerminalȱ EWISȱ ExternalȱWirelessȱInstrumentationȱSystemȱ
FAWGȱ FlightȱAssignmentȱWorkingȱGroupȱ FCȱ FirmwareȱControllerȱ FCCȱ FlatȱControllerȱCircuitȱ FCTȱ FlightȱControlȱTeamȱ FCVȱ FlowȱControlȱValveȱ FDȱ FlightȱDayȱ FDAȱ FaultȱDetectionȱAnnunciationȱ FDIRȱ Failure,ȱDetection,ȱIsolationȱandȱRecoveryȱ FDSȱ FireȱDetectionȱandȱSuppressionȱ FETȱ FieldȱEffectȱTransistorȱ FGBȱ FunctionalȱCargoȱBlockȱ FHRCȱ FlexȱHoseȱRotaryȱCouplerȱ FIȱ FaultȱIsolatorȱ FPUȱ FluidȱPumpingȱUnitȱ FQDCȱ FluidȱQuickȱDisconnectȱCouplingȱ FRDȱ FlightȱRequirementsȱDocumentȱ FRGFȱ FlightȱReleasableȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ FSEȱ FlightȱSupportȱEquipmentȱ FSSȱ FluidȱSystemȱServicerȱ FWCIȱ FirmwareȱConfigurationȱItemȱ
GASȱ GetȱAwayȱSpecialȱ GCȱ GrowthȱCellȱ GCAȱ GrowthȱCellȱAssemblyȱ GFEȱ GovernmentȬFurnishedȱEquipmentȱ GFIȱ GroundȱFaultȱInterrupterȱ GJOPȱ GenericȱJointȱOperationsȱPanelȱ GLONASSȱ GLObalȱNavigationalȱSatelliteȱSystemȱ GN&Cȱ Guidance,ȱNavigationȱandȱControlȱ GNCȱ GuidanceȱNavigationȱComputerȱ GPCȱ GeneralȱPurposeȱComputerȱ GPRVȱ GasȱPressureȱregulatingȱValveȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 95
ȱ ȱ ȱ GPSȱ GlobalȱPositioningȱSystemȱ GUIȱ GraphicalȱUserȱInterfaceȱ
H2ȱ Hydrogenȱ HABȱ HabitatȱModuleȱ HCȱ HandȱControllerȱ HCAȱ HollowȱCathodeȱAssemblyȱ HCORȱ HighȬRateȱCommunicationȱOutageȱRecorderȱ HDRȱ HighȱDataȱRateȱ HDRLȱ HighȱDateȱRateȱLinkȱ HEPAȱ HighȱEfficiencyȱParticulateȱAirȱ HGAȱ HighȱGainȱAntennaȱ HHLȱ HandheldȱLidarȱ HPȱ HeatȱPipeȱ HPGTȱ HighȱPressureȱGasȱTankȱ HRFȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱ HRFȬPUFȬDKȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱPuffȱDataȱKitȱ HRFȬResȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱResupplyȱ HRFMȱ HighȱRateȱFrameȱMultiplexerȱ HRMȱ HighȱRateȱModemȱ HRSȱ HandȱReactionȱSwitchȱ
I/Fȱ Interfaceȱ I/Oȱ Input/Outputȱ IACȱ InternalȱAudioȱControllerȱ IASȱ InternalȱAudioȱSubsystemȱ IATCSȱ InternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ ICCȱ IntegratedȱCargoȱCarrierȱ ICOMȱ Intercomȱ IDAȱ IntegratedȱDiodeȱAssemblyȱ IDRDȱ IncrementȱDefinitionȱRequirementsȱDocumentȱ IEAȱ IntegratedȱEquipmentȱAssemblyȱ IFHXȱ InterfaceȱHeatȱExchangerȱ IFIȱ ItemȱforȱInvestigationȱ IFMȱ InȬflightȱMaintenanceȱ IMCAȱ IntegratedȱMotorȱControlȱAssemblyȱ IMCSȱ IntegratedȱMissionȱControlȱSystemȱ IMUȱ ImpedanceȱMatchingȱUnitȱ IMVȱ IntermoduleȱVentilationȱȱ INCOȱȱ InstrumentationȱandȱCommunicationȱOfficerȱ INSTMȱ Instrumentationȱ INTȱ Internalȱ INTSYSȱ InternalȱSystemsȱ
