Vendredi 27 janvier 2017, réalisation : Josselin Brémaud

Belgium, France, Netherlands to Introduce Rail ID Checks (online) ...... 6 FRANCE – EUROPE ...... 2 Theresa May Faces Tricky Balancing Act in Talking French Presidential Hopeful Says He Will Withdraw if Trade With Trump...... 6 Charged ...... 3 Applebaum : If May embraces Trump, her ‘global French Front-Runner Faces Anger That Helped Trump . 3 Britain’ is doomed ...... 7 Shut Out in France, National Front Looks for Donald Trump and Theresa May: An Odd Couple ...... 7 Financing Abroad (online) ...... 4 Doran and Rough : Trump’s ‘America First’ Puts French far-right party official holds meetings in Israel .. 4 Britain ‘at the Front of the Line’ ...... 8 As France’s far-right National Front rises, memory of UK ambassador: Why Winston Churchill belongs in its past fades ...... 4 the Oval Office ...... 9 French Court Affirms One Burkini Ban, Rejects U.K. Government Introduces New Brexit Trigger Bill ...9 Another ...... 5 Editorial : The Trump-Brexit Opening ...... 10

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 1

Viktor Orban : Hungary and the Crisis of Europe ...... 10 Editorial : Trump's wall is a huge waste of money ...... 30 European Investors Bet on Economic Revival ...... 13 Editorial : Trump’s Wall: A Wasteful, Foolish Editorial : Europe Needs New Rules for the Uber Boondoggle ...... 31 Economy ...... 13 Stein : Better barriers are worth the cost ...... 31 Military Brass Fill Donald Trump’s National Security Council ...... 31 INTERNATIONAL ...... 14 Nafta’s Net U.S. Impact Is Modest ...... 32 Trump’s Pox Americana ...... 14 Trump Tax Idea for Wall Echoes House GOP Plan ...... 33 Trump lays groundwork to change U.S. role in the Republicans Now Marching With Trump on Ideas world ...... 16 They Had Opposed ...... 34 Ignatius : Trump is his administration’s own worst Strassel : A GOP Regulatory Game Changer ...... 34 enemy on foreign policy ...... 17 Editorial : Trump’s freeze on immigrants and refugees Krauthammer : Trump’s foreign policy revolution ...... 18 plays into the hands of Islamic terror recruiters ...... 35 White House Hobbles Nikki Haley Before Her First Editorial : Trump needs to stop sending mixed Day at the U.N...... 18 messages on torture ...... 36 Trump Will Call for a Pentagon Plan to Hit ISIS Share of U.S. Workers in Unions Falls to Lowest Level Harder, Officials Say ...... 19 on Record ...... 36 Editorial : Not only people are being liberated from Trump called the government’s job numbers ‘phony.’ Islamic State ...... 20 What happens now that he’s in charge of them? ...... 37 Syria Safe-Zone Idea Carries Risks for U.S...... 20 Trump's regulation freeze makes losers out of some Blacklisting Muslim Brotherhood Carries Risks ...... 21 U.S. businesses ...... 38 U.S.-Mexico Rift Deepens Over Trade Threat, Speechwriter Hurwitz : Fact-checking is Job 1 for any Canceled Meeting ...... 22 White House ...... 38 In a Corner, President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico Newt Gingrich: Margaret Thatcher is the real model Punches Back ...... 23 for the Trump presidency ...... 39 How Trump's wall could beckon a global trade war ..... 24 Brooks : The Politics of Cowardice ...... 40 Editorial : Trump’s Little Mexican War ...... 24 Krugman : Making the Rust Belt Rustier ...... 40 Editorial : Donald Trump’s Mexico Tantrum ...... 25 Robinson : We ignore Trump at our peril ...... 41 Editorial : Trump is starting a trade war we don’t need 26 Gerson : Why a tweeting president is so bad for our Doomsday Clock Moves Closer to Midnight, Signaling politics ...... 41 Concern Among Scientists ...... 26 Rattner : An Extremist Holding the Purse Strings ...... 42 Editorial : Mr. Trump’s ‘Gag Rule’ Will Harm Global Kudlow and Moore : To Speed Job Growth, Cut Taxes Health ...... 27 Now ...... 43 Editorial : In China, torture is real, and the rule of law Facing Replacement, Top State Department Officials is a sham...... 27 Resign...... 43 Editorial : Chuck Schumer Goes Wild ...... 44 Dorsen : Antonin Scalia, part-time liberal ...... 44 ETATS-UNIS ...... 27 Trump Strategist Stephen Bannon Says Media Should How Donald Trump fits in the 'post-truth' world ...... 28 ‘Keep Its Mouth Shut’ ...... 45 Tax Plan Sows Confusion as Tensions With Mexico Editorial : South Dakota Lawmakers Snuffing Out Soar ...... 29 Ethics Reform Referendum ...... 45 Ambiguous statements muddle Trump’s strategy on Editorial : In Defense of Trump’s Keystone Decision ..46 funding border wall ...... 30

FRANCE – EUROPE

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 2

French Presidential Hopeful Says He Will Withdraw if Charged Associated Press "Only one thing would prevent me the late 1990s and 2000s. He said Wednesday into suspected from being a candidate: it's if my she corrected his speeches, embezzlement and misappropriation (PARIS) — French presidential honor was harmed, if I were given received "countless" people who of public funds after Le Canard candidate Francois Fillon said preliminary charges," Fillon, one of wanted to see him, represented him Enchaine newspaper reported that Thursday he would step out of the the top contenders in the French at events and meetings and Fillon's wife was paid about 500,000 race if he were given preliminary presidential election this spring, summarized the news for him. euros ($537,000) in public funds for charges by national financial said. a job she allegedly didn't do. prosecutors investigating an The job of parliamentary aide is not allegedly fake job held by his wife. "I have always said that I wouldn't a "standardized job, which meets As the conservative nominee, Fillon, be able to be a candidate for the specific rules," he said. a former prime minister, has been Fillon, speaking on French channel presidential election if there was championing transparency and deep TF1, said there was nothing evidence that I had broken the law. Fillon denounced opponents who he cuts in the ranks of civil servants to improper or illegal about his This is not the case," he said. said are attacking his wife to reach lower government spending. Early employing his wife, Penelope, as his damage him less than three months opinion polls suggest that he and parliamentary aide for years. It's not illegal for French legislators before the first round of the far-right National Front leader to hire their relatives as long as they presidential election. Marine Le Pen could advance to the He said "her work was real" and that are genuinely employed. he will provide investigators with "all "I will defend her, I love her, I will second round of the April-May necessary proof." But he said he The conservative hopeful offered protect her," he said. election. wouldn't submit to being tried in the examples of the kinds of work he media. said his wife did as is aide during France's financial prosecutors opened a preliminary probe on

French Front-Runner Faces Anger That Helped Trump  Former “If we continue like this we are going will eventually help the least-favored IFOP’s Fourquet said in an minister to push the entire middle class into citizens. This is the message.” interview. “Winning elections is the arms of the National Front,” about broadening your base.” sees Fillon’s campaign Bookmakers’ Favorite ‘hitting the wall’ Rachida Dati, a former Fillon minister with whom he has often Le Pen, who wants to take France Bookmakers still make the out of the euro, has about 26 Populist Le Pen pitching tussled, said Jan. 20 in a radio  Republican the strong favorite to percent support compared with herself as French workers’ interview. “If Marine Le Pen become France’s next president about 25 percent for Fillon, champion becomes the candidate of real because the two-round system according to the Ipsos poll. Macron wages, of jobs and workers and tax makes it difficult for outsiders like Le Francois Fillon. has moved within striking distance cuts, then watch out -- we’re going Pen and Emmanuel Macron to to hit the wall.” of the two favorites for the first round Photographer: Marlene amass a majority. Prices gathered with about 21 percent. In mid- Awaad/Bloomberg 14 Million Voters by Oddschecker.com give Fillon a December, Fillon led by 3 55 percent chance of winning, with percentage points. The working classes helped deliver Working people with annual his main rivals on less than 30 Brexit in the U.K. and send Donald incomes of less than 20,000 euros percent. ‘Gesture’ Trump to the White House. In represent nearly a third of the France’s presidential election, they France’s 44.8 million registered All the same, a poll by Odoxa With the Socialist Party, the may pose the biggest threat to voters, according to the national released Friday showed the traditional choice for many workers, embattled front-runner Francois statistics office Insee. That group Penelope affair was hurting Fillon. in disarray after Francois Hollande’s Fillon. includes factory and construction The survey, carried out the day after disastrous presidency, the working workers, as well as people in low- the probe was announced, saw the class vote is the most obvious place The establishment candidate’s skilled jobs such as retail clerks and candidate’s approval rating drop to for Fillon’s rivals to pick up support. economic plans are the sort of waiters. Jerome Fourquet, head of 38 percent compared with the 54 medicine that many top executives Macron is spending much of his pollster IFOP, estimates that Fillon percent when the question was last and international institutions have campaign rural France seeking their has the support of just 11 percent of asked at the beginning of been demanding for years. But to support while Le Pen accused the that group while Le Pen has more November. The poll of 1,012 people many on lower incomes, already Republican of wanting to abolish than 40 percent. didn’t break out results by social angered by reports about Fillon’s class or give a margin of error. social security and conduct a “ lifestyle, that sounds like a threat to Fillon has repeatedly said he wants purge” of public workers. their standard of living. A preliminary criminal investigation to remain faithful to his principles With criticism from top Republicans and has pledged to eliminate half a into Fillon’s employment of his With prosecutors opening a mounting, the candidate who million public jobs, raise the Welsh wife going back almost two preliminary criminal probe into proudly affirms his Catholic faith is retirement age and lengthen the decades was announced claims that Fillon’s wife improperly considering making a gesture. That work week just for a start. For him, Wednesday after satirical weekly earned about 500,000 euros could come as soon as Jan. 29 the lack of mettle shown by previous Canard Enchaine reported that ($530,000) while working as a when he holds his first major presidents has impoverished the Penelope Fillon took a salary over parliamentary aide, concern is campaign meeting since the French and generated an multiple years for a largely fictitious mounting among some of the November nomination, according unemployment rate of 10 percent, job paid for with parliamentary candidate’s allies that his perceived campaign officials. roughly double that of the U.K. and funds. indifference to the day-to-day Germany. Voters need to realize Maurice Leroy, a lawmaker and struggles of ordinary people is The Republican nominee can ill they’re being asked to make some former cabinet colleague of the becoming an electoral risk. afford the cost of such revelations sacrifices for a better future, he as the presidential contest morphs Republican candidate, said Sunday Pollsters say the working class, the argues. into a three-way race. The post- he should act soon. “He needs to single biggest group of voters, is have the courage to tell the truth, “Fillon’s project is to first create primary bounce he enjoyed late last overwhelmingly opposed to the yes, but he also has to give hope to wealth and then re-distribute it to the year has faded and he is now level- Republicans’ candidate. That is a the people of France.” most fragile,” Thierry Solere, a pegging with Le Pen for the first weakness the nationalist Marine Le campaign spokesman, said. “One of round, according to a major Ipsos Before it's here, it's on the Pen is seeking to exploit to boost the major objectives of Fillon is be to Sopra Steria poll published Jan. 19. Bloomberg Terminal.LEARN MORE her chances of a Trump-style shock. make people understand that he “Having so little support among the wants to create the conditions that working class is hurting Fillon,”

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 3

Shut Out in France, National Front Looks for Financing Abroad (online) Noemie Bisserbe solution,” he said. Mr. Colas said France needed to be million to Ms. Le Pen for her especially cautious about Russia. presidential bid in 2012, recently Jan. 26, 2017 In 2014, the National Front The U.S. government has said chose to stop lending to political 4:22 p.m. ET borrowed about €9 million ($9.6 Russia hacked into computers parties and their candidates. million) from the now-defunct PARIS—France’s far-right National belonging to the Democratic Party Moscow-based First Czech-Russian and leaked information it obtained “Société Générale’s credit policy no Front has struggled to raise funds at Bank to help fund its campaign for longer allows lending to a political home to finance leader Marine Le ahead of the U.S. elections in seats in the European Parliament, November. party, whichever it may be, for Pen’s presidential bid in May and is drawing criticism from rival economic reasons but also to seeking loans from banks abroad, politicians who said the loan was a According to a survey conducted by ensure political neutrality,” a bank party officials say—something sign of undue Kremlin sway over the polling firm Ipsos Sopra Steria, Ms. spokeswoman said. opponents say opens the door to National Front. Le Pen is favored by 25% to 26% of foreign influence. voters. The Républicains’ The National Front said other banks First Czech-Russian Bank was presidential candidate, François have refused to consider loan Ms. Le Pen is running at the head of declared bankrupt and taken over by applications from Ms. Le Pen. the election pack in public-opinion Fillon , would receive 24% to 25% of Russia’s deposit-insurance agency votes and Emmanuel Macron—the surveys. But French lenders are last year. “I doubt that’s true,” said Jean- unwilling to extend credit to the former economics minister who quit François Debat, treasurer of the rival National Front because they The National Front and Ms. Le Pen President François Hollande’s Socialist Party. “They’re just disagree with the anti-immigrant, have long espoused pro-Russian government and launched his own crybabies.” euroskeptic party’s policies, party views and expressed admiration for political party—19% to 21%, Ipsos treasurer Wallerand de Saint Just President Vladimir Putin. Earlier this found. Mr. Debat said the Socialists have arranged loans from a domestic said. year, Ms. Le Pen said the Political parties in France aren’t annexation of Crimea wasn’t illegal bank. Hard-left candidate Jean-Luc In France, the government covers a required to publish all the financial Mélenchon has also lined up bank and criticized the Western sanctions details of their campaigns. large portion of political parties’ levied against Moscow. loans, according to officials of his campaign expenses, but it can take Expenses, however, are capped at party. several months for it to actually “We need to prevent foreign powers around €17 million in the first round hand over the money, forcing from influencing our elections,” said of a presidential race. Candidates Gilles Boyer, campaign treasurer for candidates to get stopgap loans Romain Colas, a French Socialist who make it to the second round the center-right Mr. Fillon, and from banks. lawmaker, who proposed legal can spend up to €22.5 million in Sylvain Fort, a spokesman for Mr. changes to require political parties total. Macron, say the two men are on Mr. de Saint Just said that unless track to get loans from French to disclose the identities of their If a politician exceeds a vote domestic lenders change their bankers and the terms of their loans. lenders. minds or supporters step up with threshold of 5%, the government will bigger donations, the National Front The proposed legislation was struck reimburse expenses of up to €8 —Olga Razumovskaya contributed would need to seek loans abroad— down by France’s Constitutional million for the first round and €10 to this article. from banks elsewhere in Europe, Council in December for procedural million in total. the U.S. or Russia. “For the reasons. Several banks in France, including moment, we haven’t found a real Société Générale, which lent €4 French far-right party official holds meetings in Israel JERUSALEM – leading member of Israeli Prime process and elections in France." Johann Habib, spokesman of the Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's He declined to say what was Israeli Francophone Federation, The secretary Likud party, the leader of the party's discussed in the meeting. called the visit "shocking" and "a general of youth organization, and other civil provocation." France's far-right political party society leaders. Bay's photo of The Health Ministry and the Israeli visited Israel on Thursday and met meeting with an army colonel and army had no immediate comment. "This party does not share our with military, government and values of democracy and equality the Health Ministry official later A senior Israeli official, speaking on political officials, though Israel shuns disappeared from Bay's Twitter. and tolerance," Habib said. "The the party. condition of anonymity in line with party is anti-Semitic." He questioned Israel's Haaretz daily reported that regulations, said the prime minister why Israel allowed him into the Israel has no official ties to the Bay was visiting to meet French was not aware of any meetings with country. National Front because of its far- citizens living in Israel and shore up the National Front. right ideology and history of anti- Two weeks ago, Marine Le Pen French Jewish support, and to meet Since Marine Le Pen, a leading Semitism. The party's leader Marine Israeli politicians. made her own surprise visit, this one Le Pen is a leading French presidential candidate, took over the to Trump Tower in New York. She presidential candidate in the April His meetings come as members of leadership in 2011, she has worked did not meet with anyone in the and May election. other far-right parties in Europe to scrub away the anti-Semitic Trump team, but George Lombardi, have paid visits to Israel and sought image inherited from the long reign a Trump Tower resident and co- Emmanuel Nahshon of Israel's to forge ties with the Jewish state. of her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, a founder of Citizens for Trump, said Foreign Ministry says Nicolas Bay party co-founder convicted of racism he held a gathering for her with a was on a private visit and would not "The meeting with Mr. Bay was and anti-Semitism. She had her group of entrepreneurs, industrialists meet Israeli officials. unofficial and took place by father expelled as a party member, and diplomats. coincidence," said David Shayan, though a court ruled he remains But Bay tweeted photos of his head of the Likud party's youth honorary president for life. meetings with Israeli Health group. "Likud Youth has no interest Ministry's deputy director general, in involvement with the political The National Front had no comment an Israeli medical commander, a on Bay's visit to Israel.

