DOCSLIB.ORG

Revisiting Martin Luther King's Last Campaign and Unfinished Agenda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revisiting Martin Luther King's Last Campaign and Unfinished Agenda NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES Volume 40 (2018): 121-135 Revisiting Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign and Unfinished Agenda Michael K. HONEY ＊ “I woke up this morning with my mind stayed on Freedom...” “When the union’s inspiration through the worker’s blood shall run, There can be no power anywhere beneath the sun, for what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one But in union we are strong...” “Stayed on freedom,” sung by slaves emancipating themselves during the U.S. Civil War and again in churches and during the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, reminds us that the struggle for African American freedom has been long and hard. “Solidarity Forever,” composed in 1915 by Industrial Workers of the World activist Ralph Chaplin during World War I, picks up another thread of American history: the struggle for worker rights. Chaplin’s song tells us of the exploitation of labor for the benefit of the wealthy, and that through organizing, workers can make their demands: “the union makes us strong.” These two songs are not usually sung together, but I like to sing them that way because they link the ongoing struggle in American history for freedom and for economic justice.1 As we rethink the historical legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr., who died in Memphis, Tennessee, from an assassin’s bullet on April 4, 1968, over fifty years ago, these two struggles remain interconnected. Each generation rethinks its history and we are especially doing so in the U.S. ＊ Michael K. Honey is the Fred and Dorothy Haley Endowed Professor of Humanities at the University of Washington Tacoma, the author of five books, and the editor of King’s labor speeches. He worked as a civil rights and civil liberties organizer across the South from 1970― 1976, based in Memphis. 1. Pete Seeger and Bob Reiser, Everybody Says Freedom (New York and London: W.W. Norton, 1989), 175―82; Guy and Candie Carawan, Sing for Freedom: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement through Its Songs (Bethlehem, Pa.: Sing Out Publications, 1990); Pete Seeger and Bob Reiser, Carry it On! History in Song and Picture of the Working Men of America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985), 112―14; Edith Fowke and Joe Glazer, Songs of Work and Protest: 100 Favorite Songs of American Workers Complete with Music and Historical Notes (New York: Dover Publications, 1973), 12―13. 121 today. Our context is the dramatic shift to the right, as the Republican Party controls most U.S. state legislatures and governorships, the presidency, the Supreme Court and, as of this writing, Congress (we hope this will change). The reigning Republicans are using their power to crush labor rights, suppress voting rights, and, above all, enhance the wealth and power of the top 1 percent of the population at the expense of the great majority of Americans who rely on wages and fixed incomes for a living. President Donald Trump issues daily untrue statements and tweets, bullies critics, and tells people not to believe journalists but believe his fantastic stories instead; uses open sexism and racism to stir up renewed male supremacy and white nationalist movements; and presides over the deregulation of environmental protections on behalf of the petro-chemical and mining industries. As Trump undercuts environmental protections and pulls out of international climate change agreements aimed at curbing global warming, as I write this the temperature is over 100 degrees Fahrenheit in Japan, while the region of the Pacific Northwest in which I live is engulfed in forest fires and clouds of smoke. Trump’s policies represent the long-standing agenda of the Republican Party and its wealthy benefactors. It has long supported massive tax cuts for corporations and the rich, who are using those tax cuts to inflate their profits by buying back corporate stock while donating hundreds of millions back to Republican politicians. Republicans have made an ideological position of trying to roll back all forms of government intervention to protect people and the environment. They support the huge escalation of military spending as Trump promises to militarize space; seek to cut back food stamps and social programs that benefit poor and working people; and sabotage full health care for women and health care at a reduced cost for all Americans. Republican tax cuts have cut income to the federal government while increasing spending, ballooning the national debt while planning to undermine Medicare and Social Security systems that working people have paid into their entire lives. Their president undermines the stability of the global financial and export system and stirs conflict abroad while undercutting constitutional protections at home of both citizens and immigrants protected by the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.2 2. Documenting this summary would require another article in itself. The stories of the Trump/Republican triumph/disaster since the election of 2016 can be easily traced through the “fake news” outlets of the New York Times and the Washington Post. To take one example, after reducing corporate taxes by 20 percent and individual tax rates for the wealthiest people from 35 percent to 21 percent, the U.S. increased the budget deficit by $76.9 billion, more than a 20 percent increase from the previous year. The Republican tax cut will produce a total deficit of over one trillion dollars for the next year, based on a tax cut that goes mainly to the rich, of over $1.5 trillion expected in the next ten years. This is the work of Republicans who claim to be “conservative.” Martin Crutsinger, “U.S. budget deficit in July totals $76.9 billion,” Associated Press, August 11, 2018. 