District Profile Uttarakashi, Uttarakhand

District Uttarkashi is located on the northern portion of Uttarakhand State. For administrative convenience, the district has six tehsils, viz. Bhatwari, Dunda, Chiniyalisour, Rajgarhi, Puraula and Mori. The administrative seat of the district is at headquarters town Uttarkashi which is 200 km. away from State capital Dehradun. For the purpose of rural development, the district is divided into six community development blocks. The district comprised 707 villages at the 2011 Census out of which 694 are inhabited and 13 uninhabited.

DEMOGRAPHY As per Census 2011, the total population of Uttarakashi is 330,086 . Out of which 168,597 were males and 161,487 were females. This gives a sex ratio of 958 females per 1000 males. The percentage of urban population in the district is 7.36 percent, which is much lower than the state average of 30.23 percent. The decadal growth rate of population in Uttarakhand is 18.81 percent, while Uttarakashi reports a 11.89 percent decadal increase in the population. The decadal growth rate of urban population in Uttarakhand is 39.93 percent, while Uttarakashi reports a 6.05 percent. The district population density is 41 in 2011. The Scheduled Caste population in the district is 24.41 percent while Scheduled Tribe comprises 1.06 percent of the population.

LITERACY The overall literacy rate of Uttarakashi district is 75.81 percent while the male & female literacy rates are 88.79 percent and 62.35 percent respectively. At the block level, a considerable variation is noticeable in male-female literacy rate. Mori has the lowest literacy male and female rates at 76.49 percent and 50.03 percent respectively. Bhatwari block has the highest male and female literacy rates at 94.32 percent and 73.42 percent respectively.

Source: Census 2011 The district has rural literacy rate at 74.74 percent and urban literacy rate at 88.72 percent. Urban population is recorded only in Rajgarhi and Bhatwari blocks. Bhatwari block has the highest rural and urban literacy rates at 82.79 percent and 90.42 percent respectively. Lowest rural literacy rate is at Mori block with 63.64 percent and lowest urban literacy rate is found at Rajgarhi at 84.22 percent. Source: Census 2011 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

The three sectors of the economy – primary, secondary and tertiary – reflect the direc- tion of growth of any region. In Uttarakashi, the tertiary (services) sector contributed the maximum share of 56.87 percent to Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) which is slightly higher than that of Uttarakhand’s share of 51.9 percent to Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in 2013-14. The district’s primary (agricultural) sector contributes about 1/4th to GDDP (24.86 percent) while the secondary sector’s contribution is 18.27 percent. The GDDP of Uttarakashi in primary and tertiary sectors are more than that in Uttarak- hand.

On considering Net District Domestic Product (NDDP), Uttarakashi has 24.11 percent of share in the primary sector, 17.68 percent secondary sector share, while 58.21 percent of the income comes from the tertiary sector. Uttarakhand, as a state, gets 10.31 percent of its output (NSDP) from the primary sector, one third from the secondary sector (33.43 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Uttarakhand percent); but is certainly led by the tertiary sector (56.26 percent). The district’s share in NDDP to the primary and tertiary sectors are more than that of the state and secondary sector lags behind that of the state. The primary sector share in the district is more than double than that in the state share. The per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year. Rudraprayag’s per capita income (Rs. 59,791) is less than that of the state (Rs. 1,12,428). Low per capita income is usually an indicator of poverty in a region. According to the Planning Commis- sion, Government of India, the proportion of rural population living below poverty line in Uttarakashi with Poverty Ratio (PVR) of 19.48 . Uttarakashi urban pov- erty is with PVR of 4.67 . 97.99 percent of the poor are in rural and 2.01 percent are in urban. Considering the distribution of poor across districts of urban and rural Uttarakhand, 2.28 percent of rural poor population and 0.17 percent of urban poor population are in Uttarakashi.

