Pricing Inflation and Interest Rates Derivatives with Macroeconomic Foundations
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A Practitioner's Guide to Structuring Listed Equity Derivative Securities
21 A Practitioner’s Guide to Structuring Listed Equity Derivative Securities JOHN C. BRADDOCK, MBA Executive Director–Investments CIBC Oppenheimer A Division of CIBC World Markets Corp., New York BENJAMIN D. KRAUSE, LLB Senior Vice President Capital Markets Division Chicago Board Options Exchange, New York Office INTRODUCTION Since the mid-1980s, “financial engineers” have created a wide array of instru- ments for use by professional investors in their search for higher returns and lower risks. Institutional investors are typically the most voracious consumers of structured derivative financial products, however, retail investors are increasingly availing themselves of such products through public, exchange- listed offerings. Design and engineering lie at the heart of the market for equity derivative securities. Through the use of computerized pricing and val- uation technology and instantaneous worldwide communications, today’s financial engineers are able to create new and varied instruments that address day-to-day client needs. This in turn has encouraged the development of new financial products that have broad investor appeal, many of which qualify for listing and trading on the principal securities markets. Commonly referred to as listed equity derivatives because they are listed on stock exchanges and trade under equity rules, these new financial products fuse disparate invest- ment features into single instruments that enable retail investors to replicate both speculative and risk management strategies employed by investment pro- fessionals. Options on individual common stocks are the forerunners of many of today’s publicly traded equity derivative products. They have been part of the 434 GUIDE TO STRUCTURING LISTED EQUITY DERIVATIVE SECURITIES securities landscape since the early 1970s.1 The notion of equity derivatives as a distinct class of securities, however, did not begin to solidify until the late 1980s. -
Credit Derivatives Handbook
08 February 2007 Fixed Income Research http://www.credit-suisse.com/researchandanalytics Credit Derivatives Handbook Credit Strategy Contributors Ira Jersey +1 212 325 4674 [email protected] Alex Makedon +1 212 538 8340 [email protected] David Lee +1 212 325 6693 [email protected] This is the second edition of our Credit Derivatives Handbook. With the continuous growth of the derivatives market and new participants entering daily, the Handbook has become one of our most requested publications. Our goal is to make this publication as useful and as user friendly as possible, with information to analyze instruments and unique situations arising from market action. Since we first published the Handbook, new innovations have been developed in the credit derivatives market that have gone hand in hand with its exponential growth. New information included in this edition includes CDS Orphaning, Cash Settlement of Single-Name CDS, Variance Swaps, and more. We have broken the information into several convenient sections entitled "Credit Default Swap Products and Evaluation”, “Credit Default Swaptions and Instruments with Optionality”, “Capital Structure Arbitrage”, and “Structure Products: Baskets and Index Tranches.” We hope this publication is useful for those with various levels of experience ranging from novices to long-time practitioners, and we welcome feedback on any topics of interest. FOR IMPORTANT DISCLOSURE INFORMATION relating to analyst certification, the Firm’s rating system, and potential conflicts -
Derivatives: a Twenty-First Century Understanding Timothy E
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Volume 43 Article 3 Issue 1 Fall 2011 2011 Derivatives: A Twenty-First Century Understanding Timothy E. Lynch University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons Recommended Citation Timothy E. Lynch, Derivatives: A Twenty-First Century Understanding, 43 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 1 (2011). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol43/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago Law Journal by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Derivatives: A Twenty-First Century Understanding Timothy E. Lynch* Derivatives are commonly defined as some variationof the following: financial instruments whose value is derivedfrom the performance of a secondary source such as an underlying bond, commodity, or index. This definition is both over-inclusive and under-inclusive. Thus, not surprisingly, even many policy makers, regulators, and legal analysts misunderstand them. It is important for interested parties such as policy makers to understand derivatives because the types and uses of derivatives have exploded in the last few decades and because these financial instruments can provide both social benefits and cause social harms. This Article presents a framework for understanding modern derivatives by identifying the characteristicsthat all derivatives share. All derivatives are contracts between two counterparties in which the payoffs to andfrom each counterparty depend on the outcome of one or more extrinsic, future, uncertain event or metric and in which each counterparty expects (or takes) such outcome to be opposite to that expected (or taken) by the other counterparty. -