As France’s far-right National Front rises, memory of its past fades By James DRANCY, France—This was once In the 1940s, it was here, on the known as the Holocaust but known McAuley an antechamber to Auschwitz, the outskirts of Paris, that about 65,000 in France as the Shoah. For the vast beginning of many ends. Jews were interned and deported to majority of them, the modernist their deaths in the horror universally apartment complex that housed this

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 4 camp was the last image of France could win the upcoming French other places, and all that shows that extremists. The National Front of they saw before being forced onto elections. there is a living memory. But history today, her marketing machine would trains to the gas chambers. never stops. It’s chaotic, history.” suggest, is not the National Front of Has the “past that will not pass” the past. Today, there is a memorial museum passed after all? Or has it merely But until recently, it had indeed in Drancy, but the housing project — ceased to matter? seemed as though history — or, But links between the two still exist. once known as the “Silent City”— is rather, the French public’s Despite the oft-invoked talking point still in service, an eerie home for [Marine Le Pen could win the understanding of it — had come to a that father and daughter are low-income immigrants who may or French election — but first she must final resting place. estranged, Jean-Marie Le Pen may not be aware of the things their win a family feud] ultimately loaned his daughter’s walls have seen. On some level, this Robert Paxton, 85, was the first to campaign 6 million euros this month, One man deeply troubled by the argue, in the mid-1960s, that the is fitting. In the France — and the question is Serge Klarsfeld, the when a Russian bank could no Europe — of the 21st century, the French had not been merely passive longer meet its pledged amount. most prominent living Nazi hunter in victims of German occupation and lessons of the 20th no longer seem France and also Europe. self-evident, and certainly not had relished the opportunity to Representatives of the National sacrosanct. Now 81, Klarsfeld, a child survivor of install an authoritarian wartime Front did not return requests for the Holocaust, has spent his entire regime, one that wasted no time in comment. Today's WorldView working life tracking down former persecuting long-unwanted minorities. For a significant portion of the What's most important from where Nazis alongside his wife, Beate. French-Jewish community, the the world meets Washington Those the Klarsfelds have brought At the time, his view sent shock largest in Europe, there is little to justice include Klaus Barbie, the waves through the French public. difference between the party of Please provide a valid email infamous “butcher of Lyon,” and But eventually it became the Jean-Marie Le Pen and that of address. Maurice Papon, a former civil consensus opinion, a point of Marine Le Pen, said Yonatan Arfi, a servant who authorized the transfer For decades, France's willing reference for even the French vice president of the Representative of nearly 1,700 Jews from Bordeaux government as it began to process Council of French Jewish collaboration in the Nazi Holocaust to Drancy. The Klarsfelds also was recognized as the most the most painful parts of its past. Organizations (CRIF), the largest arelargely credited with having Jewish advocacy group in France. shameful chapter in the nation’s successfully pressured subsequent [France’s National Front faces history, a story recounted in public administrations of the French funding shortfall before the 2017 But from the organization’s work schools and a crime for which a government to acknowledge publicly election] with Holocaust education in schools, sitting French president formally the country’s complicity in the he said that especially among the apologized. Paris is home to one of Holocaust. These days, Paxton says, that is no youngest generation of French the world’s premier Holocaust longer the case, as the country finds students born into families where research centers, and black plaques In short, they deal in the “details” itself further and further removed even the grandparents may not now adorn the facades of nearly that the elder Le Pen would rather from the 1940s. remember the war, preserving the every school from which a Jewish forget. past was often a lost cause. child was known to have been “The focus on the past has deported. And yet. diminished,” he said, “largely “That younger generation feels so because there’s simply nobody left much historical distance from the But despite these displays of public Sitting in his office, a veritable to put on trial. Everybody’s dead. memory cavern strewn with books in events that it often makes them feel memory, the unthinkable has The judiciary phase of going back as they though they have no happened. The National Front — a a multitude of languages, stray over all of this is closed. And this photocopies of archival sources and particular duty regarding that political party founded by a chapter of history is seen by many history,” he said. convicted Holocaust denier — has oversize maps of various French people as no longer so mounted a surprisingly credible bid concentration camps, Klarsfeld urgent. In any case, if Marine Le Pen were for the French presidency. struggled to put the rise of the to win the final round of France’s National Front into words. “There is a kind of moving on.” presidential election in May, The party’s founder, Jean-Marie Le Eventually, he sighed. Klarsfeld — who has always prided Pen, now 88, once dismissed Few have attempted to move on “I regret finishing my life in a period with more desperation than the himself on defending the French concentration camps such as Republic — says he would emigrate. Drancy as a “detail of history,” a that so resembles the 1930s,” he National Front of Marine Le Pen, remark that landed him in the said. who has nominally banished her “I wouldn’t stay in that France,” he political wilderness for decades. father and made considerable said. “After having lived the Shoah “Yes, the Shoah is honored efforts to curry favor with French Now, a very real scenario exists in everywhere. You have grand in France as a child, I don’t think I which his daughter, Marine Le Pen, Jews in the wake of recent terrorist could bear it.” memorials in Paris, in Drancy, and attacks perpetrated by Islamist

French Court Affirms One Burkini Ban, Rejects Another PARIS — The French League of Human In contrast to the decision affecting A Muslim woman wears a burkini, a Rights said it would appeal the Sisco village, the court rejected a swimsuit that leaves only the face, A sizzling summer controversy over ruling that validated a burkini ban in similar ban enacted by another hands and feet exposed, as she burkini bans in France returned to the village of Sisco on the Corsican village, Ghisonaccio, swims in the Mediterranean Sea in the spotlight in midwinter Thursday, Mediterranean island. The local where the mayor offered no specific Marseille, France, Aug. 17, 2016. as a Corsican administrative court mayor had argued it was necessary evidence that burkini-clad women upheld a local decree against the to institute the clothing restriction presented a law-and-order problem. Muslim swimming garment in one following a brawl between local Roughly 30 coastal towns embraced village, but struck down a similar youths and families of North African 'Ban deters troublemakers' burkini bans last year, even though ban elsewhere due to a lack of the garment was a rarity on their origin last August in which five Sisco’s mayor Ange-Pierre Vivoni evidence that it was a threat to people were hurt. beaches. Many mayors defied a public order. could not be reached for comment ruling by France’s highest “This decision does not satisfy us at Thursday, but he had said earlier administrative tribunal that banning The decision by the court in Bastia, all,” said Michel Tubiana, honorary the burkini ban would go into effect the garments violated “fundamental in northeastern Corsica, came at a president of the rights group. He in June, “simply because I’m worried freedoms.” time when Islam and the visibility of said the ruling was a dangerous that Sisco will attract France’s estimated five million element in a broader anti-Muslim troublemakers.” Rights groups argue the bans Muslims is becoming a political discourse simmering in France. violate the right of free expression. flashpoint, ahead of presidential Corsica has witnessed a number of Some even argue the burkini is elections in April. anti-Muslim incidents in recent liberating, since it allows more years.

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 5 conservative Muslim women to A string of terror attacks has fueled league. “All of this is creating His rival, Benoit Hamon, who is venture out on beaches. political support for France's far sometimes serious social problems.” expected to win the runoff, right. National Front candidate disagrees. The issue cuts to the heart of Marine Le Pen wants to ban the On the left, former prime minister France’s staunchly secular creed, Muslim veil and Jewish kippah on Manual Valls, who is facing a runoff “Let’s stop making Islam appear as illustrating deep differences over the streets, while center-right vote in the Socialist primaries a problem for the republic,” Hamond extent that such rules protect or limit frontrunner Francois Fillon wants to Sunday, supported the mayors’ said in a radio interview this week. religious visibility. France separately keep existing legislation. burkini bans, denouncing the He called for less discussion over has banned the wearing of veils in bathing garment as “an affirmation the burkini and more targeting public schools and the face-covering “The discourse has become anti- of political Islam in the public bread-and-butter issues important to niqab in all public spaces. Muslim, which is feeding suspicion space.” French voters. against the community, even Are such bans anti-Muslim? preventing them from practicing their faith,” said Tubiana of the rights Belgium, France, Netherlands to Introduce Rail ID Checks (online) The Associated move will tighten security on the people. He died in a shootout with Belgium, the Netherlands and Press high-speed trains and help track Italian police four days later after France are part of Europe's 26- criminals who might be using them. transiting to Italy through the nation Schengen passport-free area, BRUSSELS — Belgium has sealed Netherlands, Belgium and France. where ID checks on travelers do not an agreement with France and the "The aim is to have the system usually take place. Netherlands to draw up passenger operational by the end of the year," "If the system works they can join lists and introduce passport checks Jambon said. in," Jambon said, noting that "there The scheme will not be enforced on on Thalys and Eurostar international is an election coming up in regular international rail and bus rail services. He noted that Germany has decided Germany. Maybe that has services. not to take part. Berlin attacker Anis something to do with (their Interior Minister Jan Jambon told Amri drove a truck into a central decision)." VRT broadcaster Friday that the Berlin market on Dec. 19, killing 12

Theresa May Faces Tricky Balancing Act in Talking Trade With Trump Jenny Gross and have an opportunity to “talk to him negotiate or ratify bilateral pacts—a The U.S. is a much more important Jason Douglas face to face about the issues, about prohibition Britain must observe until export destination for the U.K. than the interests that we share, about it officially leaves, now targeted for vice versa, a dynamic that gives the Updated Jan. 26, 2017 4:15 p.m. ET the special relationship, about the March 2019. U.S. the upper hand. challenges that we both face.” PHILADELPHIA—When Prime The U.K. has been testing the limits After the EU, where nearly half of Minister Theresa May meets When asked about whether she of the EU’s rule on trade deals for British exports go, the U.S. is the President Donald Trump in the Oval thought she would get along with months, with Mrs. May’s trade chief, U.K.’s biggest overseas market. Office on Friday, she will carry out a Mr. Trump, Mrs. May, who tends to Liam Fox, crisscrossing the globe to balancing act: She must try to lay be understated, said: “Sometimes “scope out” possible future accords A fifth of British exports of goods the groundwork for a trade deal and opposites attract.” with old allies such as Australia as and services, some $124 billion in avoid antagonizing European well as faster-growing markets in 2015, went to the U.S. Around half leaders with whom she must Mr. Trump has talked up the Asia and the Middle East. were services, including financial negotiate Brexit. possibility of a trade deal with and business services, Britain, the world’s fifth-largest EU officials in Brussels have voiced telecommunications and travel. Mrs. May and Mr. Trump are economy in 2015, as part of his their displeasure. On Monday, a Americans also bought British-made expected to discuss a variety of wider strategy to reorder American spokesman reiterated European drugs, electrical equipment and subjects on which they differ, economic alliances overseas. Commission President Jean-Claude machinery. including the Iran deal, which Mr. Juncker’s complaint in September Trump rejects, and the North Mrs. May is looking for further about EU members trying to A deal might make sense for Mr. Atlantic Treaty Organization, which commitments to a deal, as she negotiate free-trade agreements on Trump. An agreement would he has called obsolete. seeks to show her plan to leave the their own. demonstrate that his strategy of EU’s single market—which could moving away from the multilateral But stark differences on trade stand mean new barriers to trade between The risk the British are running, trade approach favored by former out. Mr. Trump has pushed an Britain and the bloc—won’t hurt and some analysts say, is that European President Barack Obama is “America First” policy of may even enhance British officials become irritated by delivering results, said Shanker protectionism and decried prosperity. London’s courtship of other deals. Singham, chairman of the special multilateral trade deals. Mrs. May That could sour coming talks over trade commission at the Legatum has promoted her vision of Britain as “Theresa May needs early wins to the U.K.’s divorce and future ties to Institute, a London-based think tank. the biggest proponent of free trade. create confidence that her Brexit the EU. policy is one that is going to work,” On Monday, Mr. Trump formally Addressing Republican lawmakers said Tony Travers, politics professor “There’s a risk that if she goes too pulled the U.S. out of the Trans- in Philadephia on Thursday, Mrs. at the London School of Economics. far down this route [of seeking trade Pacific Partnership, the 12-nation May said the U.K. would “continue deals] it just creates a toxic trade agreement negotiated by to act as one of the strongest and But if she appears to be cozying up atmosphere,” said John Springford, Barack Obama and championed by most forceful advocates for to Mr. Trump, who has dismissed director of research at the Centre for businesses. business, free markets and free the benefits of the bloc and praised European Reform, a London-based trade anywhere around the globe.” June’s Brexit vote, Mrs. May risks think tank that is pro-EU but Write to Jenny Gross at aggravating EU leaders, some of advocates its overhaul. [email protected] and Jason Mrs. May said in Parliament on whom are facing populist Douglas at [email protected] Wednesday that she is “not afraid to backlashes of their own. The U.K. says it respect its speak frankly to a president of the obligations while it remains in the United States.” Speaking to Her leeway to discuss a deal also EU, and Mrs. May has also argued reporters on the flight to remains constrained by EU rules for the strengthening of the bloc. Philadelphia, she said she would that forbid member states to formally

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Applebaum : If May embraces Trump, her ‘global Britain’ is doomed https://www.faceb would rush with thanks and relief stumbling block. Forced by the “rules-based global order.” His ook.com/anne.ap into the arms of Donald Trump, a radicals in her party to abandon any recent claim that the United States plebaum U.S. president who is drifting away hope of a closer relationship with should have stolen Iraqi oil as from European and transatlantic Europe, May has struggled for “spoils of war” shows that he doesn’t LONDON institutions too. months to relaunch a positive vision even know what it means. Everybody else was talking about of “Brexit Britain.” Finally, she lit Improbably, this is where we are. upon the word “global.” Last week Of course May might, after years of economics. But all through the The British prime minister, Theresa haggling, eventually get a deal. Brexit referendum campaign and in she told the World Economic Forum May, arrived in the United States in Davos, Switzerland, that she Maybe the fact that Britain is the months after the vote, I worried this week for her first visit to Trump’s relatively small and relatively white about British geopolitics. I worried believes in a “truly global Britain” White House. Weeks ago, the and a “rules-based global order,” will ensure that it’s a good one, about Britain’s alliances. I worried Trump transition team told many in though many fear that the trade that the protracted divorce and that she wants Britain to be an Britain that the president wants a advocate of global free markets too. lawyers of a big country will negotiations between Britain and its “deal” to reward the country for invariably force the trade lawyers of closest economic and political Even in the British context, this Brexit, a surprise vote that he struck a dissonant chord: If Britain is a small country to make painful partners would create equates with his own victory. concessions. But whatever that deal misunderstandings and eventually so keen on free trade, then why is it Whether he understands why Britain leaving the European single market, looks like and whenever it comes, anger — and indeed, this is already left the European Union — whether May’s broader “global” vision is coming to pass. the largest and wealthiest free-trade he knows anything about Britain at zone in the world, along with its 27 doomed, at least as long as it is tied I also worried that Britain would all except that it has decent golf existing free-trade deals? And if to a protectionist and isolationist slowly begin to redefine itself as a courses — doesn’t matter. Informed Britain admires the rules-based U.S. president. The conundrum country outside the Western of his intention, an ecstatic May has international order, why is it remains: In almost every alliance. Isolated, looking for trade already told the British press what distancing itself from the nations that conceivable sphere of economics partners and political friends, Britain she will tell the new U.S. care about that order most? and foreign policy, May’s views align might even drift away from government: “As we rediscover our more closely with the rest of Europe European and transatlantic confidence together, as you renew In the context of the newly than with Trump’s America. Too bad institutions and instead seek closer your nation just as we renew ours, developing U.S.-U.K. “special she is shackled to a party and a relationships with Russia and China, we have the opportunity — indeed relationship,” the very idea of “global policy that prevent her from acting two countries which already have a the responsibility — to renew the Britain” sounds bizarre. The U.S. on that obvious truth. special relationship for this new age. president’s campaign made the large presence in the British Read more from Anne Applebaum’s economy. But I failed to imagine We have the opportunity to lead, word “globalist” into an insult. In his together, again.” inaugural address, Trump spoke of archive, follow her on Twitter or what has actually transpired: that subscribe to her updates on Britain — isolated and really quite “America First” and promised to But whom will the United States and follow two simple rules: “Buy Facebook. desperately looking for trading Britain be leading? And in which partners and political friends — American and hire American.” He direction? Here we come to a expressed no special interest in the

