A Wolf on the Hunt: Researcher Relates Intimate Encounter

Home , Black wolf, The Encounter (novel), Vermin

A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL WOLF CENTER SUMMER 2000

A Wolf on the Hunt: Researcher Relates Intimate Encounter Symposium Attracts World-Renowned Wolf Experts Leave Perhaps the most precious thing you can pass on to your children is a your world where nature and humans children coexist in a mutually beneficial relationship. stock in Through the International something Wolf Center’s Alpha Legacy Program, too you can help preserve this commodity for valuable future generations. This program recognizes the to trade. generosity and foresight of those who have included the Center in their estate plans. Together, we’re working to ensure the survival of wolves. For information on how you can participate, please contact Walter Medwid, Executive Director, 5930 Brooklyn Boulevard, Minneapolis, MN 55429, (612)560-7374. Or e-mail [email protected]. International Wolf Center

Your Four-Season Resort Cabins and lakeside suites Restaurant and lounge — waterfront dining 8-bedroom retreat cabin — 6000 sq. ft. with sauna ELY, MN Naturalist program & children’s activities White Iron chain of lakes (20 miles of water) Direct BWCAW water entry Large hot tub room Fishing, boating, canoeing, swimming ❆ Hiking, x-c skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling Lakeside camping — RV full hook-ups Canoe day-tripping

www.silverrapidslodge.com 800-950-9425 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 1

THE QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL WOLF CENTER VOLUME 10, NO. 2 SUMMER 2000 Features Departments 4 3 From the Executive Director Close Encounter of the “Wolf ” Kind 12 International Wolf Center Notes From the Field Wolf Researcher Amy Jacobs describes her incredible experience with wolves during her research in 17 Tracking the Pack Yellowstone, where she almost got “run over” by a wolf! 18 Wolves of the World

William Rideg, Kishenehn Wildlife Works Amy Jacobs 8 21 As a Matter of Fact Beyond 2000: Realities of 22 Wolf Tracks Global Wolf Restoration Many of the world’s pre-eminent wolf 24 News and Notes researchers, managers, advocates, and federal and state representatives came together in 25 Wolf Tales; Wolf Trails February to discuss the realities of wolf restoration world-wide during a symposium that attracted approximately 600 people. 27 Wild Kids Cornelia Hutt and Steve Grooms 28 A Look Beyond

Tungalagtuya Khuukhenduu of the On The Cover Mongolian Association for the Cover and interior artwork by Eva-Lena Conservation of Nature and the Rehnmark. Rehnmark is an artist living in Environment speaks on the status of the California who has focused her creative wolf in Mongolia during the symposium’s talents on environmental subjects. IUCN Wolf Specialist Group meeting. Rehnmark’s first published book, Neither God, Nor Devil, Re-Thinking Our Perspective of Wolves will be published this fall by Pomegranate Communications. William Rideg, Kishenehn Wildlife Works IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 2

Publications Director Editorial Note: The International Wolf restoration for fear of muddling their Mary Ortiz Center greatly appreciates all the feedback message and mission. Managing Editor we received regarding our proposed expanded International Wolf Center has the Amy Farrar mission to include educating the public about ability to lead the way in the next phase Technical Editor the importance of wildlands to the survival of wolf conservation, by encouraging L. David Mech of the wolf. As evidenced here, most of the all wolf advocates to support wild- Consulting Editor readers who responded favored our proposal. lands preservation and restoration as Lynette D’Amico We reiterate our stance as wolf educators part of their wolf efforts. Only through Graphic Designer in response to the letters below. Some letters this broader vision will the public Tricia Hull have been edited to save space. understand that the goal of wolf International Wolf (1089-683X) is recovery is not only to ensure the published quarterly and copyrighted, survival of one species, but to restore 2000, by the International Wolf Center, Wildlands 5930 Brooklyn Boulevard, Minneapolis, the health, biodiversity, and wildness Minnesota 55429-2518, USA. email: I was thrilled to read that the center of the land. [email protected]. All rights reserved. is proposing to change your mission For all things wild and free, Membership in the International Wolf to include the importance of wild- Kristin DeBoer Center includes a subscription to lands to the wolf’s survival. As the RESTORE: The North Woods International Wolf magazine, free admission wolf recovery coordinator for the to the Center, and discounts on programs Wolves do not exist in a vacuum. I and merchandise. • Lone Wolf member- group RESTORE: The North Woods, ships are U.S. $28 • Wolf Pack $50 • we have also been striving to get fully support the expansion of the Wolf Associate $100 • Wolf Sponsor $500 this message out to the public. International Wolf Center’s mission • Alpha Wolf $1000. Canada and other RESTORE is not only working to statement to include teaching the countries, add U.S. $15 per year for restore the wolf to the Northeastern importance of the wolf’s need for airmail postage, $7 for surface postage. Contact the International Wolf Center, United States, we are also proposing wildlands. As protected wolf pop- 1396 Highway 169, Ely, MN 55731-8129, the creation of a new 3.2 million- ulations continue to grow and begin USA; email: [email protected]; acres Maine Woods National Park to press against human-dominated 1-800-ELY-WOLF by purchasing land from the private landscapes, the very real danger International Wolf is a forum for airing paper companies that own most of exists that a backlash of public senti- facts, ideas and attitudes about wolf- the potential wolf habitat in northern ment against wolf-caused domestic related issues. Articles and materials printed in International Wolf do not Maine. This national park would animal mortality might [result in] necessarily reflect the viewpoint of the be the “Yellowstone of the East” by anti-wolf prejudice that the IWC, International Wolf Center or its board providing a sanctuary where wolves among others, has worked so hard to of directors. and the whole range of native wildlife overcome. Wolves that are acceptable International Wolf welcomes submissions could recover and flourish. in a wilderness area or backcountry of personal adventures with wolves and In the last decade, it seems as if the national forest become much less wolf photographs (especially black and white). Prior to submission of other debate about the connection between popular when Fluffy or Rover turns types of manuscripts, address queries wolves and wilderness has shifted. As into some wolf’s dinner. The concept to Mary Ortiz, publications director. wolves began to be restored to parts that people living in semi-wild areas International Wolf is printed entirely of their former habitat, scientists need to accept certain risks and with soy ink on recycled and recyclable realized that wolves do not techni- modify their behavior correspondingly paper (text pages contain 20% post- cally require wilderness to survive. is one that certainly could be a consumer waste, cover paper contains challenge for the Center to get across 10% post-consumer waste). We encourage However, this finding has [implied] you to recycle this magazine. a divorce between the age-old union in its teachings. Education almost always includes PHOTOS: Unless otherwise noted, or between wolves and wilderness; as obvious from the caption or article text, a result, many wolf advocacy groups advocacy. We would still believe the photos are of captive wolves. are reluctant to support wildlands continued on page 26

2 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 3

INTERNATIONAL From the Executive Director WOLF CENTER

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Nancy jo Tubbs Chair fter years of planning and countless preparatory meetings, the Dr. L. David Mech Vice Chair International Wolf Center’s third international wolf symposium is Dr. Rolf O. Peterson now history. Nearly 600 participants from 44 states and 29 countries Secretary A Paul B. Anderson gathered in Duluth in late February to learn and share their wolf knowledge, Treasurer experiences and perspectives. We were especially proud to sponsor the IUCN World Conservation Union’s Wolf Specialist Group meeting under the Dr. Larry D. Anderson umbrella of the symposium. The global look at wolf issues brought varied Phillip DeWitt and rich perspectives to the seemingly eternal debate on wolf and human Thomas T. Dwight Nancy Gibson coexistence. Many important sponsors and contributors (see page 11) made the Helene Grimaud symposium possible, and we are most appreciative of their support. Cornelia Hutt Our third international symposium was indeed a milestone for us this year, but Dr. Robert Laud what is even more significant is that we are celebrating our fifteenth anniversary Tom Micheletti Mike Phillips as an organization. From the catalyst of Dr. Robert Ream the Science Museum of Minnesota’s The global Ellen Sampson donation of the Wolves and Humans look at wolf Paul Schurke exhibit to the International Wolf Center Teri Williams issues brought in 1985 to this year’s symposium, many Pat Woodworth varied and rich good things have happened at the perspectives... Center in the intervening years. First and MISSION foremost, the dream of building an inter- The International Wolf pretive center with exhibits, a resident Center supports the survival of the wolf around pack of wolves, a range of programs and multitudes of visitors from around the world by teaching the country and globe, became a reality in 1993 with the opening of its doors about its life, its association with other species and its to the world. Visitors have come in the thousands and now, hundreds of dynamic relationships thousands (see Notes From the Field, page 12 for a detailed timeline of events to humans. over the past fifteen years). Educational services and informational A number of accomplishments have carried us toward our goals, including our resources are available at 1396 Highway 169 symposia, publications, educational programs, field trips, the many visitors to Ely, MN 55731-8129, USA our Center or Web site, and even the questions from school children we answer. 1-800-ELY-WOLF 1-218-365-4695 Dr. Djuro Huber, a wolf researcher from Croatia, affirmed our greatest hope during e-mail address: a recent visit to our facility that the success of the Center stands as a beacon of [email protected] hope for a day when wolves and humans will coexist around the world. ■ Web site: http://www.wolf.org

International Wolf Summer 2000 3 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 4

4 International Wolf Spring 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 5

uring all my wolf watching in Yellowstone National My favorite Park, I never thought I’d almost be run over by a wolf. DBut that’s exactly what happened. encounter occurred Winter is the best time to observe wolves in Yellowstone. Twice a year, the Wolf Project conducts a 30-day intensive monitoring study primarily to determine, from the air and on December 14, ground, kill rate of the reintroduced wolf packs. Crews of two people are assigned to each of the three packs on the Northern 1998, in Lamar Range in the northeastern corner of the park. Starting well before sunrise, we work until nightfall, monitoring the wolves’ movements, recording kills and behavior, and collecting spec- Valley while imens. Monitoring flights take place daily, weather permitting, to locate the Northern Range packs as well as wolves whose watching the territories in the interior of the park are not visible from the road. I have participated in five such studies, and have been Rose Creek Pack. very fortunate to observe some amazing interactions with the wolves. My favorite encounter occurred on December 14, 1998, in Lamar Valley while watching the Rose Creek Pack. The Rose Creek pack The Rose Creek Pack at that time consisted of 21 wolves, including the famous matriarch of the park, wolf 9 and her mate, wolf 8. At 7:50 a.m., my partner and I located the Rose Creek Pack by radio telemetry in one of its regular travel routes. Chances of actually seeing the wolves in this area are average, so my partner went to collect specimens from a wolf-kill with another project volunteer, while I climbed up the hill to try to see some wolves. When I reached the ridge, I listened for signals by radio telemetry. This useful scientific tool picks up signals from radio collars worn by some of the wolves. The receiver and antenna were registering loud, clear Close Encounter of the “Wolf ” Kind BY AMY JACOBS

International Wolf Summer 2000 5 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 6

beeps, telling me that the wolves disappeared into a gully, and when they running right over my gear and were within the line of sight and not reappeared, the calf seemed to trip, and directly under the rock I was sitting traveling. I quickly set up and spread I saw through the scope the black wolf on. It happened so quickly, I did not out my gear, then put on extra layers clamp onto its hindquarters. realize I was clutching the radio in of clothing. Within minutes I spotted At this point the plane arrived and my hand, asking the aircrew if they the 21 wolves, bedded on a slope was circling the main pack and elk were watching any of this. about a mile away. I began to record herd. I radioed the aircrew to alert By this time, the two animals were data on my Dictaphone, holding it them that I had seen a black wolf right under me. I must have moved, or close to the scope so I could talk and attack a calf, but they were now out the wolf must have noticed me then watch the wolves simultaneously. of sight. Not a second later, the calf because it released its grip, and the was again in my scope and running calf escaped down the trail. The wolf, The chase with the black wolf right behind it. now as stunned as I was, spun around, The wolves started to stir and by They were heading toward me, about and instead of rejoining the rest of the 8:15 a.m. they were up and traveling a half-mile away. Again the two toward a big herd of elk cows and disappeared, and I radioed the plane calves. A chase began, and I focused inquiring if they had seen the chase on a gray wolf testing a group of elk as I frantically searched for the that had broken away from the main animals in my scope. running herd. I was too far away to Suddenly I heard a noise and positively identify any of the wolves. looked up to see the calf 50 yards As I scanned ahead of the gray wolf, from me and still running in my I saw that a calf had left the main direction! After staring in disbelief herd and was running with a black for what seemed like an eternity, wolf hot on its trail. The chase was I realized that the calf was heading still about a mile away but headed right for me. I jumped up, dropping in my direction. The wolf and calf the Dictaphone beside me. This action startled and stopped the calf, allowing the black wolf to catch up and grab its hindquarters again. On the run Now I really couldn’t believe my eyes. There I stood, gear and contents of my pack spread in a circle around me, the elk calf with a black wolf attached closing in. I yelled and waved my arms, but the calf continued toward me.

Courtesy of Yellowstone National Park Courtesy of Yellowstone Realizing I had no time to Researchers collar two wolves for tracking get out of the way, I ran a few steps, purposes. The biologists are (back, left to then ran back, grabbed the 2-way right): Wayne Brewster, Ed Bangs, and John Varley; (front, left to right): Deb Guernsey, radio and sprinted to a boulder Doug Smith, the author, Amy Jacobs, and about 15 feet away and jumped on Carrie Schaefer. top. When I turned around, I could see the calf with the attached wolf

6 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 7

through my whole set-up. You can clearly hear the calf getting closer and closer and the wolf panting as it ran right over the Dictaphone. Suddenly I The whole experience lasted about five minutes. In all my time working ynn Rogers L with wolves in Yellowstone, I have heard a noise pack, ran full speed back to where been fortunate to see rare occurrences, they had been bedded that morning. like wolves playing with black bears, No one else witnessed my experi- or killing elk, yearlings sliding down and looked up ence, except for a coyote that had the snow, and pups playing in front of been sitting behind me all morning. the den, but never before have I almost The best part of the encounter was been run over by a wolf. ■ that in all the excitement, I had to see the calf accidentally left the Dictaphone Amy Jacobs has been working with running. The tape recorded my initial wolves, captive and wild, since 1992. response when the calf first showed She began work in Yellowstone with the Wolf Project in January of 1997. 50 yards from up, then the wolf, then the calf She is currently working on a Master’s bellowing as the wolf grabbed it, me Degree with Dr. Rolf Peterson, rustling around to get out of the way, studying leadership behavior in wolf me and still and then the chase running right packs in Yellowstone National Park. running in my direction!

The Rose Creek Pack gathers at Slough Creek, Yellowstone National Park. Doug Smith

International Wolf Summer 2000 7 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 8

Beyond 2000 Bob Landis. A highlight of the symposium was the premier showing of a new National Geographic documentary, Return of the Wolf. The film depicts the lives of wolves with great authenticity. The wolf on the left, called ‘Cinderella’ by the filmmaker, is an “omega” or “scapegoat” wolf.

BY CORNELIA HUTT AND STEVE GROOMS

8 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 9

If you weren’t lucky enough to attend the recent symposium in Duluth, BEYOND 2000: REALITIES OF GLOBAL WOLF RESTORATION, you might wonder what you missed. Though it isn’t possible to summarize a four-day conference in a few words, we can share some highlights and attempt to convey the sense of the excitement this event created. was Beyond Terrific

So many rooms, countries were represented. The so many views symposium included more than 130 papers. The topics varied, but In one room Paul Paquet is about most presented either fresh perspec- to discuss the feasibility of reintro- tives on wolf management or the ducing wolves to the Adirondack latest wolf research findings; some Park. Meanwhile, in another room, dealt with wolf advocacy or wolf Brian Kelly is rising to describe the education issues. extraordinary challenges facing managers trying to save the red wolf from coyote hybridization. In yet Larger than life another room, also at the same Virtually every attendee made moment, Tom Stillday is telling stories time to see two remarkable wolf about historical interactions between films. One was an Omnimax wolves and some indigenous peoples. presentation of Wolves, a film by the And in a nearby room, at the very National Wildlife Federation. same time, Christoph Promberger is Because of the unique Omnimax at the podium to give a fascinating screen, viewers were treated to close- Steve Grooms talk on large predators in Romania. ups of wolves that appeared to be So many intriguing presentations! the size of bungalows, and if you Above: Wolf Educator Mary Maule demonstrated how to make a full-sized model wolf to teach So little time! And you can only be looked closely you could see fleas the children about wolves. Mary’s wolf was in one place at a time. size of beagles squirming through anatomically accurate but expensive to build. Beyond 2000 was a huge success. their fur. The film included footage Below: A “bounty hunter” advertises during the member luncheon hosted by the International It attracted about 600 attendees, and shot underground in a den as a Wolf Center. those people were a remarkably wolf nursed her pups. diverse lot. Included were many The other movie was the world of the world’s pre-eminent wolf premier screening of Return of the researchers, managers, and advocates. Wolf. Filmed in Yellowstone Park by Others were simply outdoor-minded Bob Landis for National Geographic, folk who find wolves cool. Return of the Wolf will air on public Presenters were equally diverse. television sometime this fall. Wolf They came from all over the United fans will definitely want to record it.

