National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Armstrong Flight Research Center NASA Armstrong Vision
Human Landing System
To Separate the Real from the Imagined Through Flight
F-8 Digital Fly-By-Wire Space Shuttle ALT Lunar Landing Research Vehicle
X-43 M2-F1
Helios X-29 Forward Swept Wing X-15
2 Armstrong’s Unique Role in NASA
Human Landing System
• Conduct NASA’s high-risk, atmospheric flight research and test projects – Workforce skills, technical infrastructure, and processes/procedures built on 70+ years of experience X-15 F-8 X-29 – Proven and trusted, risk-based, airworthiness and flight safety system • Operate platform aircraft to obtain world-class Earth Science and Astrophysics data F-18 X-43A X-57 • Apply skills and capabilities to innovative solutions for other NASA and national aerospace endeavors
SOFIA
3 What Does Armstrong Really Do?
Human Landing System
• Armstrong has facilities and requisite expertise to conceive, design, analyze, fabricate, integrate, maintain, and conduct disciplinary research, flight research, and flight test on modified or unique research vehicles and systems • Armstrong’s strength is in integration of developmental systems – integration of systems into a vehicle (fundamental aero type work) or of vehicles into a system (unmanned aircraft system [UAS] in the National Airspace System [NAS]) – Combination of engineering, operations, and safety skills inherent in workforce and flexible/lean processes to manage risk down to the right (acceptable) level • While majority of work is aircraft-based, skills applied to non-aircraft work (vehicle integrated propulsion research, ground test, Orion Pad Abort [PA]-1 integration, X-43, lifting bodies, Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, etc.) • Technical staff is experienced with various aircraft types, flight regimes, systems – not restricted to a certain class of aircraft – Same people to work subsonic, supersonic, hypersonic systems
4 Capabilities and Core Competencies
Human Landing System
Engineering Research Atmospheric Flight Research • Airframe/power-plant maintenance, avionic technicians, • Partnership, program/project development experimental modification/fabrication, flight systems • Mission, research, flight test objectives development qualification, experimental test pilots, test operations planning • Airworthiness certification, ground/flight/range safety • Systems engineering and integration (SE&I), aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, flight controls, subsystems, • Technology, systems development/integration/test instrumentation • Mission control, range operations
Facility Capability Range and Test Facilities • Experimental and testbed aircraft • Dryden Aeronautical Test Range (DATR) • Unmanned air systems • Research Aircraft Integration Facility (RAIF) • Earth science and infrared astronomy platforms • Flight Loads Laboratory (FLL)
• Real-time engineering simulation • Building 703 SOFIA/Airborne Science Operations 5 Facility Capability
Human Landing System
Support Aircraft and Maintenance Dryden Aeronautical Test Range Capabilities Organization (SAMO) Safely monitor and control aeronautics research and science Support aeronautics research and science missions; provide flight activities; provide real-time acquisition and reduction of versatile aircraft to meet requirements for pilot proficiency, flight research telemetry and radar data, video tracking, and safety chase, photography, video, and research flights in effective voice communications to flight and ground crews dual-capacity roles (includes ISS/Soyuz VHF support)
Simulation Laboratory Flight Loads Laboratory (FLL) Test simulation-supported software and hardware to develop, Provide structural testing – mechanical, thermal, structural integrate, and validate highly complex aeronautics research dynamic, mass properties – of large-scale structures to and low Earth orbit vehicles simulate subsonic through hypersonic flight conditions
6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Ames Research Center Ames Research Center Human Landing System Capabilities
Human Landing System
• Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) for HLS Development, Testing, Certification, and Training Flight simulator with large-amplitude, independent six degree-of-freedom motion capability that is uniquely suited to realistically recreating the flight dynamics of HLS (https://www.aviationsystemsdivision.arc.nasa.gov/facilities/vms/index.shtml) The VMS is a safe and cost-effective environment for: HLS Development • Rapid implementation and evaluation of candidate HLS designs • Flight control, guidance, displays, and procedure development for HLS manual control per requirements for Crewed Space Systems (NASA HEOMD-003) • Design and evaluation of potential in-flight crew training vehicles HLS Testing and Certification • Develop certification packages for human-in-the-loop usability as required by NASA HEOMD-003 • May be offered as GFE to industry partners for operational testing, evaluation, and certification HLS Training and On-going Development • The VMS is the most operationally realistic ground-based crew training platform available today • Allows rapid exposure and training capability for a wide range of nominal and off-nominal situations • May be used for continuous HLS development and crew training as in the Space Shuttle program
8 Ames Research Center Human Landing System Capabilities
Human Landing System
• Autonomy – Software Verification and Validation • Automated V&V for software to ensure quality and safety without lengthy test campaigns. Accelerating timeline and reducing oversight may lead to software being done in a rush and with less quality oversight. Automated V&V can help increase quality while respecting accelerated timeline – Caution and Warning • Caution and warning and fault response during crewed missions, and to improve flight controller situational awareness and responsiveness during dormant periods. – Automation of Operations • Autonomous operations to reduce flight controller and crew workload during crewed missions, and to reduce flight controller workload during dormant periods – Playbook (planning and scheduling for human and robotic activities) • Systems currently used to plan/schedule all crew activity on ISS as well as Mars Science Laboratory and Mars 2020 rover activity. Also used for first crew self-scheduling study on ISS in 2017-18.
Intelligent Systems Division
9 Ames Research Center Human Landing System Capabilities
Human Landing System
• Human Factors – Human Systems Integration Architecture • For increasingly Earth-independent contingency management – Vibration assessment impact on human visuo-motor performance • 3-axis of motion vibration chair mounted on human-rated centrifuge – Wearable bio-sensors • Wireless assessment of full-range of psychophysiological metrics – Formal training and teaming (crew resource management) • Just-in-time-training methods/technologies and crew resource management • Integrated Mission Information Systems (also known as Cross Program Data Systems) – Low-cost, highly adaptable/expandable integrated information systems architecture for managing engineering and safety data across the mission life-cycle
Human Systems Integration Division
10 Ames Research Center Human Landing System Capabilities
Human Landing System
• Engineering Risk Assessment (ERA)
ERA extends traditional probabilistic risk assessment techniques through the explicit inclusion of physics-of-failure and dynamic system modeling. The result is a set of rapid turn around tools/models which provide quantitative, risk metrics for uses such as: – Ensuring crew safety though awareness of risk implications of Risk-informed decision making for investment choices ERA Tools are – design decisions throughout the project lifecycle currently used – Risk-informed decision making for investment choices throughout the life cycle of NASA – Requirement scoping, validation, and verification spaceflight projects.