Donald Trump and Theresa May: An Odd Couple By STEVEN She has not appreciated his warm has already sold her house and has “she can put in a British fix on the ERLANGERJAN. relationship with those like Nigel nowhere to live, and Trump, the real things that bother us — NATO, 27, 2017 Farage, the former leader of the estate man, knows that.” Putin, security, trade.” anti-immigrant U.K. Independence With Britain planning to leave the Party, who despises Mrs. May’s Mrs. May, he said, “is the un- What has upset the British European Union, Prime Minister Conservative Party and who Mr. Trump.” Even in “the comparably government is Mr. Trump’s “being Theresa May will try to show Britons Trump has suggested would make a unglitzy realm of British politics, she nasty to NATO and nice to Putin,” they have friends beyond Europe. fine ambassador to the United is unshowy,” he said. Compared Mr. Meyer said. But after calming Credit Pool photo by Facundo States. with her predecessor, David words about NATO from Defense Arrizabalaga Cameron, “she is pretty gray and Secretary James N. Mattis, praise Still, with Britain planning to leave pallid.” Still, he said, “history shows for President Vladimir V. Putin of LONDON — Prime Minister Theresa the European Union in two years or that personal chemistry does Russia is less problematic, he said. May of Britain will meet President so, Mrs. May needs to show Britons matter.” “But May would like to hear that Trump on Friday in Washington for they have big friends out in the from the horse’s mouth.” what could be an episode of “The world beyond Europe, and the Christopher Meyer, a former British Odd Couple”: The Stiff United States is already Britain’s ambassador to Washington, said Mrs. May comes with an agenda, Headmistress meets the Great single largest trading partner, not that “they look like the odd couple, her spokeswoman, unidentified Salesman. counting the European Union itself. but you never know — what’s under traditional ground rules, said required is a good working on Wednesday. Her goal is “to meet Reserved, slightly awkward and Having put such store into being the relationship.” John Major and Bill face to face and establish a serious, Mrs. May does not even first foreign leader to meet President Clinton were also an odd couple, he personal relationship that leads to have a Twitter account and does her Trump — Mr. Farage and Arron said — “there was nothing there at an effective, productive working best to remain silent on the key Banks, UKIP’s main financial all,” and Barack Obama and Gordon relationship, not just in the interests issues of the day, putting her head backer, have met him several times Brown never clicked. of the U.K. and the U.S., but facing above water only when she must. since the election — Mrs. May is the many global challenges where As a gift to Mr. Trump, Mrs. May is Normally, American presidents go determined to put British-American we can work together.” relations on a more traditional track, bringing a quaich (pronounced as on to British leaders about “the quake), a two-handled Scottish Those include, the spokeswoman special relationship” with a sort of as a government-to-government partnership. drinking cup for whisky used to said, a start on talks for a bilateral patronizing politeness. But Mr. symbolize trust between the giver trade deal post-Brexit, but also a Trump has already put Mrs. May’s But hardly one of equals. Mrs. May and recipient. Although intensely “frank” discussion of the importance teeth on edge with his cheerful “is coming as a supplicant and proud of his Scottish ancestry, and of the NATO alliance, which Mr. support for a British withdrawal from Trump seems to know this,” his Scottish golf courses, Mr. Trump Trump has sometimes disparaged; the European Union, commonly Jonathan Freedland, a columnist for is a teetotaler. of the European Union (ditto), even known as Brexit, which she opposed The Guardian newspaper, said in an though Britain is leaving it; of Russia but must carry out. interview. On trade, “she’s eager to The early meeting is important for and its violations of international law do a deal, like a house buyer who Mrs. May, Mr. Meyer said, because in Crimea and eastern Ukraine,

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“where we’ve taken a strong hours later he tweets something and For Mr. Trump, he suggested, those returning a bust of Winston Churchill position” and to which “we will disappoints you,” he said. leaders who do not ask for early to the Oval Office. remain committed.” meetings are the ones who show Mrs. May may be aware that she is the most strength. Mr. Obama’s replacement of the Asked about Mr. Trump’s more a supplicant, Mr. Shapiro said, “but bust by one of Martin Luther King Jr. sexist comments, Mrs. May has said Trump has her boxed up in her Mr. Meyer, the former ambassador, became an issue in Britain before that “some of the comments that domestic politics — the problem of is less concerned. “She’s completely Brexit, with the current foreign Donald Trump has made in relation Farage, her need to control the aware of the dangers, and I think secretary, Boris Johnson, claiming to women are unacceptable, some Brexit wing of her party and her she might turn out to be a bit of an that Mr. Obama removed the of those he himself has apologized need to fashion a Brexit that won’t iron lady in some of what she says,” Churchill bust because he “is a for.” destroy her prime ministership.” he said. “She won’t sound like a symbol of the part-Kenyan supplicant. But getting the balance president’s ancestral dislike of the President Trump in Washington on Mr. Trump has made reference to right between saying all the British Empire.” Wednesday. On Friday, the British the warm, vital relationship between oleaginous things about the special prime minister will become the first President Ronald Reagan and relationship and saying the things As a personal gesture after foreign leader to meet with him at Margaret Thatcher. “But they were that matter to us will be the key.” Christmas, Mrs. May sent Mr. Trump the White House. Credit Doug an actual team, they actually worked a copy of Churchill’s famous speech Mills/The New York Times together, and Trump can’t stand Mrs. May also addressed to the American people on that,” Mr. Shapiro said. Republicans in Philadelphia on Christmas Eve 1941, weeks after When she meets Mr. Trump, she Thursday at their annual retreat, Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor said, “I think the biggest statement Mr. Freedland said that the Reagan- which Mr. Trump also attended, brought the United States into the that will be made about the role of Thatcher connection mattered, before meeting him at the White war. women is the fact that I will be there “because there was extra leeway House on Friday afternoon. Then as a female prime minister.” and space for both of them, because she flies to Ankara, Turkey, for a In her letter, she told Mr. Trump that of the personal relationship.” “the sentiment” Churchill had Jeremy Shapiro, a former State meeting with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. expressed — “of a sense of unity Department official who is the The new president, Mr. Shapiro and fraternal association between director of research for the suggested, will see Mrs. May’s On issues of trade, terrorism, the United Kingdom and United European Council on Foreign desire to meet him first as a sign of migration, security, NATO and States — is just as true today as it Relations, said that Mrs. May had to weakness. “There’s no way Trump Cyprus, Mrs. May’s spokeswoman has ever been.” be careful because Mr. Trump will say it that way face-to-face, but said, Turkey, too, “is such an almost never has fights with later it will come through in the important partner.” Maybe. Maybe not. someone in the room. relationship and in any U.S.-U.K. trade deal,” which he expects will Mr. Trump has emphasized his “Then you think that maybe this isn’t not be particularly favorable to affection for Britain and for Brexit by the person I thought he was, but 48 Britain.

Doran and Rough : Trump’s ‘America First’ Puts Britain ‘at the Front of the Line’ Michael Doran and Peter Rough Mr. Trump’s goal is to improve criticized Mr. Trump’s inaugural rejection of the EU was a bigger significantly Britain’s position in its address for its “highly nationalistic” upset than Mr. Trump’s victory. In Updated Jan. 27, 2017 12:37 a.m. exit negotiations with its Continental tone, which reminded him of “the the end, the Republican ET partners. Ms. May wants a Brexit political rhetoric of the conservatives establishment got behind its party’s On Friday, as his first major step in that will secure the UK’s access to and reactionaries of the 1920s.” nominee. In Britain, all the major the European market without its political organizations and the big foreign policy, President Trump will Mr. Trump’s preference for the receive British Prime Minister having to abide by European media fought tooth and nail to economic regulations or immigration solidarity model is indeed the logical defend the EU, but the British Theresa May at the White House. consequence of his support for The meeting, which will begin the rules. Germany, as leader of the EU, people, in a stunning demand for fears that letting Britain have its nationalism. But the view that popular sovereignty, had other process of outlining a bilateral free- nationalism is a form of bigotry trade agreement, is a concrete cake and eat it too would encourage ideas. others nations to leave the union. leading inevitably to tyranny—an expression of what “America First” idea as common on American That Trump supporters and means. Chancellor Angela Merkel therefore insists that the benefits of EU campuses as it is in the German Brexiteers rose up at the same President Obama warned the British membership are inextricably government—is overly simplistic. moment to defy all expectations is people last April that if they voted to connected to the obligations. Nationalism can run amok, as it no coincidence. This is no transitory leave the European Union, they certainly did in the run-up to both phase, and anyone who suggests so wouldn’t receive preferential At stake are two different models of World War I and World War II. The is missing the depth of the historical economic treatment from the U.S. Western cooperation: integration Germans especially are wise to forces at work. It was British and As for a bilateral free-trade versus solidarity. Under the remain vigilant against its excesses. American nationalism that saved agreement, he said the British would integration model, with the EU being Europe in World War II. Today that a prime example, countries cede At the same time, political freedom same nationalism has the potential be relegated to “the back of the is historically the direct offshoot of queue.” Mr. Trump disagreed. “The key elements of their sovereignty to to revitalize the European order, transnational organizations run by nationalism. The American people which is failing in part because it U.K. has been such a great ally for rejected the British crown precisely so long,” he said on June 24, the technocrats who are not directly lacks democratic legitimacy. accountable to voters. Under the because they felt that it had day after Brexit passed. “They will trampled the inalienable rights of the The simple fact is that one can be a always be at the front of the line.” solidarity model, national governments, which must answer to individual. In Europe the process by nationalist and simultaneously be an The early arrival of Ms. May proves voters, maintain their independence which peoples asserted their internationalist committed to the new president is true to his as they enter into cooperative sovereignty was intimately bound up peaceful order. A recalibration of word. A bilateral free-trade ventures that are subject to periodic with the rise of nations in the early Europe away from the integration agreement with the U.K., if struck, revision as conditions change. modern period. model and toward solidarity can would serve as Mr. Trump’s model serve that end. These rival visions threaten to place European integrationists—and for future bilateral deals with other American elites—ignore this Mr. Trump and Ms. May, like Ronald countries. Equally important is the Mr. Trump and Ms. Merkel on a collision course. Sigmar Gabriel, dimension of Western history at their Reagan and Margaret Thatcher transformative effect a deal with peril. The vote for Brexit is stunning before them, represent a rejection of Britain will likely have on the EU. who will be take the reins Friday as Germany’s new foreign minister, has proof that transnationalism, too, can decades of tired wisdom about overreach. In some ways the British governance in the West. Instead of

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 8 contributing to the disintegration of meeting has the potential, once Messrs. Doran and Rough are the trans-Atlantic partnership, their again, to begin its reinvigoration. fellows at the Hudson Institute.

UK ambassador: Why Winston Churchill belongs in the Oval Office Kim Darroch One was a gift from the Wartime big family in the greatest intimacy President John F. Kennedy cited Friends of Winston Churchill and and informality, and I have formed him when he accepted the Story highlights accepted by President Lyndon the very highest regard and Democratic Party's nomination for Johnson in 1965. The second, admiration for the President." President in 1960. After his death,  Theresa May will lend a owned by the UK Government Art historians found that President bust of Winston Churchill Collection, was loaned by the British It was a tense time, full of Ronald Reagan kept a box of note to President Trump on her Government to President George W. uncertainty. Through those late cards with his favourite quotes by visit to the White House. Bush in 2001, while the first bust nights and warm conversations, the leaders, including Churchill. A was being restored. bond between Roosevelt and favorite, used at the White House  Churchill has been a Churchill was forged, and the future Correspondents Dinner in 1986: source of inspiration to At the end of President Bush's of the special relationship secured. "Courage is the one quality which many American Presidency in 2009, that second guarantees all others." And just the presidents, including So it is no surprise that just as the bust returned to the British other day, President Trump called Kennedy and Reagan. special relationship has endured, so Ambassador's Residence and the Churchill a "real ally." first bust -- fully restored -- was has Churchill's presence. Over my Sir Kim Darroch is the British moved outside President Barack first year as British Ambassador to As we look ahead to the future of Ambassador to the United States. Obama's private study in the White the United States, I have found that the special relationship, we take our The opinions expressed in this House Residence. Churchill -- the statesman, the cues from the man who helped to commentary are his. commander, the orator, the wit -- is forge it. In December 1941, just Tomorrow, at the request of not only held in high regard at home, (CNN)On Friday, UK Prime Minister weeks after the United States President Trump's team, the British but equally so here. Theresa May will lend a bust of entered the Second World War, the Government will formally loan the Winston Churchill to President great Anglo-American, Winston second bust back, and it will resume As Eleanor Roosevelt noted, "His Donald Trump, which will stand in Churchill, addressed Congress. its place in the Oval Office. speeches gave reassurance not the Oval Office as a symbol of the only to the people of Great Britain, When both the US and the UK faced strength of the relationship between It is fitting, perhaps, that there are but to the people of the United such great challenges, he said: the UK and the US. two busts of Winston Churchill in the States." And his legacy continues to "It is not given to us to peer into the White House, where many people live on here in the United States. One of the most famous Anglo- mysteries of the future. Still, I avow had imagined there was only one. Americans in history, Churchill's my hope and faith, sure and During his visits to the US, In 1965, Churchill became the first presence will be a reminder of a inviolate, that in the days to come especially throughout the dark days foreign head of government to be friendship which has endured for the British and American peoples of the Second World War, the man awarded honorary US citizenship. generations, in both good times and will for their own safety and for the himself was a constant presence at Today, in honour of his bad. good of all walk together side by the White House of President contributions, high schools, naval ships and even a mountain bear his side in majesty, in justice, and in There has been some confusion Franklin D. Roosevelt. name. And his likeness can be peace." about this bust, and indeed some On his first visit, just two weeks after spotted in many places around rumours that it has already been And so Churchill, back in the Oval Pearl Harbor, he turned The Rose Washington, from the Pentagon to returned. In fact, there are two Office again, will continue to Suite into a British government the US Capitol. Churchill busts, both by British encourage the UK and the US to headquarters away from home. The modernist sculptor, Sir Jacob forge ever stronger bonds, not just Monroe Room became a map room, Over the years, Churchill also has Epstein, that have spent time in the for our shared history, but as much with charts that tracked the course remained a source of inspiration to White House. many American presidents. in expectation of our bright future of the war. Reporting home, ahead. Churchill wrote, "We live here as a U.K. Government Introduces New Brexit Trigger Bill Nicholas Winning “I trust that Parliament...will respect United Kingdom’s intention to leaving the European single market the decision taken by the British withdraw from the EU.” and setting up a free-trade Updated Jan. 26, people and pass the legislation agreement with the EU. 2017 11:11 a.m. ET quickly,” said David Davis, the Opposition politicians criticized the U.K.’s Brexit minister. short time frame, with Labour On Wednesday, the prime minister LONDON—The U.K. government lawmaker Angela Eagle calling for said the government would also introduced a short bill in Parliament The government has set aside five more time for debate. provide Parliament with a formal on Thursday with a tight timetable days over the next two weeks for the document outlining her Brexit plans, for approval to give Prime Minister passage of the bill through the “Since this government came to although it isn’t clear whether it will Theresa May the power to start House of Commons, the lower office it has sought to avoid expand on her speech. Ministers Britain’s exit from the European chamber of Parliament—a relatively parliamentary scrutiny on its plans to had previously declined requests to Union as planned by the end of speedy timetable. Typically, bills leave the EU,” she said. provide Parliament with such a March. take several months to be passed. Concerns that leaving the EU could document on the grounds that the The bill follows a ruling from the hurt the U.K.’s economy have prime minister had set out her Debates have been scheduled for objectives. Supreme Court this week that the Tuesday and Wednesday of next weakened the pound. But official government couldn’t start week, with three more the following data released Thursday showed Opposition politicians have called negotiations to leave the bloc week. Once the bill has passed U.K. gross domestic product grew the government to publish the without lawmakers’ approval. The through the House of Commons, it an annualized rate of 2.4% in the document before they have to main opposition Labour Party, which must also be passed by the House final three months of 2016, decide on the new Article 50 bill. has accused the government of of Lords before it can become law. suggesting the U.K. was among the The government has declined to say trying to avoid parliamentary fastest-growing major economies when it will do so. scrutiny on Brexit, has said it won’t The short bill asks for lawmakers to last year despite predictions of a try to block the U.K.’s departure but “confer power on the Prime Minister sharp slowdown following the Brexit Write to Nicholas Winning at will add amendments to the bill to to notify, under Article 50(2) of the vote. [email protected] push for a greater say in its Treaty on European Union, the direction. Mrs. May set out her objectives in a key speech last week, including

