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Contributions Cushman Foundation Foraminiferal Research CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUME XX, Part 4 October, 1969 Contents \y\.a.4f.A \\ .:' 7~ PAGE V No. 373. Recent Foraminifera from the Western continental shelf of Western Aus· tralia K. J. Betjeman ..................................................................... ............................................. .. .... .......... 119 V No. 374. Seasonal occurrence of Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) in Llandanwg lagoon (North Wales, U.K.) Drew Haman ......................................................................... 139 ./ No. 375. Two new species of Foraminifera from the Lower Mancos Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico G. M. Lamb .. ...................... 143 V No. 376. A note on the taxonomic status of the genus A/robolivina\ Reyment 1959 E. A. Fayose ............................................................................... .. .......................................................................... .... 145 V' No. 377. A re-evaluation of eastern Mediterranean Foraminifera using factor-vector analysis Kenneth Hooper ................................................................... ................................ ..................... 147 V No. 378. Globigerina marls and their planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene of Nanggulan, Central Java H. M. S. Hartono .................................... .. ..................................... 152 V'Recent Literature on the Foraminifera Ruth Todd ...................................................................................... 160 Index to Volume XX, 1969 ...................................................................................................................................................... 171 1969 RETURN TO: PALAEC:ITOLOGIC AL LIBRARY THE BRITISH PETr:OLECM CO. LTD •• SUNBURY RES EARC H CENTRE. , CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSH1\iAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAM1NIF'''::RAL RESEARCH 119 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH VOLUM E XX, PART 4, OCTOBE R, 1969 373. RECENT FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WESTERN CONTINENTAL SHELF OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA K. J. BETJ EMAN ABSTRA CT Bay, a marine embayment on the central west coast, T he western part of the 'Vestern AustJ'alian continental and McTavish (in Ives, 1961 ) identified the foram­ shelf is Inhabited by a rich foraminlfer'al fauna w h ich inifera from Cockburn Sound on the south-west exhibits familiar trends, Including: ( 1) plank tonic foraminifera dominate the fauna of the coast. Hassell ( 1962 ) and McKenzie (1962) have outer shel f a nd upper continen ta l 910 1>e samples: studied estuarine faunas on the south coast. (2) a renaceous benthonic foraminifera are most abun- Ekman ( 1953) recognises two zoogeographic dani in the mid-shel f area; (3) calcareou s benthonic foraminife ra show a steady provinces ( Hedgpeth, 1957 ) on the west coast of decrease in abu ndance toward the shel f edge: Australia. The northern Damperian province con­ ( 4) the number' of sl>ecies and gene ra slight ly Increases tains a tropical and probably partly subtropical offshore; fauna and is contrasted with the southern, temper­ (5) t he h ighest total population density i s reached on t he outer edge of the shel f, ate, Flindersian province. Ekman states that the The environment is a fairl y stable one, The uniformity southern limit of the warm water found on the of t he substratum, the lack of a ctive sed imentation, the west coast may be situated at about 29 ° south. typically oceanic salinities, the lack of significant fres h­ Carrigy and Fairbridge ( 1954) no!e that the shelf water r un-cfT, a nd the small annual va"iation in water tem pera tul'es suggest that t hese are not major factOr s in is characterised by uniformity of fauna along thou­ contl'olling the general distributions of the forami n ifera. sands of miles of coastline, though an almost im­ A l atitudinal temperatul'e cline. { ,'om a maximu m of 26°C perceptible change in fauna occurs north of the ( minimum 23 oC) in the north to a maximum of 21 0 C (min_ Abrolhos Islands (about latitude 29 ° south) where Imum 17 oC) in the south, i s probably the most influential environmenta l faelor , there is a gradual transition from temperate to sub­ The general distribution of R ecent F oramini fera may be tropical faunas. The foraminiferal evidence also divided a longshore into tropica l-subtl'oplcal a nd temperate suggests that the change is a gradual one in a transi­ fauna l regions and offshore Into three depth biofacies. rec­ tion zone extending from latitude 25 ° south to lati­ ogni sed by the presence of certain guide species and the absence of ot hers. tude 30° south. INTRODUCTION METHODS OF STUDY The continental shelf of Western Australia covers Fifty samples were collected, using Petersen and some 400,000 square miles, varies in width from 24 Van Veen grabs, between latitudes 20° and 34° miles near latitude 22° south to more than 250 south in depths varying from 0 to 165 fathoms. miles near latitude 16° south, and