Engineering Risk Assessment
11 Ames Research Center Human Landing System Capabilities
Human Landing System
• Advanced Material Development & Arc Jet Testing for HLS: – The Ames Entry Systems & Technology Division is a leader in high temperature materials engineering. – Thermal Protection Materials Branch design & analysis capabilities: • High temperature ceramic materials development and characterization, e.g. nozzle throats • Advanced conformal, high-strength composites for thermal protection • In-situ instrumentation of complex composites for accurate health monitoring (thermal, aerodynamic, etc.) – Thermophysics Facilities Branch test capabilities: • Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) 60MW arc jet for high heat flux, long duration (> 1hr) testing of large models • Panel Test Facility (PTF) provides test capability for acreage heating on panels up to 16”x16” and angles of -5°to 8°
12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Goddard Space Flight Center Engineering & Technology: GSFC IS REVOLUTIONIZING TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTS
FOR LUNAR AND DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION. Human Landing System • Avionics and Software development underway for the Human Landing System (HLS), leveraging Core Flight Software (cFS) and modular avionics architecture. • Core Flight Software: An open source, human-rated reusable flight software architecture and system, including numerous flight software applications. Being used on many missions within and outside of NASA, including Gateway. • Advanced LIDAR for precision landing and rendezvous and docking • Time-Triggered Ethernet / Time-Triggered Protocol expertise for modular redundant spacecraft avionics. • Lunar IceCube: Leading (a) development of the compact high-resolution spectrometer, (b) flight dynamics, (c) attitude control analysis and (d) flight software for a CubeSat that will search for volatiles and study volatile migration on the Moon. • Human System Integration, Human Factors, and Habitation Architecture expertise for effective design and operations • Mission Design Lab, Instrument Design Lab, Architecture Design Lab for rapid design and advanced concept development, including model-based systems engineering an • Low-Latency Teleoperations for science and engineering activities. • Satellite Servicing: o Satellite servicing missions develop and demonstrate technology for in-orbit servicing, manufacturing and assembly through the use of robotic support tools, extravehicular activity (EVA) tools and logistics that enables servicing and allows for in-space enhancements needed for further space exploration. o Propulsion and Propellant Transfer expertise builds upon Robotic Refueling Mission experiments on ISS and Restore-L. • GSFC is evaluating the effects of lunar exploration zones and lunar geologic materials for lightweight space suit design. 14 Communications: GSFC PROVIDES THE CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS, TRACKING AND DATA
SUPPORT FOR AGENCY AND COMMERCIAL MISSIONS. Human Landing System
• Integrated Optical and Radio Frequency (RF) communications and navigation network: GSFC is developing the flight and ground systems that will field laser-based optical network capabilities employed on Orion Exploration Mission (EM)-2, Orion EM-3, the International Space Station (ISS) and the Gateway. o Leverages accomplishments already demonstrated at lunar distances by Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD), and will be augmented by the results obtained from the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) mission to be launched late-fiscal year (FY) 2020. o Enables both ad hoc and infrastructure communications architectures established in cis-lunar space to enable lunar surface operations, space-traffic control (analogous to Federal Aviation Administration’s Air Traffic Control) and high-bandwidth trunk-line capabilities, all engineered in a manner that extends a reliable presence at the Moon. Several trade studies are under consideration include but are not limited to: – A copy of a TDRSS spacecraft to expedite lunar availability of an RF environment capable of supporting a commercial-standards based communications environment. – A copy of the optical communications network spacecraft for an enhanced presence in cis-lunar space intended to support the space-based situational awareness, high-bandwidth trucking functions and telepresence. o GSFC has the workforce (available August 2019), test facilities (in excess of $25M already invested by Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)) and critical external relationships (with JPL, MIT/Lincoln Labs and OGAs) to collaboratively define and implement a phased- architecture that will meet the aggressive schedule for 2022 and 2024. • GSFC has an extensive pedigree and collaborative relationships in optical communication terminals ready to be leveraged by the agency, providing both acquisition speed and high-technology readiness level (TRL) functionality and procurement efficiency. o From the Moon: In 2014, LLCD demonstrated 622 Mbps return rate, 20 Mbps uplink rate. o From Geosynchronous Orbit: in late-FY20 LCRD is specified to demonstrate 1.25 Gbps return rate, 50 Mbps uplink rate. o From the ISS: in early-FY22 the Integrated LCRD Low-Earth Orbit User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T) system will be delivered to the ISS and return station science data at rates up to 1.25 Gbps, and accept user data at up to 1.25 Gbps. o For Orion EM-2 and EM-3: GSFC will deliver optical communications systems that will provide high-bandwidth forward and return data rates for the orbital regimes currently under consideration for these missions. o For the Gateway: GSFC will deliver a 10cm optical system for integration on to the Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) for immediate use and is working with Johnson Space Center (JSC) to install the necessary scarring for a higher rate 20cm terminal on a later mission. These two links will ensure minimal contention between flight and science operations increasing the ROI and enhancing science community advocacy.
15 Navigation, Search & Rescue: GSFC NAVIGATION EXPERTS ARE EXPANDING THE BOUNDS OF GPS TO
CIS-LUNAR AND DEEP SPACE AND DEVELOPING FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES TO SAVE LIVES ON EARTH AND IN SPACE. Human Landing System
NAVIGATION • High altitude global positioning system (GPS) for Gateway and lunar landers: Leverage experience from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, which utilizes the existing GPS constellation to provide navigation around the Moon. • NASA is exploring the upper limits of GPS and other global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals to enable autonomous navigation between Earth and the Moon: Agency simulations indicate GNSS signals could be used for reliable navigation in lunar orbit. Engineers are considering using GNSS in the navigation architecture for the Gateway. • Relative Guidance, Navigation & Control enables autonomous rendezvous and proximity operations. • X-Ray Pulsar Navigation & Timing: Leverage the experience from the ISS Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT), as part of the Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). Enables independent, autonomous, absolute positioning, and independent time observations, anywhere in the solar system. Enables independent autonomous navigation and timing for crewed missions beyond Earth orbit and into deep space.
SEARCH & RESCUE • Demonstrated Search and Rescue (SAR) expertise and capabilities for Soyuz mission: These capabilities are being developed for Orion, and will be adopted by Commercial Crew providers to protect astronauts during recovery and aborts. • The Advanced Next Generation Emergency Locator (ANGEL) project miniaturized new, second-generation distress beacon technology for use in human spaceflight: These new beacons were delivered to the Orion program to attach to the astronaut’s life preserver unit, leveraging the latest beacon technology to assist in post-landing crew location and rescue by reducing the search area, thus increasing accuracy and expedites saves. • GSFC will leverage existing SAR-specific aspects into the agency’s cis-lunar communications and navigation architecture to inform flight operations teams with the emergency information necessary to protect astronauts.