Investors Or Traders Perception on Equity Derivatives
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 06, 2020 INVESTORS OR TRADERS PERCEPTION ON EQUITY DERIVATIVES Sreelekha Upputuri1, Dr. M. S. V Prasad2, Mrs. Sandhya Sri3 1Research Scholar GITAM institute of Management, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. 2Professor and Head of the Finance Department, GITAM Institute of Management, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. 3Associate Professor, A.V. N College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Abstract Equity derivatives are a type of derivatives where its values are derived from equities like securities. Equity derivatives are derived from its one or more underlying equity security. The most commonly used equity derivatives in the market are futures and options. Futures can be stated as contracts which are standard in nature and can be transferred between the two parties with a purpose of buying or selling an underlying asset in future at particular time and price. Options can be described as contracts which give the buyer the right to buy or sell underlying asset at a particular price and time. In call option, the right to buy is applicable and in put option, the right to sell is applicable. This paper objective is to measure the perception of the investors towards Equity derivative. The derivative market seems to be new segment in secondary market operations in India. Usually this trade measures are sophisticated, making it difficult for an Indian investor to digest and also to make profits in trading the derivative. This study aims to measure the investors’ perception towards Derivatives market. This research is of descriptive nature, in which, systematic sampling technique is used. -
Global Market Perspective
Vadim Zlotnikov Chief Market Strategist & Co-Head—Multi-Asset Solutions Global Market Perspective An Alternative Framework for Multi-Asset Diversification Diversifying by time horizon and equity beta may allow investors to benefit from high expected returns to contrarian, multi-asset investment opportunities while reducing drawdown risk. How We’re Positioned and Where the Opportunities Are Highlights Fears of slowing economic growth accelerated during September. Long-term n Continued volatility—from declining expectations for inflation and nominal growth collapsed. The decline was most liquidity as well as decelerating pronounced in the US, but also extended to Europe, Japan and Australia. emerging-market growth and tepid earnings growth—should create bigger mispricings. (continued) n These opportunities are necessarily coupled with drawdown risks that can’t be hedged, because illiquidity and Current Positioning unpredictable government response can amplify short-term losses. Position Trend Overweight Underweight/Short Equities – – Japan, EU Canada, US, Australia n Distress and mispricing are often Comments and Recent Activity: Absence of traditional excesses that mark end of cycle; profit margins to sustain. Modest improvements in credit flows improve Europe, Japan outlook. High volatility, valuation drove underweight thematic, but multi-asset diversifica- Sovereign Bonds 0 Flat US, Australia, Canada Japan, Europe tion may reduce common risk Comments: Low real rates; no exposure to Japanese bonds; overweight CAN, US, AUS sovereigns for higher yields exposures. IG Credit 0/+ Flat n HY Credit 0/+ – Contrarian opportunities today Comments: EM more attractive, but selectivity is key; added on improved valuation include energy/commodity equities, Petroleum + Down Long-Dated Futures, emerging-market investment-grade Oil Services Comments: Supply growth decelerates as capex cuts offset gains from technology. -
Inflation Derivatives: Introduction One of the Latest Developments in Derivatives Markets Are Inflation- Linked Derivatives, Or, Simply, Inflation Derivatives