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 9

Editorial : The Trump-Brexit Opening Updated Jan. 26, Mrs. May is keen to bolster Britain’s regulations that hobble foreign trade. Mrs. May is taking a risk on 2017 8:10 p.m. leverage in exit talks with the investment, but that complaint could trade with Mr. Lighthizer in this U.S. ET 26 COMMENTS European Union by showing she’s be addressed if Mr. Trump fulfills his role, and she should get a not at Brussels’s mercy as they campaign promise to allow guarantee from Mr. Trump that his Donald Trump meets Theresa May negotiate the terms of their divorce. Americans to buy health insurance advisers won’t sabotage a deal. in Washington on Friday, and a new Mr. Trump can help by insisting that across state lines as part of an trade pact for U.S. and Britain will be the EU offer Britain a reasonable ObamaCare replacement. The better news is that many of the at the top of their agenda. The exit deal, and that Britain be allowed templates for high-quality trade Prime Minister needs to prove Brexit to enjoy the negotiating flexibility to Mrs. May can achieve a similar deals already exist, including parts won’t result in Britain’s economic which it’s entitled as a member of effect by aggressively shedding the of the Trans-Pacific Partnership that isolation. The President could the World Trade Organization. EU’s Franco-German-style product- Mr. Trump shelved on Monday. benefit from showing that he can safety and financial rules that have American and British negotiators deliver the “fair deals” he promised Then there’s the economic never been a good fit for Britain’s can borrow relevant language to in the campaign. They should get opportunity. Each country already economy and that also created help liberalize services, harmonize one done fast. exports more than $100 billion to the sticking points in previous trans- regulations, open agriculture and put other every year. Britain has an $8 Atlantic trade talks. in place new protections for foreign Political momentum matters as billion trade surplus, but that largely investors. much as the fine print when it comes reflects its competitive advantages None of this is to say that a deal will to trade deals, and that’s the case in financial services, not be easy, even with broad political Conventional wisdom and many here. Pro-trade Republicans in manufacturing. A trade deal could goodwill. Britain will need to trade lawyers claim that a bilateral Congress, including House Speaker open new opportunities for U.S. renegotiate its own WTO deal remains a distant dream. But Paul Ryan, are eager to expand manufacturers and farmers whose commitments as it steps out of the Brexit and Mr. Trump’s election are markets for U.S. goods and services access to Britain has been limited by EU umbrella, as it will have to upending a lot of conventional and make common cause with Mr. the EU’s excessive regulation. rebuild its own financial regulations wisdom. Mrs. May and Mr. Trump Trump. Key Trump advisers seem independent of Brussels. Robert can help their countries by eager to help Brexit succeed, which An agreement could also offer both Lighthizer, Mr. Trump’s nominee for establishing a strong cooperative is another reason to get a deal done sides additional incentives to cut U.S. Trade Representative, is an relationship, and a bilateral trade soon lest a potential Democratic their own regulatory red tape. British old-school mercantilist who prefers deal should be a top priority. Speaker Nancy Pelosi scuttle it in insurers have long complained to negotiate national market shares 2019. about the state-level insurance rather than general rules of open Viktor Orban : Hungary and the Crisis of Europe In the annals of The Danger Is Here, Now higher than that among natives. In brushing over national cultures on a European history, For the West, “what is” has become most cases, the nations of Europe massive scale. 2015 will go down increasingly difficult to disentangle have failed to integrate even the as the inception of a new era. It from “what ought to be.” By contrast, masses that have gradually poured But a glance at the documents marked the end of an age when we our perception of the real remains in from Asia and Africa over the issued by the European Union on could take Europe’s secure and as sharp and cold as common course of several decades. How can the subject establishes that while it sheltered status for granted, sense. We have learned that the we now expect countries to integrate urges measures to deal with illegal assured in the knowledge that it was real is that which refuses to migrants quickly, with large numbers migration, it has no idea what it all up to Europe and no one else. disappear even if we have stopped arriving all at once? wants to achieve. More than a year and a half has believing in it. Admittedly, Europe is suffering from Is the goal, as I would like to passed since I first warned of the believe, to put a stop to illegal danger posed by a potential new That compels us to recognize that an aging and dwindling population. the second and third decades of the But if we try to solve this problem by migration by halting uncontrolled wave of mass migration. Today, that entry? Or is it, as the European mass migration is an accomplished 21st century will be defined by the relying on newly arriving Muslims, mass migration of peoples. Until we will squander our way of life, our Commission would have it, merely fact, one that no sane person would to slow the migration process? For dispute. recently we thought such things security, our very selves. Unless we could happen only in times gone by make a stand, and do so quickly, the myself, I want to stop it altogether Why were we, Hungarians — or, and were relegated to history books. tension between an aging Europe because it’s a bad thing. If all the EU rather, East Central Europeans — We would not face the impending and a young Muslim world — wants is to slow migration, they the first to recognize this threat? danger of an unprecedented mass between a Europe unable to provide cannot possibly regard it as a bad Several possibly concurrent of people — greater than the total its own young with work and an thing in itself. The Commission explanations are conceivable. population of some European undertrained Muslim ghetto — will seems to support the notion that Perhaps it had to do with the countries — setting out for our spiral out of hand in the heart of migration is harmful only in its tempestuous times we lived through, continent in the coming years. Now Europe. present form and may even have the shock waves of historic turmoil, that danger is upon us. some benefits. Ordinary Europeans know this well the toil and struggle that followed More than 60 percent of Europeans the democratic turn of history in Parallel societies have been rearing enough. In the past year, the their heads in several European Hungarian government have no doubt whatsoever that a 1990. Our Western partners direct correlation exists between the experienced the last 50 to 60 years countries — displacing the world we commissioned a public-opinion poll know as ours, the one we hope to encompassing 28 member states of escalation of terrorism, higher crime very differently. There, it was all rates, and migration. about success, prosperity, a pass to our children and the European Union. It revealed that grandchildren. Not all of those who more than 60 percent of Europeans predictable future, well-trodden paths to a better life. To us, all that come here intend to accept our have no doubt whatsoever that a seems like a fantasy world where ways of life. Some see their own direct correlation exists between the And in fact, EU documents have ideology mingles with illusion and customs and worldview as more escalation of terrorism, higher crime time and again suggested that reality, the boundaries become valuable, stronger, and more viable. rates, and migration. By the same accepting high migration levels blurred between nation and nation, But these are of little use to us as token, 63 percent believe that could solve Europe’s demographic culture and culture, man and we struggle to replenish the work migration transforms the culture of problems. Currently Hungary is woman, the sacred and the profane, force that is now abandoning the the host country. Illegal migration evaluating a package of measures freedom and responsibility, noble manufacturing plants of Western presents a threat, facilitates comprising seven elements intentions and actual action. Europe — for generations, the terrorism, and boosts crime. It published by the Commission in unemployment rate among residents repaints Europe’s cultural face, May and July 2016. These not born in Europe has many times proposals failed to make the vital

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 10 distinction between genuine asylum synagogue. Several generations migration crisis: a mandatory quota seekers and migrants with economic have been raised in this cultural system for resettling migrants motivations. Hungary respects its milieu, but they were free to fashion Let me add something that may among member states. Hungary has commitments to provide shelter for their own vision of society, rather surprise you: Hungary’s was the fifth strongly opposed this scheme. genuine asylum seekers but insists than obeying instructions handed fence of its kind to be built in the that member states are free to down from a remote, faceless territory of the European Union. Our approach is grounded in the decide whether they want to institution. realities of migration: First, until we Today we have arrived at a gain control of our borders, any address their demographic or labor- consensus on the protection of market shortages with migration. For us, the challenge of mass scheme of distributing migrants will migration equals a call to protect our external borders, and we’ve greatly only send a dangerous message of How, therefore, does Hungary culture, because we are a small narrowed the gaps in our views on encouragement and invitation to propose to deal with this crisis? country, by American standards, related issues. One of them is the those outside hoping to enter. And What principles should guide us? and because this is what our need for measures to counteract the Europe still lacks consistent and traditions require us to do. root causes of migration. We have coherent legislation to regulate Hungary’s cultural homogeneity — agreed that it’s best for people mass migration. Second, mandatory The Call — and the Right — to and I deliberately say cultural rather needing our help to receive it as settlement by quotas will remain Protect Our Culture than ethnic homogeneity — the close to their homeland as possible. impossible as long as the human There is no escape from protecting sense that our culture is essentially Cooperation with countries of origin smugglers or the migrants are free our external borders. This is a cut from the same cloth, with the and transit has improved greatly. To to pick their ultimate destination binding obligation for every country diversity of patterns subsumed in a the best of our abilities, we have country. Third, this message will in the Schengen Area — a territory greater unity, will serve us well in increased humanitarian and trigger a wave of millions of established in 1985 (though it the future. financial aid. Nobody has reason to economic migrants. But better became functional only in 1995) in feel let down by Hungary. standards of living cannot be which internal border checks have Hungary may not be counted among Unfortunately, a mass migration is regarded as a fundamental right, no been largely abolished. If a country the larger EU member states, but matter how ardently we may wish to is incapable of fulfilling this owing to its geographical situation, it never peaceful. When large masses of people set out in search of a new provide those standards to obligation, it must relinquish it to the has more than once acted as a everyone. others. If it refuses to do so — which conduit of historic change. In 1989, home, conflicts inevitably ensue, it may as a matter of sovereign right Germany and Hungary made because others have already settled What is happening in Brussels today — then it must accept having its European history together when we the place they want to settle. Those is sheer absurdity — there is no membership in Schengen opened our Western borders to East earlier settlers will want to defend better word for it. It is as if the suspended. Germans seeking asylum from their home, their culture, and their captain of a ship heading for a Communism via Austria. In 2015, way of life. It is not impossible to put collision busied himself by Next, we must take action to ensure Germany and Hungary again the brakes on mass migration. designating nonsmoking lifeboats that all illegal migrants are promptly entered the limelight of a European Europe is a 500-million-strong instead of steering clear of the returned to their home country or, if debate. Each day that summer saw community in possession of a obstacle, or as if we were debating that is unsafe, to one of the safe- the arrival at the Hungarian–Serbian strong-enough economy and how much water we should let pour transit countries. No development or border of more than 10,000 sufficiently advanced technology to into each cabin instead of mending visa policy benefit should be migrants. They flouted European defend itself. Yes, we make a the breach. extended to a country that fails to regulations, which required them to distinction between individual comply with rules for the protection claim asylum in the member state in migrants and the phenomenon of of Hungary’s citizens. In other which they first arrived, but they had migration. The individual migrant — Unelected Brussels Bureaucrats words, Europe’s development and already entered and then passed barring terrorists — tends to be a vs. The People visa policies toward countries through another member state of the victim more than anything else. He That Brussels is incapable of outside it should not be Schengen Area. Responsibility for is an individual victimized by organizing the ranks of defense for unconditional but attached to ensuring controlled crossing rests misfortune, increasing hardship in Europe is bad news; that it has no positive conditions. with those states on an EU external his home country, bad local intention of doing so is worse still. In border, so we had no choice but to governance, our own policies that Budapest, Warsaw, Prague, and Yet we cannot begin to protect our entice migration, and immigrant Bratislava, we find it difficult to citizens unless we know precisely erect a physical barrier. smugglers. On the other hand, comprehend how we have ended up who wants to enter the country and migration in its entirety is killing us. in a position where we are supposed why. We are entitled to choose the Why Reinforced Borders Are And migration manifests itself in a to allow anyone from another people with whom we want to live Necessary and Humane multitude of individual migrants. continent and culture to enter and say no to those with whom we Early in the fall of 2015, we built a without any measure of control. How do not want to live. This fence on the external green border This is why we have a duty — was it possible for the natural, discretionary principle is not in of the Schengen Area. We did this sympathize as we may with indeed elemental, instinct to defend conflict with the universal principle of to protect one of the greatest individuals whom we see as victims ourselves, our families, our homes, protecting refugees. We accept that achievements of Europe: the — to stop them at our reinforced and our lands to atrophy in our principle, but we must make it clear, freedom of movement of the borders and to make it clear that civilization? Yet, apparently, it has first, that we do not want terrorists common internal market. Protecting those crossing illegally will be jailed done so. among us and, second, that we a border is not a nice thing. It is not in Hungary or legally deported from have a right to handle any a matter of aesthetics; it cannot be the country. All things considered, And we discovered this fact in 2015 demographic crisis as we see fit. done with flowers and teddy bears. defending our borders by building a when everything changed overnight. And, finally, legal immigration is For Germany and other centrally fence to keep out people is a We awoke one morning to voices subject to certain shared rules, but located countries, the external necessity. There is no more-humane clamoring for Willkommenskultur, to the issue ultimately is one of border lies at a remove of several alternative when it comes to demands that we must change all national competence and discretion, hundred kilometers. These centrally protecting ourselves. We must act the previous rules and agreements because the situation of each situated countries placed their trust humanely, within the law, while to make good on the promise of member state is unique. Here in in member states on the periphery, honoring transparency, but with firm refuge. The leaders of Europe keep Hungary, for instance, we struggle relying on them to carry out the task resolve. telling us that we must help. From to integrate hundreds of thousands the highest echelons of power, we at hand. By doing so, we After all, the migrants are hardly the of Roma citizens into the labor safeguarded the lifestyle, economic are being entreated to open our market. No fewer than 13 ones to blame for this. All they are homes in the name of solidarity. model, and safety so dearly doing is acting in what they think is recognized minorities send delegate cherished by Europeans. spokespersons to Hungary’s their own best interest. The problem If we hesitate to do so, we cannot be National Assembly. The Catholic Protecting a border is not a nice is that we Europeans will not do accused of callousness. We have cathedral in Budapest is just a thing. It is not a matter of aesthetics; what would best serve our own learned the principal law of stone’s throw away from the it cannot be done with flowers and interests. The institutions in Brussels assistance: If we help them where impressive building of the city’s main teddy bears. have put their faith mainly in a single we are, they will flock here; if we instrument with which to solve the

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 11 help them where they are, they will possibility. The Berlin massacre at Munich, or Berlin can happen in Trump’s third point follows on from stay at home, in their native land. the Christmas market; the terrorist virtually any other corner of Europe that: the necessity of reinforcing attacks in France; the hundreds of tomorrow. borders. What we see today is that Instead of recognizing this truth, migrants starting to march from the greatest pressure on the Brussels encouraged people living Belgrade toward Hungary; Brexit: All The uncertainty and fear that European continent will come from in some of the most impoverished these suggest a very complex characterize the European psyche Africa. Today it is Syria and Libya, and troubled parts of the planet to future. Add to this the election of today kill the soul. Fear forces but we need to brace ourselves for come to Europe, trading the life they Donald Trump as America’s everyone — countries, people, the migrant pressure that will soon knew for something better. How president. The surface families, the actors in the economy come from below Libya. Let me could this have happened? I am manifestations are illegal migration, — to curl up like a hedgehog in a quote a few figures that give us an convinced that in Brussels and a few terrorism, and uncertainty. But defensive position. He who lives in idea of the magnitude of the other European capitals, the political where do they all come from? fear will not undertake great things population growth in the next 20 and intellectual elites are pitted but retreat into defense. Faced with years or so. The population of Egypt against most of the people, who still Until recently, young people in crises, he will decide that nothing will have increased from 90 million nourish patriotic and commonsense Germany, France, Britain, and much can be done about them or, to 138 million by 2050; Nigeria’s, sympathies. Indeed, as far as I can Belgium were told that if they worse, that they are not real crises. from 186 million to 390 million; see, the leading politicians are well finished school, respected the law, This attitude will not help Europe Uganda’s, from 38 million to 93 aware that this division exists. If that honored their parents, and worked reclaim its leading role. Great feats million; Ethiopia’s, from 102 million is so, it means that the real problem hard, they would achieve more and require a generous soul, an open to 228 million. Extrapolating from is not on the outside but inside have a better life than their parents mind, and a big heart, the readiness present trends to make predictions Europe. The main threat to the had. This was the prospect that to absorb all knowledge and remain is always problematic, but we have future of Europe is not those who sustained the allure of the great open to new ideas, as well as nothing better than our current want to come here to live but our European dream that the European cooperation and trust. If you have knowledge to rely on in preparing for own political, economic, and Union is an attempt to realize. In those things, you will be able to the future. intellectual elites bent on Hungary, this prospect was accomplish great things, as we transforming Europe against the nonexistent between 1945 and attempted recently when we Trump’s proposals at least clear will of the European people. 1990, at most a distant dream; but it spiritually unified the Hungarian acknowledge such threats and was regarded as a given, even a nation across the borders or when propose solutions to them. Europe The main threat to the future of commonplace, in the European we restored to health the Hungarian by contrast has avoided dealing Europe is not those who want to Union and the United States. economy in record time to make up realistically with threats; instead, it come here to live but our own for the inertia of the last 50 years. crafts policies that concentrate on political, economic, and intellectual Today, if you promise the same formulating “European solutions” elites bent on transforming Europe things to a European youth, your that solve nothing. against the clear will of the message will fall on deaf ears at Enter Trump European people. best. More likely, it will be ridiculed. President Trump has not yet had the We must now reconsider all political chance to show his true mettle. We actions and proposals that seek to The leaders of our societies are also wish him well. Although new to the transfer powers from nation-states suffering from this loss of morale. international political arena, he to Brussels. Indeed, it is plain to see that on this Indeed, the symptoms I have issue, the European Union is divided recently made three proposals to described go hand in hand with an into two camps: unionists and curb terrorism that addressed it unspoken but manifest crisis of the realistically and in a problem-solving sovereignists. The unionists call for European elite. In Western Europe, In light of Europe’s non-solutions, a United States of Europe and way. He said, first of all, that curbing national sovereignty would the center Right (the Christian America needs to create the best mandatory quotas, while the Democrats) and the center Left have be a very grave danger. There are sovereignists desire a Europe of secret service in the world as a threats against which Brussels is taken turns at the helm of Europe for precondition for everything else. I free and sovereign nations and will the past 50 to 60 years. But powerless, against which we can not hear of quotas of any kind. That agree. In Europe, too, our national- defend ourselves only as individual, increasingly, they have offered the level secret services must be is how the mandatory migrant quota same programs and thus a sovereign nations. We weaken has come to encapsulate and capable of world-class performance ourselves when we hand those diminishing arena of political choice. in their field, and the cooperation symbolize our era. It is an important The leaders of Europe always seem problems over to the EU. So we issue in and of itself, but it also among them must facilitate that. must now reconsider all political to emerge from the same elite, the This is paramount for our security. possesses symbolic significance as same general frame of mind, the actions and proposals that seek to the distilled essence of everything same schools, and the same His second imperative was to transfer powers from nation-states we find undesirable and disruptive institutions that rear generation after abandon the policy of exporting to Brussels. among the nations of Europe. We generation of politicians to this day. democracy as if it were soap or a For decades, the mainstream cannot allow Brussels to put itself They take turns implementing the cell phone, usable in all markets above the law. We cannot allow it to answer to European problems was same policies. Now that their with no side effects. Again, I agree. “more Europe.” We have to shift the consequences of its own assurance has been called into Consider: Why are all these policy onto those who have abided recognize, however, that there are question by the economic meltdown, migrants from Africa crossing the areas where we need more Europe (as we have) by each and every however, an economic crisis has Mediterranean even as we speak? treaty and piece of legislation. and areas where we need less quickly turned into the crisis of the They are arriving here because Europe. We need more Europe Yet it is becoming obvious that elite. Europeans (and later the Western when common action at a European world under the umbrella of the Hungary is being penalized. Our More important, this crisis of the level — such as on security and critics inside and outside European U.N.) managed to shatter the Libyan defense — can help member states elite — sprouted from the economic regime. It was an anti-democratic institutions seek to construe our crisis — has now become a crisis of attain their national objectives. And actions as foreign to European regime, to be sure, but an extremely there can be areas where we need democracy itself. Large masses of stable one that maintained border politics — including our people today want something less Europe, less red tape, and constitutional affirmation of Christian protections. We helped destroy it, fewer regulatory burdens, to allow radically different from what but we did little to establish a new roots, our demographic policy, and traditional elites want. This is the the member states to flourish our efforts to unify our nation government capable of stabilizing through competition. deep cause of the restlessness, the country. It was the same story scattered across borders. At the anxiety, and tension erupting on the same time, nobody can rule out the with Syria and the same again with Europeans, both as people and as surface time and again in the wake Iraq. If we carry on with similar peoples, can do many things that possibility that in the years to come, of a terrorist attack or some other the mainstream will follow precisely attempts to export democracy, we “Europe” cannot. A European Union act of violence, or when we confront will end up destabilizing regions that recognizes this truth and allows the course that Hungary has set a seemingly unstoppable tidal wave forth. where we should be fortifying what a variety of national solutions will of migration. We grow ever more little stability there is; and thus we’ll find that its problems shrink What we see in Europe today apprehensive, because we feel that bring on a never-ending influx of mysteriously while its back is turned. certainly does not exclude that what happens today in Nice, migrants.

