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Model and Measurements of Cern-Sps Slow Extraction Spill Re-Shaping — the Burst Mode Slow Extraction M

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Model and Measurements of Cern-Sps Slow Extraction Spill Re-Shaping — the Burst Mode Slow Extraction M Proceedings of IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia - Pre-Release Snapshot 28-May-2019 22:00 (AEST) - MODEL AND MEASUREMENTS OF CERN-SPS SLOW EXTRACTION SPILL RE-SHAPING — THE BURST MODE SLOW EXTRACTION M. Pari1∗, M. A. Fraser, B. Goddard, V. Kain, L. S. Stoel, F. M. Velotti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1also at Department of Physics G. Galilei and INFN Padova, Padova, Italy Abstract BURST MODE SLOW EXTRACTION The ENUBET (Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon IMPLEMENTATION Tagging) Project aims at reaching a new level of precision The SPS slow extraction is a chromatic based, third inte- of the short-baseline neutrino cross section measurement by ger resonant extraction, as detailed in [4, 5]. The horizontal using an instrumented decay tunnel. The North Area (NA) tune of the machine (QH ) is swept across a third integer res- experimental facility of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron onance, extracting an intensity of about 4 × 1013 protons in (SPS) offers the required infrastructure for the experiment. 4:8 s. In order to pulse the extracted intensity, the basic idea A new slow extraction type, consisting of bursts of many is to reshape the demanded tune function. By defining T as consecutive millisecond spills within one macro spill, has the burst repetition period, the tune for nominal slow extrac- been modeled and tested for the ENUBET Project. The nom tion in the n-th burst period can be written as QH ¹t + nTº burst-mode slow extraction has been tested for the first time for t 2 »0;T¼. The tune for burst mode slow extraction in the at CERN-SPS, and MADX simulations of the process have n-th burst period is obtained with the following reshaping: been developed. In this paper the experimental results ob- ( tained during the test campaign are presented along with the Qnom T t + nT t 2 »0; λ¼ nom¹ º −! H λ results of the quality of the produced spill and comparing it QH t + nT (1) f ¹t + nTº t 2 »λ;T¼ with predictions from simulations. where we define λ as the length of a single burst. Since the INTRODUCTION tune has to be a stricly increasing function for a continuous extaction, Eq (1) shows that particles are extracted only The ENUBET (Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon for t 2 »0; λ¼, every period n. For t 2 »λ;T¼ the function Tagging) Project proposes to tackle the open problems in f ¹t+nTº breaks the strict monotonicity, being equal or lower neutrino physics by developing a “monitored neutrino beam”, than the last tune value Qnom ¹n + 1º T. where the initial conditions on the neutrino flux could be H measured at the 1% level [1–3]. In a monitored neutrino 2019). Any distributionbeam of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the the work, publisher, and DOI secondary hadron decay tunnel is instrumented New proposed tune functions © Original Tune with detector technology. In such a way the neutrino flux Extraction 26.576 Original Tune - Reco No extraction can be predicted by detecting the decay products of neutrino Burst SE - Manual 26.575 Burst SE - Optimized production vertices. Pile-up levels in the instrumented de- Burst SE - Parabolic cay tunnel pose hard constraints on the maximum hadron 26.574 Burst SE - Parabolic2 flux that can be produced, making the slow resonant ex- 26.573 QH traction the best option to deliver primary protons. For 26.572 this reason, the development and optimization of compati- 26.571 ble slow-extraction schemes is ongoing at the CERN-SPS, 26.570 which would fulfill the ENUBET requirements in terms of 26.569 spill structure and proton energy. A novel proposed extrac- 6200 6250 6300 6350 6400 6450 tion scheme [2] consists of the slow-extraction of several time [ms] 2-10 ms pulses, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. This partic- ular extraction scheme, called burst-mode slow-extraction, Figure 1: Proposed tune functions for burst-mode slow- would open the possibility of employing pulsed strong fo- extraction operation during a machine development at cusing devices, such as magnetic horns, for the focusing of CERN-SPS. the secondary hadrons. As shown in [3], this would increase the secondary flux by about an order of magnitude with re- Figure 1 shows the possible burst extraction tune func- spect to the nominal case. Moreover, the combination of a tions produced for machine operation, superimposed to the burst-extracted spill with a static focusing system could also nominal extraction tune (orange line and blue