16 Science: GSFC SCIENTISTS TRANSFORM BRILLIANT IDEAS INTO UNIQUE AND VIABLE SCIENCE
OBJECTIVES THAT ENABLE SPACE EXPLORATION. Human Landing System
• GSFC’s expertise in planetary and Earth science will play a critical role as NASA prepares to land humans on the Moon: LRO’s high-resolution, topographical maps of the Moon will help determine a safe landing location, while Earth scientists’ environmental expertise will give astronauts the knowledge they need about water, the atmosphere and geology at their destinations. • Space weather and astronaut health: Understanding and predicting space weather will be of critical importance in the lunar environment. Underlying theory permitting improved forecasting, risks and CCMC-based modeling of events. • Mineral mapping of the Moon including remote sensing and geologically recording landing sites: The LRO mission is already in operation, providing significant data about the lunar landscape. • Astronauts participate in field campaigns to get a first-hand experience in geoscience and train astronauts: GSFC shows how science is conducted in the field, building and testing hypotheses in an analog environment. This involves geology and sample identification and collection. • Remote sensing database for lunar science including imaging, geology and energy resources. • Science instruments for a manned lunar lander, including multi-wavelength image sensors, multi-wavelength spectrometers and magnetometers. • Space situational awareness to ensure effective and safe operations • Science Systems Engineering, integrating science and systems development, including for low-latency teleoperations, contamination control, and environmental impacts
17 Facilities: GSFC HAS A LARGE AND COMPLEX NETWORK OF FACILITIES THAT ENABLE SCIENCE,
ENGINEERING AND EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES. Human Landing System
• Communications and Network Center: Provides facilities and communications infrastructure for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission Operations Center (MOC), Network Integration Center, NASA Communications (NASCOM) and Search and Rescue (SAR). • Space Science Mission Operations (SSMO) Ka-band Ground Station Facility dedicated to lunar missions adding downlink capability for LRO observations of key landing sites and ongoing reconnaissance activities by LRO. • Robotics and Exploration Services Building: State-of-the-art technologies and innovative strategies to reduce operating costs through sustainable building and net zero energy infrastructure. Establish a new MOC and RoboMOC for the RESTORE-L Program. Unifying satellite servicing activities and resources increases ops efficiencies. • Instrument Development Facility Detector Development Lab Engineering Renewal: A new facility to meet mission needs, technologies and capabilities for Detector Development; a highly advanced semiconductor fabrication activity that enables and furthers development in the MEMS and nanotechnology realms. • Sciences and Exploration Laboratory: Sample laboratories to conduct rapid sample analyses, validating the scientific utility of human landings. • Space Weather Forecasting Computational Infrastructure: Sustained Moon and Mars missions will require uninterrupted space weather situational awareness and high-availability computational resources to support forecasting activities. • Clean Room & Engineering Technology Capabilities Enhancement/Sustainment: GSFC has one of the largest cleanrooms in the world. The Integration and Testing complex at GSFC provides end-to-end engineering capabilities used for the formulation, design, development, fabrication, integration, testing, verification and operations of scientific instruments, space flight and ground systems. • Flight Dynamics Facility: Back-up support for Cape Canaveral Air Force Base, Vandenberg Air Force Base and JSC. • Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Center: The Agency’s IV&V Program provides a systems and software engineering function that improves the safety and reliability of NASA’s mission critical software while reducing the risk and cost of development by providing services such as model-based mission assurance services, network vulnerability assessments, project security plan assessments, software security controls analyses, certified cloud security assessment services, secure coding expertise, assessment or surveillance of IV&V plans and execution. • Wallops Flight Facility (WFF): The agency’s only NASA-owned test and launch range, which can be leveraged to provide safe, rapid and cost-effective access to space for exploration technology demonstration and maturation of precursor science and mission-related technologies. o Suborbital Research Program (SRP) components, including the Max Launch Abort System (MLAS), sounding rockets, balloons, aircraft and small satellites, along with its test and launch range, to provide a capability to conduct science and technology payload system development and validation. o The ground station assets at WFF and Bermuda will be used to support human exploration launch operations and development of space operations systems. o Weibel X-band radar system is very effective at tracking multiple objects during launch operations and are deployable on ships and land and were used for the Shuttle SRB recovery and as part of the overall debris radar system implemented for Shuttle return to flight. o WFF is a leader in government development of Automated Flight Safety Systems (AFSS) which can be used on both government and commercial launch vehicles and is a key enabler for all future launch systems, allowing greater range of trajectories and rate of launch activities while reducing range infrastructure costs. o Leverage experience with the launch of Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) and the existing commercial launch infrastructure at WFF to provide a capability to launch payloads directly to the Moon by leveraging (a) Commercial Space Option from Pad 0A using medium-class Antares launch vehicle to deliver up to 1500 kgs to Cis-Lunar orbit, (b) utilizing WFF launch pads and down range tracking assets (Bermuda and North Carolina) to enable responsive launch of small-medium sized science and communications payloads directly to the Moon, and (c) UHF RADAR site and/or SPANDAR could be leveraged to support Lunar Science – e.g. surface and sub-surface mapping 18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center 2024 and Beyond: Glenn Lunar Technology
Integrated Electric Power Production Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) and Distribution – Extend and enhance the capabilities – Kilopower (1-3kW) fission power of new exploration and science demonstration missions In-Situ Resource Utilization: “Living off – Energy storage and conversion the Land” (batteries, fuel cells, solar) – Oxygen from Lunar regolith – Advanced modular power management and distribution – Water from permanently shadowed systems craters Cryogenic Fluids Storage and Surface technologies: Landers, Transfer Rovers, and Habitats
– Acquisition and transfer of fluids – Development of innovative wheels for under reduced gravity rovers – Reduced boil-off and thermal – Materials development supporting management new lander propulsion systems – Propellant liquefaction for lander Advanced Communications Systems cryogenic propulsion systems and Architectures
https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/facilities/ 20 Plum Brook Station: Space Environmental Test Capability
Largest space simulation vacuum chamber
Delivering Highest capacity Upper-stage one-of-a-kind Mechanical Vibration In-Space environmental testing Facility (MVF) Propulsion capability at one Facility (ISP) location
Space Environments Complex Most Powerful The World’s Largest Reverberant Space Environmental Acoustic Test Simulation Chamber Facility (RATF)
https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/facilities/spf/ https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/facilities/isp/ 3 Glenn Research Center – Space Propulsion and Cryogenic Fluids
Management Human Landing System ♦ NASA Glenn provides innovations in propellant management and chemical, electric and nuclear propulsion technology that are a critical part of the Agency’s mission to take astronauts into deep space. NASA Glenn provides the expertise needed for research, conceptual design, analysis, technology development, ground testing, and flight system development for space propulsion applications. ♦ Core expertise includes: propellants, chemical propulsion, electric propulsion; nuclear thermal propulsion, cryogenic fluids handling, characterization, storage, delivery, demonstration and flight packages; and development of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies.