122 NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES 40 / 2018 Dr. King would be appalled. How could this happen in a nation that declares in its founding documents that “all men are created equal” and endowed with “unalienable rights” including “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”? As King preached and as we still find today, those who have the greatest wealth and power can never get enough and always want more; they do not seem to care if they get it at the expense of everyone else. Other capitalist countries do not necessarily enshrine greed and profits as national priorities. In the U.S., the top 1 percent owns more wealth than 90 percent of the rest of us, and its four richest people own more wealth than the bottom half of the world’s population. Particularly egregious, given our history of slavery and racism, the president and his supporters have perpetuated “us against them” racial conflicts, increasing the sense of many people who identify as “white” that they have racial grievances against black athletes, against Latino and Muslim immigrants, and “others.” Since the “southern strategy” of President Richard M. Nixon in 1968, Republican politicians have stoked racial conflict to split potential interracial working-class alliances and promote racial divisions to gain and hold power. This is an old story and an old strategy in American history, involving Democrats as well as Republicans.3 In the face of all this, I begin with freedom and labor movement songs to remind us that people in the U.S. have long struggled to unite workers and communities of color to confront common problems; that history suggests that it remains possible to work together against poverty and economic inequality, to stop forever wars and global warming, and create a better future.4 Freedom and labor movement songs remind us that our story is only part of a much larger story of Native peoples, slaves, indentured servants, immigrants, workers, and men and women of all ethnicities and genders who have long struggled for a better life. A vast and growing literature in American Studies on the leading role of women in the civil rights movement and a literature of grassroots organizing has documented that the history of social change is not about the “great man” theory in which a special leader rescues us from our troubles.5 Nonetheless, as a historian and 3. For an update on these issues, see the special issue of The Nation, July 16/23, 2018. Eric Foner, in Give Me Liberty! An American History, vol. 2 (New York: W.W. Norton, 2011), reminds us that southern Democrats were the mainstay of both slavery and segregation until the tables turned when African Americans won full suffrage under the Voting Rights Act of 1965. 4. “Declaration of Independence” (1776), in Foner, Give Me Liberty!, A-23. Foner provides the most reliable overview of American history. 5. Most recently, see for example, Jeanne Theoharis, The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks (Boston: Beacon Press, 2013) and A More Beautiful and Terrible History: The Uses and Misuses of Civil Rights History (Boston: Beacon Press, 2018); Paul Ortiz, An African American and Latinx History of the United States (Boston: Beacon Press, 2018); and Roxanne Dunbar- Ortiz, An Indigenous People’s History of the United States (Boston: Beacon Press, 2014), in a NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES 40 / 2018 123 activist who has lived through the last fifty years, the current crisis of democracy in the U.S. makes me appreciate more than ever the life and legacy of Dr. King. We go back to the King story more than fifty years since his death in 1968 not because we wish to idolize heroes and heroines of the past, but because we hope to pass on a growing literature on King and social movement history to young people; they are the ones, with the help of older people, who can stop our planet from burning up or flooding out, who can blunt escalating racism, sexism, and violence, and forge new bonds of common world citizenship.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • I L L TIE Filtl
    ill TIE FilTl The Story of a Song from the Sawdust Trail to the Picket Line m PAUL I. SCHEIPS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS • CITY OF WASHINGTON . 1971 SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY • NUMBER 9 HOLD THE FI1T! THE STORY OF A SONG FROM THE SAWDUST TRAIL TO THE PICKET LINE by Paul J. Scheips SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1971 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti­ tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com­ mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes­ sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Marching to the Music: Songs from the American Labor Movement
    Marching to the Music: Songs from the American Labor Movement Welcome to This Is America with VOA Learning English. Most of the world observes Labor Day on May first. But the United States has its workers holiday on the first Monday in September. Steve Ember and Barbara Klein have a few songs from the history of the American labor movement. Labor songs are traditionally stories of struggle and pride, of timeless demands for respect and the hope for a better life. Sometimes they represent old songs with new words. One example is "We Shall Not Be Moved." It uses the music and many of the same words of an old religious song. Here is folksinger Pete Seeger with "We Shall Not Be Moved." Many classic American labor songs came from workers in the coal mines of the South. Mine owners bitterly opposed unions. In some cases, there was open war between labor activists and coal mine operators. 1 learningenglish.voanews.com |Voice of America| September 2, 2013 Once, in Harlan County, Kentucky, company police searched for union leaders. They went to one man's home but could not find him there. So they waited outside for several days. The coal miner's wife, Florence Reece, remained inside with her children. She wrote this song, "Which Side Are You On?" Again, here is Pete Seeger. Probably the most famous labor songwriter in America was Joe Hill. He was born in Sweden and came to the United States in the early 1900s. He worked as an unskilled laborer. Joe Hill joined the Industrial Workers of the World, known as the Wobblies.