96 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ IOCȱ Input/OutputȱControllerȱ IOCUȱ Input/OutputȱControllerȱUnitȱ IPȱ InternationalȱPartnerȱ IRUȱ InȬFlightȱRefillȱUnitȱ ISAȱ InternalȱSamplingȱAdapterȱ ISISȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱInterfaceȱStandardȱ ISLȱ IntegratedȱStationȱLANȱ ISOȱ InventoryȱandȱStowageȱOfficerȱ ISPRȱ InternationalȱStandardȱPayloadȱRackȱ ISSȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ ISSPOȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱProgramȱOfficeȱ ISSSHȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱSystemsȱHandbookȱ ITȱ IntegratedȱTrussȱ ITCSȱ InternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ ITSȱ IntegratedȱTrussȱSegmentȱ IUAȱ InterfaceȱUmbilicalȱAssemblyȱ IVȱ Intravehicularȱȱ IVAȱ IntravehicularȱActivityȱ IVSUȱ InternalȱVideoȱSwitchȱUnitȱ IWISȱ InternalȱWirelessȱInstrumentationȱSystemȱ
JAXAȱ JapanȱAerospaceȱExplorationȱAgencyȱ JEMȱ JapaneseȱExperimentȱModuleȱ JEUȱ JointȱElectronicȱUnitȱ
KSCȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ kWȱ Kilowattȱ
LAȱ LaunchȱAftȱ Labȱ Laboratoryȱȱ LANȱ LocalȱAreaȱNetworkȱ LBȱ LocalȱBusȱ LBȬRWSȱ RWSȱLocalȱBusȱ LCAȱ LabȱCradleȱAssemblyȱ LCCȱ LaunchȱCommitȱCriteriaȱ LCDȱ LiquidȱCrystalȱDisplayȱ LDIȱ LocalȱDataȱInterfaceȱ LDRȱ LowȱDataȱRateȱ LDUȱ LinearȱDriveȱUnitȱ LEDȱ LightȬEmittingȱDiodeȱ LEEȱ LatchingȱEndȱEffectorȱ LEUȱ LEEȱElectronicȱUnitȱ LFDPȱ LoadȱFaultȱDetectionȱProtectionȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 97
ȱ ȱ ȱ LGAȱ LowȱGainȱAntennaȱ LLAȱ LowȱLevelȱAnalogȱ LMCȱ LightweightȱMultipurposeȱCarrierȱ LONȱ LaunchȱOnȱNeedȱ LTȱ LowȱTemperatureȱ LTAȱ LaunchȱtoȱActivationȱ LTLȱ LowȱTemperatureȱLoopȱ LTUȱ LoadȱTransferȱUnitȱ LVLHȱ LocalȱVerticalȱLocalȱHorizontalȱ
MAȱ MechanicalȱAssemblyȱ MAMȱ ManualȱAugmentedȱRoleȱ MBAȱ MotorizedȱBoltȱAssemblyȱȱ MBEȱ MetalȱBellowsȱExpanderȱ MBMȱ ManualȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ MBSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServiceȱBaseȱSystemȱ MBSUȱ MainȱBusȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ MCȱ MidcourseȱCorrectionȱ MCAȱ MajorȱConstituentȱAnalyzerȱ MCASȱ MBSȱCommonȱAttachȱSystemȱ MCCȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȱ MCCȬHȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȬHoustonȱ MCCȬMȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȬMoscowȱ MCDSȱ MultifunctionȱCRTȱDisplayȱSystemȱ MCSȱ MotionȱControlȱSystemȱ MCUȱ MBSȱComputerȱUnitȱ MDAȱ MotorȱDriveȱAssemblyȱ MDLȱ MiddeckȱLockerȱ MDMȱ Multiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ MEDȱOPSȱ MedicalȱOperationsȱ MEPSȱ MicroencapsulationȱElectrostaticȱProcessingȱSystemȱ MEPSIȱ MicroȬElectromechanicalȱSystemȬbasedȱPicoȱSatelliteȱInspectorȱ MERȱ MissionȱEvaluationȱRoomȱ METȱ MissionȱElapsedȱTimeȱ METOXȱ MetalȱOxideȱ MFCVȱ ManualȱFlowȱControlȱValveȱ MHSȱ MCUȱHostȱSoftwareȱ MILȬSTDȱ MilitaryȱStandardȱ MILAȱ ModeȱIndicatingȱLightȱAssemblyȱ MIPȱ MissionȱIntegrationȱPlanȱ MISSEȱ MaterialsȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱExperimentȱ MLIȱ MultiȬLayerȱInsulationȱ