The percentage of main workers in the total workforce in Uttarakashi is 38.89 In terms of work participation rate Work Participation Rate percent which is much higher than the State main workers (28.46 percent) as (WPR) in the district, the male WPR is per Census 2011. Among the four categories, Cultivators form about 74.56 per- 49.98 percent whereas for female it is Male Female cent of all workers which form the highest percent, while agricultural labourers 45.21 percent. form 2.79 percent. The catchall category ‘Other Workers’ form 20.67 percent of Puraula 47.59 44.64 the entire working population of the district which is much lower than that of In Mori block the male and female Mori 55.47 50.00 the cultivators . It includes forms of employment in secondary and tertiary sec- WPR are highest with 55.47 percent tor . The workers in household industry forms 1.99 percent. and 50 percent respectively. Chinya- Rajgarhi 49.82 48.00 lasaur has the lowest male WPR at 46.37 percent and Bhatwari has the Dunda 48.88 49.18 lowest female WPR at 36.62 percent. Chinyalisaur 46.37 45.16 Bhatwari 51.31 36.62

Cultivators Agricultural Labourer Household Workers Other Workers Source: Census 2011 74.56 percent 2.79 percent 1.99 percent 20.67 percent Source: Census 2011 BASIC AMENITIES & HEALTH Uttarakashi Uttarakhand

The overall percentage of households having access to improved drinking Household (percent) with improved water source is 75.1 percent which is lower than the state average (92.9 per- 48.5 64.5 Sanitation cent) as per NFHS– 4, 2015-16. The same survey reports that 48.5 percent household have improved sanitation facilities which is much lower than Household (percent) with clean fuel for 28.2 51.0 state average of 64.5 percent. Apart from drinking water and sanitation Cooking facility, only 28.2 percent of household use clean fuel for cooking compared to state average of 51 percent. However, in the district, 93.1 percent of Household (percent) with improved 75.1 92.9 household having electricity which is lower than the state average (97.5 drinking water source percent). Household (percent) with electricity 93.1 97.5

Source: NFHS– 4, 2015-16

In terms of health facilities, besides a district hospital, there is a network of sub- health centres (SHCS/Sub-HCs), Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs) across the district. CHCs have the highest spread, followed by PHCs and then sub- health centres. Hence, CHCs and PHCs cater to a higher proportion of population than sub- health centres. The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Health Facilities Covered Nutritional Status (Children under 5 Years)

Uttarakashi Uttarakhand No. of Community Health Centre 03 59 Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

No. of Primary Health Centre 10 257 Stunted* 35.2 36.2 NA 33.5 34.0 32.5

No. of Sub Health Centre 82 1848 Wasted* 39.4 40.1 NA 19.5 19.9 18.6

Underweight* 40.3 41.4 NA 26.6 27.1 25.6 Uttarkashi Uttarakhand

Source: Rural Health Statistics 2016 Source: NFHS-4 , 2015-16

In Uttarakashi, the proportion of stunted children is lower in rural (36.2 percent)

Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Rate areas than in Uttarakhand having 34.0 percent of stunted children.

Among the three broad categories, the average proportion of wasted children ap- Uttakashi 33* Uttakashi 158 pears to be the lowest both in State & District; 39.4 percent in Uttarakashi and 19.5 percent in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand 33** Uttarakhand 165 In Uttarakhand, about 26.6 percent of its under 5 year population is underweight, Sources: while in Uttarakashi it is about 40.3 percent. Source: Annual Health Survey 2012-13 *Annual Health Survey 2012-13 *Stunted-Height for Age; Wasted-Weight for Height; Underweight-Weight for Height **SRS 2016 EDUCATIONAL STATUS — DISTRICT (Government Schools include schools administered under Central Government, Local Bodies, Tribal and Social Welfare Department and Department of Education)

Uttarkashi has 1174 Govt. schools, of which 1113 are till elementary grade. The district account for 347 contractual teachers, of which 203 are male and 144 are female. 422 out of 1174 Govt. elementary schools have in Uttarkashi have Anganwadi Centres. In other words, only 35.9 percent of all Govt. schools have An- ganwadis. In Uttarkashi, a typical school has 3.3 teachers on average at elementary to higher secondary grade, while it is approximately 3.1 teachers at the elementary level. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the elementary level is 10 in Uttarkashi, and it 14 for schools with elementary to higher secondary grades.