• Expertise in liquid and gaseous cryogenic - including LOX/LCH4, LOX/LH2, LOX/RP-1, NTO/MMH - and green propellant engines • NASA’s lead for electric propulsion and power, NASA Glenn leads the development of electric propulsion from early-phase research through flight systems development and technology transfer to enable commercialization. • Expertise in the design, development and testing of cryogenic components, sub-systems and their integration into aerospace systems; experience in the area of densified and gelled cryogenic propellants. • Leads in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for the Agency to enable future prospecting and use of natural resources found in space, specifically technology development of acquisition and use of natural resources found in space, specifically technology development of acquisition and processing for both regolith-based and atmosphere-based systems https://www.nasa.gov/content/glenn-expertise-space-propulsion-and-cryogenic-fluids-management 22 Glenn Research Center - Power Systems
Human Landing System
♦ NASA Glenn is ushering in the next generation of technologies for power generation, energy conversion and storage by studying and developing solar power generation, batteries, fuel cells, and power management and distribution. NASA Glenn engineers have extensive expertise in the integration of each of the respective technologies into end-to-end systems, and have the facilities required for the testing, verification, and validation of those end-to-end systems • Core expertise includes solar power generation, batteries, fuel cells, regenerative fuel cells, thermal energy conversion and heat rejection, radioisotopes, fission, power electronics and power management and distribution. • Extensive capabilities in power system analysis and modeling • Development of power generation capabilities include the development of solar cells, solar arrays, primary fuel cells, radioisotope power systems, fission power systems, and associated thermal systems. • Development of energy storage capabilities consist of research and development for batteries and regenerative fuel cells. • Development of electric power distribution capabilities include the regulation of power generation and storage systems; the delivering of both low- and high-voltage generated power to users; the providing of conditioned power to a wide variety of loads; and the automatic controls to facilitate the management of power systems. https://www.nasa.gov/content/glenn-expertise-power-energy-storage-and-conversion
23 Glenn Research Center – Communications & Materials and Structures for Extreme Environments Human Landing System ♦ NASA Glenn Communication and Intelligent Systems enables orders-of magnitude increases in mission data transfer and provides continuous, cost-effective, and secure high data-rate communications • Directs and conducts research and engineering development in fields of advanced communications and intelligent systems technologies for applications in current and future aeronautics and space systems. • Core expertise includes advanced antennas, integrated radiofrequency and optical terminals, software-defined radios, cognitive radios, high-power amplifiers and networking for high-data-rate communications. • Exploitation of new radiofrequency spectrum and maximizing data throughput on existing spectrum allocations are continuous endeavors. • Development of intelligent controls, smart micro-and nano-sensors, and harsh environment electronics. – https://www.nasa.gov/content/glenn-expertise-communications-technology-and-development
♦ NASA Glenn Materials and Structures Technologies improve aircraft engines, space propulsion systems and planetary surface operations while contributing to break-through technologies for practical Earth applications • Includes the research, development, demonstration, and flight application of advanced materials, structural concepts, and mechanisms to enable high-performance, long-life aerospace systems subjected to the extreme environments encountered in propulsion and power, planetary entry, planetary surface operations, and the space environment. • Development of materials for extreme environments include a combination of high temperatures, complex gaseous atmospheres ranging from oxidizing to reducing, high pressures, large dynamic and impact loads, molten materials, cryogenic temperatures, electromagnetic fields, and space radiation. https://www.nasa.gov/content/glenn-expertise-materials-and-structures-for-extreme-environments 24 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) JPL Mission Design And Navigation
Human Landing System • JPL provides End-to-End Capability for Deep- • Key Mission Analysis & Operations Expertise Space Mission Design and Navigation for – Launch and Initial Acquisition NASA and International Partners – Flyby, Encounter, & Orbit Insertion – > 50 years of experience in developing and – Entry-Descent-Landing (EDL) operating deep-space / lunar missions GRAIL Lunar Gravity Mission – Earth Return/Re-entry – State-of-the-art software for in-depth mission design and precision navigation – Formation Flying – Low Thrust & Low Energy Trajectories – Autonomous Navigation • Cutting-Edge Capabilities – Dynamic modeling for complex systems Mars EDL – Processing conventional tracking data and spacecraft sensor data – Innovative Mission Design and Trajectory Analysis Earth Return – High-fidelity orbit determination and flight path control
26 JPL Entry Descent and Landing (EDL) / Deorbit Descent and Landing
(DDL) Systems Capabilities Human Landing System
• The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a leader in EDL/DDL systems engineering practices and processes, which is a major factor in JPL’s unmatched record of successful planetary landings • Specific JPL capabilities available include: – Systems Engineering Leadership: Experienced in applying a phase-based systems engineering approach to EDL/DDL, covering all aspects of developing, implementing and executing planetary landing systems – Verification & Validation: Development and implementation of comprehensive EDL/DDL V&V plans comprised of component tests, spacecraft system tests, analyses, and system validation through high fidelity simulation – Risk Management: Identification, assessment and strategic mitigation planning of EDL/DDL system implementation and mission risks – Landing Safety & Landing Site Assessment: In collaboration with planetary scientists, assessment of landing safety/landing success probability through development of landing hazard maps, terrain models, and landing dynamics modeling – Landing Operations Practices and Processes: Combining approach navigation and environmental monitoring into processes for optimal EDL/DDL operations decision-making
27 JPL TRN and HD&A Capabilities Human Landing System Terrain Relative Navigation Hazard Detection & Avoidance
TRN is a mission critical function developed for Mars 2020 that enables landing in challenging terrain. Hazard Detection (HD) is a mission enabling function to bridge the gap • Currently TRL 8; integrated and tested on spacecraft between orbit image resolution and lander hazard capability. JPL HD • Flight use during landing in February 2021 capabilities: Enabled by multiple advancements over state of the art • EDL/DDL ConOps design for HD, Sensor and HD algorithm specification, • High performance computing for image processing terrain analysis • Fast and high resolution camera • Real-time software for DEM generation and Hazard Detection • Map relative state estimation software • High fidelity sensor simulation Validated with extensive field testing, high fidelity simulation and HWIL • End-to-end field testing over relevant terrain and S/C dynamics testbed with real-time rendering • Experience: ALHAT/Morpheus, SPLICE, Europa Lander 28 JPL provides Environmental Monitoring technology for
Human Space Exploration Human Landing System Atmosphere Monitoring Electronic Nose (ENose) – chemical sensor to detect, identify, and quantify leaks and spills of selected volatile organic compounds Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) – ISS Express rack sized GCMS to measure major atmospheric constituents, and identify and quantify the presence of trace amounts of known and unexpected chemical Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (S.A.M.) – miniature GCMS; ISS tech demo ENose Laser Air Monitor (LAM) – miniature , low power laser spectrometer to continuously monitor major VCAM atmospheric constituents for Orion
Portable Life Support System (PLSS) CO2 Sensor - miniature laser spectrometer to accurately measure CO2 and water vapor in the oxygen line; impervious to liquid water Fire Monitoring Combustion Product Monitor (CPM) - Miniature, low power laser spectrometer to continuously S.A.M. CPM detect and measure fire gases (HCl, HF, HCN, CO, CO2, O2); Safire tech demo Water Monitoring Organic Water Monitor (OWM) – measure organic content of potable water; ISS tech demo partnered with JSC mini Total Organic Caron Analyzer (miniTOCA) – miniaturize the current ISS TOCA; ISS tech demo PLSS CO2 Sensor partnered with JSC Spacecraft Water Impurity Monitor (SWIM) – front end to S.A.M. to volatilize water and measure with a high precision mini GCMS Microbial Monitoring and Mitigation Comprehensive vehicle microbial surveys & assessments LAM ISS Water Sample Concentrator Water Sample concentrator; ISS tech demo with industry partner Biofilm mitigations technology development 29 JPL Team X Human Landing System
Team X is a concurrent engineering team for rapid design and analysis of novel space mission concepts
• Backed by refined and validated, institutionally supported, integrated tools, models, and processes
• Staffed and backed by doing organizations
• Well-suited for all aspects of early Phase mission, flight system, and instrument design activities
• Emulated by many institutions
• 1000+ designs performed for NASA and non- NASA customers
30 DSN Unique Capabilities to Support HLS
Human Landing System
• The Deep Space Network (DSN) is uniquely suited to support HLS elements at lunar (and further) distances with Direct-to-Earth (DTE) communications – Three sites around the world provide near 24x7 coverage – Each site has antennas designed for the weak-signal environment
• S-, X-, and Ka-band uplink/downlink, with funded optical comm expansion Goldstone, California • Higher data rates are enabled by 3-4 large (34m diameter) antennas and a even larger 70m antenna at each site • Antennas have high-power transmitters, enabling high uplink rates • Antennas have cryogenic front-ends to detect very weak signals – Each site have high-stability timing and frequency references Madrid, Spain • Required to support precision navigation outside GPS range – Each site has high operational availability, e.g. multi-MW power backup • The DSN has cross-compatibility arrangements with other agencies – E.g. ESA’s three 35m antennas can be added to support HLS elements • The DSN has Multi-Spacecraft-Per-Antenna (MSPA) capability Canberra, Australia – One antenna can support multiple HLS elements simultaneously as long as
they are close to each other (in the same antenna beam) 31 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Center Capabilities: NASA Johnson Space Center and White Sands Test Facility JSC Comprehensive Capabilities for Human Spaceflight
Experienced in mission-level multi-program systems engineering and integration of human and vehicle systems. Capabilities span mission architecture, vehicle systems and design, simulation and testing, enabling human capabilities, and mission operations and training to integrate unique solutions for human spaceflight.
