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Nostoc Commune Anhydrobiosis UV در مربوط به پدیده ترکیبات جذب کننده

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Nostoc commune anhydrobiosis UV ترکیبات جذب کننده نور مربوط به پدیده در احسان نظیفی گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مازندران E-mail: [email protected] به نظر می رسد توانایی تولید ترکیبات جذب کننده نور UV توسط سیانوباکتری خشکی زی Nostoc commune یکی از فاکتورهای ﻻزم برای تحمل تابش های نور UV می باشد. (Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs و Scytonemin ترکیبات جذب کننده نور UV شناخته شده ای در سیانوباکتری ها می باشند که اثرات مضر تابشهای طوﻻنی مدت نور UV را به طور کلی یا تا حدی از بین می برند. در این پژوهش، سه ژنوتیپ از کلونی های N. commune که ظاهرا هیچ تفاوتی با هم ندارند جمع آوری شدند. MAA و Scytonemin های موجود در این ژنوتیپ ها به ترتیب از عصاره های آبی و اتانولی آنها جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از این بود که عصاره آبی حاصل از این ژنوتیپ ها، منحصرا حاوی MAAهای مخصوص به خود بود؛ به طوریکه MAA های عمده در ژنوتیپ های اول، دوم و سوم به ترتیب با وزن های مولکولی 874، 0101 و 206 دالتن و دارای ساختار متفاوتی بودند. اما در مورد عصاره اتانولی مربوط به این ژنوتیپ ها، هیچ تفاوتی مشاهده نشد و Scytonemin با وزن مولکولی 088 دالتن تولید می کنند. نتایج نشان داد که رنگدانه های خالص سازی شده دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی بودند؛ به طوریکه MAA های دارای وزن های مولکولی 0101 و 206 دالتن، آنتی اکسیدانهای عمده موجود در عصاره آبی حاصل از ژنوتیپ هایشان بودند و تقریبا به ترتیب 67 و 61 درصد از کل فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره آبی را تشکیل می دادند. تقریبا 01 درصد از فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مربوط به عصاره اتانولی حاصل از این ژنوتیپ ها نیز مربوط به Scytonemin بود. با توجه به این نتایج پیشنهاد می شود که MAA ها و Scytonemin، با عملکرد چندگانه خود نظیر محافظت از نور UV و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی می توانند در ارتباط با پدیده anhydrobiosis در سیانوباکتری N. commune باشند. واژه های کلیدی: Anhydrobiosis، آنتی اکسیدان، محافظت کننده های از نور Nostoc commune ،UV UV-absorbing compounds relevant to anhydrobiosis in Nostoc commune Ehsan Nazifi Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Ability to produce UV-absorbing compounds by terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is thought to be a required factor in tolerance to UV radiation. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin are well known UV-absorbing compounds in cyanobacteria that partially or completely avoid the harmful effects of long term UV radiation exposure. In this study, three genotypes of N. commune colonies were collected, although no obvious differences in their appearance could be observed by eye. The MAA and scytonemin content of these genotypes were identified from water and ethanol extract of N. commune, respectively. These results show that the elution profiles of the pigments from water extracts of these three genotypes of N. commune exclusively produced their own characteristic MAAs; the first genotype expresses a 478-Da MAA as a main MAA, the second genotype expresses a 1,050- Da MAA as a main MAA, and the third genotype expresses a 612-Da MAA as a main MAA. No difference was found in terms of the elution profiles of the pigments from ethanol extracts of these three genotypes; producing the same 544-Da scytonemin. These purified MAAs and scytonemin had radical scavenging activities in vitro; the 1,050-Da and 612-Da MAAs were the main water-soluble radical scavengers in the water extract, as they provided approximately 27% and 20% of the water-soluble radical scavenging activities in their colonies, respectively, and the scytonemin-associated activity accounted for approximately 10% of the total recovered activity. These results suggest that these MAAs and scytonemin have multiple roles as a UV protectant and an antioxidant relevant to anhydrobiosis in N. commune. Key words: Anhydrobiosis, Antioxidant, UV protectant, Nostoc commune Nostoc commune mycosporine-like amino acids گلیکوزیله شدن در سیانوباکتری راهکاری منحصر به فرد جهت سازش با شرایط خشکی احسان نظیفی گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مازندران E-mail: [email protected] سیانوباکتری خشکی زی Nostoc commune توانایی باﻻیی برای سازش با شرایط خشکی و تابش های UV و استرس های اکسیداتیو حاصل از آنها دارد. مکانیسم سازش پذیری به این شرایط استرسی به نظر می رسد که شامل فرایندهای چندگانه ای باشد که توانایی تولید (mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs یکی از فاکتورهای ضروری می باشد. در این پژوهش، سه ژنوتیپ از کلونی N. commune بررسی شدند و MAAهایی با ساختارهای جدید شناسایی شدند. ژنوتیپ A از کلونی N. commune دو ترکیب با ساختار پایه porphyra-334 با وزن های مولکولی 874 و 804 دالتن تولید می کند که به ترتیب با یک پنتوز و یک هگزوز گلیکوزیله شده اند و همچنین یک ترکیب با ساختار پایه shinorine با وزن مولکولی 868 دالتن تولید می کند که با یک پنتوز