States and from such countries as As wolf researcher Dave Mech pointed UMD Photographer Brett Groeler, China, Sweden, Spain, Croatia, out, this film sets a new standard Mexico and Mongolia. In all, 29 for showing wolves interacting

International Wolf Summer 2000 9 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 10

naturally with prey species and with highly stylized head-high trot when other wolves. It simply wasn’t closely pursued by wolves. This is possible to photograph such scenes actually an inefficient way for elk to until wolves were returned to the run, and that is exactly the point. The open vistas of Yellowstone Park and message these elk might be sending became accustomed to the presence to wolves is clear: You might as well of human observers. look somewhere else for your next “Return of the Wolf” presents meal because you’re never going to unforgettable sequences of wolves catch me! hunting elk. Many researchers have Conversely, unfit or injured elk

J. Henry Fair studied wolves for a lifetime without didn’t seem capable of running with Hélène Grimaud (left), world-renowned witnessing an entire chase and kill, the stylized trot of vigorous elk. They concert pianist, signs compact disks so they joined other attendees in rapt kept their heads more level and while author Nancy Gibson signs attention as dramas of life-and-death galloped as fast as they could. Wolves books for enthusiastic fans. contests played out on the screen. A in the film clearly spotted this sign of major figure in the film is the wolf weakness and targeted these elk, Landis called ‘Cinderella’, a low- often successfully. ranking female who was barely toler- In an evening session, researcher ated by other wolves in her pack. In Christoph Promberger entertained one gripping sequence, a careless attendees with footage of the coyote pays the ultimate price for nocturnal activities of a wolf pack in trying to filch a meal from one of the Romania. The film was shot by a BBC

J. Henry Fair packs’ elk kills. crew using special night vision Mike Phillips (left), International Wolf cameras. Although this pack lived in Center board member, presents Dave Scenes never before seen Parsons, formerly with the U.S. Fish mountainous terrain most of the and Wildlife Service, with an award In any symposium, a buzz goes year, each summer, it established a den in recognition of Parsons’ exemplary out about which presentations are close to a sizable city so pack members work in Mexican wolf recovery. must-see events. At this symposium, could conduct nightly raids for food in some informed attendees told friends town. The special cameras used light that Dan MacNulty’s research on from the night sky to follow wolves wolf-elk interactions was a talk they trotting by shopping malls, crossing didn’t dare miss. highways by using overhead bridges, MacNulty, working with raw and waiting for trains to roll by so they footage shot by Bob Landis, analyzed could cross the tracks. The wolves the ways healthy elk signal to wolves typically checked a sheep pen in town

J. Henry Fair that they aren’t worth chasing. It is to see if the guard dogs were alert and Paul Paquet (right) shares his not in the interest of either species for then, if all other options failed, they knowledge of wolves with two other wolves to expend energy chasing elk foraged for offal in the town dump. conference attendees. Paquet, from that are so fit they cannot be caught. Promberger’s witty commentary kept the Conservation Biology Institute, spoke on gray wolf reintroduction By studying film of chases, MacNulty the audience laughing throughout feasibility in New York State’s proposed that healthy elk adopt a his presentation. Adirondack Park. Bob Landis.

10 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 11

It is difficult to convey the energy and accepted questions from the Our special thanks to the and level of audience interest in these audience. Representatives from the following contributors and presentations. Ed Bangs, a charismatic Minnesota Department of Natural sponsors who made possible speaker and the team leader for the Resources (including Commissioner the International Wolf Center’s federal effort to restore wolves in the Allen Garber), the U.S. Fish and Beyond 2000: Realities of northern Rockies, had to give his talk Wildlife Service, and the Minnesota Global Wolf Restoration earlier than the program indicated. Legislature talked about prospects for When a crowd showed up on achieving consensus on a Minnesota symposium: schedule to hear Bangs’ speech and wolf management plan. The main found him just finishing instead, points of agreement were that Contributors include: they were so disappointed they compromise on a plan will be difficult, Target Stores staged a noisy protest. Bangs jumped but most participants recognize the The Wirtanen Family Fund back on the podium and delivered his urgency of creating a plan that is of the Duluth-Superior Area presentation again, flashing slides on acceptable to the legislature and Community Foundation the screen with stroboscopic speed. federal administrators. Elmer L. and Eleanor J. Andersen The last day was devoted to Foundation Howling participants educators. Teachers and community and cookie jars outreach specialists discussed the Ballantine Family Fund A multi-day wolf symposium like most effective ways of communi- The Beim Foundation this is a large, complex event. cating facts about wolves to young- Harold W. Sweatt Foundation This one offered a great variety of sters and concerned citizens. experiences, assuring that there was After the regularly scheduled The Casey Albert T. O’Neil something fun to do for all attendees events, participants had a chance to Foundation at any given moment. take part in field trips. Some went At an auction, wolf fans bid on to Ely to visit the International Wolf In addition to the International such rare items as a radio collar Center, where they took part in a Wolf Center, sponsors include: from a Yellowstone wolf and a spiked variety of adventures and enjoyed a sumptuous wild game dinner. Others University College at the guard dog collar, or Carlanca, from University of Minnesota Duluth Spain. Spirited bidding on these viewed wolf habitat in northwestern and a few humorous objects raised Wisconsin and howled to wolves U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funds to support International Wolf with researcher Adrian Wydeven. U.S. Forest Service Center programs. The people attending the symposium, from famous researchers to Minnesota Department Wolf-related merchandise from of Natural Resources the Center’s store was offered for sale. average outdoors-minded folks with a Attendees could buy wolf sweat- special interest in wolves, all seemed Michigan Department shirts, books, videos, stuffed toys to enjoy this special opportunity to of Natural Resources and art. A popular item was a wolf meet and share their enthusiasm about Wisconsin Department cookie jar that howled when opened. wolves. Wolf advocates drew energy of Natural Resources Wolf authors made themselves from each other, scientists shared available one evening to sign their cutting edge research results, and We extend a heartfelt thank-you to books for wolf fans. everyone came away with new the Center’s volunteers, and those One large room was mostly filled perspectives on one of the world’s who spontaneously helped where with poster presentations of wolf most interesting and complex animals. needed. In addition, we thank the research and political activities. Since a symposium like this only many generous organizations and Wildlife photographer and renowned happens every five years, it isn’t too early individuals who donated items bear researcher Lynn Rogers sold to begin anticipating the next one. ■ for the silent and live auctions. his photos there. Several nearby booths demonstrated the activities Cornelia Hutt is a wolf advocate, educator, and International Wolf Center For abstracts describing what each of advocacy groups and wolf centers. board member who lives in Purcelville, expert presented at the symposium, please A panel of participants in the Virginia. Steve Grooms, a writer living Minnesota Roundtable wolf manage- in St. Paul, has recently revised his visit our Web site, at www.wolf.org. ment plan discussed their positions book, The Return of the Wolf.

International Wolf Summer 2000 11 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:31 AM Page 12

INTERNATIONAL WOLF CENTER Notes from the Field

1985–2000: International 15 Years and Still Howling! Wolf Center Celebrates 15 Years t’s amazing to think that the International Wolf Center Iis celebrating its 15th anniversary! What a howl it’s 1985 1991 been! The timeline that follows recaps some of the ➤ A committee for an ➤ The International highlights over the years from the development and international wolf center Wolf Center office in evolution of a wolf center with an international perspec- forms, led by renowned Minneapolis, Minnesota tive to the International Wolf Center as we know it today. scientist L. David Mech, moves from the basement So when in the timeline of 15 years do you fit in? when the Science Museum of a staff person’s home to of Minnesota agrees to commercial office space. Were you one of the first members to join in 1989 when donate its Wolves and there were only about 1,150 members whose support Humans exhibit for a laid the foundation of what has grown to a membership permanent display. base of around 9,500? Did you attend the first International Wolf Symposium in 1990 where you met 1987 colleagues and made friends who you saw again at the ➤ Ely, Minnesota, is chosen 1995 Wolves and Humans 2000 and the recent Beyond as the site for a flagship 2000 symposia? Maybe you’ve visited the Center in Ely educational facility. since its grand opening in 1993 and watched Kiana, 1988 Dan Grandmaison Lucas, MacKenzie and Lakota grow from fuzzy pups to ➤ The first paid staff person magnificent adults? Perhaps you’ve searched the 1992 is hired in Minneapolis. Center’s Web site since 1995 for a wide variety of ➤ The International Wolf information or a little bit of shopping? Or, are you a Center breaks ground 1990 for its Ely facility. member of the Speakers Bureau or a volunteer whose ➤ The Minnesota Legislature contributions have been invaluable over many years? grants $1.2 million for 1993 Whenever you joined the International Wolf Center, construction of the ➤ The Center opens to your presence in this timeline has made a difference! International Wolf Center. rave reviews with 60,000 visitors its first summer. ➤ The committee hosts an Kiana, Lucas, MacKenzie international wolf sympo- and Lakota are brought sium in St. Paul, Minnesota. in at three weeks of age

Patrick Tilbury to become the Center’s ➤ The inaugural issue resident wolf pack. of International Wolf is published. 1994 ➤ Anders Bjärvall travels from Sweden to become the Center’s first of several international guest speakers.