    [Show full text]
  • Posters • • Posters • •
    LABOR HERITAGE FOUNDATION CATALOG 815 16th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20006 www.laborheritage.org 202-639-6204 LABOR MUSIC ART BOOKS FILMS • • film • • film • • film • • Made In L.A. NEW $49 The Corporation $26 A story of struggle, triumph and change. 7 CEOs, 3VPs, 2 Whistleblowers, 1 Broker, This film deftly interweaves the story of the 1 Spy and 1 Really big mess. Corporate groundbreaking boycott and lawsuit; the insiders and critics explore the nature and focus is always on the women themselves, spectacular rise of the most pervasive how they became agents of change, gaining institution of our time. self-confidence and self esteem as they become more deeply involved in the struggle, Norma Rae $10 Sally Field won an Oscar for her performance Strange Fruit NEW $49 as a textile worker in the South who organizes Explores the origins and legacy of Billie a union in her mill. Holiday’s haunting classic, one of the most influential protest songs ever written…the interplay of race, labor, the left, and popular culture that gives rise to the Civil Rights The Big Sellout NEW $49 Movement. This film demonstrates how people are fighting the commodification of basic public 10,000 Black Men Named George $15 goods..it reminds us that there are faces Docudrama about A. Philip Randolph and behind the statistics. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters , the first Black Union in America. A true story February 1 NEW $49 about “the most dangerous man in America.” This film documents what would become the blueprint for non-violent civil rights protests… a movement of ordinary people motivated A Killer Bargain NEW $49 to extraordinary deeds…to assert their basic human dignity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annals of Iowa
    The Annals of Volume 70, Number 2 Iowa Spring 2011 A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY In This Issue SARAH JANE EIKLEBERRY, a doctoral candidate in sport studies at the University of Iowa, considers media treatment of American Indian athlete Mayes McLain during his one season as a football player for the University of Iowa in 1928 after an accomplished career at Haskell Insti- tute, a prominent Indian boarding school with a highly successful athletic program. That media treatment, she shows, was shaped by racial attitudes prevalent at the time. GWEN KAY, associate professor of history at the State University of New York at Oswego, compares the experiences of home economics programs at Iowa’s three Regents institutions, focusing on the threats that they faced during a period of critical change in the 1980s. She shows how internal forces and structures, as well as external pressures, affected how the programs at each institution navigated the challenges of the 1980s. Front Cover The University of Iowa’s student newspaper, the Daily Iowan, compared Mayes McLain, the new star of the university’s football team in 1928 and a transfer from an Indian boarding school, to other Native American players. Typically, sports sections at the time used generic caricatures like the one at the lower left, in place of the fearsome images they had used earlier to represent Pan-Indian cultures. For more on how media treated McLain in the context of racial attitudes prevalent at the time, see Sarah Jane Eikle- berry’s article in this issue. Image from Daily Iowan, November 9, 1928.
    [Show full text]
  • World of Sound Catalog Wholesale List
    WORLD OF SOUND CATALOG WHOLESALE LIST ORGANIZED IN ORDER BASED ON RECORD LABEL Smithsonian Folkways Recordings ◊ Collector Records ◊ Consignment ◊ Cook Records ◊ Dyer-Bennet Records ◊ Fast Folk Musical Magazine ◊ Folkways Records ◊ Monitor Records ◊ Minority Owned Record Enterprises (M.O.R.E.) ◊ Paredon Records ◊ Smithsonian Folkways Special Series Published 3/3/2011 Smithsonian Folkways Recordings CATALOG NO. ALBUM TITLE ALBUM ARTIST YEAR SFW40000 Folkways: The Original Vision Woody Guthrie and Lead Belly 2005 SFW40002 Musics of the Soviet Union Various Artists 1989 SFW40003 Happy Woman Blues Lucinda Williams 1990 SFW40004 Country Songs, Old and New The Country Gentlemen 1990 SFW40005 Jean Ritchie and Doc Watson at Folk City Jean Ritchie and Doc Watson 1990 SFW40006 Cajun Social Music Various Artists 1990 SFW40007 Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs Woody Guthrie 1989 SFW40008 Broadside Tapes 1 Phil Ochs 1989 SFW40009 Freight Train and Other North Carolina Folk Songs and Tunes Elizabeth Cotten 1989 SFW40010 Lead Belly Sings Folk Songs Lead Belly 1989 SFW40011 Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry Sing Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee 1990 SFW40012 The Doc Watson Family The Doc Watson Family 1990 SFW40013 Family Songs and Stories from the North Carolina Mountains Doug and Jack Wallin 1995 SFW40014 Puerto Rican Music in Hawaii Various Artists 1989 SFW40015 Hawaiian Drum Dance Chants: Sounds of Power in Time Various Artists 1989 Musics of Hawai'i: Anthology of Hawaiian Music - Special Festival SFW40016 Various Artists 1989 Edition SFW40017 Tuva: Voices from the Center of Asia Various Artists 1990 SFW40018 Darling Corey/Goofing-Off Suite Pete Seeger 1993 SFW40019 Lightnin' Hopkins Lightnin' Hopkins 1990 SFW40020 Mountain Music of Peru, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Musics of STRUGGLE