98 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ MM/ODȱ Micrometeoroid/OrbitalȱDebrisȱ MMTȱ MissionȱManagementȱTeamȱ MODȱ MissionȱOperationsȱDirectorateȱ MPEVȱ ManualȱPressureȱEqualizationȱValveȱ MPLMȱ MultipurposeȱLogisticsȱModuleȱ MPMȱ ManipulatorȱPositioningȱMechanismȱ MRLȱ ManipulatorȱRetentionȱLatchȱ MRSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServicerȱ MRSBSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServicerȱBaseȱSystemȱ MSDȱ MassȱStorageȱDeviceȱ MSFCȱ MarshallȱSpaceȱFlightȱCenterȱ MSGȱ MicrogravityȱScienceȱGloveboxȱ MSSȱ MobileȱServicingȱSystemȱ MTȱ MobileȱTransporterȱ MTCLȱ MobileȱTransporterȱCaptureȱLatchȱ MTLȱ ModerateȱTemperatureȱLoopȱ MTSȱ ModuleȬtoȬTrussȱSegmentȱ MTSASȱ ModuleȬtoȬTrussȱSegmentȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ MTWsNȱ MoveȱtoȱWorksiteȱNumberȱ
N2ȱ Nitrogenȱ N.ȱmi.ȱ Nauticalȱmileȱ NASAȱȱ NationalȱAeronauticsȱandȱSpaceȱAdministrationȱ NCCȱ NominalȱCorrectiveȱCombinationȱburnȱ NCGȱ NonȱCondensableȱGasȱ NCSȱ NodeȱControlȱSoftwareȱ NCUȱ NetworkȱControlȱUnitȱ NETȱ NoȱEarlierȱThanȱ NIAȱ NitrogenȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ NiH2ȱ NickelȱHydrogenȱ NIVȱ NitrogenȱIntroductionȱValveȱ NSIȱ NASAȱStandardȱInitiatorȱ NSTSȱ NationalȱSpaceȱTransportationȱSystemȱ NTAȱ NitrogenȱTankȱAssemblyȱ
O2ȱ Oxygenȱ OCAȱ OrbitalȱCommunicationsȱAdapterȱ OCADȱ OperationalȱControlȱAgreementȱDocumentȱ OCJMȱ OperatorȬCommandedȱJointȱPositionȱModeȱ OCPMȱ OperatorȬCommandedȱPORȱModeȱ OCSȱ OperationsȱandȱControlȱSoftwareȱ ODINȱ OrbitalȱDesignȱIntegrationȱSystemȱ ODSȱ OrbiterȱDockingȱSystemȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 99
ȱ ȱ ȱ OIȱ OperationalȱIncrementȱ OIUȱ OrbiterȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ OIVȱ OxygenȱIsolationȱValveȱ OMIȱ OnȬOrbitȱMaintainableȱItemȱ OMSȱ OrbitalȱManeuveringȱSystemȱ OPCGAȱ ObservableȱProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȱApparatusȱ OPPȱ OSVSȱPatchȱPanelȱ Opsȱ Operationsȱ OPSȱLANȱ OperationsȱLocalȱAreaȱNetworkȱ ORBTȱ OptimizedȱRBarȱTargetingȱTechniqueȱ ORCAȱ OxygenȱRechargeȱCompressorȱAssemblyȱ ORUȱ OrbitalȱReplacementȱUnitȱ OSEȱ OrbiterȱSupportȱEquipmentȱ OSOȱ OperationsȱSupportȱOfficerȱ OSVSȱ OrbiterȱSpaceȱVisionȱSystemȱ OTDȱ ORUȱTransferȱDeviceȱ OVȱ OrbiterȱVehicleȱ
P&Sȱ PointingȱandȱSupportȱ PȬCodeȱ PrecisionȱCodeȱ P/Lȱ Payloadȱ P/TVȱ Photo/Televisionȱȱ P3/P4ȱ Portȱ3/Portȱ4ȱ PASȱ PayloadȱAttachȱSystemȱ PBAȱ PortableȱBreathingȱApparatusȱ PCȱ PersonalȱComputerȱ PCAȱ PressureȱControlȱAssemblyȱ PCAMȱ ProteinȱCrystallizationȱApparatusȱforȱMicrogravityȱ PCBMȱ PassiveȱCommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ PCCȱ PowerȱConverterȱControllerȱ PCGȬSTESȱ ProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȬSingleȱThermalȱEnclosureȱSystemȱ PCMCIAȱ PersonalȱComputerȱMemoryȱCardȱInternationalȱAdapterȱ PCPȱ PressureȱControlȱPanelȱ PCRȱ PortableȱComputerȱReceptacleȱȱ PCSȱ PortableȱComputerȱSystemȱ PCTȱ PostȬContactȱThrustingȱ PCUȱ PlasmaȱConnectorȱUnitȱ PCVPȱ PumpȱandȱControlȱValveȱPackageȱ PDGFȱ PowerȱandȱDataȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ PDIȱ PayloadȱDataȱInterfaceȱ PDIPȱ PayloadȱDataȱInterfaceȱPanelȱ PDRSȱ PayloadȱDeploymentȱandȱRetrievalȱSystemȱ