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 12

A longer version of this article online. — Viktor Orban is the prime minister appears at the Hungarian Review of Hungary.

European Investors Bet on Economic Revival Riva Gold Henderson Global Investors. even if there is a fresh leg higher in purchases hadn’t been discussed by the U.S. policy makers. Updated Jan. 26, The Stoxx Europe 600, a broad 2017 7:14 p.m. ET index of European shares, closed That is mainly because the ECB is Sovereign-bond yields tend to track Thursday at its highest level since still, for now, buying up billions of interest-rate expectations, and the Investors are gaining faith that the December 2015, having gained euros of bonds every month through ECB’s negative deposit rate has long-sluggish European economy is 1.7% this year. its quantitative-easing program, depressed yields in the eurozone, finally on an upswing. known as QE, pushing up demand. just as its bond purchases have Shares of European banks have Yields on German 10-year propped up demand. But some lately outperformed sectors that “They committed to QE until the end investors think a small move away government bonds rose to 0.49%, attract investors during lackluster of this year,” said Nick Gartside, according to Tradeweb, closing at from the ECB’s extremely economic periods, signaling a bet international chief investment officer accommodative stance could their highest level in a year, and that a recovery in the region, and of global fixed income at J.P. French and Italian bond yields are at reverse the pull these policies exert the broader global economy, will Morgan Asset Management. “The on yields. their highest since September and boost corporate profits. consequence of QE is it sucks July 2015, respectively. By one bonds out of the market this year.” European yields are also responding measure, European stocks broadly The difference in share performance Mr. Gartside said eurozone bonds to the steep jump in the U.S. are hovering at levels last seen in in economically sensitive sectors in should outperform the U.S. this Treasury market as global growth December 2015. Europe over defensive ones has year, a view that he is mainly acting and inflation expectations have been the sharpest since 2009, on through corporate-bond markets. picked up around the world. On Investors for months have been according to strategists at Deutsche reacting to expectations for higher Thursday, the 10-year Treasury Bank AG. Others, such as Mr. Patel, said it is yield fell to 2.508%, as prices were U.S. growth and inflation, and too early to call the right level for the potentially higher U.S. interest rates. With eurozone growth and inflation boosted by solid demand from a German bund yield until the sale of seven-year notes. The yield Now, they have set their focus on expectations picking up, policy monetary policy and political Europe, where economic data makers and investors are discussing has climbed from 1.867% on dynamics of a region that will hold a Election Day. suggest the region will finally take the prospect that the European number of key elections this year part in a global economic recovery. Central Bank’s extraordinary are clearer. Mr. Athey said the recent gains in monetary stimulus measures will Consumer prices rose in December German yields are likely to be come to an end. Still, on Tuesday, ECB executive sustained, particularly if Mr. Trump in all but one of the eurozone’s 19 board member Sabine members amid a recovery in The ECB’s negative interest-rate can push through fiscal stimulus in Lautenschläger, a former German the U.S., which has added to the commodity prices. In the same policy and bond-buying program central-bank official, said she was month, Eurozone economic activity have been key in pushing bond postelection climb in Treasury “optimistic that we can soon turn to yields. also surged to a five-year high, while yields lower. But such measures, the question of an exit” from easy- unemployment fell to a seven-year aimed at stimulating growth and money policies. That is the first time “There’s no point calling a top in low near the end of last year. inflation, may be less warranted if that a board member has indicated German yields if we continue to see both are starting to gain momentum. The selloff in the German bond that the days of the bank’s €2.3 U.S. yields higher,” he said. “Were market, seen as a bellwether for Although investors are only trillion ($2.47 trillion) bond-purchase history to judge this period with Europe, is particularly notable. beginning to price in a moderate program may be numbered. hindsight…I think this will be seen as more of a return to normality.” Investors tend to sell bonds when chance of higher eurozone interest The rhetoric from the ECB is the economy is stronger, as inflation rates in three to four years, “it changing significantly, said James —Christopher Whittall contributed to eats into returns on fixed-income changes the way you assess Athey, fixed-income fund manager this article. investments. As bond prices fall, things,” Mr. Patel said. “For the first at Aberdeen Asset Management. yields rise. time in several years, we have to Write to Riva Gold at think more seriously about the François Villeroy de Galhau, the [email protected] “We were all looking at what was potential timing of future rate hikes head of France’s central bank, said going on in the U.S., and now bund from the ECB.” Thursday that the ECB hasn’t yields are leading the way,” said discussed any exit strategy, a week Mitul Patel, head of interest rates at Some investors are skeptical that after ECB President Mario Draghi yields in Europe will continue to rise, said the issue of winding down bond Editorial : Europe Needs New Rules for the Uber Economy The Editors second might leave workers open to view as suspect a business model First, rather than aiming to impose a exploitation. that succeeds partly by shirking top-down solution, the EU should The European Union is grappling regulation: The EU is wary of welcome different approaches with Uber and its peers, asking how The European Parliament is calling anything that weakens its among its member states. Let best to regulate businesses that for a maximalist approach. It commitment to social protection. national regulators try different connect buyers and sellers in the recently proposed a stronger The trouble is, labor laws in many models and see what works best. so-called sharing economy. EU European Pillar of Social Rights, euro-zone countries already stifle Second, accept that many non- policy is shaping up to be much too including labor protections for all job creation and innovation. traditional kinds of work don’t fall heavy-handed. workers, “regardless of the type of Extending that framework to so- readily into the old categories of contract or employment called platform companies would employed or self-employed. Some A big question for these new relationship.” This “core of social enterprises is whether the people discourage new enterprises from jurisdictions recognize a third group rights” is impressively wide-ranging, forming and expanding. It would -- dependent contractors. For supplying the services are deemed including provisions on work-life to be employees (with rights also hasten automation -- in effect, workers that combine attributes of balance, training, maternity leave, solving the worker-protection employees (direction from protected by labor laws) or collective bargaining, in-work independent contractors (with little problem by reducing the number of managers, for instance) and support for people with disabilities, workers. independent contractors (wide or no such protection). The answer and much else besides. isn’t obvious, and a lot is at stake. discretion over whether and when to A better answer is to emphasize turn up for work), a similarly hybrid The first treatment could put many Europe’s policy-makers see the flexibility, in two main ways. of the firms out of business; the benefits of the sharing economy, but

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 13

approach with a lighter regulatory effective social safety net. This That’s why, with or without the likes To contact the senior editor touch makes sense. protection should be seen as a of Uber, Europe should be responsible for Bloomberg View’s public good, to be financed by liberalizing its labor laws across the editorials: David Shipley at At the same time, governments citizens at large. Pushing those board. Applying its “core of social [email protected]. should accept the taxpayer’s role in costs on to employers will only hold rights” to the sharing economy providing better economic security back the demand for workers. would indeed promote equality -- by for workers, whatever their terms of giving more people an equally good employment. More flexible working The Sharing Economy chance of being unemployed. arrangements can add to insecurity, which adds to the need for a more

INTERNATIONAL

Trump’s Pox Americana Paul McLeary | 1 and institutions with the United From the soaring spirit of the poetry beliefs. We opposed ethno- hour ago States playing a central role. A inscribed at the base of the Statue nationalism; now we have overnight corollary has been the ongoing of Liberty, we have gone to turning emerged as an acknowledged The new president has sounded an commitment to promoting, a deaf ear to those most in need. leader and supporter of a global unprecedented retreat for the preserving, and actively protecting movement based on nationalism United States from its role as a certain core American values, which From the soaring spirit of the poetry and fomenting hatred of “the Other.” world leader. include standing up to potential inscribed at the base of the Statue global threats, rejecting aggression, of Liberty, we have gone to turning Rather than seeking to preserve the America’s foreign policy has a deaf ear to those most in need. sanctity of democracy and the changed more in the week since promoting free markets and global trade, supporting democracy, From working to knit together principle of self-determination of Donald Trump took office than it has Europe to help ensure its stability peoples, this president has actively at any time since the end of World honoring our alliances and commitments, and infusing our and ours, we have gone to called for foreign governments to War II. Given the changes that supporting nationalist movements meddle in U.S. elections, rejected occurred in 1991 with the end of the actions with a sense of humanity and compassion wherever possible. that seek to tear it down. From assertions that one such Cold War and after the attacks on focusing on the Atlantic alliance as government, Russia, had done so 9/11, that is saying something. But We have also shown a respect for science and technological progress the centerpiece of U.S. security, we despite all the evidence to the the changes ushered in by Trump have a commander in chief who has contrary, and has subsequently — often without benefit of as a force for good. Have we strayed from these principles? Of posited that not only is NATO defended and embraced the consultation with his cabinet obsolete but that we may not honor leadership of that anti-democratic departments, experts of any sort, or course. Have we violated them from time to time? Yes, that too. But its most important provision — that regime — as well as given comfort the legislative branch of government an attack on one is an attack on all. to many others and to dubious or — cut to the core philosophies that have we always made an effort to at least seemingly be guided by them, From the present-at-the-creation rogue leaders from Syria to the have guided America in the modern moment at which we helped build Philippines. era, as well as to the specifics of and have we usually sought to do so? Yes. the United Nations and the other relations with an extraordinarily institutions of the international order Foundational policies that both wide array of countries and regions. In short order, Donald Trump has (not purely to help others, but often Democratic and Republican administrations have hewed to have The most profound of these discounted serious threats, to advance our own interests), we embraced aggressors, announced a have announced a policy to defund also been cast aside or dramatically changes is that after almost a undercut. This is the first century of American leadership on reversal in international trade and the U.N. and to undercut the economic policy (that echoes international trading system. From administration since the 1930s to the world stage, Trump has actively embrace and even promote unabashedly sounded the retreat. American policies of the Smoot- being the nation that used science Hawley, pre-World War II era), and technology to put a man on the the interests of the government in Whether under the umbrella of his the Kremlin. The “One China” policy “America First” views, his embraced anti-democratic forces at moon and built the internet, we home and abroad, threatened to have become a nation whose leader that has been a pillar of U.S. foreign willingness to let other powers take policy for almost half a century was the lead, his distrust of international reject or not honor alliances or rejects science, seeks to suppress treaties from NATO to NAFTA, and facts on government websites, and cast aside during the transition (as institutions, or pure ignorance, he was the important concept that the has ushered in a shift from what turned his back groundlessly on denies the indisputable global threat refugees and immigrants including of climate change. United States had “one president at was hailed as the Pax Americana to a time”). The long-standing what may soon be seen as the Pox those whose plights America has contributed to. He has also undercut America was once a nation that was friendship America has had with its Americana, a blight befalling the seen as actively arguing for the neighbor and one of its most world as a consequence of mean- our commitment to long-standing efforts to improve the world and principles that made the country important trading partners, Mexico, spirited, ill-considered, short-sighted great — sometimes too actively for has been imperiled by Trump’s U.S. foreign policy. America’s standing in it — from announcing an intention to no the taste of many around the world. desire to vilify Mexicans for political This can be clearly seen when we longer support vital health programs We made the case for a free press; game and to literally erect a wall take each of the major foreign- for women to rolling back climate now the president assails the between our two countries. As policy actions one at a time. change mitigation policies to cutting media, publicly attacks journalists noted above, America’s most back on international aid and as “the most dishonest people” on important alliance, NATO, has had First, there is the shift away from support for multilateral institutions. Earth, and thus sends a message to its future thrown into doubt. The the foundational concepts that have authoritarian leaders worldwide that policy of supporting right-wing, anti- guided American foreign policy From the mentality of “Mr. he is a kindred spirit. We celebrated EU parties in Europe (which also since World War II. At the heart of Gorbachev, tear down that wall!” we freedom of religion; now we have advances the interests of Russia) is American leadership since the have gone to one of building new become a nation that has embraced contrary to America’s long- defeat of Nazism, fascism, and the walls that separate us from friends Islamophobia and seems to be established support for Japanese empire has been a belief and vital allies. taking steps to punish individuals multilateralism and undercuts the in an international system of laws simply because of their religious economic and political strength of