crosses), as be an option, with possible advantages in the hadron flux described in Eq. (1). All the burst extraction tune func- ¹ º monitoring along the beamline and cosmic background at tions shown in Fig. 1 are only differing in the function f t the neutrino detector. of Eq. (1). During operation, we observed that particular shapes of f ¹tº can significantly worsen the extracted spill ∗ [email protected] due to the non-ideal response of the main power converters. Content from thisWEPMP035 work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 3.0 licence ( MC4: Hadron Accelerators 0 T12 Beam Injection/Extraction and Transport Proceedings of IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia - Pre-Release Snapshot 28-May-2019 22:00 (AEST) - would increase. An iterative algorithm to be used in opera- 1012 Extracted spill × tion would be the ideal solution for an automatic convergence 4 to the desired value of burst length. In particular, this so- lution has been implemented by upgrading the Autospill 3 feed-forward algorithm [8] for burst extraction operation. /s] + The algorithm compares a measure of the extracted spill to Nominal slow extraction 2 Burst-mode slow-extraction a reference spill and acts on the tune function to minimize the difference. The net effect is a reduction of the demanded Intensity [p burst length λi at every i-th iteration, until λ ' λ0 . In 1 IN eff IN 0 a first test, with λIN = 10 ms, the algorithm successfully optimized the effective burst length from a value of 19 ms 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 to λeff = 10:6 ± 0:1 ms. Such an optimization, reported in Time [s] Fig. 3, took only three iterations, proving the potential of Figure 2: Secondary emission monitor measurement of the the concept. spill during a burst-mode slow-extraction machine develop- ment. 1012 Burst time structure optimization × Initial condition 1.0 Autospill 3rd iteration In 2018, the burst mode slow extraction was tested at the 10 ms square pulse SPS: Fig. 2 shows the result of the first attempt. Also, it 0.8 /s] is possible to observe the difference between the nominal + flat spill and the bursted spill. In particular, the number of 0.6 extracted protons in a burst period is the same as in the flat Intensity [p 0.4 spill case, leading to about a factor T/λ in the peak intensity between the two schemes. The approach of acting on the ma- 0.2 chine tune has proven to be particularly efficient and stable 0.0 from an operational point of view. Thanks to the LSA frame- 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 work [6] the tune function needed for the burst extraction can Time [ms] be loaded in one single operation. This opens the possibility Figure 3: Successful application of the Autospill feed- to switch between normal and burst extraction cycle to cycle. forward optimization during burst extraction operation, with Moreover, the peak intensity of the bursts can be adjusted 0 λIN = 10 ms. A 10 ms-long square pulse centered on the within the maximum value defined by ENUBET in [2], by bursts (dashed black line) helps to visualize the optimiza- acting on the total circulating intensity and T/λ. No signif- tion between the initial condition (green line) and the final 2019). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the work, publisher, and DOI icant impact on extraction losses or remaining circulating Autospill result (blue line). © intensity dumped at the end of the cycle was observed. An important characteristic of the burst-mode slow-extraction MODELING AND SIMULATION is the burst length λ. Possible ENUBET operation at 2 and 10 ms of burst length has been described in [2]. The param- A model of the burst-mode slow-extraction has been im- eter that has been chosen to characterize the burst length is plemented in MADX [9]. The function f ¹tº of Eq. (1) has based on the effective spill length [7], and defined as: been replaced by a linear symmetric “V”-shaped model, char- acterized by the only parameter min¹ f ¹t + nT))/ f ¹λ + nTº, 2 / with t 2 »λ;T¼. This parameter is referred to as fractional ¯ T 2 ¹ º −T/2 s t + nT + t0 dt come-back depth and the notation refers to Eq (1). n λeff = / (2) The average effective burst length has then been computed ¯ T 2 2¹ º −T/2 s t + nT + t0 dt at a fixed λIN = 10 ms for realistic values of fractional come- back depth. The result is shown in Fig. 4, together with the n where λeff is the effective burst length of the n-th burst inside best obtained experimental value. It is important to notice the extracted spill, s¹tº is the spill (i.e. extracted intensity that, even in simulations, λeff is larger than λIN. This proves as function of time) and t0 is the center of the first burst that the higher burst length saw experimentally does not en- in the spill.
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