100 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ PDTAȱ PowerȱDataȱTransferȱAssemblyȱ PDUȱ PowerȱDriveȱUnitȱ PEHGȱ PayloadȱEthernetȱHubȱGatewayȱ PFȱ PayloadȱForwardȱȱ PFCSȱ PumpȱFlowȱControlȱSubassemblyȱ PFEȱ PortableȱFireȱExtinguisherȱ PFMCȱ Pump/FanȱMotorȱControllerȱ PFRȱ PortableȱFootȱRestraintȱȱ PGBAȬSȱ PlantȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȬStowageȱ PGSCȱ PortableȱGeneralȱSupportȱComputerȱ PGTȱ PistolȱGripȱToolȱ PHALCONȱ Power,ȱHeating,ȱArticulation,ȱLighting,ȱandȱControlȱOfficerȱ PJPAMȱ PreȬstoredȱJointȱPositionȱAutosequenceȱModeȱ PLBȱ PayloadȱBayȱ PMȱ PumpȱModuleȱ PMAȱ PressurizedȱMatingȱAdapterȱ PMCUȱ PowerȱManagementȱControlȱUnitȱ PMDISȱ PerceptualȱMotorȱDeficitsȱInȱSpaceȱ PMPȱ PayloadȱMountingȱPanelȱ POAȱ Payload/ORUȱAccommodationȱ POCȱ PortableȱOnboardȱComputerȱȱ PORȱ PointȱofȱReferenceȱ POSTȱ PowerȱONȱSelfȬTestȱ PPȱ PlanningȱPeriodȱ PPAȱ PumpȱPackageȱAssemblyȱ PPAMȱ PreȬstoredȱPORȱAutosequenceȱModeȱ ppO2ȱ partialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱ PPRVȱ PositiveȱPressureȱReliefȱValveȱ PPTȱ Precipitateȱȱ PRDȱ PayloadȱRetentionȱDeviceȱ PRLAȱ PayloadȱRetentionȱLatchȱAssemblyȱ ProxȬOpsȱ ProximityȱOperationsȱ PSNȱ PowerȱSourceȱNodeȱ PSPȱ PayloadȱSignalȱProcessorȱȱ PTBȱ PayloadȱTrainingȱBufferȱ PTCSȱ PassiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ PTRȱ PortȱThermalȱRadiatorȱ PTUȱ Pan/TiltȱUnitȱ PVȱ Photovoltaicȱ PVCAȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱApplicationȱ PVCEȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱElementȱ PVCUȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱUnitȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 101
ȱ ȱ ȱ PVMȱ PhotovoltaicȱModuleȱ PVRȱ PhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱ PVRGFȱ PhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ PVTCSȱ PhotovoltaicȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ PWPȱ PortableȱWorkȱPlatformȱ PWRȱ PortableȱWaterȱReservoirȱ PYRȱ PitchȱYawȱRollȱ
QDȱ QuickȱDisconnectȱ
R/Fȱ Refrigerator/Freezerȱ R&Rȱ RemovalȱandȱReplacementȱ RACUȱ RussianȬtoȬAmericanȱConverterȱUnitȱ RAIUȱ RussianȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ RAMȱ RandomȱAccessȱMemoryȱ RAMVȱ RheostatȱAirȱMixȱValveȱ RBȱ RadiatorȱBeamȱ RBBȱ RightȱBlanketȱBoxȱ RBIȱ RemoteȱBusȱIsolatorȱ RBVMȱ RadiatorȱBeamȱValveȱȱ RCCȱ ReinforcedȱCarbonȬCarbonȱ RCSȱ ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱ RDAȱ RetainerȱDoorȱAssemblyȱ RFȱ RadioȱFrequencyȱ RFCAȱ RackȱFlowȱControlȱAssemblyȱ RFGȱ RadioȱFrequencyȱGroupȱ RGAȱ RateȱGyroȱAssembliesȱ RHCȱ RotationalȱHandȱControllerȱ RHXȱ RegenerativeȱHeatȱExchangerȱ RICȱ RackȱInterfaceȱControllerȱ RJMCȱ RotaryȱJointȱMotorȱControllerȱ RMSȱ RemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ ROBOȱ RoboticsȱOperationsȱSupportȱOfficerȱȱ ROSȱ RussianȱOrbitalȱSegmentȱ RPȱ Receiver/Processorȱȱ RPCȱ RemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱ RPCMȱ RemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱModuleȱ RPDAȱ RemoteȱPowerȱDistributionȱAssemblyȱ RPMȱ RbarȱPitchȱManeuverȱ RPOPȱ RendezvousȱandȱProximityȱOperationsȱProgramȱ RSȱ RussianȱSegmentȱ RSCȱ RMSȱSideviewȱCameraȱ RSPȱ ResupplyȱStowageȱPlatformȱ
102 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ RSRȱ ResupplyȱStowageȱRackȱ RSTSȱ RackȱStandaloneȱTemperatureȱSensorȱ RSUȱ RollerȱSuspensionȱUnitȱ ȱ RemoteȱSensingȱUnitȱ RTȱ RemoteȱTerminalȱ RTȬBoxȱ ReactionȱTimeȱBoxȱ RTASȱ RocketdyneȱTrussȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ RTDȱ ResistiveȱThermalȱDeviceȱ RTLȱ ReadyȱtoȱLatchȱ RWSȱ RoboticȱWorkstationȱ Sȱ Starboardȱ S&Mȱ StructuresȱandȱMechanismsȱ S3/S4ȱ Starboardȱ3/Starboardȱ4ȱ SAȱ SolarȱArrayȱ SABBȱ SolarȱArrayȱBlanketȱBoxȱ SAGEȱ SpaceȱArabidoposisȱGenomicsȱExperimentȱ SARJȱ SolarȱAlphaȱRotaryȱJointȱ SARJ_Cȱ SARJȱControllerȱ SARJ_Mȱ SARJȱManagerȱ SASAȱ SȬbandȱAntennaȱSupportȱAssemblyȱ SAWȱ SolarȱArrayȱWingȱ SCAȱ SwitchgearȱControllerȱAssemblyȱ SCIȱ SignalȱConditioningȱInterfaceȱ SCUȱ ServiceȱandȱCoolingȱUmbilicalȱ SDȱ SmokeȱDetectorȱ SDOȱ SolenoidȱDriverȱOutputȱ SDSȱ SampleȱDeliveryȱSystemȱ SEMȱ ShuntȱElectronicsȱModuleȱ SEPSȱ SecondaryȱElectricalȱPowerȱSubsystemȱ SFCAȱ SystemȱFlowȱControlȱAssemblyȱ SFUȱ SquibȱFiringȱUnitȱ SGANTȱ SpaceȬtoȬGroundȱAntennaȱ SHOSSȱ SpacehabȱOceaneeringȱSpaceȱSystemȱ SHOTȱ SpaceȱHardwareȱOptimizationȱTechnologyȱ SIGIȱ SpaceȱIntegratedȱGlobalȱPositioningȱSystem/InertialȱNavigationȱSystemȱ SJRMȱ SingleȱJointȱRateȱModeȱ SLDPȱ SpacelabȱDataȱProcessingȱ SLPȱ SpacelabȱLogisticsȱPalletȱ SMȱ ServiceȱModuleȱ SMCCȱ ShuttleȱMissionȱControlȱCenterȱ SMDPȱ ServiceȱModuleȱDebrisȱPanelȱ SOCȱ StateȱofȱChargeȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 103
ȱ ȱ ȱ SOVȱ ShutoffȱValveȱ SPCEȱ ServicingȱPerformanceȱandȱCheckoutȱEquipmentȱ SPDȱ SpoolȱPositioningȱDeviceȱ SPDAȱ SecondaryȱPowerȱDistributionȱAssemblyȱ SPDMȱ SpecialȱPurposeȱDexterousȱManipulatorȱ SPGȱ SingleȬPointȱGroundȱ SRMSȱ ShuttleȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ SSASȱ SegmentȬtoȬSegmentȱAttachȱSystemȱ SSBAȱ SpaceȱStationȱBufferȱAmplifierȱ SSCȱ StationȱSupportȱComputerȱ SSMDMȱ SpaceȱStationȱMultiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ SSORȱ SpaceȬtoȬSpaceȱOrbiterȱRatioȱ SSPȱ StandardȱSwitchȱPanelȱ SSPTSȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ SSRMSȱ SpaceȱStationȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ SSSHȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱSystemsȱHandbookȱ SSSRȱ SpaceȬtoȬSpaceȱStationȱRadioȱ SSUȱ SequentialȱShuntȱUnitȱ STCRȱ StarboardȱThermalȱControlȱRadiatorȱ STESȱ SingleȱThermalȱEnclosureȱSystemȱ STRȱ StarboardȱThermalȱRadiatorȱ SVSȱ SpaceȱVisionȱSystemȱ