➤ The Center is featured on NBC and CBS national television news.

12 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 13

1998 ➤ Web site tallies 3.5 million hits. 1995 Romancing ➤ In partnership with the the Wolf University of Minnesota- usband and wife Duluth, the Center hosts team Perry and its second symposium, H Terra Crampton, Wolves and Humans 2000, International Wolf Center International Wolf International Wolf attracting 550 scientists Center members and wolf enthusiasts from ➤ A $750,000 expansion since 1993, surprised around the world. to the Center adds a 125-seat wolf-viewing Wolf Den store manager Carol ➤ Djuro Huber, from theater and classroom. Kramer with tattoos Croatia, is the international of the running wolves guest speaker. ➤ Kiana, the beta female of from the International the resident pack, dies unex- Allison Devers Wolf Center’s logo ➤ A grant from the pectedly of natural causes. Husband and wife Perry and Terra on their respective Crampton, International Wolf Center Legislative Commission right upper arms at members since 1993, display the wolf on Minnesota Resources 1999 the Beyond 2000 tattoos on their arms that serve as a funds creation of the ➤ constant reminder of their commitment The Minnesota Legislature symposium. Carol Center’s information to help restore wolves in Mexico. approves funding for a commented, “I am resources department and teacher curriculum, work- not really into tattoos, but the detail on them was the Web site, www.wolf.org. shops and a traveling exhibit. wonderful!” Perry and Terra’s home base is Flagstaff, Arizona, where they have made it their mission to 1996 ➤ Year-round staff grows to support and volunteer for Mexican wolf recovery. ➤ The organization’s annual 20 positions. When asked about the reason for their tattoos, Terra operating budget tops commented, “As unusual as it may seem, we wanted $1 million. 2000 a way to keep the wolves foremost in our thoughts ➤ The Center and the and decided that a wolf tattoo would be a constant ➤ Alistair Bath, from University of Minnesota, reminder of their precarious state and our commitment Canada, is the international Duluth hosts its third to help restore them.” guest speaker. international symposium, At the symposium, Terra and Perry covered presenta- Beyond 2000: Realities of tions and sessions by dividing up during the day, and 1997 Global Wolf Restoration, shared information in the evening over a glass of wine. ➤ The Center’s programs are in Duluth, Minnesota. Immediately after the symposium, they flew to New featured on BBC radio and Mexico to participate in meetings concerning Mexican in Travel Holiday magazine. ➤ Excitement builds around wolf recovery. Of their purpose, they added, “People plans to introduce arctic wolf need to understand the natural keystone role wolves ➤ Francisco Petrucci- pups to the Center’s resident play in many ecosystems.” Perry and Terra got their Fonseca, from Portugal, is pack in the summer and a wolf tattoos on Valentine’s Day, 1999. the international guest new exhibit for children. speaker.

International Wolf Summer 2000 13 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 14

INTERNATIONAL WOLF CENTER Notes from the Field

Long-Distance hear the wolves howl Matthew Chamberlain, age back. It felt like we were 10, Jake Burrill, age 10, Learning surrounded by them,” and Chantelle Natale, age his past winter, Caitlin said. 9. When asked what she Tchaperone Larry Ross Initial inspiration to get had learned about the wolf took Caitlin Ross, age 10, involved in wolf issues controversy in Maine, she and four of her schoolmates came when Caitlin heard replied, “The wolf debate to the International Wolf an educational speaker at in our region is very school. Caitlin realized, “I complicated, almost like a

Larry Ross Center in Ely, Minnesota. could be a person that see-saw. From left to right: Caitlin Ross They had made it their (age 10), Chantelle Natale (age 9), goal to learn about wolves would help wolves get back Since the trip, Caitlin Matthew Chamberlin (age 10) and promote wolf reintro- in Maine…the more I said, “We shared what we and Jake Burrill (age 10), Canaan know about wolves the learned by doing a slide Elementary school students, hold duction in Maine. At the up the telemetry instruments they Center, the group studied more I could help.” She show at our school. I also used while studying wolves this telemetry and went on a was accompanied to the plan to write a letter to past winter on an educational Center by fellow Canaan Governor Angus King.” trip to the Wolf Center in Ely. howling expedition. “It was eerie, magical and fun to Elementary School students:

New Release from C. J. Conner Wolf Alliance Artist of the Year ’95 and ’98 “In the Shadows” 18" X 24" Limited Edition of 200 with 20 Artist Proofs Giclee’ on Canvas Regular Edition — $225.00 Artist Proof — $295.00

C.J. Conner Studio 14333 West Christiansen Road Hayward, WI 54843 (715) 634-8528 or (715) 462-9910 Fax: (715) 462-3205

14 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 15

Wolf Organizations Meet special Wolf Organizations Meeting at Athe Beyond 2000 symposium brought together representatives of wolf organizations from across the nation and around the world. Forty-two participants representing 24 unique wolf organizations gathered to share information and to engage in a discussion regarding global wolf restoration. The discussion questions were: “What are the barriers to global wolf restoration?” and, “What are solutions to overcome those barriers?” Each table of participants brainstormed, recorded their ideas, and shared their top responses with the UMD Photographer Brett Groeler, Julie Palmquist of Wolf Haven (standing, center) helps participants at the group. The general responses (not ranked) are: Wolf Organizations Meeting brainstorm about barriers to wolf restoration around the world. Barriers ■ Negative attitudes, continuing and new myths, misinformation News Flash: Wolf Management ■ Livestock/people conflict Plan emphasizes four key areas ■ Continuing habitat change innesota’s Senate and zone and an agricultural ■ Thinking in terms of numbers, not ecology MHouse passed a wolf zone with different regula- management plan during tions for each. At this ■ Increased human population, decreased the 2000 legislative session. writing, it was not clear available wildlands After further negotiation, whether the governor ■ Cultural realities differ; global economies vary possible change, and would sign the plan. The next issue of ■ Lack of non-lethal control methods signing by the governor, the bill could become the basis International Wolf will ■ International political boundaries for state wolf management focus on public attitudes ■ Fear of government and federal removal of the toward wolves and will Minnesota wolf from the cover legislative develop- ments in greater detail. Solutions Endangered Species List. The main features of the Please visit our Web site, at ■ Increase educational efforts: plan are (1) a 5-year mora- www.wolf.org, for the latest • use new cutting edge technologies torium on public taking of breaking news. ■ • develop partnerships among advocates wolves except to protect property, (2) the need for • educate politicians and media the Minnesota Department • coexistence of Natural Resources and ■ Identify and promote acceptable control methods Department of Agriculture to implement a more ■ Habitat conservation, create wildland corridors, detailed plan to ensure wolf develop land purchase/lease/use partnerships survival and minimize ■ Shift education from species focus to systems focus conflicts with humans, (3) ■ Learn cultural and economic issues of other continued federal and/ countries—go beyond Sister Cities to Sister Bioregions or state wolf depredation control and state compensa- ■ Expand research tion payments for livestock lost to wolves, and (4) divi-

sion of the state into a wolf Rolf Peterson

International Wolf Summer 2000 15 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 16

INTERNATIONAL WOLF CENTER Contributors nk Yo Tha u!