Inflation-indexed Derivatives Inflation derivatives: introduction One of the latest developments in derivatives markets are inflation- linked derivatives, or, simply, inflation derivatives. The first examples were introduced into the market in 2001. They arose out of the desire of investors for real, inflation-linked returns and hedging rather than nominal returns. Although index-linked bonds are available for those wishing to have such returns, as we’ve observed in other asset classes, inflation derivatives can be tailor- made to suit specific requirements. Volume growth has been rapid during 2003, as shown in Figure 9.4 for the European market. 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Jul 01 Jul 02 Jul 03 Jan 02 Jan 03 Sep 01 Sep 02 Mar 02 Mar 03 Nov 01 Nov 02 May 01 May 02 May 03 Figure 9.4 Inflation derivatives volumes, 2001-2003 Source: ICAP The UK market, which features a well-developed index-linked cash market, has seen the largest volume of business in inflation derivatives. They have been used by market-makers to hedge inflation-indexed bonds, as well as by corporates who wish to match future liabilities. For instance, the retail company Boots plc added to its portfolio of inflation-linked bonds when it wished to better match its future liabilities in employees’ salaries, which were assumed to rise with inflation. Hence, it entered into a series of 1 Inflation-indexed Derivatives inflation derivatives with Barclays Capital, in which it received a floating-rate, inflation-linked interest rate and paid nominal fixed- rate interest rate. The swaps ranged in maturity from 18 to 28 years, with a total notional amount of £300 million. -
Research Notes in Economics
No: 2018-03 | April 11, 2018 Research Notes in Economics Estimation of Currency Swap Yield Curve İbrahim Ethem Güney Abdullah Kazdal Doruk Küçüksaraç Abstract Currency swap is a financial derivative that allows parties to transform assets or liabilities denominated in one currency into another one. This product has been widely utilized in global financial markets in order to manage foreign exchange liquidity and to conduct carry trade transactions. Besides, central banks and investors follow currency swap market for the purposes of valuing financial derivatives, estimating counterparty risk and inferring about monetary policy stance. Currency swap transactions have substantial amount of volume in Turkey and they are extensively used by the banks. Given its frequent use, it is crucial to interpret the information related to currency swap rates. However, currency swap rates are quoted as par-rate, which is the coupon rate that makes the value of all cash flows equal to the face value, and their interpretation is not straightforward. This note employs one of the most popular parametric methods, Nelson-Siegel model, for currency swap rates to form a zero-coupon currency swap yield curve. In this regard, we provide an approach to convert the quoted currency swap rates to zero-coupon currency rates. The estimation results show that the fitted and quoted currency swap rates are quite close to each other. Additionally, the zero-coupon swap rates are compared with forward implied rates for specific maturities since both products are quite similar in nature. Both rates are observed to move together, which shows the consistency of our estimations. -
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
www.pwc.com 2015 Derivative instruments and hedging activities www.pwc.com Derivative instruments and hedging activities 2013 Second edition, July 2015 Copyright © 2013-2015 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the United States member firm, and may sometimes refer to the PwC network. Each member firm is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. This publication has been prepared for general information on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice on facts and circumstances specific to any person or entity. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication. The information contained in this material was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for purposes of avoiding penalties or sanctions imposed by any government or other regulatory body. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, its members, employees and agents shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person or entity who relies on this publication. The content of this publication is based on information available as of March 31, 2013. Accordingly, certain aspects of this publication may be superseded as new guidance or interpretations emerge. Financial statement preparers and other users of this publication are therefore cautioned to stay abreast of and carefully evaluate subsequent authoritative and interpretative guidance that is issued. This publication has been updated to reflect new and updated authoritative and interpretative guidance since the 2012 edition. -
EQUITY DERIVATIVES Faqs