TAȱ ThrusterȱAssistȱ TAAȱ TriaxialȱAccelerometerȱAssemblyȱ TAHȱ TrayȱActuationȱHandleȱ TBAȱ TrundleȱBearingȱAssemblyȱ TCȱ TerminalȱComputerȱ TCCSȱ TraceȱContaminantȱControlȱSubassemblyȱ TCCVȱ TemperatureȱControlȱandȱCheckȱValveȱ TCSȱ TrajectoryȱControlȱSensorȱ TDȱ TranslationȱDriveȱ TDRSȱ TrackingȱandȱDataȱRelayȱSatelliteȱ TDRSSȱ TrackingȱandȱDataȱRelayȱSatelliteȱSystemȱ TEAȱ TorqueȱEquilibriumȱAttitudeȱ TFRȱ TranslationȱFootȱRestraintȱ THCȱ TemperatureȱandȱHumidityȱControlȱ THORȱ ThermalȱOperationsȱandȱResourcesȱOfficerȱ TIȱ TerminalȱPhaseȱInitiationȱ TORFȱ TwiceȱOrbitalȱRateȱFlyaroundȱ TORUȱ TeleoperatorȱControlȱModeȱ TORVAȱ TwiceȱOrbitalȱRateȱ+Rbarȱtoȱ+VbarȱApproachȱ
104 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ TPLȱ TransferȱPriorityȱListȱ TRACȱ TestȱofȱReactionȱandȱAdaptionȱCapabilitiesȱ TRCȱ TransmitterȱReceiverȱControllerȱ TRRJȱ ThermalȱRadiatorȱRotaryȱJointȱ TSPȱ TwistedȱShieldedȱPairȱ TTCRȱ TrailingȱThermalȱControlȱRadiatorȱ TUSȱ TrailingȱUmbilicalȱSystemȱ TVISȱ TreadmillȱVibrationȱIsolationȱSystemȱ TWMVȱ ThreeȬWayȱMixingȱValveȱ
UBȱ UserȱBusȱ UCCASȱ UnpressurizedȱCargoȱCarrierȱAttachȱSystemȱ UDGȱ UserȱDataȱGenerationȱ UFȱ UtilizationȱFlightȱ UHFȱ UltrahighȱFrequencyȱ UIAȱ UmbilicalȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ ULCASȱ UnpressurizedȱLogisticsȱCarrierȱAttachȱSystemȱ UIPȱ UtilityȱInterfaceȱPanelȱ ULFȱ UtilizationȱLogisticsȱFlightȱȱ UMAȱ UmbilicalȱMechanismȱAssemblyȱ UOPȱ UtilityȱOutletȱPanelȱ USAȱ UnitedȱSpaceȱAllianceȱȱ USLȱ U.S.ȱLaboratoryȱ USOSȱ UnitedȱStatesȱOnȬOrbitȱSegmentȱ UTAȱ UtilityȱTransferȱAssemblyȱ
VAJȱ VacuumȱAccessȱJumperȱ VBSPȱȱ VideoȱBasebandȱSignalȱProcessorȱ VCPȱ VideoȱCameraȱPortȱ VCSAȱ VideoȱCameraȱSupportȱAssemblyȱȱ VDSȱ VideoȱDistributionȱSystemȱ VDUȱ VideoȱDistributionȱUnitȱ VESȱ VacuumȱExhaustȱSystemȱ VGSȱ VideoȱGraphicsȱSoftwareȱ VRCVȱ Vent/ReliefȱControlȱValveȱ VRIVȱ Vent/ReliefȱIsolationȱValveȱ VRSȱ VESȱResourceȱSystemȱ VRVȱ Vent/ReliefȱValveȱ VSCȱ VideoȱSignalȱConverterȱ VSSAȱ VideoȱStanchionȱSupportȱAssemblyȱ
W/Sȱ Worksiteȱ WETAȱ WVSȱExternalȱTransceiverȱAssemblyȱ
JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 105
ȱ ȱ ȱ WHSȱ WorkstationȱHostȱSoftwareȱ WIFȱ WorksiteȱInterfaceȱ WRMȱ WaterȱRecoveryȱManagementȱ WSȱ WaterȱSeparatorȱ WVAȱ WaterȱVentȱAssemblyȱ
XPOPȱ XȬaxisȱPointingȱOutȱofȱPlaneȱ
ZCGȬSSȱ ZeoliteȱCrystalȱGrowth—SampleȱStowageȱ ZSRȱ ZeroȬgȱStowageȱRackȱ
106 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS JULY 2007
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JULY 2007 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 107