John & Sandra Anderson Bruce & Julie Steiner Theresa Sullivan In memory of John Reiff Mary Agnes Telford Elena & Ginny Gleason Ford & Amy Bell David Stoll Sheri Ulery & Lammot Copeland, Jr. Lynn Stone David Draper In memory of Jan Volkman Julie Corty & Harold W. Sweatt In memory of Jay & Page Cowles Richard Erickson Foundation John Hofflinger Henry S. Crosby Jr. David & Vanessa Dayton Nancy jo Tubbs Berry Foundation Ronald & Lyla Dusing Richard & Karen Bratrude R. R. Swenson Susan Dresnick Turner Endangered Linda Dietz Species Fund Mary Potter Engel Glen & Valerie Farha Kiana Ben & Mary Whitney T Phillip & Sue Garrison Miriam Engel T. H. & Wilma Harbour Memorials Joe & Shirley Wolf Evelyn Fredrickson Robert & Marilyn Judith Belchic-Martin Margaret Wyllie Hofflinger Mrs. Thomas Fredrickson Annie Chang Nellie Houser Arthur Vassy Caroline Gabel Bernard & Ruth Kinsock Johanna Goering Peter Vukovich Roger & Valera Lange Gerald Gagich Mary Robison Ronald Ziemba Joe & Bev Mater

Steve Grooms Carol Geis Robert Mater Chick Steffes Steve & Colletta Volunteer Lisa Heilman holds up Nancy Gibson a radio collar as fellow volun- Memorials McGregor Honorary teer Jim Bray smiles on at an Marilyn Gower & In memory of Joe Bruning Fern Odette In Honor of auction that was part of the Sara Morton Leta Paque Judy Smith Dr. Bunny Bucho Wolf Center’s symposium, Daniel & Kate Scheer Beyond 2000: Realities of Frances Graham Kimberly Victor In memory of Mike & Lara Shelton Global Wolf Restoration. Nicole Davis Westminster Garden Club Hélène Grimaud Jack & Sonja Shelton Steven Brennen & Tom, Sue & Wes Stucky To Dad Ruthann Harrison Heather Davis Eddy & Jenny Thompson Love, Susan Hawkinson Matching Gifts Neil Hutt In memory of In memory of In Honor of Does your company have a Dana Jorgenson Howard “Sib” Felton Gerald Konetshny Skylar Nicole Thomas matching gift program? We have Golden K Kiwanis Club Terrence Kreczko From James Bleeker received matching gifts from: of Grand Rapids The “BD” Itinerants Bruce and Helen Dave Mech In Honor of Clifford Sisko American Express In memory of Schroeder Eric Moore Dr. John Reiss Fuller Sr. Sharon Stevens From Dolores Abbott The Chase Manhattan Meryl & John Fuller, Jr. Susan Tidwell Rita & Timothy Mulcahy In Honor of Bill Whitmore CITICORP Dr. & Mrs. Joseph David and From Elizabeth Ganshert Linda Thompson CNA Foundation Dolores Nesbit & Peter Whitmore Lisa Hendrickson Dorothy Zuzula General Mills James Oberholtzer Jane Mings In Honor of IBM International Dr. Karen Pajari Fred & Joyce In memory of Mitchell Lee Steve A. Wojdyla Scharringhausen Marilyn Lee From Michelle Griffin Liz Claiborne Foundation Linda Pirtle John & Patricia Spreitzer In memory of Mass Mutual Sherry Ray In memory of Traci Lembke McDonald’s Corporation Jane Scharrer David Hartman Gretchen Giddings Monsanto Fund John Closs Dave & Julie Shafer In memory of Robert & Dawn Pfizer Foundation Madeleine Oliver Gerard & Nan Snyder Van Langenhoven Mr. & Mrs. H. H. Moore Phillip Morris Companies Stinson, Mag, Wendy Sommer & Fizzell P.C. PPG Industries Foundation US West Foundation

16 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 17

Tracking the Pack

…the new Center den will The Pack and Although MacKenzie, Lakota and Lucas have be large enough to hold the the Staff Are dug shallow openings in Digging Dens the enclosure before, three existing members of the none of the previous by Nancy jo Tubbs holes approached the pack, plus two young wolves sophistication of this one. ne cold February morning, Schmidt speculated that, who will be introduced to Wolf Curator Lori Schmidt although the Center’s Owalked the fence line during wolves are neutered and the pack in late summer. a regular check of the wolf enclosure can’t have puppies, they at the International Wolf Center and may have been stimulated by a chambers for a mother wolf and her spotted a sprinkling of sand on the chemical trigger to prepare a den pups, rather than refuge for the entire top of a snow bank in the woods. after seeing and smelling a wild pack, the new Center den will be When Schmidt looked closer she female wolf in heat outside the fence. large enough to hold the three found a den the wolves had dug into Or maybe den digging does not existing members of the pack, plus two a sandy slope. The opening was depend on the sex hormones that young wolves who will be introduced partly obstructed with balsam roots, neutering removes. Breeding packs in to the pack in late summer. U.S. but was big enough for a wolf to northern Minnesota usually prepare a Department of Agriculture regulations enter. The den was about six feet den in spring in preparation for pups mandate that shelter be large enough deep and ended with a raised to be born in April, although wolves to hold all the resident wolves. chamber, which would be high sometimes dig dens even in fall. Improvements to the wolves’ enough to keep a mother wolf safe enclosure will be funded by $58,000 from water that might seep Digging a new in state bonding money. into the hole. permanent den The new den opening will be Center staff are planning a easily visible from the Center’s new den for the wolves too. auditorium. Slabs of local granite and A temporary wood-framed greenstone will frame the den and underground den built in create a high vantage point where the 1991 is beginning to sag wolves can romp or bask in the sun. with age. In fall 2000, A waterfall will cool nearby rocks in construction will begin the summer, making an enticing on a permanent den, resting spot in the heat of the day. waterfall and pond Visitors to the Center can watch the outside the wolf wolves splash in a little stream and watching windows. pool, explore an island and chase While dens in the birds around new plantings of wild are birthing mountain ash and berry bushes. The enclosure improvements are designed to make life more pleasant for the wolves and to make visitor viewing even more of an adventure. ■

Sarah, the alpha female of a captive pcak in Fillmore, CA, dug this den at the age of 18 months. Breeding packs usually prepare a den in spring, although wolves sometimes dig dens even in olves-N-Wildlife

W fall. The Center’s resident wolves are not a breeding pack.

International Wolf Summer 2000 17 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 18

NORTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND THE RED WOLF A Cautious Optimism “It is an ancient terrain, yet a land of beginnings.”

ROD HACKNEY, PRESIDENT, RED WOLF COALITION

e is now 11 years old, the only living free-ranging red wolf born in captivity. Once Hthe alpha male of the Milltail pack in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, this venerable patriarch was deposed two years ago when his mate, the alpha female, died. Yet he remains with the pack, tolerated by the other members, interacting with pups and serving as a surrogate grandfather. The other estimated 95 wild red wolves in coastal North Carolina know nothing of life behind a chain-link enclosure, the first home of the old wolf. They were all born free in this land of peat bogs and marsh grasses, home to other endangered and threatened species like the bald eagle and the red-cockaded woodpecker. The red wolf Species Survival Program success story lends encouragement to restoration efforts for other critically endangered animals such as the Mexican wolf. Although red wolf numbers continue to rise slowly, the future of this shy and tenacious predator is far from secure. First, few options exist in the Southeast for new release sites. Second, because of their limited numbers in the wild and the presence of coyotes within their range, the potential for hybridization with coyotes threatens the red wolf’s genetic integrity. It was such genetic “swamping” that originally endangered the red wolf. Red wolf recovery is, however, gaining momentum and popularity. Although red wolf numbers continue Plans are underway by the Red to rise slowly, Wolf Coalition to build an education the future of this center in the heart of wolf country. tenacious predator is far from secure. Red wolf recovery is, however, gaining momentum and popularity.

Artwork by Eva-Lena Rehnmark

18 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 19

The Coalition is also THE SOUTHWEST AND THE developing strategies to MEXICAN WOLF

encourage its members and Don Zippert the public as well to get Triumph involved in land conservation and water quality and Trial control efforts. In addition, for El Lobo the North Carolina Zoo’s innovative Web site “It is such a big landscape. (www.nczooredwolf.org) There is a chance they features an interactive will make it.” program, The Red Wolves of RICK BASS ~ THE NEW WOLVES The Mexican wolf recovery program has achieved a number of important goals in captive breeding, education, outreach, and research. Alligator River, that allows ince March 1998, 34 users to participate in the SMexican wolves have program to save red wolves been released into the wild livestock depredations have in the primary recovery zone and to learn about this in the Apache-Sitgreaves caused resentment among by 2007. To promote toler- beautiful “land of begin- National Forest in eastern some local ranchers, and a ance and to build support for nings.” School children Arizona. One pack, the wave of negative publicity the wolves in the region, can interact with biologists Hawk’s Nest, continues to about the recovery program the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and veterinarians in the successfully hunt elk in has been in the national Service is stepping up its field and participate in the region. Some of the news spotlight. efforts to hold informational on-line discussion groups. wolves, however, have been Four wolves from the meetings and question- Of intense interest now recaptured because they recaptured Mule pack were and-answer sessions with among researchers and have killed cattle. In translocated in March to the local residents. managers is the question of addition, two wolves have Gila National Forest in New whether the wolves of been killed by cars, and Mexico. The Mule Pack Algonquin Provincial Park several have been shot. wolves will be the first to be THE NORTHERN ROCKIES AND YELLOWSTONE, in Ontario and the red Despite these setbacks, released in New Mexico as CENTRAL IDAHO, wolves of northeastern the Mexican wolf recovery part of the federal reintro- NORTHWESTERN MONTANA North Carolina are the same program has achieved a duction program. Hopes are wolf. Canadian studies number of important goals high among wolf managers After suggest remarkable similarity in captive breeding, educa- for the success of this between the two, although tion and outreach, and release, especially since the Five Years some scientists disagree. If research. Substantial chal- alpha female is expected to the Canadian studies hold “The wolves are lenges remain, however. give birth to pups in early here to stay.” up to peer review, are More captive breeding facili- April. A second pack, known replicated and withstand MARK VAN PUTTEN ties are needed. In addition, as the Pipestem, will be held PRESIDENT, NATIONAL challenge, restoration plans managers are concerned in acclimation pens in this WILDLIFE FEDERATION for the red wolf may need that dispersing wolves may remote region until they are to be revised. cience-based wildlife have difficulty finding other acclimated to the area. S management has been wolves to establish new The objective of the responsible for some major packs. Also, there has been Mexican wolf recovery achievements in wildlife a tendency for some captive- program is to re-establish and habitat conservation. raised wolves to approach 100 wild wolves over 7,000 Among the greatest mile- domestic dogs and to show square miles of public land little fear of humans. Recent continued on next page