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 14 our allies. Our long-standing policy Of course, it remains to be seen engage war veterans, efforts to and to achieve long-term national of siting the U.S. Embassy in Israel whether and how he follows through preserve genealogy records of goals for our intellectual and in Tel Aviv has been thrown into on actions taken to date or on his enslaved African-American families, economic well-being.” question (not for the first time … but other threats and promises. It is and children’s programs run by the Commissioned by the American in a way that was, at least at first, unclear whether he has any real Oklahoma City Ballet. Academy of Arts and Sciences and troublingly abrupt). understanding of what he is doing. carried out by an ideologically (Though even the most fair-minded Trump’s salvo on the NEA is hardly diverse, nonpartisan group of While the administration of Barack observer could not help but think at without precedent. Ronald Reagan scholars, business leaders, and Obama had a record of indecision, this point that he does not.) took aim at the agency in 1981, only former politicians, the study argued inaction, and a failure to protect to have a task force including that strong humanities education is U.S. interests in Syria and Iraq, the Perhaps once he has more of his Charlton Heston investigate and essential to producing future former president recognized Bashar government in place, he may solicit, conclude it was too important to generations of successful al-Assad as a menace to his people get, and perhaps even heed better dismantle. In 1989, explicit photos Americans who are knowledgeable, and did not explicitly support advice than he seems to be by Robert Mapplethorpe and analytical, and worldly. The report Russia’s intervention in support of receiving from his “gang of five” or controversial artworks involving recommended increased funding for Assad. The new president’s press his own “very good brain.” But there Christian symbols juxtaposed with NEH and was welcomed by secretary recently announced a is no question that significant urine triggered a new firestorm, with Republican congressional leaders, willingness to have U.S. forces fight damage has already been done. Sens. Jesse Helms and Alfonse including Tennessee Sen. Lamar alongside Russian ones in Syria Further, should it emerge that he D’Amato rallying against the agency Alexander and then-Rep. Tom Petri (despite questions of whether or not has the ability and the inclination to alongside Pat Robertson and the of Wisconsin. this is even legal). institutionalize the changes he has Christian right. Their efforts to put in place, it is undoubtedly true defund NEA failed in Congress. In The decades-old culture war The George W. Bush administration that by the time he leaves office, 1994, Newt Gingrich renewed the arguments take on a deeper and embraced torture and rendition in a America’s standing will have fallen irruption, broadening his sights to more sinister cast under Donald way that produced an international greatly. Make no mistake: By then, include the NEH and the Trump. During the campaign and outcry and U.S. legislation against other countries will have stepped in Corporation for Public Broadcasting. their early days in office, the Trump future abuses. The Trump team has to fill the void left by the United His arguments centered on team has shown contempt for sought a reversal in these areas as States, and it will take many, many controversial art and scholarships Enlightenment values shared by well. years to undo the consequences of but also claims of government liberals and conservatives alike. All this in a week. It is made all the electing this impulsive, values- waste. Although the overall crusade Concepts like the search for truth, more worrying because candidate challenged, foreign-policy neophyte failed, Gingrich succeeded in the open exchange of ideas, and Trump indicated many other areas as president. ending NEA grants to individual the esteem for culture may read like where he would deviate from long- artists. empty platitudes etched in the walls The new administration is looking to of ivy-covered universities. But they standing, proven, sound U.S. cut federal funding for arts and According to the Hill, Trump’s latest policies — from being open to the are principles that undergird not just humanities education. It’s not cost proposal to scrap the agencies a liberal arts education but also the use of nuclear weapons by U.S. savings; it’s an attack on reason derives from a budget blueprint allied nations in the Pacific to Common Core curriculum taught in itself. proposed by the Heritage hundreds of thousands of U.S. embracing a more hostile stance Foundation, a conservative think with China to entering into trade Last week, reports surfaced that public schools. Unlike principled tank. The Heritage report argues politicians on both sides of the aisle, wars with important economic President Donald Trump will that government funding for the arts partners despite oceans of evidence propose a federal budget that would Trump does not consider evidence and humanities is so dwarfed by that contradicts his views, concern suggesting how damaging such defund entirely the National private philanthropy as to be actions are. And if the last week is Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and himself with the lessons of history, negligible. The blueprint cites the or bring intellectual curiosity to the any indication, we should expect the the National Endowment for the group Citizens Against Government White House to continue to deviate Humanities (NEH). The reasons for task of governing. He has not read Waste, which has declared that any biographies of past presidents from policies that have proved to be cutting these agencies cannot be “actors, artists, and academics are wise and effective. fiscal; combined, they constitute nor read much at all because, as he no more deserving of subsidies than said last summer, “I’m always busy less than .01 percent of the federal their counterparts in other fields.” One friend of mine who is a smart budget. Rather, Trump’s declaration doing a lot.” The process of commentator has suggested that The report further proclaims: exploration, evidence gathering, of war on the arts and humanities “Taxpayers should not be forced to Trump is on many issues a must be seen in the context of his and reasoning that forms the basis throwback, turning back history and pay for plays, paintings, pageants, of the quest for truth in any repudiation of the American ideals and scholarly journals.” perhaps emulating Ronald Reagan — grounded in the Enlightenment academic discipline seems to be — who entertained some of these — of self-expression, knowledge, But, as arts advocates have argued alien to Trump. For him, being ideas. But I would say it is worse. dissent, criticism, and truth. These for decades, funding the arts and called out, rebutted, and even proposals are an early effort to humanities is an essential part of ridiculed for purveying falsehoods is Trump is ahistorical. I think he has cause not for remorse or retraction no idea of history. entrench within the machinery of the what all great nations do. It is U.S. government his elemental neither trivial, wasteful, nor quixotic. but rather reinforcement of the lies Trump is ahistorical. I think he has disdain for intellectuals, analysts, All 56 U.S. states and territories and reproof of those who dare no idea of history. And let’s and experts. Seen this way, they provide arts funding, a mark of the challenge them. remember — Reagan was fiercely deserve to be rejected even by wide recognition of the need and As was to some degree true for tough on Russia, pro-free trade, and conservatives who have gleefully value of these resources. Thriving Richard Nixon, Reagan, and his policies in many areas evidence targeted these agencies in the past. arts sectors are proven educational George W. Bush, Trump’s a humanity and respect for If Donald Trump makes our and economic assets, as well as campaign and philosophy of fundamental U.S. values that venerable federal arts and catalysts for tourism and urban governing aim to associate art and Trump’s do not. It is also not humanities agencies disappear, it renewal. They are essential intellectualism with out-of-touch irrelevant that Trump has less will represent a victory for his transmitters of cultural heritage and elites who have broken the trust of government and international illiberal agenda, one conservatives national identity. Philanthropists are rural and less educated populations. experience than any president in and liberals must unite to defeat. key, but their proclivities need to be But prior Republican presidents’ U.S. history. Nor is it of no augmented with public-interested The NEA and NEH were both fervor in this quest was tempered consequence that his transactional support for projects that may not both by ties to avid cultural patrons approach to life to date, combined founded in 1965 through legislation attract private money. passed with strong bipartisan — people like New York society with his global business interests, doyenne Brooke Astor and, more creates enormous ethical support. In recent years, they have In 2013, the case for support for the supported thousands of projects in humanities was boosted by a recently, the Koch brothers — and challenges that could color his by links to conservative thinkers behavior and further lead him to the arts and humanities in every bipartisan, congressionally U.S. state and territory, including instigated study on how to “maintain including Allan Bloom and William deviate from what is in America’s F. Buckley, who championed best interest. writing and arts programs that national excellence in humanities …

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 15 particular American intellectual “Autocratic power requires the dictators the world over — disabling and ideas of the American traditions. Trump holds no such degradation of moral authority — the intelligentsia because their founding,” including “individual allegiances. He personally has a not the capture of moral high reasoned, thought-provoking freedom.” The think tank long history of denigrating the arts, ground, not the assertion of the right arguments pose a serious threat to emphasizes providing “timely, dating back to his 1980 decision, to judge good and evil, but the the authoritarian regime. accurate research” and employs when building Trump Tower, to defeat of moral principles as such,” many dozens of staff described as destroy a set of art deco reliefs on wrote Russian-American journalist As the American Academy’s study scholars, researchers and experts. the site that he knew were sought Masha Gessen in the New York noted, “the humanities—including Although Heritage and other after by the Metropolitan Museum of Review of Books. The principles the study of languages, literature, conservatives’ hostility toward the Art. Trump is right to argue that that Trump aims to defeat include history, film, civics, philosophy, NEA and NEH might have been economic stratification risks leaving the bedrock tenets of the religion, and the arts—foster consistent with their small- tens of millions of Americans Enlightenment and of American creativity, appreciation of our government principles in years past, behind. But his lies and hypocrisies democracy — that rational thought, commonalities and our differences, they cannot square their stated seem to beg voters to suspend the informed debate, and measured and knowledge of all kinds.… [T]hey purposes with the far more insidious critical faculties essential for a discourse form the basis of good help us understand what it means to current campaign to dismantle the functioning democratic citizenry. government. Trump’s affinity toward be human and connect us with our role of inquiry, creativity, reason, Russian President Vladimir Putin global community.” The study of the and truth in American society. For Trump’s assault on truth, though and indifference toward the Russian humanities is an antidote to the the Trump administration, the novel and shocking to many leader’s repression of independent bleak, reductionist, and insular attacks on NEH and NEA form part Americans, is a tactic that has been writers, artists, and thinkers suggest worldview proffered by Trump in his of a wider assault on intellectualism tested and proved effective in that, for him, the Heritage playbook inaugural speech. itself. Rather than providing repressive countries around the is just an opening chapter in more In its mission statement, the ammunition to the opponents of world, as many Russian thinkers intensive efforts to defund and reason, Heritage should help roll out and other experts on Heritage Foundation describes itself delegitimize artists and intellectuals. as dedicated to conservative its tank in defense of thought itself. authoritarianism have recently This is another perennial favorite of pointed out. policies based on “the principles Trump lays groundwork to change U.S. role in the world https://www.face [Read the draft of the executive will be made to benefit American participation in international book.com/PhilipR order to rebuild the armed forces] workers and American families,” institutions, has been a rallying cry uckerWP Trump said in his inauguration for conservatives for years. Another draft order under speech. “We must protect our President Trump began this week to consideration would direct the State borders from the ravages of other [Read the draft of the executive reshape the U.S. role in the world, Department to review its countries making our products, order on U.S. funding] laying the groundwork, in a series of designations of foreign terrorist stealing our companies and His words and actions reflect “a planned and signed executive organizations, allowing it to add the destroying our jobs. Protection will actions and statements, for the Muslim Brotherhood to the list, view that the status quo that has lead to great prosperity and essentially grown up over the last “America first” foreign policy on according to an administration strength.” which he campaigned. official who was not authorized to 70 years costs the U.S. more than it discuss it. The group’s status as a [Read the draft of the executive benefits it,” said Richard N. Haass, Already, Trump has mandated legitimate political movement vs. a order on treaties ] president of the Council on Foreign construction of a border wall with terrorist group is controversial in the Relations and a senior official in the Mexico and a clampdown on local Middle East. Such a listing would Trump sees himself as the protector George H.W. Bush administration. immigration enforcement. Other please some, including Egypt and of an American fortress and That view, extending from trade directives drafted but not yet signed Saudi Arabia, but could anger disrupter of a world that is growing policy to traditional alliances, Haass would halt all refugee admissions others, such as Turkey and Qatar. more calamitous and dangerous by said, “is fundamentally flawed in its and entry into the United States of the day. “The world is a total mess,” assumption that American citizens from seven Muslim-majority Trump could sign some of these he said Wednesday in an interview involvement and leadership in the countries deemed terrorist hotbeds; orders as early as Friday during a with ABC News. world has cost us more than it’s declare a moratorium on new scheduled visit to the Pentagon. gained us, but that nonetheless multilateral treaties; and mandate The White House declined to At times, it is difficult to determine appears to be their vision.” audits of U.S. funding for comment on the directives. whether he is laying down the law international organizations, or establishing a negotiating The United Nations, with its welter including the United Nations, with a If implemented, these initiatives and position. Having pushed Mexican of sometimes obscure sub- view toward cutting U.S. voluntary other steps Trump has previewed President Enrique Peña Nieto into a organizations, and the platform it contributions by 40 percent. will usher in a new era of American corner on funding the border wall, often provides for criticism of the foreign policy, after decades of the administration indicated United States, has been a long- Additional pending orders, copies of bipartisan agreement that the Thursday that it considered standing target. which were obtained by The United States has a responsibility to Mexico’s cancellation of a Washington Post, call for a review spread democracy and stand up for presidential visit to Washington a Two of the treaties that Trump’s of cyber capabilities and the oppressed, and that it would mere postponement. proposed executive order makes vulnerabilities, in advance of what is prosper when a united, free world particular mention of as forcing expected to be greater use of prospered. Kori Schake, a former national adherence to “radical domestic offensive powers; and direct the security official in the George W. agendas” — the Convention on the Pentagon to quickly develop plans In the policies Trump has outlined, Bush administration who opposed Elimination of All Forms of to reduce spending on items not there are no apparent trade-offs to Trump’s candidacy, said the Discrimination Against Women and deemed “highest priority,” while be made that balance short-term executive orders are already the Convention on the Rights of the ramping up programs to expand the American advantage with global causing political damage with U.S. Child — are traditional bull’s eyes. armed forces and modernize the goals benefiting the United States allies. “It’s consistent with the way in Like many other U.N.-generated U.S. nuclear deterrent. over the longer term. Instead, as a which President Trump creates treaties, they have never been policy posted on the White House chaos and moves blithely on,” she ratified by the United States. Checkpoint newsletter website on Inauguration Day put it, said. “The world will be more peaceful Trump proposes internal high-level Military, defense and security at and more prosperous with a Many of Trump’s ideas are not new, committees to examine multilateral home and abroad. stronger and more respected although they draw from a wide treaties, with a view toward leaving America.” political spectrum. Trump’s them, as well as a 40 percent cut in Please provide a valid email reimagining of a new 21st-century funding for international address. “Every decision on trade, on taxes, architecture for world order, organizations whose agendas are on immigration, on foreign affairs including a sharp reduction in U.S. “contrary to American interests.” It is

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 16 unclear whether the intent is to cut could not have access to a foreign by the Obama administration. It that is being done is in keeping with funds for U.N. activities such as consular official if we are arrested calls for no bold initiatives but rather White House priorities. peacekeeping forces and abroad; could not have our children for review of areas Trump’s humanitarian programs, as well as returned if abducted by a parent; predecessor had already Of the suggestion that at least some those, already targeted by Trump, and could not prevent foreign ships scrutinized. of Trump’s moves so far may be that support Palestinians and other from polluting our waters.” largely symbolic and eventual groups out of favor with the new [Read the draft of the executive policies could become more administration. While mandates for building a order on cybersecurity] traditional, Schake said, “Oh my border wall, boosting immigration God, that’s the hopeful John B. Bellinger III, who served as law enforcement and barring One line in the proposed order interpretation — that he’s trying to legal counsel to both the National refugees will take immediate effect, appeared to signal that the new take rapid symbolic gestures that Security Council and the State others buy time by establishing administration might want to will please his base and that the Department in the George W. Bush committees and reviews. reorganize agencies or boost legal policy details can get worked out administration, said the treaty authorities to better protect the subsequently when he has a examination was based on a “false The draft Pentagon order begins by country’s civilian government Cabinet in place.” premise . . . that the United States stating, “It shall be the policy of the networks and critical infrastructure. has become party to numerous United States to pursue Peace “The downside, of course, is it Through Strength.” It directs Even as Trump sets direction with brings all of the diplomatic and multilateral treaties that are not in executive orders, the White House the United States’ interest.” Defense Secretary James Mattis to economic downsides of having produce a National Defense is trying to exert direct control over taken the policy action, even if it’s There are “many hundreds of multi- Strategy — something virtually policymaking at federal departments only a symbolic gesture,” she said. lateral treaties that help Americans every administration regularly does and agencies. Although offices in every day in concrete ways,” he — by the beginning of 2018. many departments sit empty as Ellen Nakashima, Missy Ryan, Dan said. Without them, “Americans Cabinet nominees await Lamothe and Thomas Gibbons-Neff could not have our letters delivered There is little apparent controversy confirmation, and sub-Cabinet contributed to this report. in the draft executive order to positions are not yet filled, senior in foreign countries; could not fly over foreign countries or drive on strengthen cybersecurity, a six-page advisers have been deployed from foreign roads using our state document that in tone and the West Wing as liaisons to some driver’s licenses; substance could have been written departments, to ensure the work Ignatius : Trump is his administration’s own worst enemy on foreign policy https://www.face intelligence services would refuse to Whether Trump’s tweeting and his “The U.S. has abandoned any effort book.com/davidignatiusbooks share information with a United alt-right tilt can be tempered by to capture, detain and interrogate States that used such techniques. James Mattis at Defense and Rex terrorists,” argues Rolf Mowatt- President Trump’s slash-and-burn Tillerson at State looks more Larssen, a former CIA officer who actions in his first week have been The weird disconnect between dubious. This will worry foreign now teaches at the Harvard dramatic, but dangerously lacking in Trump’s wrecking-ball comments leaders who had found the Mattis Kennedy School. “Killing terrorists a consensus of support, even within and the more delicate process of and Tillerson nominations with drones does not produce his own administration. The risks governing was illustrated by the flap reassuring, and were prepared to information on terrorist plans and were evident in the collapse of a over a draft executive order to believe that Trump’s bark might be intentions. It makes eminent sense planned meeting with Mexico’s revive the CIA’s “black sites” for worse than his bite on issues that to emphasize recruitment and president and in Trump’s embrace detention and interrogation. After matter to global allies. capture operations in addition to of torture tactics rejected by his the memo surfaced Wednesday in lethal drones and bombings. As the secretary of defense and CIA the New York Times, Trump Trump’s bombastic nature crude saying goes, ‘you can’t kill director. spokesman Sean Spicer insisted undermines his ability to address them all.’ ” that it was “not a White House the problems he cares most about. Trump’s “tweet from the hip” style document.” Take Mexico: It doesn’t want a trade John McLaughlin, a former acting produced its first real foreign rupture war with the United States, and CIA director, speaks for a Thursday, when Mexican President But then a few hours later, Trump Peña Nieto has been working to consensus in the agency when he Enrique Peña Nieto canceled a was raging in his interview with Muir resolve border-security and NAFTA- says “it would be a mistake to go planned visit to Washington. That that torture “works . . . absolutely” renegotiation issues. But Trump’s back in that direction,” with case followed Trump’s tweet that he and “we have to fight fire with fire.” humiliating tweet (prompted, officers tasked with running secret should stay away if he wasn’t ready Like so many of Trump’s tweets, presumably, by his fear of being interrogation sites. But the larger to pay for the often-proclaimed these comments are disruptive and challenged for willingness to point is that “the issue is so border wall. destabilizing — but mainly to his compromise) backed Peña Nieto politicized that you cannot have the own administration. They make the The Twitter grenade blew up what into a political corner. The outcome sober policy discussion” that’s job of new CIA Director Mike is contrary to both countries’ needed on how to collect better had been an attempt to finesse the Pompeo harder. issue with a delayed Mexican interests. intelligence through interrogation. financial contribution for the wall, an If the first week of the Trump Similarly, Trump’s public During his first week in office, approach that Trump himself had presidency showed us anything, it’s endorsement of torture undermines Trump has been his own loudest only hours before supported in an that he is more determined to his deeper effort to combat cheerleader. He has also been his interview with ABC’s David Muir. overturn the established trade, terrorism. Because of public own worst enemy. As with any other Now, Trump has an avoidable economic and national-security revulsion over waterboarding, and form of self-destructive behavior, it’s Mexico crisis to deal with. order than even his critics feared. the CIA’s refusal to resume time for an intervention by those So far, there’s more Stephen K. The torture issue was another self- interrogation activities without clear, closest to him. Bannon and less Reince Priebus in sustainable legal authority, it’s now inflicted wound. The CIA doesn’t this White House. The costs of Read more from David Ignatius’s want to go back into the secret easier for the United States to kill Trump’s impulsive, thin-skinned terrorists with drones than to archive, follow him on Twitter or detention and waterboarding behavior have also become clearer. subscribe to his updates on business. There’s a law banning capture and interrogate them. The He keeps proclaiming how well he’s rise in such “targeted killing” may Facebook. torture, for the simple reason that it doing, but his aides have seemingly “shocks the conscience” of many take terrorists off the battlefield, but worked nonstop to put out fires it doesn’t yield intelligence. Americans. And some foreign ignited by their boss.