Mission Architecture Systems Engineering and Integration • End-to-end mission performance assessments • Strong, effective vehicle-level and systems SE&I • Beyond LEO Architecture Parametric Sizing Tool • Uniquely qualified to tailor standards/processes to achieve • Lunar transfer analysis and trajectory development appropriate rigor in prototypes, development hardware or • Trajectory Optimization spaceflight applications • Mission planning expertise • Standards application and requirements development • Mission modeling • DDT&E at spacecraft, system and component level • Vehicle sizing • Certification & human rating • Demonstrated experience delivering of flight items leveraging specific domain capabilities for customers • Large scale, fully tested, verified and qualified systems • Spaceflight certified components • Inline analysis and simulation products, including IV&V
Mission Architecture and Space Vehicle Systems Enabling Human Mission Operations Simulation and Testing System Engineering & Design, Development Capabilities and Training Integration
For JSC partnering and capability details visit, https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/partnerships/JSC-Partnership-Gateway JSC Space Vehicle Systems - Design & Development Design and development of space vehicle systems that integrate aeroscience & flight mechanics; power & propulsion; software, robotics, & simulation; structural; avionics system expertise; and crew & thermal expertise for crewed and uncrewed vehicles.
Lunar Design Aspects
• Lunar crew module and systems • Flight operations • Human systems integration display development • Autonomy/Class A Core Flight Software • Precision Landing and Hazard Avoidance • Intra-vehicular robotics/remote ops • RPOD integrated solutions • Probabilistic Risk Assessment • Optimized exploration-class medical capabilities • Integrated avionics and software backbone compatibility • Dust characterizations and mitigation • Light weight hatch and docking system DDT&E • ECLSS/thermal optimization • Test validated propulsion systems models • Crew emergency response equipment • Robust, thermal runaway resistant battery design • Glass/Windows database • High reliability pyrotechnic separation systems
Crew & Mission Propulsion, S/W, Robotics & Thermal Safety & Human Health Operations & Aeroscience & Power, & Fuel Structural Simulation Avionics Systems Mission Assurance & Performance Training Flight Mechanics Cells Engineering 34 JSC Simulation and Testing Development of high-fidelity, real-time, human/hardware-in-the loop engineering simulations/models/tests. Software development expertise for flight/ground systems, embedded and integrated software, and quality engineering/assurance.
System Testing • Battery screening/abuse testing Human-in-the-Loop Simulations • Power quality & storable cryogenic testing • Human Vacuum/Thermal Chamber Testing • Tunable beam & pyro shock testing • Active Response Gravity Offset System (Argos) • Dynamics & Control of large structure • Manual Control of Vehicles • Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance • Mock-up Development • Optical Navigation, Terrain Relative Navigation • Underwater & Surface Systems Analog • Electronics design & comm testing • Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) • Antenna modeling & test • Planetary exploration training for the crew • 6 DOF Dynamic Docking Systems Testing • Mechanical and electrical part testing, failure analysis Simulation • Hypervelocity impact testing (MMOD) for shielding • Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) • Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel Testing • Integrated Power, Avionics, and Software test bed • Systems Engineering Simulator Hazardous Testing • Flight Acceptance Standard Testing (FAST): Environmental Testing • Materials Odor and Offgas Toxicity testing • Random vibe w/ high G & high force • Upward flammability Testing • Radiant Heat Test Facility • Heated Promoted Combustion Testing • EMI test chambers • LOX Mechanical Impact Testing • Acoustics Environment Analysis • Hypergolic Material Compatibility Testing • Operational Environment Lighting Analysis • Rocket Propulsion Testing and Evaluation • Lunar Environment chamber with soil • Decontamination and Refurbishment of flight Components • Oxygen Compatibility Assessment, Component/Material Testing • Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel NDE, analysis/testing • Hazardous Fluids and Component Training • COPV Damage Detection • Oxygen Systems Training Course • Hypergol System Design and Operation Training Course
35 Enabling Human Capabilities Experienced in integrating human systems into mission architecture and vehicle systems. Capabilities include expertise in human health and performance, EVA, and exploration sciences.
Human Health and Performance Extravehicular Activity (EVA) • Provides subject matter expertise on vehicle certification • External Interface definition, requirements, and integration requirements interpretation and provides verification methods (hatches, ladders, handrails, worksite interfaces, lighting) assistance for all human rating space flight requirements: • Internal interface definition and support (power, water, communication) Crew Task Analysis • HSI Plans and Processes • • Evaluation of preliminary module concepts (physical or VR), • Human System Requirements • Crew Worksite Analysis including support for engineering and crewed evaluations and Verification plans and simulations • Human Error Analysis • Refinement of operations concepts for use of • Human Factors Engineering module to perform EVA and EVA servicing Review and applicability of human system standards, tailoring • • Support for analog testing (Neutral Buoyancy Lab, of verification plans, technical guidance and test facilities Active Response Gravity Offset System, VR sims) spanning a wide set of expertise: • Assurance and certification of EVA hardware • Vehicle Acceleration and Velocity Models • Safety and reliability controls for EVA operations Analysis (Occupant Protection) • Manual Control of Vehicles • Toxicology and Contamination Control Plans Exploration Science • Radiation Monitoring, Protection and Exposure • Science Mission Planning Analysis • Lunar sample handling, containment, • Decompression Sickness Mitigations contamination control, physical and chemical • Lunar Dust Exposure Management and Mitigations properties, and dust • Acoustics Environment Analysis • Sample curation (cold curation building capacity) • Operational Environment Lighting Analysis • Lunar science expertise (sample science, remote • Human Centered Design and Space Habitability sensing, planetary science, analytical instruments) Architecture • Human science expertise • Environmental Monitoring (surfaces, air, water) • Landing site characterization • Crew Health and Nutrition Systems • Geotechnical properties characterization • Traverse planning • Image analysis expertise (photogrammetry) • Planetary exploration training for crew
36 Mission Operations & Training JSC provides mission planning, training, and mission execution for all of NASAs human space flight missions. JSC has extensive experience coordinating and integrating both international and commercial partners.