International Wolf Summer 2000 19 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 20

Service wolf recovery leader Wolves are doing well in RUSSIAN FEDERATION Doug Smith, gave birth to the park and on immedi- eight pups just after her ately adjacent public lands. What Good equally famous mate was National Park Service wolf Is a Wolf? illegally killed in the spring recovery leader Doug Smith of 1995. In the years that said he expects wolf “The wolf is viewed followed, wolf 9 produced numbers in and around the as an enemy.” four more litters of pups park to level off at about NIKITA G. OVSYANIKOV ~ fathered by a wolf designated current numbers, although WOLF SPECIALIST GROUP, IUCN ellowstone National Park Y as 8. Now silvery gray and other biologists are not so ikita Ovsyanikov, Wolf 9 was one of the original wolves brought to Yellowstone ostracized from the Rose sure. The 1999 year-end N eminent scientist and and was the founding female Creek pack by her daughter, population numbers for bear researcher, is one of the member of the Rose Creek pack. wolf 9 was recently observed Yellowstone were down relatively few people in Here Wolf 9 (right) stands with her pup (Wolf 7). living alone on the fringes from the estimated spring Russia who speaks for the of the park. Although high of 160. Contributing wolf. Wolves in Russia are to the decline was high pup stones in species restoration researchers acknowledge that protected only in a few mortality. In addition, a and recovery is the return such a fate is common in nature reserves; elsewhere number of adults were five years ago of the wolf wolf society, park managers throughout the country, missing, either from mortality to Yellowstone and central found it hard to view wolf they are routinely perse- or because of dispersal to Idaho. 9’s remaining days with cuted, and in some regions, areas outside the park. One of the original detachment. Then on bounties are paid. Federal The late 1999 estimates wolves brought from Canada Valentine’s Day, the famous law prohibits poisoning, but for central Idaho are also to Yellowstone is wolf 9 who wolf was discovered to have this practice is still carried encouraging. Approximately became the founding female companions! Excitement out in some areas, especially 147 wolves comprising of the Rose Creek pack. has soared over the recently in the Lake Bakal area and Wolf 9, called “the poster discovered pack, unofficially 10 packs are believed to in the Russian Northwest child of the Yellowstone wolf named the Valentine pack. inhabit central Idaho, and program” by National Park The new family consists of another 64 are estimated in wolf 9, another female thought northwestern Montana. to be one of 9’s daughters from the Rose Creek pack, and two black males.

20 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 21

Federation. Although only a small percentage of the nearly 15,000 wolves killed in 1999 were poisoned, Ovsyanikov is seeking ways to have this practice stopped. Wolves in Russia are also killed for their pelts, a practice encouraged by a recent rise in the price of pelts. The current wolf population in Russia is thought to have stabilized at a high level. An estimated 40,000 to 50,000 wolves survive in Russia, but their numbers vary from region to region. More wolves live in the northern latitudes and in Mike Fontaine the Arctic where the ungu- late population is high and Spring 2000 Question: where there are few people. In rural areas where What is the wolf ’s main New Question wolves live near farmers, prey in Yellowstone the wolf is viewed as vermin, and ancient myths of wolf National Park? How do Arctic wolves differ predation on people are Answer: prevalent. Many farmers, from other living on the brink of The wolf’s main prey in Yellowstone National wolves? survival, are not concerned Park is elk. Elk form by far the greatest number of about conservation, so prey available, some 10,000 or more, depending on economic incentives must the area and time of year. Numbers of other accompany education about prey such as bison, deer, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, the reality and the possible moose and mountain goats together do not total as benefits of large carnivores. ■ many as elk. Wolves do also kill these animals but in fewer numbers. ■

To succeed, education about wolves in Russia, where wolves are only protected in a few nature preserves, must include consideration of

Vladimir Bologov economic realities.

International Wolf Summer 2000 21 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 22

The Wolf in Early Scientific Literature Feeding and hunting Early literature often described by Jay Hutchinson wolf feeding and hunting. In 1912, Charles E. Johnson was canoeing with “Acting on the hint of an old trapper, I melted some cheese together with the kidney fat a friend in northern Minnesota when, of a freshly killed heifer. I inserted a large dose of strychnine. During the whole process, I “Peering through a little opening [we] wore gloves steeped in the hot blood of the heifer. I made a 10-mile circuit, dropping a saw a timber wolf taking savage bites at a large body afloat but anchored in the stream. bait each quarter mile, taking care not to touch any with my hands. [It] proved to be an adult cow moose, 1 “I soon came on the fresh trail. An ordinary wolf’s forefoot is 4 /2 inches long, but recently dead in a pool. Whether the moose Lobo’s, as measured a number of times, was 5 1/2 inches from claw to heel. had accidentally drowned or had suddenly “Lobo had come to the first bait, sniffed and finally picked it up....the second bait was also died from some natural cause is a matter of gone. I followed to find that the third bait was gone...on to the fourth to learn that he had not speculation. In the back a large deep hole really taken a bait at all, but had merely carried them in his mouth. Then having piled the had been eaten into the carcass…here the three on the fourth, he scattered filth over them to express his utter contempt for my devices.” wolf was feeding when surprised. No other part bore any sign of attack.” From Seton, Ernest Thompson. “Lobo, the King of Currumpaw,” F.M. Fryxell in the Journal of in Wild Animals I Have Known. Charles Scribner’s & Sons, 1898. Mammalogy, 1925, described a Wyoming wolf catching live prey: ritings like Seton’s and a Murie’s classic book, The Wolves of “I was startled by a rush and a crashing few other texts on natural Mount McKinley, published in 1944. followed by peculiar, choking sounds. Up Whistory, along with a A brief look at some of the early liter- the slope was a whirling mass of greyish handful of scattered notes in journals ature can show us the fits and starts fur, twisting with such rapidity that I could largely based on fortuitous observa- of a maturing science, which began as not possibly determine what animals consti- tions of hunters, trappers and descriptions of chance wolf encoun- tuted the struggling group. From time to woodsmen composed the “scientific” ters, often given in literature on the wolf before Adolph excruciating detail.

Early tracking methods began with chance encounters with wolves in which the tracker would record everything he observed, like this footprint and scat.

Top photo by Lynn Rogers, middle photo by John Wright. Patrick Tilbury

22 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 23

time came the same low-pitched sound Olson’s detailed early observations Further Reading from the throat of a choking animal. In its and reports from the 1930s, however, rapid gyrations the fur mass edged toward were the best science available at the Chapman, H.H. the brink of an incline. Over this it finally time, and were reasonable first “Wolf Packs.” Journal of Forestry (1938): p.1158. toppled, falling upon a mat of flat-topped approximations, especially when one remembers that all observations were timberline trees below. I followed the course Olson, S.F. made on the ground without benefit of the combat. The sounds from the choking “Organization and Range of of airplanes or radio-tracking. animal became fewer…occasional forced the Pack,” Ecology 19 (1) Because Olson could only base his (1938): pp. 168-170. wheezes. Suddenly all sounds ceased. Then reports on winter tracking, kills, and out of the foliage leaped a timber wolf ground sightings on frozen lakes and Johnson, C.E. holding the limp body of a dead marmot.” rivers, he had no way of accurately “A Note on the Habits of the Timber knowing the size of what he called the Wolf,” Journal of Mammalogy Historical truths “beat” or “hunting range” of packs. (1921): pp. 11-15. and inaccuracies He wrote, “The course a pack travels is Dixon, J.S. Some of the early literature was in the shape of a great, uneven circle, “Mother Wolf Carries Food remarkably accurate. A 1934 note in the diameter of which is often 30 to Twelve Miles to Her Young,” the Journal of Mammalogy described a 50 miles.” Sixty years later, thanks to Journal of Mammalogy wolf pair in Mt. McKinley National aerial observations and radio-tracking, (1934): p. 158. Park in Alaska covering “100 to 150 we now know that most Minnesota square miles of territory while foraging for wolf packs have territories that range Fryxell, F.M. their young.” These figures, while at from about 40 to 100 square miles, “An Observation on the Hunting the small end of the spectrum for instead of the 700 square-mile Methods of the Timber Wolf,” Denali’s wolves, are supported by territories that Olson’s “great uneven Journal of Mammalogy modern research. circles” might have included. (1925): pp. 226-7. Sometimes, however, one journal It would be a decade after Olson’s would begin building a false scientific 1938 Ecology note appeared, however, case by touting findings given in that low-flying aircraft were used another journal as “conclusive” when by Minnesota’s Milt Stenlund to in fact the original finding was not check wolf kills and document based on especially good evidence at all. wolf pack movements, thus