ȱ ȱ ȱ MEDIA ASSISTANCE ȱ NASA TELEVISION TRANSMISSION ters,ȱ Washington.ȱ Theȱ televisionȱ scheduleȱ willȱ beȱ updatedȱ toȱ reflectȱ changesȱ dictatedȱ byȱ misȬ NASAȱTelevisionȱisȱcarriedȱonȱanȱMPEGȬ2ȱdigiȬ sionȱoperations.ȱ talȱ signalȱ accessedȱ viaȱ satelliteȱ AMCȬ6,ȱ atȱ 72ȱdegreesȱ westȱ longitude,ȱ transponderȱ 17C,ȱ Status Reports 4040ȱ MHz,ȱ verticalȱ polarization.ȱ Forȱ thoseȱ inȱ StatusȱreportsȱonȱcountdownȱandȱmissionȱproȬ Alaskaȱ orȱ Hawaii,ȱ NASAȱ Televisionȱ willȱ beȱ gress,ȱonȬorbitȱactivitiesȱandȱlandingȱoperationsȱ seenȱonȱAMCȬ7,ȱatȱ137ȱdegreesȱwestȱlongitude,ȱ willȱbeȱpostedȱat:ȱ transponderȱ 18C,ȱ atȱ 4060ȱ MHz,ȱ horizontalȱ poȬ larization.ȱ Inȱ bothȱ instances,ȱ aȱ Digitalȱ Videoȱ http://www.nasa.gov/shuttle Broadcastȱ(DVB)ȬcompliantȱIntegratedȱReceiverȱ Thisȱsiteȱalsoȱcontainsȱinformationȱonȱtheȱcrewȱ Decoderȱ(IRD)ȱ(withȱmodulationȱofȱQPSK/DBV,ȱ andȱwillȱbeȱupdatedȱregularlyȱwithȱphotosȱandȱ dataȱrateȱofȱ36.86ȱandȱFECȱ¾)ȱwillȱbeȱneededȱforȱ videoȱclipsȱthroughoutȱtheȱflight.ȱ reception.ȱ Theȱ NASAȱ Televisionȱ scheduleȱ andȱ Briefings linksȱtoȱstreamingȱvideoȱareȱavailableȱat:ȱ Aȱmissionȱpressȱbriefingȱscheduleȱwillȱbeȱissuedȱ http://www.nasa.gov/ntv beforeȱ launch.ȱ Theȱ updatedȱ NASAȱ televisionȱ NASAȱ TVȇsȱ digitalȱ conversionȱ willȱ requireȱ scheduleȱ willȱ indicateȱ whenȱ missionȱ briefingsȱ membersȱ ofȱ theȱ broadcastȱ mediaȱ toȱ upgradeȱ areȱplanned.ȱ withȱ anȱȇaddressableȇȱ Integratedȱ Receiverȱ DeȬ Internet Information coder,ȱorȱIRD,ȱtoȱparticipateȱinȱliveȱnewsȱeventsȱ andȱ interviews,ȱ pressȱ briefingsȱ andȱ receiveȱ Informationȱ onȱ safetyȱ enhancementsȱ madeȱ NASAȇsȱ Videoȱ Fileȱ newsȱ feedsȱ onȱ aȱ dedicatedȱ sinceȱtheȱColumbiaȱAccidentȱisȱavailableȱat:ȱ Mediaȱ Servicesȱ channel.ȱ NASAȱ missionȱ coverȬ www.nasa.gov/returntoflight/system/index.html ageȱ willȱ airȱ onȱ aȱ digitalȱ NASAȱ Publicȱ Servicesȱ InformationȱonȱotherȱcurrentȱNASAȱactivitiesȱisȱ (ȈFreeȱ toȱ AirȈ)ȱ channel,ȱ forȱ whichȱ onlyȱ aȱ basicȱ availableȱat:ȱ IRDȱwillȱbeȱneeded.ȱTheȱscheduleȱforȱtelevisionȱ transmissionsȱfromȱtheȱorbiterȱandȱforȱmissionȱ http://www.nasa.gov/home briefingsȱwillȱbeȱavailableȱduringȱtheȱmissionȱatȱ ResourcesȱforȱeducatorsȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱatȱtheȱfolȬ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Fla.;ȱ Marshallȱ Spaceȱ lowingȱaddress:ȱ Flightȱ Center,ȱ Huntsville,ȱ Ala.;ȱ Drydenȱ Flightȱ http://education.nasa.gov Researchȱ Center,ȱ Edwards,ȱ Calif.;ȱ Johnsonȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Houston;ȱ andȱ NASAȱ HeadquarȬ
JULY 2007 MEDIA ASSISTANCE 107
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108 MEDIA ASSISTANCE JULY 2007