Mission planning, Training, and Mission Execution • Operations concept definition • flight design& mission analysis • Instructor Training • Requirements integration • Curriculum development • Astronaut Training • Operations product • Flight controller Training • Real-time Operations development
Design For Operations – Incorporating human space flight experience into the design process helps provide an efficient, operable vehicle design. • power/data channelization • bus loss & load sheds • Manual Operations • “Fly As Is” Assessments • flight software integration • loss of attitude control • Overrides • ops workaround solutions
Mission & Training Facilities – Mission control and training facilities are the hub for human space flight operations.
Astronaut Training Facility Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory Mission Control Space Vehicle Mockup Facility • High Fidelity Space Craft • One of the worlds largest • Control & Customer • High Bay for Full Size Simulators pools Support Room Mockups • Integrated Systems • Crew Training • Network access • Crew Training • Development & Testing Training • Hardware verification
Rapid Prototype Lab (RPL) - Development of vehicle displays and astronaut interface prototypes for quick deployment. This capability is imbedded into the crew office providing direct crew feedback and experience into the crew interface development process.
Aircraft Operations – Aircraft Operations at JSC provides unique capabilities to support large volume critical cargo transport as well as high altitude, high fidelity, imagery and sensing capabilities Super Guppy WB-57 – High Altitude Platform • Supports payloads up to 24” in • Support scientific research diameter and 45000 lbs • Launch & test support 37 • Potentially saving cost and schedule • Advanced Technology development National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Kennedy Space Center, FL Kennedy Space Center
Human Landing System
• Kennedy Space Center, FL (KSC) – The launch site of America’s human spaceflight missions, has significant infrastructure and capabilities that can support future space endeavors
• Follow the URL to the particular area of interest
– Explore Partnerships video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQypUuVBL8
– KSC stands ready to partner with industry https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/
– Physical assets https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/Partnering-Opportunities/Capabilities-and-Testing/Physical-Assets
– Laboratories and skilled capabilities to support testing https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/Partnering-Opportunities/Capabilities-and-Testing/Testing-and-Labs/All-KSC-Labs
– Interest Request Form https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/Partnering-with-KSC/Interest-Request-Form
39 Kennedy Space Center
Human Landing System
• KSC has labs that support spaceflight: – https://kscpartnerships.ksc.nasa.gov/Partnering-Opportunities/Capabilities-and-Testing/Testing-and-Labs/All-KSC-Labs – Advanced Life Support – Applied Chemistry Lab – Analytical Chemistry Services – Biomedical Research Lab – Corrosion Control Lab – Cryogenics Lab – Customer Avionics Interface Development and Analysis (CAIDA) Lab – Data Acquisition Systems Lab – Electrical Labs – Electromagnetic Lab (EML) – Electronics Development Lab – Electrostatics & Surface Physics Lab – Environmental and Contamination Lab – Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA)
40 Kennedy Space Center
Human Landing System
• KSC has labs to support spaceflight (continued): – Fluids and Mechanical – Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations (GMRO) – Instrumentation and Data Acquisition – Launch Equipment Test Facility (LETF) – Life Sciences Labs – Materials and Processes – Materials Science – Materials Selection – Microscopic Imagery Lab – Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) – Power Systems Development – Prototype Development Lab (PDL) – Range Technologies Development – Surface Systems Engineering (Swamp Works) – Sensors and Transducers Development – Vibration Lab
41 Kennedy Space Center
Human Landing System
• KSC Science & Technology Projects Division https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ksc_r-t_brochure.pdf
• Swamp Works
Prototype space suit testing in the KSC “regolith bin” Photo courtesy of National Geographic/Phillip Toledano
The pathway to the Moon leads to Kennedy Space Center
42 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Langley Research Center June 24, 2019
Center POC’s: David Dress [email protected] Dave Moore [email protected] Structures and Mechanisms, Modular Assembly, Hardware Fabrication, Composites
Human Landing System
• Atmospheric Entry Systems Mechanical Engineering; Mechanism Systems & Controls Engineering; Analysis & Simulation of space flight mechanisms; Concept-to-flight systems • Composites design, analysis, and optimization (including damage prediction); In-situ NDE of composite structures • Radiation prediction, analyses, and protection methods • Long-reach manipulator arm and Lunar Crane • Thermal Protection system design; Inflatable habitats and airlocks; Inflation Systems development • Static and dynamic loads and stress analysis of complex aerospace systems – including non-linear, fatigue, buckling, and random analyses; Design Sensitivity and Optimization • Conceptual structural analysis and design of spacecraft configurations for planetary entry • Launch vehicle coupled loads analysis; Vibro-acoustic analysis of launch vehicles; Structural acoustics • Consultation, analysis verification planning, and post-test model correlation for modal, random-vibration, and vibro-acoustic testing; Steady-state and transient thermal analyses of complex aerospace systems • Conceptual thermal design and analysis of spacecraft configurations for ascent and re-entry • Composites and Additive Manufacturing Fabrication o Test Articles, MDU’s and EDU’s; Composite Materials Processing and Autoclaves o NC Machining – 3 and 5 axis for tooling and composites; Suite of 3D Printers; Multi Axis Water-Jet Cutting 44 Deorbit, Descent and Landing Simulation and Sensor Technologies
Human Landing System
• POST2 EDL/DDL flight mechanics software; EDL/DDL flight reconstruction; LAURA2 and FUN3D High speed CFD solvers • Inflatable EDL/DDL aero-decelerator systems • EDL/DDL system analysis (mass models, propulsion, technology requirements) • EDL/DDL Flight mechanics -- Earth ascent; lunar de-orbit, descent and landing entry; lunar abort; lunar ascent; Earth entry, descent and landing; separation analysis; communication line of sight • Earth re-entry flight environments -- experimental/computational, experimental facilities, continuum/rarefied, aerodynamics/aerothermodynamics • Retro-propulsion/reaction control system modeling and design • Light, Large-scale, EDL/DDL structures; Thermal/structural analysis and optimization • Landing systems (active/passive) design and testing • Advanced In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) construction methods (e.g. landing pads) • Autonomous guidance, navigation and control • Navigational Doppler LIDAR (NDL); Flash LIDAR; Laser ranging, velocity and hazard avoidance • Stereo imaging; Active and passive electro-optical systems development and instrument design • Entry and launch vehicle flight dynamics; Static and dynamic stability and control
45 Motion Based and Fixed Cockpit Real Time Simulators
Human Landing System
• Rapid prototyping and immersive/real-time/high fidelity simulation environment for design, development, test, evaluation, verification, and validation of human-in-the-loop and autonomous rendezvous, docking, landing, orbital gateway operations, and surface operations on moon and Mars o Applying LaRC’s unique simulation capabilities for risk mitigation and challenge resolution . Autonomous or manual controlled rendezvous and docking; Hazard detection and avoidance under lighting, dust, and terrain environmental constraints; Precision landing using sensor technology; Constraints and operational considerations for Lunar Descent, Landing, Abort, and Ascent • Simulators to support Lunar Exploration development by performing trade studies, rapid prototyping, and evaluation • Lunar Flight Deck (LFD) o Lunar Lander Handling Qualities Simulation with Full flight operations for piloting and handling of Lunar Lander including including rendezvous, docking, descent, landing, ascent, and surface operations o Reconfigurable Simulator (Rapid –Prototyping) with Visual system (135 degrees Horizontal by 67.5 degrees Vertical Panorama) and Databases: Lunar South Pole, Shackleton Crater area, and latest potential Lunar Landing sites o Landing Site Evaluation o Hazard Avoidance and Precision Landing; Flexibility to simulate lighting & environmental effects o Descent abort capability assessment, abort delta-V budget assessment, and landing site re-designation capabilities o Capable of simulating ground and surface models such as buildings, moving vehicles and objects for habitats at lunar outpost o Used to train astronauts for landing on the moon during Apollo 46 Test Facilities
Human Landing System
• Dynamic simulation and test of landing of a Decent Lander using Landing And Impact Research Facility (LandIR) • Six axis full-scale structures testing in Combined Loads Test System (COLTS) • Environmental testing for coupon to large specimens (-430°F to 3000°F) • Lidar Test Range: Laboratory with access to calibrated targets at hundreds of meters range for characterization and calibration of EDL lidar sensors • 2 Micron Solid State Laser Lab • Triple-Pulse LIDAR Development Lab; Coherent LIDAR Lab; Advanced LIDAR Development Lab • LIDAR Systems Development Clean Room; Laser Material Spectroscopy Lab • Flight Instruments Integration Pre-Clean & Clean Rooms • Detectors Development & Test Lab; Raman Spectroscopy Lab • Systems Integration and Test Branch Labs o EMI/EMC Lab o Flight Systems Integration Clean Rooms; High-Bay Test Area o Mass Properties Lab o Thermal-Vac Labs o Vibration Lab 47 Systems Analysis & Concepts
Human Landing System
Vehicles Space and atmospheric vehicle design, sizing, and configuration (e.g. Analysis, lander elements, habitats, rovers, launch vehicles, propulsion stages, Assessment, and spacecraft, hypersonics, aircraft) Concept Design of: Missions/Flights End-to-end missions/flights for space, surface and atmospheric missions; strong trajectory analysis capability.