    Musics OF STRUGGLE Anthony Seeger INTRODUCTION will present some of the music they have used in their If music were not a powerful resource in social and struggles, and you will have an opportunity to contrib­ political struggles it would not be so widely censored, ute your own songs of struggle to the archives of the controlled, and surrounded with restrictions. All around Smithsonian Institution's Office of Folklife Programs by the world music creates loyalties and galvanizes oppo­ singing them to collectors at the Festival. This short sition so well that music itself sometimes becomes an essay outlines some general features of music in social object of struggle, rather than an expression of broader struggles. By no means complete, readers can supple­ issues. Americans with long memories will recall the ment it with examples from their own experience and politically motivated artist blacklisting in the 1950s, the with the books and records cited in the bibliography. 1 moral furor over the Rolling Stones in the 1960s, and many other so-called "crises" that prefigured today's uneasiness about rap and heavy metal. As I write, How Is Music MEANINGFUL? several states are debating record labeling statutes, Music consists of structured sounds, including pitches Newsweek presents a cover story on rap music (March that are combined to form melodies, beats that are 19, 1990 with letters in subsequent issues), and Gary combined to form rhythms, and sound textures that are Trudeau's comic strip "Doonesbury" caricatures the combined to form what musicians call timbres. Repeti­ generational, exclusionary, aspects of American popu­ tive patterns are central to all music, and the patterns are lar music (Tbe Washington Post, March 5-10, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • World of Sound Catalog #2
    WORLD OF SOUND CATALOG #2 ORGANIZED IN ORDER BASED ON RECORD LABEL Smithsonian Folkways Recordings ◊ Archives and Research Centre for Ethnomusicology (A.R.C.E.) ◊ Collector Records ◊ Consignment ◊ Cook Records ◊ Dyer-Bennet Records ◊ Fast Folk Musical Magazine ◊ Folkways Records ◊ International Library of African Music (I.L.A.M.) ◊ Monitor Records ◊ Minority Owned Record Enterprises (M.O.R.E.) ◊ Paredon Records ◊ Smithsonian Folkways Special Series *Note – CD price is included here but other formats may also be available including Downloads, Cassette and Vinyl. Published 3/2/2011 Smithsonian Folkways Recordings CATALOG NO. ALBUM TITLE ALBUM ARTIST YEAR CD PRICE* SFW40000 Folkways: The Original Vision Woody Guthrie and Lead Belly 2005 $15.00 SFW40002 Musics of the Soviet Union Various Artists 1989 $15.00 SFW40003 Happy Woman Blues Lucinda Williams 1990 $15.00 SFW40004 Country Songs, Old and New The Country Gentlemen 1990 $15.00 SFW40005 Jean Ritchie and Doc Watson at Folk City Jean Ritchie and Doc Watson 1990 $15.00 SFW40006 Cajun Social Music Various Artists 1990 $15.00 SFW40007 Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs Woody Guthrie 1989 $15.00 SFW40008 Broadside Tapes 1 Phil Ochs 1989 $15.00 SFW40009 Freight Train and Other North Carolina Folk Songs and Tunes Elizabeth Cotten 1989 $15.00 SFW40010 Lead Belly Sings Folk Songs Lead Belly 1989 $15.00 Sonny Terry and Brownie SFW40011 Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry Sing 1990 $15.00 McGhee SFW40012 The Doc Watson Family The Doc Watson Family 1990 $15.00 SFW40013 Family Songs and Stories from the North
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Jews in the American Labor Movement
    A SHORT HISTORY OF JEWS IN THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT By Bennett Muraskin German-speaking Jews who arrived in the United States in the mid-19 th century spread across the U.S. and tended to be merchants and shopkeepers. Yiddish-speaking Jews from Eastern Europe who arrived in the U.S. beginning in the 1880s settled in the big cities and tended to be workers. The conditions they faced were daunting. Low wages, long hours, unsafe workplaces and overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing were the norm. Most of these Jewish immigrants came from small towns and were not prepared for the noise, dirt, congestion, disease and crime rampant in the great American cities of that period. Some even turned to crime and prostitution. However, they were free of the anti-Semitic laws and violence