This happened in a 1938 issue of introducing modern technology John Wright the Journal of Forestry regarding to the study of wolves. ■ the size of wolf “packs numbering from five to 30.” This “conclusive evidence” Jay Hutchinson is a freelance writer on was based on a statement in a note in natural history subjects who lives in Aerial observations and radio-tracking are St. Paul, Minnesota. He is retired from modern methods of studying the wolf that Ecology in 1938 by Minnesota’s the U.S. Forest Service’s North Central have aided scientists in determining the Sigurd Olson: “Packs vary in number Research Station. territory and habits of wolf packs. from five to 30, the smaller group being by far the most common.” Olson had made six firsthand observations of wolf pack sizes that ranged from four to 20. In this note in Ecology, however, he also included unreliable hearsay observations of three trappers— of packs with 18, 20 and 24 wolves. But he never documented where he got the “30.” (The largest Minnesota pack documented recently was 23. See Fall 1999 International Wolf).

International Wolf Summer 2000 23 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 24

HE DISPERSING WOLF FROM High Arctic, but rarely does anyone OLVES AND RAILROAD TRAINS T CAMP RIPLEY, MINNESOTA, get a chance to watch them. After the Whave not been getting along which was mentioned in previous pair killed the musk-ox during a five- well in Montana. According to the U.S. News and Notes, was illegally killed minute attack, the female wolf gorged Fish and Wildlife Service, at least three east of Camp Ripley. The perpetrator herself and then headed off to regurgi- wolves have been killed by trains in the sank her collar in a mud hole, but it tate into caches over a mile away from Wolf Prairie area. Apparently wolves continued to send a few transmissions the kill. The incident was detailed in find railroad tracks easy to walk along to the satellites. By tracking the trans- the October-December 1999 issue of and because they never evolved with missions, biologists were able to find Canadian Field Naturalist. such a hazard, lack the ability to deal the collar and determine many details with the concept of a train bearing OLF NUMBERS AND DISTRI- about when and where the wolf was down on them. Entire packs in WBUTION IN LITHUANIA killed. Conservation officers have were Minnesota have been similarly wiped narrowed the range of suspects but assessed by Petras Bluzma, Institute of out by trains. have not yet made an arrest. Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania. Bluzma’s findings indicated wolves were widely WOLF INCREASE IN NORWAY has WO WOLVES WERE SEEN KILLING distributed throughout this Baltic Abeen accompanied by an increase TA COW MUSK-OX ON ELLESMERE country. Wolves permanently inhabit in wolf biologists. At least 12 ISLAND during one of the few such about 20 percent of the forested area, Norwegians attended the International observations ever reported. Wolves and because of conflicts with humans, Wolf Symposium in February to prey regularly on musk-oxen in the Bluzma believes that their numbers exchange information with other should be held to 100 to 300 animals. wolf workers. Norway now has 62 Bluzma’s article was published in Acta to 78 wolves, and their main prey,

Dave Mech Zoologica Lithuanica volume 9 (1999). summer and winter, is moose. However, they also prey on domestic sheep, a trait that is causing great concern among local farmers. Wolves prey regularly on musk-oxen in the SLE ROYALE WOLF NUMBERS are High Arctic. Two wolves Iup again to 29, according to Dr. (not those shown here) were recently seen Rolf Peterson, Michigan Technological killing a cow musk-ox University, who just returned from his on Ellesmere Island. annual aerial count of wolves and moose on this Lake Superior island. The wolves live in just two packs. Some 850 moose were also counted.

•One night hotel stay, with meals LPHA WOLVES are the subject of a •Base camp in the wilderness Arecent article in which arguments with canvas cooktent and are made that the term “alpha” is not Journey by Horseback individual pop-up tents to sleep in for privacy. usually appropriate; instead such Through Wolf Habitat Deep in the animals should be called “breeders” or •Fully prepared home cooked meals Heart of the Idaho Wilderness simply “parents.” See “Alpha Status, •Trips begin in mid-July and end in late August Dominance, and Division of Labor in Wolf Packs” in Canadian Journal of Mile High Outfitters of Idaho, Inc. ■ P.O. Box 1189, Challis, Idaho 83226 Zoology 77: pp. 1196-1203. (208) 879-4500 [email protected] visit our webpage at www.milehighwolf.com

24 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 25

indy Gorman, an International Wolf Center member since 1992, brought International CWolf magazine with her while visiting the city of Jerusalem. “I’ve been such a big fan of the International Wolf Center and the work they do to educate people about the wolf, I thought I’d bring the magazine with me on my tour of Israel,” she said. Cindy has been a long time animal lover and a life long student. During some course work at Metropolitan State University in Minnesota, she went on a weekend wolf tracking expedition. She didn’t see any wolves, but did see tracks. From her reading about wolves, Gorman concluded that “wolves and humans are a lot alike and more can be done to ensure that we coexist peacefully.” ■

Please send photos or slides of you or a friend reading the magazine in a favorite or far-off place to magazine coordinator, International Wolf Center, 5930 Brooklyn Blvd., Suite 204, Minneapolis, MN 55429. Identify the person pictured and include their permission to use the photo, the photographer’s name and the location. Regretfully, we are unable to return slides or prints.

International Wolf Summer 2000 25 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:32 AM Page 26

Mush Your Own Team Dogsled Letters Vacations cont. from page 2 • 3 & 4 night Lodge-to-Lodge Dogsled Tours • Boundary Waters Dogsled Camping Trips • For all ages, no gear or skills needed • Friendly, pure-bred Canadian Eskimo Dogs Plus Arctic earth was flat if the the wolf. However, there of developing effective non- Adventures concept of a round are numerous organizations lethal control strategies. with Paul Schurke earth had not been already established to To put the icing on the advocated by educate and protect the cake, you juxtapose the Copernicus based on parks, reserves and other article detailing the his factual observa- wildland areas, many more depredation of Cheryl tions. The advocacy organizations than there Dahl’s horse in the same of sound science and are protecting Wolves. issue! While I agree that it policies based on I would like to see the is important to create a that science is what mission of the Wolf Center dialogue discussing the good education remain centered on the challenges that some people should be all about. wolf, its life and behaviors. face living with wolves.... Axel Ringe I would support the inclu- you should have included New Market, TN sion or linkage of web sites, an article outlining current Dogsled Lodge 1101 Ring Rock Road • Ely, MN 55731 references to other organi- research in the field of non- For 18 Years, America’s Top Dogsled Trips Program I believe in educating zations or inclusion of their lethal predator control to Directed by Arctic Adventurer Paul Schurke the community materials at the center, but accompany both the Dahl For info: (218) 365-6602 For color brochure: 1-800-584-9425 [about] the impor- I would not like to see our and Fritts articles. Your tance of wildlands to resources diluted to encom- readers deserved a balanced pass wildland preservation. view on wolf management Roberta L. Phillips in this issue. The claim that St. Paul, MN “killing problem wolves is Big Lake the most effective tactic Wilderness Predator Control available” stems from a I am simply aghast at the culturally ingrained accep- Lodge International Wolf Center’s tance of lethal predator and outfitters spring 2000 “Into the control and an aversion of Millennium” issue. Any our government and Come join us at Ely’s finest full-service wildlife managers to really wilderness resort — the most remote reputable organization take wolf management drive-in lodge in northern Minnesota. working towards “the • Fully modern, squeaky clean housekeeping cabins survival of the wolf around “into the millennium” • Fully outfitted secluded island campsites the world” (taken directly through investing valuable • Family activities; knowledgeable, friendly staff from the IWC mission resources into developing • Minnesota DNR top-rated walleye lake statement) should be viable alternatives to lethal • Abundant wildlife; spectacular fall colors wolf control. • Daytrips and overnights into the BWCAW ashamed to allow the article • Nestled in the Superior National Forest by Steven Fritts to present Pamela Uihlein •Weekly area orientation and fishing seminar such a black and white case Missoula, MT • Pontoon boat, kayaks, paddle boats, in favor of lethal predator playground, sauna Technical Editor’s Note: The problem control. I am deeply disap- is lack of suitable non-lethal methods pointed that Fritts, an of alleviating wolf depredations. The federal government has exhausted Call, write or e-mail for a free brochure experienced and well- many millions of dollars attempting Big Lake Wilderness Lodge respected wolf biologist, to solve this same problem with P.O. Box 359, Ely, MN 55731 would condone the use of [email protected] coyotes, but so far, with little to show www.biglakelodge.com lethal predator control for it, they still find it necessary to without giving more kill coyotes. ■ 1-800-446-9080 credence to the potential