Integrated Architectures Highly integrated architectures developed to support a campaign or multiple missions/flights (e.g. human Mars in-space transportation, air transportation systems).
Campaigns Multi-mission/flight planning over extended periods of time to accomplish objectives (e.g. ISS assembly, human missions to Mars).
Characterization of technology and capability needs vs. state-of-the- Technology Assessment art (e.g Exploration Core Capability Group, Human Mars capability & Gap Analysis gap assessment , ERA Tech Assessment) Portfolio characterization and prioritization facilitation, process development, data visualization (e.g. Mars Integrated Schedule & Decision Analysis Technology Investment Decision Timeline Assessment, SBIR scoring framework, ARMD SPRM outcome prioritization) Strategic Analysis Framework structures, strategy development, market analysis, portfolio formulation & evaluation decision support (e.g. STMD mega-driver development facilitation)
Enabling NASA leadership to effect meaningful change through well-informed HEOMD SMD STMD decision-making by performing concept development, analysis, and integration of complex aerospace systems. OCT ARMD 48 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Marshall Space Flight Center
NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute Chemical Propulsion (MSFC)
Human Landing System
In addition to extensive heritage in LO2/LH2 propulsion from Shuttle, expertise includes:
• LO2/Methane propulsion systems and components
– Designed and hot fired first 25-lbf LO2/Methane thruster in-house (2005)
– Developed standard parametrics for LO2/Methane injector design now used by multiple engine vendors
– Designed, developed and tested 1k and 4k LO2/Methane thrust chamber assemblies with regenerative cooled chambers • Pioneers in the use of advanced manufacturing techniques for propulsion applications – Developed & hot fire tested an in-house additively manufactured 30k thrust engine – Developed, hot fire tested & transferred to industry the technology to additively manufacture copper combustion chambers – Developing advanced manufacturing techniques for nozzles to dramatically shorten the manufacturing time, subscale hardware in test today • Storable Propulsion Systems and components – Experience with pressure-fed and pump-fed storable systems. – Leveraging DoD divert and attitude control thruster and high-pressure helium technologies for potential applications to lunar and Mars missions • In-house design, development, and test expertise for stages/spacecraft systems – Propulsion feed system, pressurization, propellant management including integration of cryogenic fluid management (CFM) technologies, tanks – Component technology development for these systems including lines, ducts, valves, CFM technologies, etc. • Design, development, technology maturation including all of the detailed analytical capabilities for all types of propulsion systems – Component expertise includes turbomachinery, combustion devices, lines, valves, ducts, and thrust vector control – Detailed analytical capabilities include stress, thermal, loads, rotordynamics, structural dynamics, computational fluid dynamics, acoustics and vibroacoustics, steady-state performance, and transient modeling
50 NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute Materials & Processes (MSFC)
Human Landing System Full-Scale Advanced Manufacturing M&P Engineering Services Process development through prototype and flight Proven and effective flight expertise and solutions • Low-Cost, Flexible Tooling Solutions • Technical Expert Consulting - Material selection, fracture control, alternative approaches, • Metal Joining forming, forging, diagnostics, contamination control, and more - Solid state and fusion welding expertise • Material Properties Database (MAPTIS) • Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) - Metallic, non-metallic, and AM properties - Process development and full-scale application • Space Environmental Effects • Composites - Unique space environment testing capabilities - Coupon level to full-scale, integrated structures • Mechanical and Tribology Testing • Additive Manufacturing (AM) - Extensive range of test force, rates, and environments; liquid - International leader in laser powder bed fusion AM hydrogen experts processes, part manufacturing, NDE, and flight certification • Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) - Full-range NDE services and development
51 NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute Systems Engineering (MSFC)
Human Landing System
Design, Development, and Fabrication of Spacecraft Systems • Lunar Landers system/subsystem analysis, design and integration for human and robotic missions – Collaborated with APL on Mighty Eagle demonstration lander in support of precursor lander mission development – Designed electromechanical controller for Human Lunar Lander Program Descent Vehicle Risk Reduction • Extensive, internationally recognized capability to design, develop, test, and evaluate the Environmental Control and Life Support Systems – Ground development of ECLSS systems and 20 years of flight hardware development and sustaining for ISS ECLSS – Use of additive manufactured techniques to fabricate flight hardware for ISS ECLSS • DDT&E control electronics, power supply modules, embedded software for space science experiments and instruments on satellites, ISS life support systems and payloads • Designed new and ruggedized existing COTS imagery systems for multiple launch vehicles and space-based scientific projects. • Designed RF Comm Link/Antenna Analysis & Testing For Lander Technologies, SLS, HLS, Gateway and a CLPS provider Specialized Engineering Services • Specialize in Mechanical Design, Analysis (thermal, dynamics, stress), and Mechanical Fabrication • Specification, design, development, test, and characterization of electrical and electronic components, subsystems, and subsystems, such as: control electronics, power supply modules, GN&C hardware (inertial navigation units, star trackers, gyros, etc.), • E3 Requirements Development and Tailoring, E3 and Power Quality Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing, Electrical Grounding and Bonding and Lightning Protection (E3 Lead for ISS, Gateway Level 2, Gateway Hab Office, SLS, Commercial Crew) • Fabrication and test of printed circuit board assemblies, cable/harness assemblies, and integrated avionics components • CMMI L3 developed human-rated, real-time embedded software, integration, V&V, as well as, simulation and hardware in-the-loop (HIL) framework • Design and develop specialized science instrumentation and payloads such as neutron spectrometers which have flown aboard high altitude balloons, cubesats, and the ISS Provide monitoring/analysis of data for in flight operations. • Autonomous and crewed spacecraft and science mission operations concept development, planning, training, and executing, including DSN, data processing and data distribution infrastructure leveraging more than 40 years of operations capability. 52 NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute Test Facilities (MSFC)