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 17

Krauthammer : Trump’s foreign policy revolution The flurry of bold JFK’s inaugural pledged to support was defining its own national We carried many free riders executive orders any friend and oppose any foe to interest beyond its narrow economic throughout the Cold War. The and of highly assure the success of liberty. Note and security needs to encompass burden was heavy. But this was not provocative Cabinet nominations that Trump makes no distinction the safety and prosperity of a vast a mindless act of charity; it was an (such as a secretary of education between friend and foe (and no array of allies. A free world marked exercise in enlightened self-interest. who actually believes in school reference to liberty). They’re all out by open trade and mutual defense After all, it was indeed better to choice) has been encouraging to to use, exploit and surpass us. was President Truman’s vision, subsidize foreign armies — conservative skeptics of Donald shared by every president since. German, South Korean, Turkish and Trump. But it shouldn’t erase the No more, declared Trump: “From dozens of others — and have them troubling memory of one major this day forward, it’s going to be Until now. stand with us, rather than stationing only America First.” element of Trump’s inaugural Some have argued that Trump is even more American troops address. Imagine how this resonates abroad. just dangling a bargaining chip to everywhere around the world at “America First” was the name of the negotiate better terms of trade or greater risk of both blood and The foreign policy section has treasure. received far less attention than so organization led by Charles alliance. Or that Trump’s views are revolutionary a declaration Lindbergh that bitterly fought FDR so changeable and unstable — We are embarking upon insularity deserved. It radically redefined the before U.S. entry into World War II telling European newspapers two and smallness. Nor is this just American national interest as — right through the Battle of Britain weeks ago that NATO is obsolete theory. Trump’s long-promised but understood since World War II. — to keep America neutral between and then saying “NATO is very nonetheless abrupt withdrawal from Churchill’s Britain and Hitler’s important to me” — that this is just the Trans-Pacific Partnership is the Trump outlined a world in which Reich. (Then came Pearl Harbor. another unmoored entry on a ledger momentous first fruit of his foreign foreign relations are collapsed into a Within a week, America First of confusion. policy doctrine. Last year the prime zero-sum game. They gain, we dissolved itself in shame.) But both claims are demonstrably minister of Singapore told John lose. As in: “For many decades, McCain that if we pulled out of the we’ve enriched foreign industry at Not that Trump was consciously wrong. An inaugural address is no imitating Lindbergh. I doubt he was off-the-cuff riff. These words are the TPP “you’ll be finished in Asia.” He the expense of American industry; knows the region. subsidized the armies of other even aware of the reference. He product of at least three weeks of countries” while depleting our own. just liked the phrase. But I can deliberate crafting for an address For 70 years, we sustained an assure you that in London and in that Trump’s spokesman said was international system of open Read These Comments every world capital they are aware intended to express his philosophy. commerce and democratic alliances of the antecedent and the Moreover, to remove any ambiguity, that has enabled America and the The best conversations on The intimations of a new American Trump prefaced his “America First” Washington Post West to grow and thrive. Global isolationism. Trump gave them proclamation with: “From this day leadership is what made America Please provide a valid email good reason to think so, going on to forward, a new vision will govern great. We abandon it at our peril. address. note “the right of all nations to put our land.” their own interests first.” America Read more from Charles And most provocatively this: “The included. Trump’s vision misunderstands the Krauthammer’s archive, follow him wealth of our middle class has been logic underlying the far larger, far- on Twitter or subscribe to his ripped from their homes and then Some claim that putting America reaching view of Truman. The updates on Facebook. redistributed all across the world.” first is a reassertion of American Marshall Plan surely took wealth Bernie Sanders believes that a exceptionalism. On the contrary, it away from the American middle corrupt establishment has ripped off is the antithesis. It makes America class and distributed it abroad. But the middle class to give to the rich. no different from all the other for a reason. Altruism, in part. But Trump believes those miscreants countries that define themselves by mostly to stabilize Western Europe have given away our patrimony to a particularist blood-and-soil as a bulwark against an existential undeserving, ungrateful foreigners nationalism. What made America global enemy. as well. exceptional, unique in the world, White House Hobbles Nikki Haley Before Her First Day at the U.N. Paul McLeary | 1 review U.S. membership in a slew underpinned the global order since But U.N. watchers see Washington hour ago of international treaties. World War II. Trump has taken aim in full retreat. at free trade, the World Trade For the past week, President The disclosure, first reported Organization, NATO, and the U.S. “Trump may not know this, but he is Donald Trump’s U.N. envoy, Nikki Wednesday by the New York commitment to pillars like human fueling a growing narrative among Haley, has strained to head off Times, came just a day after Haley rights, democracy promotion, and diplomats and U.N. officials that the “slash-and-burn cuts” by Republican was confirmed as Trump’s new U.N. nuclear nonproliferation. He has U.S. is ceding its leadership at the lawmakers that could cripple the envoy with broad bipartisan support. also shrugged off clear assaults on U.N. to China,” said Richard United Nations. In the end, though, The former South Carolina governor the existing order, such as Russia’s Gowan, a U.N. expert at the the White House itself gut-punched had highlighted the virtues of U.S. annexation of Crimea, even while European Council on Foreign Haley and the international contributions for U.N. food and China actively seeks to play a Relations. community, drawing up draft plans refugee programs, calling them bigger leadership role around the The draft order taps into a latent to cut funding for critical programs “immensely important.” But she may world. and withdraw from international have been blindsided by the anti-U.N. sentiment that has treaties. executive orders, just like Defense As French ambassador to the simmered in Republican circles for Secretary James Mattis and CIA United States during the Barack decades and which has only been Trump’s inner circle prepared a Director Mike Pompeo were Obama years and current French turbocharged by the Security draft executive order that mulls 40 Wednesday by reports that Trump envoy to the U.N., François Delattre Council’s recent resolution percent cuts in voluntary U.S. plans to reopen CIA black sites and recalls his key message as censuring Israeli settlements. Sens. funding for key U.N. agencies, possibly return to using torture. ambassador to the White House Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) and Ted including UNICEF and the World being, “Let us breathe; don’t Cruz (R-Texas) threatened to cut off Food Program, according to a copy The development accelerated fears micromanage the world.” Now, all funding to U.N. agencies if the of the five-page order obtained by among foreign diplomats that the Delattre says, “Our main message U.N. didn’t reverse that Foreign Policy. Trump’s team also White House remains committed to to the American administration is, denunciation. Trump himself offered wants to see whether mandatory withdrawing from the world and ‘Please stay committed to world a veiled warning before he took funding items like peacekeeping unraveling many of the vital affairs, because we need America.'” office. “As to the U.N., things will be can be made voluntary and seeks to international institutions that have

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 18 different after Jan. 20th,” he wrote Although pulling out of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate The Trump administration is not the on Twitter. seems to fit Trump’s “America First” Change and the 2015 Paris first American government to enter approach, it’s an inefficient way to Agreement to curb greenhouse gas office with a dark view of the United “The Israeli settlement resolution meet foreign-policy goals, said emissions. Nations. has been a game-changer; it Edward Luck, a U.N. historian at provided ammunition to those Columbia University. The draft executive order — titled George W. Bush frequently belittled Republicans [who] have been U.N. “Auditing and Reducing U.S. the U.N. as an irrelevant institution haters for a long, long time, and it “If you are going to do everything Funding of International after the Security Council refused to provided a reason to lash out at the bilaterally, your own costs are going Organizations” — calls for authorize the U.S. invasion of Iraq United Nations,” one European to go up enormously for taxpayers,” “terminating funding for any United in 2003. And he dispatched one of diplomat told Foreign Policy. he said. Nations agency or other America’s most outspoken U.N. international organization” that critics, John Bolton, as his envoy to “The antipathy toward the U.N. One area that could be immediately offers full membership to the the world body. But Bush ultimately among Republicans in Washington affected is the global migrant crisis, Palestinians, supports programs came to find value in the United is more extreme than at any time I which has spooked many European that fund abortion, or subverts Nations, which helped to provide can remember,” said a veteran countries and frightened the Trump sanctions against North Korea or international legitimacy to the U.S. Democratic Senate aide. administration into considering Iran. It also called for a review of occupation of Iraq. banning asylum-seekers fleeing It is unclear whether Haley was U.S. spending on peacekeeping terrorism. operations, as well as a range of Ronald Reagan, who came into involved at all in drafting the office with a dim view of the United executive order. The order called for Peter Yeo, the president of the agencies, including the U.N. Population Fund, which supports Nations, ordered his own review to the establishment of a committee of Better World Campaign, a U.N. determine whether the United cabinet officials — including the advocacy group in Washington, who maternal and reproductive health programs. States should continue to support Secretary of State, the Defense has reviewed the draft order, said U.N. agencies. The review Secretary, the Attorney General, as the cuts would imperil millions of “While the United States’ financial determined that the U.N. agencies, well as the president’s National children who receive vaccines and support for the United Nations is with the exception of UNESCO, Security Advisor — to review other vital medicines from U.N. enormous, the United Nations served American interests, and the spending at the U.N. and other agencies and impose extreme pursues and agenda contrary to United States continued to fund international organizations, and hardship on the world’s growing American interests,” according to an them, according to Luck. present its findings to the president refugee population, including introductory explanatory statement. by January 1, 2018. Haley was not several million people who fled the “The proposed order would create a The historian noted arbitrary and named as a member of that war in Syria to Jordan, Lebanon, committee charged with identifying vague elements of the draft orders. committee. and Turkey. areas where U.S. financial For instance, one calls for reviewing contributions can and should be U.S. funding to the International “I doubt anyone asked her opinion,” “What happens when families can’t Criminal Court. The United States is said the senior Democratic Senate educate and feed their children?” he reduced in accordance with U.S. policy interests.” not a member of the treaty and pays aide. “It’s our impression that this is asked. “They migrate. There are no dues. coming from the White House strong national security implications A second draft order — “Moratorium without a lot of consultation.” He from this draft executive order.” on New Multilateral Treaties” — “I have to say, as a professor, if a said the proposed funding cuts requests a sweeping review of U.S. student gave this [draft executive would simply reduce U.S. leverage Haley had tried to limit U.S. order] to me, I would say, ‘Why legislative cuts to “targeted and adherence to international treaties over issues that matter to its and seeks recommendations on don’t you go back and prepare a interests. selective” threats of financial more careful draft,'” Luck added. withholdings. But even she hinted which treaties the United States “One of the things money buys is before lawmakers that the United should leave, according to the influence,” the aide said. “If we States intended to review its Times. withdraw, others with competing membership in some international interests will rush to fill the vacuum.” treaties, including the 1992 U.N.

Trump Will Call for a Pentagon Plan to Hit ISIS Harder, Officials Say By MICHAEL R. campaign, Mr. Trump repeatedly military commanders, who have Mr. Mattis will face multiple GORDON, said that he had a secret plan to begun drafting classified options to challenges. As an emissary to HELENE COOPER and ERIC defeat the Islamic State, but he also increase the pressure on the longstanding allies in Asia and SCHMITTJAN. 26, 2017 said that he would give his militant group, especially in Raqqa Europe, he has staked out a commanders a month to come up and Mosul, the stronghold in Iraq. position as the Trump Defense Secretary James N. Mattis with new options. administration’s reassurer-in-chief. greeted President Trump at the Work on the directive was described reviewing stand during the inaugural The White House is also expected by several current and former Photo parade on Friday. Credit Sam to press for a review of the United officials who are close to the White Hodgson for The New York Times States nuclear posture — one that House and who requested James Mattis, left, arrived for his retains all three legs of the nuclear anonymity because they were not first day of work at the Pentagon WASHINGTON — The White arsenal with weapons aboard authorized to discuss the with Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the House is drafting a presidential bombers and submarines and in administration’s internal chairman of the Joint Chiefs of directive that calls on Defense underground missile silos — as well deliberations. The White House had Staff, on Saturday. Credit Paul J. Secretary James N. Mattis to devise as a review of how to achieve the no comment. Richards/Agence France-Presse — plans to more aggressively strike president’s goal of fielding a “state Getty Images the Islamic State, which could of the art” antimissile system. The man charged with overseeing include American artillery on the this re-examination of American One of Mr. Mattis’s first moves as ground in Syria and Army attack During the campaign, Mr. Trump defense is Mr. Mattis, a retired defense secretary was to phone the helicopters to support an assault on pledged to expand the Army, Navy, Marine Corps four-star general who NATO secretary general to assure the group’s capital, Raqqa, officials Air Force and Marine Corps, and a commanded American forces in the him that he strongly supported the said. draft directive calls for steps to Middle East and will be working in alliance that Mr. Trump has improve the military’s readiness to partnership with Gen. Joseph F. criticized as “obsolete.” Mr. Mattis President Trump, who is to make fight on short notice. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the will fly to Asia next week on a trip to his first visit to the Pentagon as Joint Chiefs of Staff. The men have allay concerns in Japan and South commander in chief on Friday, will The directive to identify new ways to known each other for years and Mr. Korea that the United States might demand that the new options be hasten the demise of the Islamic Mattis used to be General Dunford’s abandon longstanding commitments presented to him within 30 days, the State, also known as ISIS and ISIL, commanding officer while in the to their security. officials said. During the presidential has been widely anticipated by Marines.