is primarily Station locations are shown in text fig . I. Full de­ under the influence of the open-sea waters of the tails of station data and sediment types are on file south-east Indian Ocean. This report, the first of its in the Geology Department of the University of kind from the Indian Ocean, is based upon the fo­ Western Australia. raminifera found in sediment sa mples taken from A unit (wet) volume of sediment (Phleger, 1960, the western part, between latitudes 18° and 34° pp. 36-37; Kornicker, 1959) was wet sieved on a south. Of the environmental factors, water temper­ 1l2-mesh Tyler screen, dried, and the foraminiferal atures appear to pl ay the major role in the overall tests then concentrated by carbon tetrachloride flo­ distribution of foraminiferal species, but in certain tation. The residue was re-examined and remaining restricted areas other factors are equally important. foraminifera were separated by hand picking. Each concentrated faunal sample was spread at PREVIOUS WORK random onto a corrugated ceramic picking tray, Work on the ecology of Foraminifera in the and between 300 and 400 specimens were counted Indian Ocean region has lagged well behind that in by traversing one or more grooves. The total popu­ the Pacific and Atlantic. Parr (in Fairbridge, 1950) lation was then estimated from the ratio of the listed 98 species occurring in several recent beach number of grooves traversed to the total number of sand samples collected between Naval Base and grooves on the tray. If a low total population count Trigg Island near latitude 32° south and in one was obtained several unit wet volumes were exam­ sample from Gerald ton Harbour at latitude 29 ° ined. Faunal slides were made for each station and south. Chapman and Parr ( 1935) identified 112 a set of species reference slides built up for the species of foraminifera from soundings made by whole shelf region (material stored in the Depart­ the trawler "Bon thorpe" in the Great Australian ment of Geology, University of Western Australia). Bight. Logan (1959) has listed the fauna of Shark The rather low sample density, the unknown 120 BE:TJ EMAN-RECENT WEST'ERN AUSTRALIA FORAMINIFERA /10 ., /12 II. liB IlO <:) un, ZO · •. to­ ,<>~--- BARROW .. ....... , 39832 O~,. NORTH-WEST ~. 19d ./ :!9;123 CAPE 51923:.[.};3'839-r; ZZ ~'9 BI\)L EXM OUTH GULF 5 19 20 ' 51 919 51921 '. ~ POINT MAUD . 45180 ./ ) -.J"- 120 140 I 50 19"'7 5.;9Zb SI9Z. S Z4 5 ' Iifii %0_ ~""' 511B9 ' S ll B~""CA P E CUV I E~ INDE X MA '", , I..... 10 '" 51 916 5t1H 6 '" 5 11 9~ 00 0; 51 19'6 ~ °i ~ 5~ARK 0 20 26. BAY \ , AU STRALIA .. .... o 39BIB • 53 217 0.0 SlY IS •• SHOAL 'zV V ~I _ . _ . _ j _ . _ . _~POIN T ........ .I ZB : 5 1930 39827 o 51 931 <OOv .' '0 • 5 /932. ' ~.:;;f~ 5 094 2- AB RO LHOS __ '. f~398'd~_G tRALD TDN 39814" 39809 I SLA NDS 53'19 ' . 0 ) '" '. "'. 5321 8 " \j '\ 5191, 30 S191. GOO \"'-GRE EN HEAD ~if\ ;5191l ~ :. ..•.., ? " <f\ 51935 'QpSI,\' 5 1934 ". Q i9\ ~ \\ 39,\ UJ '. 39801 _PERTH Z 50956 I 32 I- (f1!i(;1 I; .9803 i f SOUND C:::' ,./ 50955 ./ 50947 \0 ~ .. ..... TEXT FIGURE Station locations and bathymetry CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDA'l'ION FOR FORA.l\fJN1FERAL RESEARCH 121 error due to quartering (Phleger, 1960, p. 34) and Australian Museum) , B. W. Logan (University of the probable sample variation over small distances Western Australia), officers of the Commonwealth on the substratum (Shifflett, 1961) impose strict Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, and, limitations on the interpretation of data. Detailed more recently, the author obtained data on shelf analysis of distributions of the foraminifera was not water temperatures and salinities during the periods possible, but the generalisations given here are il­ 1953, 1956-1957, and 1962-1 964. Some of the data luminative and provide a framework for future are good, some rather scattered. localised and detailed studies. Temperature ENVIRONMENT Surface water temperatures vary from a winter Physiography and Geology minimum of 17 °C in the south to an autumn maxi­ Carrigy and Fairbridge (1954) have made the mum of 26°C at North-West Cape (text fig . 2). The only detailed analysis of the physiography and difference between the average surface and bottom geology of the continental shelf of Western Austra­ temperatures for the first 100 fathoms is 4°C in lia; the following discussion is based on their work. summer and 1 °C in winter. The most western part of the Western Australian At the end of autumn (May to June) water tem­ continental shelf consists of the Rottnest, Dirk peratures drop sharply (2°C) over the whole shelf Hartog and Rowley sub-shelves. This area occupies (text fig . 3). There is a further sli ght drop in tem­ some 80,000 square miles and varies in width from perature (approximately lh °C) during the winter 24 miles at North-West Cape to a maximum of 110 (June through August). Minimum surface-water miles off Shark Bay. The shelf break occurs at 110, temperatures are recorded at the end of the winter 160, 180, 90 and 100 fathoms off Barrow Island, throughout the entire length of coast, ranging from North-West Cape, Shark Bay, Shoal Point and 17 °C in the south to 23 °C in the north.
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