گلیکوزیله شده است. ژنوتیپ B از کلونی N. commune دو ترکیب MAA با ساختار هیبریدی با وزن های مولکولی 440 و 0080 دالتن تولید می کند که هر دو با یک دی ساکارید -2-O-(β xylopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside گلیکوزیله شده اند. ژنوتیپ D از کلونی N. commune دو ترکیب با ساختار پایه palythine-threonine با وزن های مولکولی 880 و 606 دالتن تولید می کند که به ترتیب با یک و دو هگزوز گلیکوزیله شده اند و همچنین یک ترکیب با ساختار پایه porphyra-334 با وزن مولکولی 804 دالتن تولید می کند که با یک هگزوز گلیکوزیله شده است. به طور قابل توجه ای تمام MAAهای شناسایی شده در این سیانوباکتری گلیکوزیله بوده اند و این MAAهای گلیکوزیله به صورت in vitro دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی بوده اند. گلیکوزیله شدن MAA در سیانوباکتری خشکی زی N. commune پدیده ای منحصر به فرد می باشد. گلیکوزیله شدن این ترکیبات در N. commune پیشنهاد می کند که این پدیده یک سازش پذیری ویژه برای زندگی در شرایط بی ثبات خشکی نسبت به شرایط تقریبا ثابت محیط های آبی می باشد. واژه های کلیدی: آنتی اکسیدان، MAA، گلیکوزیله شدن، Nostoc commune Glycosylation of mycosporine-like amino acids in the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune as a unique strategy to adapt the terrestrial conditions Ehsan Nazifi Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran E-mail: [email protected] The terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune has a marked capacity against desiccation and can adapt to UV radiation stress as well as oxidative stress caused by UV radiation. The mechanism of adaptation to extreme conditions by this cyanobacterial species is thought to involve multiple processes and ability to produce mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) appears to be a required factor. In this study, three genotypes of N. commune colonies were studied and structurally novel MAAs were characterized. The genotype A of N. commune colony produces the pentose-bound porphyra-334 (478 Da), the hexose-bound porphyra-334 (508 Da) and the pentose-bound shinorine (464 Da). The genotype B of N. commune colony produces two types of hybrid-MAAs (880 Da and 1050 Da) linked to 2-O-(β-xylopyranosyl)- β-galactopyranoside. The genotype D of N. commune colony produces the hexose-bound palythine-threonine derivatives (450 Da and 612 Da) and the hexose-bound porphyra-334 (508 Da). Interestingly, all characterized MAAs are glycosylated and these glycosylated MAAs have radical scavenging activities in vitro. This glycosylation is unique to the terrestrial cyanobacterium N. commune. The glycosylation of porphyra-334, shinorine,palythine- threonine and hybrid-MAAs in N. commune suggests a unique adaptation for terrestrial environments that are drastically fluctuating in comparison to stable aquatic environments. Key words: Antioxidant, glycosylation, MAA, Nostoc commune اثر تنظیمکنندههای رشد اکسین و سیتوکنین بر طول و تعداد گیاه سرخارگل در شرایط درون شیشهای * رقیه اصغرزاده 1و2، حسین مرادی1و2، قربانعلی نعمتزاده1 1. پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری 2. دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری [email protected] : پست الکترونیک گیاه سرخارگل با نام علمی اکیناسه پورپورا (.Echinacea purpurea L) به عنوان یک گیاه داروئی در مسیر تولید تجاری داروهای گیاهی دارای اهمیت فراوانی میباشد. تﻻش در جهت تکثیر فراوان کلونهای مطلوب انتخاب شده و عاری از بیماری و آفات گیاه سرخارگل به عنوان یک هدف تحقیقاتی مهم تلقی میشود. بر همین اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامﻻً تصادفی با سه تکرار طراحی گردید. تیمارها شامل سطوح مختلف BA )2/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 میلی گرم در لیتر( و IBA )2/0 و 5/0 میلیگرم در لیتر( بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس اثر معنیدار هورمون را در باززایی نشان داد. به طوریکه بیشترین طول گیاه باززایی شده در تیمار BA 1 میلیگرم در لیتر بدست آمد و در اثر متقابل بین تیمارها بیشترین تعداد گیاه باززایی شده در BA 1 میلیگرم در لیتر و IBA 5/0 میلیگرم در لیتر و کمترین آن در BA 5/1 میلیگرم در لیتر و IBA 5/0 میلیگرم در لیتر نشان داده شد. بنابراین اثر تیمارهای هورمونی هم در طول و در تعداد نمونه باززایی اثر مثبت و معنیدار نشان داد. واژههای کلیدی: سرخارگل، باززایی، اکسین، سیتوکنین و کشت بافت Effect of ouxine and cytokinin growth regulators on the length and number of Purple Coneflower in vitro culture Roghiyeh Asgharzadeh*1,2, Hossein Moradi1,2, Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh1 1. Institute of genetics and agricultural biotechnology Tabarestan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Sari 2. University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Sari Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected] Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) is a very important medicinal plant on the commercial production track. Trying to mass propagation of selected clones and free from disease and pests of purpurea plant is considered as an important goal research.
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