Government Schools– Elementary to Hr. Secondary Grade Government Schools– Elementary Grade Only

422 Number of school having AWC* 421

1174 Number of school 1113

54015 Total enrolment (excluding AWC) 33376

Girls enrolment is 1.19 times higher 24629 Boys enrolment 14888 Girls enrolment is 1.24 times higher

than boys enrolment 29386 Girls enrolment 18488 than boys enrolment

3905 Total teachers 3454

Contractual teachers 302 347

2514 Male teachers 2195 Male teachers are 1.74 times more than Male teachers are 1.81 times more than female teachers 1391 Female teachers 1259 female teachers

3.3 Average number of teachers per school 3.1

14 Pupil teacher ratio 10 *Anganwadi Centres Source: DISE, 2016-17

School Facilities As far as provision of infrastructure facilities are concerned, the district has 1112 elementary public schools with buildings and 1158 schools out of total 1174 schools have school buildings. 1145 out of 1174 government schools have girl’s toilet. This is equivalent to 97.5 percent of public schools having girl’s lavatories. Of the 1113 elementary schools, 1097 schools have girl’s toilet, which constitutes more than 98.5 percent of all elementary schools. Of the 1173 public schools, 1114 schools have libraries, which roughly implies 94.9 coverage. Average Annual Dropout Rate

Drop-out rate in Govt. schools in Uttarkashi is 7.41 percent at the Primary level, 9.20 percent at the Secondary level, and 0.80 percent at the Higher Secondary level.

0.77% Higher Secondary Higher Secondary 0.84%

8.79% Secondary A variation is seen in the Average Drop- Secondary 9.67% out Rate for both boys and girls 1.47% Upper Primary Upper Primary - 7.17% Primary Primary 7.72% Source: DISE, 2016-17

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK

Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)

Blocks No. of schools Total number Percentage of having AWCs of schools Schools with AWCs All Schools Bhatwari 59 200 29.5 Among the 6 blocks of Uttarkashi, 45.4 percent of all Govt. schools in Dunda Chinyalisaur 75 191 39.3 (highest) have Anganwadi centres. On the contrary, Purola has only 22.3 percent Dunda 99 218 45.4 of its Govt. schools with AWCs. None of Uttarkashi blocks have even half of their Mori 66 188 35.1

Govt. schools covered by Anganwadi centres. Naugaon 100 274 36.5

Purola 23 103 22.3

All Blocks 422 1174 35.9

Source: DISE, 2016-17

We make an effort to categorize blocks into four broad categories based on the proportion of schools that have Anganwadi Centres (Very Less, Less, Moderate, High)— it is seen that there exists widespread variation across blocks. In the very less category is Purola and Bhatwari while the rest of the blocks are in less category.

EDUCATIONAL STATUS — BLOCK Pupil Teacher Ratio

Blocks No. of Schools Enrolment Primary Primary with Upper Total Boys Girls Total Only Primary Bhatwari 200 4175(46.43%) 4817(53.57%) 8992 11 0 12

Chinyalisaur 191 3755(44.84%) 4619(55.16%) 8374 12 0 13 Dunda 218 4570(45.76%) 5416(54.24%) 9986 12 0 12 Mori 188 3631(46.67%) 4149(53.33%) 7780 15 0 16

Naugaon 274 5875(45.51%) 7033(54.49%) 12908 13 0 15 Purola 103 2623(43.9%) 3352 (56.1%) 5975 13 0 18 24629(45.60%) 29386(54.40%) 54015 13 0 14 All Blocks 1174 Source: DISE, 2016-17