Human Landing System
• Propulsion Test • Structural Strength Test – Sub-scale injectors and elements, thrusters, gas generators, – Hazardous structural test turbopumps – Cryostructural test – Oxygen and hydrogen cold flow – Tensile & compressive loads test – Cryostructural – Combined Environments – On-orbit vacuum environment – Load environments to simulate launch, on orbit, and landing conditions – Solar thermal propulsion for development, qualification, acceptance & research – Solid motor propellant & materials – Hot gas material characterization • Structural Dynamics Test – Engine Systems (LH2, CH4, RP-1) – Experimental modal analysis to verify and correlate FEM. • Experimental Fluid Dynamics Test – Vibration, acoustic, and pyrotechnic shock – Microgravity vibration emission testing – Air & water flow – Full flow air blow down for turbopump turbine inlet testing of subscale • Environmental Test solid motor casing & nozzle designs – Probe calibration testing – Thermal vacuum and thermal cycle/humidity – Subscale nozzle internal contours and back pressure data via blow – Altitude down testing – Launch ascent/descent – Pump impeller & inducer sub- and full-scale performance mapping via – Vacuum bake out visual water flow testing – Optical certification bake out – Air blow down testing – Arc Jet/Hot Gas
53 NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute Large-Scale Design of Vehicle Systems (MSFC)
Human Landing System Systems Engineering & Integration Structural Design & Analysis Flight Mechanics & Analysis
• Technical Management • Structural Dynamics, Loads –Risk and knowledge management • Control Systems Design & & Stress Analysis Analysis –Perform metrics and margin management –Structural analysis & Fracture mechanics –Requirements definition –Lifecycle review planning –Vibroacoustic environment definition –Development –Certification of flight readiness strategy –Integrated coupled loads analysis –Trade study identification and tracking • Structural & Mechanical Design & –Verification • System Design and Definition Modeling –Launch vehicle and spacecraft –Integrates and manages overall system –Vehicle component design and integration • Guidance & Trajectories design –Pyrotechnic systems analysis –Guidance laws –Establishes design requirements and –Meteoroid debris analysis facilitates compliance –Trajectory designs • Composite Structures • –Mission analysis Test and Verification • Aerosciences • Navigation Systems –Leads verification and validation planning and –Aerodynamics integration –Acoustic environments • Guidance, Nav & Control Testing • Systems Analysis –Rocket exhaust plume characterization • Modeling & Simulation –Leads and performs system-level modeling • Integrated Systems Health and analysis –Aerothermodynamics Management and Automation –Mass margin management –Venting • Natural & Induced Environments –Ascent debris assessment • Thermal Design, Analysis & Control –Assistance with systems hazard and failure –Thermal/fluid analysis –Terrestrial evaluations –Launch vehicle TPS –Planetary –Human factors engineering –Spacecraft thermal analysis 54 NASA Internal Use Only • Do Not Distribute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Landing System Human Landing System (HLS)
Center Capabilities: Stennis Space Center (SSC) Propulsion Test Support from Components to Stages
Human Landing System
• E-3 Test Facility SSC manages NASA’s Max Thrust (Klbf) B-1/B-2 Test Stand largest propulsion test 60 Max Thrust (Klbf) Altitude (Kft) 11,000 (designed) site. Providing Ambient Altitude (Kft) Propellants Ambient • Engineering expertise LOX/H202/JP- Propellants 8/Hybrid LOX/LH2 and operations • Technical oversight and
E-2 Test Facility A-1/A-2 Test Stands execution of test Max Thrust (Klbf) Max Thrust (Klbf) 100 1,500 (designed) programs Altitude (Kft) 650 (current) Ambient Altitude • Support for NASA and Propellants ENGINES Ambient / Ambient LOX/LH2/RP and 60 Kft commercial Propellants LOX/LH2 development and acceptance testing • Test capabilities ranging A-3 Test Stand E-1 Test Facility Cells 1-3 Max Thrust (Klbf) from components to Max Thrust (Klbf) 1,200 1,000 (designed) Altitude (Kft) Ambient 300+ (altitude) stages Propellants Altitude LOX/LH2/RP/Hybrid 100 Kft (designed) (Methane Planned) Propellants LOX/LH2
56 SSC Propulsion Expertise
Human Landing System
Raptor AR1 Preburner
AEON1 Engine Jupiter Preburner RS-68 Morpheus Lander
• Unique capabilities for high-pressure, high flow testing of components and systems. • Testing from subscale to stages (1klbf to 7Mlbf thrust). • Multiple fuel types including methane, hydrogen and RP. • Extensive experience working with commercial partners.
57 Untethered Lander Flight Testing
Human Landing System 100+ Square Miles of Restricted Airspace Legend R-4403A R-4403B R-4403C R-4403E R-4403F Government-owned Area SSC Buffer Zone
• SSC restricted airspace can be utilized by NASA, the DoD and industry. • Untethered lander flight tests • Propulsion testing • UAV operations • Multiple range activities can occur to enable operations between airborne platforms, surface and underwater systems. • Maximum altitude is 10,000 feet in portions of the airspace. 58 Autonomous Systems Laboratory
Human Landing System
• SSC’s Autonomous Systems Lab (ASL) has developed tools for • Orion EFT-1 (post flight test), • Glenn Research Center’s AES Modular Power System, • Kennedy Space Center’s Cryogenic Test Laboratory, • Johnson Space Center’s Integrated Power, Avionics & Software Laboratory, • Stennis Space Center’s High Pressure Gas Facility, and • A NextSTEP-2 industry partner. • In 3 months, a team of 3 people created intelligent monitoring systems for Orion • Power, • Helium, • Parachute and • ECLSS, as well as an • Interactive GUI to display system data. • Orion EFT-1 archived telemetry data was streamed in real-time (mimicking the true data transfer) and SSC’s tools identified each injected fault, as well as the cause of that fault, in real time.
59 NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS)
Human Landing System
• SSC’s NASA Platform for Autonomous Systems (NPAS) significantly reduces the time and cost to develop robust, sophisticated autonomous applications. • NPAS enables robust distributed, hierarchical, scalable autonomous systems required for complex, dynamic systems. • NPAS has achieved Class C Safety Critical certification, and SSC is working with MSFC to achieve Class A certification. • NPAS runs on multiple computing platforms, including the RAD750 processor (SP0-S) using VxWorks, and is integrated with the Core Flight System via the Space Bus Network. • NPAS currently includes support for • Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM), • Fluid systems, • Power systems, • Avionics systems, • Bridges to connect to multiple external systems, and • Tools to create compelling, dynamic user interfaces.
60