ȱ ȱ ȱ PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS ȱ HEADQUARTERS RobȱNaviasȱ WASHINGTON, DC ProgramȱandȱMissionȱOperationsȱLeadȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ AllardȱBeutelȱ PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ LynnetteȱMadisonȱ SpaceȱOperationsȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ 202Ȭ358Ȭ4769ȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱandȱEngineeringȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ KatherineȱTrinidadȱ PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ KENNEDY SPACE CENTER SpaceȱOperationsȱ FLORIDA 202Ȭ358Ȭ3749ȱ GeorgeȱDillerȱ JohnȱYembrickȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱ SpaceȱOperationsȱ 321Ȭ867Ȭ2468ȱ 202Ȭ358Ȭ0602ȱ TracyȱYoungȱ MichaelȱBraukusȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ InternationalȱPartnersȱ 321Ȭ867Ȭ2468ȱ 202Ȭ358Ȭ1979ȱ MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER JOHNSON SPACE CENTER HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA HOUSTON, TEXAS DomȱAmatoreȱ JamesȱHartsfieldȱ PublicȱAffairsȱManagerȱ NewsȱChiefȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ JuneȱMaloneȱ KyleȱHerringȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ NewsȱChief/MediaȱManagerȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱProgramȱOfficeȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ SteveȱRoy KylieȱClemȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialist PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱPropulsion MissionȱOperationsȱandȱFlightȱCrewȱOperationsȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ
JULY 2007 PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS 109
ȱ ȱ ȱ STENNIS SPACE CENTER GLENN RESEARCH CENTER MISSISSIPPI CLEVELAND, OHIO
LindaȱTheobaldȱ LoriȱRachulȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ NewsȱChiefȱ 228Ȭ688Ȭ3249ȱ 216Ȭ433Ȭ8806ȱ
PaulȱFoermanȱ KatherineȱMartinȱ NewsȱChiefȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ 228Ȭ688Ȭ1880ȱ 216Ȭ433Ȭ2406ȱ
RebeccaȱStreckerȱ LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 228Ȭ688Ȭ3346ȱ H.ȱKeithȱHenryȱ AMES RESEARCH CENTER Deputy,ȱOfficeȱofȱPublicȱAffairsȱ MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA 757Ȭ864Ȭ6120ȱ
MikeȱMewhinneyȱ UNITED SPACE ALLIANCE NewsȱChiefȱ 650Ȭ604Ȭ3937ȱ MikeȱCurieȱ SpaceȱProgramȱOperationsȱContractȱ JonasȱDinoȱ HoustonȱOperationsȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ9251ȱ 650Ȭ604Ȭ5612ȱ 321Ȭ861Ȭ3805ȱ
DRYDEN FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER TracyȱYatesȱ CALIFORNIA FloridaȱOperationsȱ 321Ȭ861Ȭ3956ȱ AlanȱBrownȱ NewsȱChiefȱ BOEING 661Ȭ276Ȭ2665ȱ EdȱMemiȱ LeslieȱWilliamsȱ MediaȱRelationsȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ BoeingȱNASAȱSystemsȱ 661Ȭ276Ȭ3893ȱ 281Ȭ226Ȭ4029ȱ
110 PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS JULY 2007
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