Uttarkashi has 1174 Govt. schools, of which 1113 are Elementary schools. Naugaon has 274 Govt. schools, the highest among all blocks, while Purola has only 103 Govt. schools. Enrolment rate among girls remain constantly higher than that for boys across all blocks in Uttarkashi. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) primary and upper primary level remains well below the RTE mandate of 30, with the lowest PTR appearing to be in Bhatwari (11) block of Uttarkashi and the highest in Mori (15). Average PTR is 12 in Bhatwari and Dunda and 18 in Purola.

Average no. of teachers per school Contractual Teachers Primary Only Primary with Upper Total Blocks Teachers Male Female Total Male Female Total Primary Bhatwari 404 322 726 13 18 31 1.9 0.0 3.6 Chinyalisaur 451 208 659 40 24 64 1.9 0.0 3.4

Dunda 480 330 810 41 32 73 2.0 0.0 3.7 Mori 382 109 491 45 21 66 2.1 0.0 2.6 43 39 82 Naugaon 590 289 879 2.0 0.0 3.2 Purola 207 133 340 21 10 31 2.1 0.0 3.3 All Blocks 2514 1391 3905 203 144 347 2.0 0.0 3.3 Source: DISE, 2016-17 The proportion between male and female teachers is seen to vary heavily among the districts at Uttarkashi. The male-female imbalance in workforce is seen to be the highest in Mori, and lowest in Bhatwari block. The district of Uttarkashi has 347 para teachers out of a total teaching cadre of 3905.

Measuring the average number of teachers each school has, it is seen that at the primary level, it is around 2 across all blocks. At the all school level, Mori has the lowest average number of teachers (2.6) while Dunda & Bhatwari has highest (3.7) average.

Uttarkashi has a total of 3905 teachers employed in its Govt. schools, of which 2514 are male and 1391 are female. Purola (340) employs the lowest number of teachers among all blocks, of which 133 are female teachers.

Professional Qualification of Teachers District Uttarkashi B.El.Ed. (2.68%) B.Ed. or equivalent (57.34%) Others (34.70%)

Mori (5.09%)

Bhatwari (4.13%) In terms of professional qualifications, Naugaon (3.00%) 2.69 percent of teachers have a B.El.Ed. de- Teachers qualified with a B.El.Ed. Chinyalisaur (3.00%) gree only in the district. Mori has the highest Degree in Uttarkashi proportion of teachers with B.El.Ed. degree Dunda (2.00%) (5.09 percent). Purola (1.18%)

Chinyalisaur (61.15%) Another 57.34 percent have B.Ed. or Naugaon (59.50%) equivalent degrees as well in the dis- Teachers qualified with a B.Ed. or Dunda (56.91%) trict. Among the blocks, followed by equivalent Degree in Uttarkashi Chinyalisaur (61.15 percent), Bhatwari Purola (56.00%) has the most number of teachers with Bhatwari (53.31%) B. Ed. degree (53.31 percent). Mori (56.00%)

Chinyalisaur (30.80%) Naugaon (33.33%) Dunda (37.41%) Teachers qualified with any Around 34.69% of the total teaching cadre hold degrees other than a B.Ed. or a B.El.Ed. other* degree in Uttarkashi Purola (37.94%) Bhatwari (40.08%) Mori (27.69%) Source: DISE, 2016-17 A proportion of teacher population Uttarkashi district are with no professional degree (4.84 percent).

* other category includes teachers with professional degree equivalent to D. El.Ed, M. Ed or equivalent, Others, Diploma in Teacher Training and Diploma or Degree in Special Education.

This is a preliminary report published based on publicly available data. Some of the issues discussed in the report are compl ex in nature and need further investigation and analysis. This publication is freely available for sharing for non -commercial purposes, and without any change, subject to due credit to the publisher.