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SECURITIES MARKETS SCHOOL FOR SECURITIES EDUCATION EQUITY DERIVATIVES Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Authors: NISM PGDM 2019-21 Batch Students: Abhilash Rathod Akash Sherry Akhilesh Krishnan Devansh Sharma Jyotsna Gupta Malaya Mohapatra Prahlad Arora Rajesh Gouda Rujuta Tamhankar Shreya Iyer Shubham Gurtu Vansh Agarwal Faculty Guide: Ritesh Nandwani, Program Director, PGDM, NISM Table of Contents Sr. Question Topic Page No No. Numbers 1 Introduction to Derivatives 1-16 2 2 Understanding Futures & Forwards 17-42 9 3 Understanding Options 43-66 20 4 Option Properties 66-90 29 5 Options Pricing & Valuation 91-95 39 6 Derivatives Applications 96-125 44 7 Options Trading Strategies 126-271 53 8 Risks involved in Derivatives trading 272-282 86 Trading, Margin requirements & 9 283-329 90 Position Limits in India 10 Clearing & Settlement in India 330-345 105 Annexures : Key Statistics & Trends - 113 1 | P a g e I. INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVES 1. What are Derivatives? Ans. A Derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset. The underlying asset can be equity shares or index, precious metals, commodities, currencies, interest rates etc. A derivative instrument does not have any independent value. Its value is always dependent on the underlying assets. Derivatives can be used either to minimize risk (hedging) or assume risk with the expectation of some positive pay-off or reward (speculation). 2. What are some common types of Derivatives? Ans. The following are some common types of derivatives: a) Forwards b) Futures c) Options d) Swaps 3. What is Forward? A forward is a contractual agreement between two parties to buy/sell an underlying asset at a future date for a particular price that is pre‐decided on the date of contract. -
Introduction Section 4000.1
Introduction Section 4000.1 This section contains product profiles of finan- Each product profile contains a general cial instruments that examiners may encounter description of the product, its basic character- during the course of their review of capital- istics and features, a depiction of the market- markets and trading activities. Knowledge of place, market transparency, and the product’s specific financial instruments is essential for uses. The profiles also discuss pricing conven- examiners’ successful review of these activities. tions, hedging issues, risks, accounting, risk- These product profiles are intended as a general based capital treatments, and legal limitations. reference for examiners; they are not intended to Finally, each profile contains references for be independently comprehensive but are struc- more information. tured to give a basic overview of the instruments. Trading and Capital-Markets Activities Manual February 1998 Page 1 Federal Funds Section 4005.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION commonly used to transfer funds between depository institutions: Federal funds (fed funds) are reserves held in a bank’s Federal Reserve Bank account. If a bank • The selling institution authorizes its district holds more fed funds than is required to cover Federal Reserve Bank to debit its reserve its Regulation D reserve requirement, those account and credit the reserve account of the excess reserves may be lent to another financial buying institution. Fedwire, the Federal institution with an account at a Federal Reserve Reserve’s electronic funds and securities trans- Bank. To the borrowing institution, these funds fer network, is used to complete the transfer are fed funds purchased. To the lending institu- with immediate settlement. -
Analytical Finance Volume I
The Mathematics of Equity Derivatives, Markets, Risk and Valuation ANALYTICAL FINANCE VOLUME I JAN R. M. RÖMAN Analytical Finance: Volume I Jan R. M. Röman Analytical Finance: Volume I The Mathematics of Equity Derivatives, Markets, Risk and Valuation Jan R. M. Röman Västerås, Sweden ISBN 978-3-319-34026-5 ISBN 978-3-319-34027-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-34027-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956452 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © David Tipling Photo Library / Alamy Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To my soulmate, supporter and love – Jing Fang Preface This book is based upon lecture notes, used and developed for the course Analytical Finance I at Mälardalen University in Sweden. -
Liquidity Premiums in Inflation-Indexed Markets
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Driessen, Joost; Nijman, Theo E.; Simon, Zorka Working Paper The missing piece of the puzzle: Liquidity premiums in inflation-indexed markets SAFE Working Paper, No. 183 Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE Suggested Citation: Driessen, Joost; Nijman, Theo E.; Simon, Zorka (2017) : The missing piece of the puzzle: Liquidity premiums in inflation-indexed markets, SAFE Working Paper, No. 183, Goethe University Frankfurt, SAFE - Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe, Frankfurt a. M., http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3042506 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/169388 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3042506 Non-Technical Summary Inflation-indexed products constitute a multitrillion dollar market segment worldwide.