that plagued them in Eastern Europe. Their children were entitled to a free public education and once they became citizens, they could vote and participate in the political process. At first, many were pre-occupied with earning enough money to send for relatives they left behind in Europe. From the beginning, Jews gravitated to the garment industry in part because they had experience as tailors in Eastern Europe. It did not take long before they began to see trade unions as the path their economic and social progress. However, before going any further, it is necessary to recognize one of the most important Jewish personalities in the history of the American labor movement, Samuel Gompers. Gompers came to US from England in 1863. His parents came from Holland, with ancestry dating back to Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • “He Was an Inspiration to Us All” Introduction. Music, Memory, And
    Notes “He Was an Inspiration to us All” 1. Charles Seeger recorded seven of John Handcox’s songs in 1937. They are avail- able from the Office of Folklife at the Library of Congress, as well as in diskette from University of West Virginia Press, John L. Handcox. 2. Alan Lomax, Woody Guthrie, and Pete Seeger, Hard Hitting Songs for Hard-Hit People (New York: Oak Publications, 1967, reprinted by University of Nebraska Press, 1999). Introduction. Music, Memory, and History 1. A simple definition of a “folk” song is one that is widely known and sung but for which we don’t know the author. “John Henry” is a good example: sung by people from every walk of life and region, with verses added or subtracted as needed, but with no known author. How do such iconic songs come to be? The top hits of folk songs sort themselves out based on how many folks keep singing them. Some of these are “songs of persuasion” that make it into popular commercial culture. John’s songs, by contrast, have a known author and drew upon the familiar melodies and song structures of the folks he grew up with and the religious musical culture he inherited. He was not a “folk” musician but he so grounded his music in the heavily religious black song tradition that Serge R. Denisoff thought John was a preacher and raised on a plantation (wrong on both scores); Sing A Song of Social Significance. Bowling Green University: Popular Press, 1972, 55; Great Day Coming: Folk Music and the American Left.
    [Show full text]
  • I L L TIE Filtl
    ill TIE FilTl The Story of a Song from the Sawdust Trail to the Picket Line m PAUL I. SCHEIPS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS • CITY OF WASHINGTON . 1971 SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY • NUMBER 9 HOLD THE FI1T! THE STORY OF A SONG FROM THE SAWDUST TRAIL TO THE PICKET LINE by Paul J. Scheips SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1971 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti­ tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com­ mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes­ sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields.
    [Show full text]
  • 'N' Reality; Mirrors of Rock Music: Its Relationship to Sex, Drugs, Family and Religion
    REFERENCE LIST: Book (13) Balmford, E. Lynn. Rock 'N' Reality; Mirrors of Rock Music: Its Relationship to Sex, Drugs, Family and Religion. Salt Lake City, Utah: Hawkes Publications 1971. Print.Based on E. Lynn Balmforth's 1971 Master's Thesis, BYU Department of Church History and Doctrine; Preface by W. Cleon Skousen. Cantwell, Robert S. When We Were Good: The Folk Revival. Harvard University Press, 1997. Print.A scholarly study of American urban folk music revival. Cheney, Thomas Edward Mormon Songs from the Rocky Mountains : A Compilation of Mormon Folksong. University of Texas Press, 1968. Print.Re-issued 1981 by University of Utah Press. Filene, Benjamin. Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music. University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Print.A scholarly study of American urban folk music revival. Hennacy, Ammon. Book of Ammon. 1964. Print.Memoir of Ammon Hennacy, Catholic Worker Movement supporter who established the “Joe Hill House of Hospitality” in Salt Lake City, Utah. ---. The Joe Hill Memorial Committee Presents If I Were Free : A Collection of Songs Sung Every Friday Night at the Joe Hill House for Transients and Migrants, 3462 South on Fourth West, Salt Lake City, Utah. Utah Wobbly Press 1967. Print. Hubbard, Lester A. Ballads and Songs from Utah. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 1961. Print. Industrial Workers of the World. Songs of the Workers : To Fan the Flames of Discontent. 35th ed. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, 1990. Print. McCormick, John S. , and John R. Sillito. A History of Utah Radicalism: Startling, Socialistic, and Decidedly Revolutionary.
    [Show full text]