26 International Wolf Summer 2000 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:33 AM Page 27

Home Sweet Home

by Nancy jo Tubbs magine you’re a furry newborn wolf pup. You weigh where your mother gave birth to you. Ijust a pound. When you are about eight weeks old and used to playing At home in your den, you’re snuggled up against outside, your pack may move to a new place away from the your mother and four brothers and sisters. You may not den. This is called a rendezvous site. Here you and the yet know where you are, because you’re blind, deaf and other pups will play, explore and sleep outside. You have left nearly helpless. You wiggle around and find your mother’s your den for now, but may return with the pack next year. nipple. You drink milk from her warm body. Then you’ll wait outside to hear the first puppy whimpers of The dark, quiet den will be home, safe home, for the a new litter of wolf youngsters. first two months of your life. Two weeks will pass before Wolves can make a den out of an old fox burrow, a your eyes open and three weeks before you can hear. hollow log, a small cave, an abandoned beaver lodge or At that time, you’ll take your first wobbly steps outside nearly any protected spot. Within their territory, they pick the den. a site near water so the mother doesn’t have to go far for a Your mother picked this place. She dug a hole about 10 drink. The adult wolves hunt near the den and bring food feet into a sandy hillside. Roots overhead keep the dirt roof back for the mother and pups. The den is a good hiding from falling in on your head. At a high spot at the end of place for pups, who are easy prey for predators, such as the hole, where no rain or wind can reach, is the place owls and eagles. ■

A Mazing Trip: Lead the pups’ father home to his family at the den! Solution

International Wolf Summer 2000 27 IntWolf.summer 00 5/5/00 8:33 AM Page 28

By Cornelia Hutt

or many years, wolf organiza- people if they are tolerated, thrive best They are well-qualified to dedicate tions, advocates and biologists in large areas of wild land. This aware- their knowledge, resources and Fhave worked with dedication ness has prompted wolf supporters energies to developing and imple- and courage on behalf of wolves. and groups to ask themselves a key menting strategies not only for These groups and individuals have question: What is our next step? wolf conservation but also for persisted in the face of daunting One answer is for wolf organiza- conservation of the land the wolf obstacles, and their achievements tions to expand their missions by best inhabits. are indeed remarkable. In several using the wolf as a motivator for a regions, wolves are approaching much larger objective – wild lands Cornelia Hutt is a former public school recovery levels, and there are conservation. Individuals and groups teacher from northern Virginia. She currently writes education programs proposals to restore them to addi- have begun to see the need to focus on for conservation organizations and acts tional parts of their former range. the survival of the wolf in its natural as an advisor for curriculum planning. Research has revealed a wealth of environment and to teach about the She serves on the board of directors of information about wolves. Education wolf’s dependence on wild lands. the International Wolf Center and the has improved understanding and Conserving wild land for the wolf has Red Wolf Coalition and presented a changed public attitudes. Once feared the added benefit of providing habitat paper, “The Wolf As a Keystone for Expanded Conservation Initiatives,” at and vilified, the wolf has now garnered for its wild prey and for a long list of our international symposium in Duluth. a strong and vocal constituency. No other interesting species as well. doubt about it, people are fascinated How each organization responds by the beauty, intelligence and tenacity to this exciting challenge depends of this charismatic predator. on many things. But all Interest in wolves is as complex as organizations, no matter how the wolf itself. Wolf books fill shelves large or small, can begin to in stores and libraries. Artists and focus on topics related to the ynn Rogers photographers by the dozen try to environment wolves need L capture some aspect of the wolf’s and to shift their efforts to essence. Consumptive users such as wolf habitat preservation. hunters and trappers see the wolf The same techniques and as a worthy quarry. The International strategies that worked for Wolf Center enhances the local wolf recovery can work economy by $3 million per year for habitat and wild through visits by wolf aficionados. lands conservation. Gift shops everywhere feature wolf Leaders and members coffee mugs, jewelry and apparel. alike in wolf groups Howling cookie jars were an imme- have educated and diate sellout at Beyond 2000, the motivated themselves international wolf symposium in and others. Their efforts Duluth in February. The wolf has also have replaced centuries- bolstered the popularity of eco- old fear and hatred with tourism, a hot new travel trend. respect and appreciation. Wolves have benefited from the support of dozens of organizations, all of which share strong commonalities. Perhaps the most important of these is the evolving realization that wolves, although flexible enough to live near

28 International Wolf Summer 2000 Here are a few HELP CELEBRATE OUR examples of the items for sale... 15TH ANNIVERSARY! Relax to a Melodic Wolf Song. Shop online and Hanging on your front or back porch, our wolf silhouette chimes will produce a warm, peaceful sound all summer long!

Dine in on any orders placed between Candlelight. Create subtle May 1 and August 15, 2000 ambiance to any room in your house with our howling wolf candle holders. Choose from three different sizes and two colors to create an enchanting arrangement.

Durable and elegant, chimes and votives are available in brick or pine green.

Online purchases only. Discount does not Many more values available online! exceed 20% and includes member discount.

Cherokee Kirby Dakota Montana Yukon Palmer

Nanook Houston Melville WhitehorseIn mid-May Sitka we will Nome be celebrating Kirby Dakota Montana Yukon Palmerthe birth ofNa ournook two arctic Houstonwolf pups. These rare wolf babies will Melville Whitehorse Sitka Nome Kirby Cherokee be introduced to our ambassador Montana Yukon Palmer Nanookpack in Ely, Houston MN in early July.Melville Whitehorse Sitka Nome Cherokee Kirby Dakota The International Wolf Make your mark! Here’s your CherokeeCenter isKirby Expecting! Dakota Montanachance to make Yukon history, help Palmer us Nanook Houston Melville Whitehorsename our rare arcticNome wolf pups.Kirby Dakota Montana Yukon PalmerGet your creativeNanook juices flowing Houston and in the next month check out Melville Whitehorse Sitka Nome Kirby Cherokee our web site at www.wolf.org Montana Yukon Palmer Nanookfor an opportunity Houston to submit Melville your Whitehorse Sitka Nome Cherokeesuggested name Kirby for our new Dakota arrivals. Cherokee Kirby Dakota Montana Yukon Palmer Daily Daily ri., Sat. and Sun. F PM PM PM , you can sign up can sign , you to 6 to 7 to 5 AM AM AM 10 9:30 9:30 Canis lupus www.wolf.org CENTER HOURS: July and August Plan your trip to wolf country today. country today. to wolf trip Plan your Call 1-800-ELY-WOLF ext. 25. ext. Call 1-800-ELY-WOLF November through April through November Experience an an Experience without the -100°without the (Brrrr!). temperatures There’s an adventure for everyone in your family! family! in your for everyone an adventure There’s Arctic Summer! Arctic en more about how wolf pups are raised in the wild. raised pups are wolf how about en more ev ell as how they would adapt to a chilly arctic environment. to a chilly arctic adapt would they ell as how Whether it’s a breezy 65°F or a tropical 90° 65°F or a tropical a breezy it’s Whether this And once you’ve encountered encountered And once you’ve w growing needs. Or take an abandoned den hike, and discover and discover an abandoned den hike, Or take needs. growing Learn how these rare wolf pups play, eat, and communicate, as eat, and communicate, pups play, wolf these rare Learn how for a behind-the-scenes look at how our staff meets the wolves’ how for a behind-the-scenes look at Get a taste of tundra starting in early July, when our naturalists in early July, starting Get a taste of tundra Meet the pack, and our new pups (they won’t be pups for long). won’t pups (they Meet the pack, and our new May, June, September and October September and June, May,

introduce two cute, fuzzy arctic wolf pups to our ambassador pack. pups to our wolf fuzzy arctic cute, two introduce

summer, you can learn firsthand about the arctic tundra arctic about the learn firsthand can you summer, L. David Mech David L.

CELEBRATING YEARS! NONPROFIT ORG. 15 U.S. Postage International Wolf PAID 5930 Brooklyn Boulevard Permit #4894 Minneapolis, MN 55429-2518 Mpls., MN