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A week after that, Mr. Mattis is use of torture in interrogating the White House delegate more spending under the new expected to make another terrorists. authorities to the Pentagon and its administration, a paper by Senator reassurance trip — this one to commanders in the field, to speed John McCain, who heads the Europe — to meet with counterparts The day before Mr. Mattis came to up decision-making. Armed Services Committee and is at NATO in Brussels and then at a work at the Defense Department, he advocating a similar buildup, calls security conference in Munich. issued a statement to the Pentagon A difficult decision also confronts for spending $430 billion more than work force that cast the United the Pentagon on whether to risk is currently planned, for the next five Lawmakers and even some States as a bulwark of the alienating Turkey by arming the years. members of the military are hoping international order and the guardian Syrian Kurds for the Raqqa battle, that Mr. Mattis can also serve as a of important alliances. In contrast to or whether to cobble together a Other directives in the works could counterweight on some of the new the “America First” oratory more diverse force that could affect the military. Mr. Trump told administration’s more hard-line emanating from the White House, include Turkish troops, Turkish ABC News on Wednesday that he positions. In a classified operations Mr. Mattis vowed that the Pentagon backed opposition groups and would “absolutely do safe zones” in center at one Special Operations would work “for an America that perhaps even elements of the Syria for refugees fleeing the headquarters, a photo of Mr. Mattis remains a steady beacon of hope Army’s 82nd Airborne Division, as violence there. A draft executive is taped to a board with various for all mankind.” well as Apache helicopters and order obtained by The New York captions written underneath. On artillery. Turkey considers the Times calls for Mr. Mattis, along Thursday morning, the caption read: “General Mattis is prepared to give Syrian Kurds terrorists and has with Secretary of State Rex “Watch over us.” the president the best advice he can been trying to forge closer ties with Tillerson, to produce a plan within as secretary of defense even if it’s the Trump administration. 90 days for safe zones in Syria. During his first visit to the Pentagon, not something the president wants Mr. Trump will conduct a ceremonial to hear,” said Senator Jack Reed of Expanding the American military will In the past, American military swearing-in of Mr. Mattis and is Rhode Island, the senior Democrat also pose challenges because of officials have warned that such a expected to sign the new directives on the Armed Services Committee, the soaring cost of some key move would escalate the American and have a short meeting with the who spoke to Mr. Mattis on weapons programs and the involvement in the war in Syria, Joint Chiefs of Staff. Tuesday. “The question is, how long ambitious scope of the buildup Mr. something the Obama can he do that if he’s not being Trump is seeking. As the steward of administration staunchly opposed. Mr. Trump and Mr. Mattis appear to responded to.” the Pentagon’s nearly $600 billion have some positive chemistry. They annual budget, Mr. Mattis will face Military experts are looking to see were seen chatting warmly on the Crafting a plan to step up the fight tough choices, as it seems unlikely who will join Mr. Mattis’s team at the reviewing stand during the inaugural against the Islamic State is the most that the additional spending Mr. Pentagon — and how many are parade. The new commander-in- urgent task facing Mr. Mattis. When Trump plans for the armed forces picked by the new defense chief relishes referring to “Mad Dog” President Barack Obama left office, can pay for all of the ambitious secretary himself. Mr. Mattis’s chief Mattis at every opportunity, even half of Mosul remained in the hands programs he has promised. of staff will be Kevin M. Sweeney, a though the retired general does not of the militants. Tens of thousands retired rear admiral whom Mr. Mattis like that nickname and insists it is of American-backed Syrian Kurdish During the campaign, Mr. Trump has known for years. His senior no more than a media invention. and Arab fighters were closing in on called for a Navy of 350 ships, up military assistant will be Rear Adm. Raqqa, but there was no agreement from the current fleet of 272, and to Craig S. Faller, who previously And while they agree on the need on which force should seize the expand the Army to 540,000 troops, served as the top operations officer for more military spending, some of capital itself. an increase of about 65,000. The at Central Command when Mr. the defense secretary’s views are at Air Force and Marines would also Mattis was in charge there. odds with his new boss, including The potential options include grow. his skepticism of Russia’s expanding the use of American intentions, his traditional support for Special Operations forces, raising Funding such a military building allies and flat the troop ceilings on United States would be costly. While the opposition to the forces in Iraq and Syria and having Pentagon has yet to outline its Editorial : Not only people are being liberated from Islamic State The Christian Science Monitor sprawling university as its Mosul University had long served as shift among young people that is headquarters in Iraq. Engineering a melting pot for Iraq, welcoming ushering in a new cultural epoch. January 26, 2017 —When Iraqi labs were turned into chemical- students of different ethnic and “Already this generation of highly security forces retook eastern Mosul weapons factories. Other buildings religious backgrounds. This purpose motivated and connected youth is from Islamic State (IS) in early were used to make car bombs. IS helped reinforce the study of such upending expectations. More January, they made sure to raise burned much of the library. While concepts as individual rights and educated than their parents and the national flag at a strategic point. some classes were retained, mainly universal liberty and equality. These highly empowered, they are part of No, it was not a military position. to teach technical topics, courses in virtues can bind countries under a a ‘Participation Revolution’ Rather, the flag went up at Mosul the humanities, law, political secular government that respects occurring across the region, where University, which was once one of science, and the arts were banned freedom of religion. In addition, citizens are demanding roles in all the premier educational institutions or altered. These core topics, so societies that value higher aspects of their country’s political, in the Middle East. essential to running modern education for girls are less economic, and social life,” the report In its liberation, the school was societies, did not fit into the IS vulnerable to jihadist demands for stated. reclaimed as a light of learning ideology. Much of the faculty was women to be excluded from much in forced to flee while a few were public life. The latest evidence of this trend can against the darkness imposed on be found at Mosul University, the campus by the militant group. killed. Female students were restricted to studying health care. Across the Arab world, education freshly free and rebounding as a Students and faculty quickly made has become an important driver of dynamic center for ideas and plans to restore the university’s With international aid, many progress. Between 1990 and 2010, growth. legacy as a vital force in professors were given temporary the overall literacy rate in the region modernizing Iraq with advanced posts in foreign universities. Via the rose from 58 percent to 80 percent knowledge and the highest ideals of internet, they taught thousands of while postsecondary education has humanity. their students who had also fled to risen to nearly 25 percent. cities such as Kirkuk. The desire for After IS captured Mosul in 2014, it In a United Nations report last year, used the higher education among Iraqis could not be extinguished by IS. a group of Arab scholars noted a

Syria Safe-Zone Idea Carries Risks for U.S. Paul Sonne and Dion Nissenbaum Jan. 26, 2017 8:39 p.m. ET

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WASHINGTON—President Donald unsuccessfully pressed President the U.S. would need to take out The U.S. wouldn’t face that issue in Trump’s pledge to create safe Barack Obama to create a safe Russian and Syrian air-defenses Syria’s south, along the border with zones in Syria for displaced civilians zone in northern Syria to serve as a covering the territory, or else reach Jordan, where tens of thousands of carries with it the possibility of haven for those fleeing the fighting an agreement with Moscow and Syrian refugees have gathered in a greater U.S. military involvement in and a base of operations for Syrian Damascus barring airstrikes there. desert no-man’s land between the the country’s conflict, including a rebel groups supported by the two Syrian and Jordanian borders more substantial use of air power countries. Mr. Mattis said in 2012 testimony to known as “the berm.” Earlier this and of American or allied ground the Senate Armed Services month, an explosion hit the Rukban forces—moves the Pentagon has The Obama administration rejected Committee that the creation of safe refugee camp there. previously rejected. Turkey’s proposals as too havens for civilians in Syria would expensive and risky. Pentagon require a significant commitment of Jordan has clamped down its Mr. Trump said in an interview this estimates then suggested it would U.S. resources, though he said that borders after finding its economy week with ABC News that he would take 30,000 troops on the ground to could be reduced depending on and security situation strained by ban entry to the U.S. for refugees properly secure a safe zone sought contributions from other countries. the mass influx of refugees from the coming from “countries that have by President Recep Tayyip Syrian conflict. tremendous terror.” He pledged to Erdogan. He said there were no terrain create safe zones for people fleeing features, such as mountains, that Depending on eventual State the conflict within Syria but has “Even if it’s called a no-fly zone or a would act as natural barriers and Department and Pentagon given no details on where those safe zone, there is still going to aid in the creation of safe zones in recommendations, Mr. Trump could zones would be located or how the have to be some ground component northern Syria, meaning the U.S. opt for a more limited concept of a U.S. would establish them. He has to it if the objective is to protect would “have to create them using safe zone, helping secure border said such safe zones could serve as civilians,” Melissa Dalton, a senior military forces.” refugee camps, such as the one at fellow at the Center for Strategic Rukban. an alternative to admitting refugees Last August, Mr. Erdogan sent to the U.S. and International Studies who was a Pentagon official during the Obama Turkish troops and tanks into Syrian rebels on Thursday “I’m going to be president of a safe administration, said Thursday. northern Syria to push Islamic State welcomed the idea of setting up country,” Mr. Trump said “Naturally the question is who then fighters off the border. A few dozen safe zones in Syria, but they Wednesday. “We have enough is going to be doing the elite members of the U.S. military doubted its feasibility, citing problems. Now I’ll absolutely do enforcement on the ground.” entered Syria to help Turkey with complications from Russia’s safe zones in Syria for the people.” the operation, dubbed Euphrates involvement. Obama administration officials Shield. The comments came as his warned that the goal of providing “The presence of safe zones is administration crafted a draft order security for Syrian civilians was too Since August, about 1,000 Syrian surely a good thing for Syrians that would direct the Pentagon and open-ended, potentially entangling fighters, backed by Turkish tanks, since they will be able to live in the State Department to submit U.S. troops for years and exposing artillery and airstrikes, have seized areas away from fighting and plans for the safe zones within 90 them to great risk from a variety of nearly 700 square miles of northern bombing, and humanitarian days. The order hasn't yet been threats. Syria. Mr. Erdogan has talked of organizations will be also offered issued. creating a 2,000-square-mile safe safe areas to operate in,” said The Pentagon even now likely zone that would include new Zakaria Malahifji, a political official U.S. Navy Capt. Jeff Davis, a would push back against an order housing for those fleeing the with the rebel faction Fastaqim Pentagon spokesman, said for the U.S. military to create similar fighting. Kama Umirt. “But I don’t think this Thursday the Department of large-scale safe zones in Syria, if will happen. There’s no optimism,” Defense hadn’t yet been asked to their sole purpose was to offer One of Turkey’s main goals in he added. draw up the plans. protection for Syrian civilians no entering Syria was to prevent longer welcome as refugees in the Kurdish forces backed by the U.S. International efforts to create safe The establishment of safe zones U.S., military experts said. from seizing more territory and havens within war zones have faced would mark an expansion of the creating a rump Kurdish state on its trouble in the past. U.S. mission in Syria.”Our “The danger is that a safe zone border. Turkey views the Syrian department right now is tasked with would become an open-ended Kurdish forces as a terrorist threat The United Nations dispatched one thing in Syria, and that is to military mission in a country that and has long pushed the U.S. to peacekeepers to secure the degrade and defeat ISIS,” Capt. has collapsed into very bitter sever its military backing of the Bosnian town of Srebrenica as a Davis said. factional warfare, and that any U.S. fighters, but the U.S. has relied on safe area for Bosnian Muslims troops that were inserted in Syria Kurdish troops as its best fighting during the Balkans war in the Mr. Trump is planning to visit the would immediately become lightning force against Islamic State. 1990s. But the peacekeepers failed Pentagon on Friday to conduct an rods for a terrorist attack,” said Jim to secure the area from Bosnian official swearing-in ceremony for Phillips, senior research fellow for Disagreement between Washington Serb forces, which ultimately swept Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis. Middle Eastern affairs at the right- and Ankara about the Kurds could the town and massacred thousands leaning Heritage Foundation. challenge any effort to join forces of the Bosnian Muslims there. Mr. Trump’s proposal isn't the first and establish a safe zone in time the U.S. has considered To implement a full-fledged no-fly northern Syria. —Noam Raydan contributed to this protected zones in and around zone, which would protect a strip of article. Syria. For years, Turkey land from any aerial bombardment, Blacklisting Muslim Brotherhood Carries Risks Yaroslav trigger a slew of unexpected Over the past decade, however, the president would support formally Trofimov consequences across the region. administration of George W. Bush designating the Brotherhood a and, to a much greater extent, the terrorist organization. Rex Tillerson, Jan. 26, 2017 5:30 a.m. ET Founded in Egypt in 1928, the White House under Barack Obama Mr. Trump’s nominee for secretary Brotherhood says that it is opposed maintained a policy of engaging of state, made little distinction In the immediate aftermath of the to political violence and wants to Arab Spring, the Muslim with Muslim Brotherhood members between the Brotherhood and reach its goal of establishing an elected to public office. That was murderous jihadist groups such as Brotherhood and its affiliates were Islamic society through democratic winning elections across the Middle especially true after the Islamic State, also known as ISIS. means. This doesn’t mean that organization’s candidate East—a testament to the Islamist Brotherhood members haven’t “The demise of ISIS will also allow movement’s popular appeal. Mohammed Morsi won Egypt’s pursued violence in the past. The presidential elections in 2012. us to increase our attention on other Now, President Donald Trump’s group’s Palestinian affiliate, Hamas, agents of radical Islam like al administration is considering has been designated by the U.S. as The Trump administration, so far, is Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood declaring the Brotherhood a terrorist a terrorist organization since 1997. taking a radically different approach, and certain elements within Iran,” organization, something that could with some advisers saying the

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Mr. Tillerson said in his Senate the United Arab Emirates. Saudi economic meltdown during Mr. supporting al Qaeda,” said confirmation hearing this month. Arabia, however, has softened its Morsi’s turbulent year in power in Mohammed Dallal, a Kuwaiti stance since King Salman came to Egypt, it still retains millions of lawmaker affiliated with the Any U.S. move against the power in 2015. supporters. Outlawing the Brotherhood. “Those kind of terrorist Brotherhood would come as part of Brotherhood could complicate U.S. people will be saying: ‘We told you Mr. Trump’s broader campaign Egyptian officials were especially relations with critical allies in the so.’ They will never accept against Islamist terrorism—a resentful of what they viewed as region. democracy. They will never accept campaign that also includes a misguided Obama administration your participation in elections.” planned executive order to attempts to cooperate with the Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip temporarily ban entry to citizens of secretive group. Erdogan, in particular, is a strong Even if it were to be blacklisted by several Muslim nations. supporter of the group and has the U.S., the Muslim Brotherhood “The Muslim Brotherhood is the allowed the Egyptian Brotherhood would remain committed to Blacklisting the Brotherhood isn’t legitimate parent of every violent to set up offices and TV stations in nonviolence, said Maha Azzam, something that can happen movement in the region, Istanbul. Mr. Erdogan’s own party head of the Brotherhood-dominated immediately, cautioned Shadi historically,” Arab League stems from Islamist roots and he Egyptian Revolutionary Council, Hamid, a specialist on political Islam Secretary-General and former has refused to recognize the which unites exiled opponents of at the Brookings Institution in Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed legitimacy of President Sisi. Mr. Sisi’s administration. Washington. Aboul-Gheit said in an interview before Mr. Trump’s inauguration. Elsewhere in the region, a member Yet, forcing the organization “There is definitely an intention of of a Brotherhood spinoff serves as underground would inevitably doing it. But the terrorist designation “I want the U.S. to take firm the prime minister of U.S. ally radicalize some of its members, she process is a difficult one and positions against extremists in the Morocco, and another Brotherhood added. requires a high evidentiary region, against the political offshoot is a key part of the threshold,” he said. “It’s not Islamists,” he added, declining to governing coalition in Tunisia. “It will make a lot of young people something that can be done say whether he would like Brotherhood affiliates are angry. And if they are labeled as overnight just because you feel like Washington to formally designate represented in the parliaments of being in a violent group, that may it.” the Brotherhood as a terrorist Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait. actually encourage some of them to group. “The U.S. would have to move in that direction.” Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al reach its own conclusions.” “Muslim Brothers are part of the Sisi, who ousted Mr. Morsi in a society. If you go and try to make 2013 military coup, already Blacklisting the Brotherhood has pressure against them, you are considers the Brotherhood a several pitfalls. Though the group’s supporting the violence. You are terrorist organization, as do the reputation took a hit after the supporting ISIS. You are governments of Saudi Arabia and crackdown on dissent and

U.S.-Mexico Rift Deepens Over Trade Threat, Canceled Meeting José de Córdoba Later on Thursday, Mr. Trump told a Explaining his approach in his 1987 Mexico’s approximately 40 free- and Peter gathering of House and Senate book, “The Art of the Deal,” Mr. trade agreements have made Nafta Nicholas Republicans in Philadelphia, “Such Trump wrote that his style is to “aim less vital to its economy than a meeting would be fruitless, and I very high,” and then to keep before, but the U.S. is still by far its Updated Jan. 27, 2017 12:22 a.m. want to go a different route.” “pushing and pushing to get what largest trading partner, and the ET I’m after.” implementation of Nafta in 1994 White House press secretary Sean President Donald Trump triggered sealed the relationship between the Spicer said a plan was taking shape “Sometimes I settle for less than I U.S. and Mexico. the biggest diplomatic rift between to institute a 20% tax on imports sought,” he continued, “but in most the U.S. and Mexico in decades, from countries with which the U.S. cases I still end up with what I Many in Mexico have been angered engaging in a sharp-edged Twitter runs a trade deficit, “like Mexico.” want.” by Mr. Trump’s intention to force exchange Thursday that led the Mexico to pay for the wall. The Mexican president to cancel a visit Mr. Spicer said that the tax was one With Mexico, Mr. Trump sought to president’s declarations on to Washington next week. of several ideas being considered rally public opinion, making the case Wednesday came as senior by the White House to “demonstrate that Mexico should pay for the wall The White House later floated the Mexican officials were meeting with that paying for the wall can be given what he says are the senior members of Mr. Trump’s idea of a 20% import tax to pay for a done.” hardships wrought on the U.S. by wall along the length of the Mexican administration for the first time in Nafta. It wasn’t clear if he was Washington—a timing that many in border. Mr. Trump has vowed that GOP leaders have said they bluffing with his suggestion that he Mexico will pay—in some form—for support Congress funding Mr. Mexico viewed as adding insult to wasn’t concerned that Mexico might injury. the full cost of the wall. Trump’s plan to build the wall. They abandon Tuesday’s meeting. have declined to say whether, or Mexican Foreign Minister Luis The cancellation of the meeting how, the Mexico government should Mr. Trump, a Republican, has between Mexican President Enrique Videgaray said Thursday’s incident repay the U.S. for the wall’s cost; threatened to impose tariffs of up to didn’t cause the discussions to be Peña Nieto and Mr. Trump puts on they have previously said they 35% or more on Mexican imports. hold the U.S. leader’s stated plan to broken off. He said he expects there support taxing imports from Mexico, On Thursday, he hinted at the use to be more high-level meetings in renegotiate the North American as part of a broader tax-code of the 20% tax, an idea he had Free Trade Agreement—if he coming weeks, and he was hopeful rewrite that would tax all imports criticized two weeks ago. conditions could soon be reached doesn’t withdraw the U.S. from it and exempt exports from U.S. tax. altogether. “We’re working on a tax-reform bill for a meeting between Mr. Trump The dust-up was an early test of that will reduce our trade deficits, and Mr. Peña Nieto. Mr. Trump had ordered government negotiating skills that Mr. Trump, a increase American exports and will Prolonged uncertainty about trade officials on Wednesday to begin billionaire businessman, has said generate revenue from Mexico that planning a “physical wall” on the and U.S. relations could dent would distinguish his presidency. will pay for the wall if we decide to Mexico’s economy and foreign border with Mexico. The breakdown go that route,” he said. that followed played out on Twitter: It is an improvisational style that investment, which slowed As Mr. Peña Nieto told his country worked for him in the world of Mexico could challenge such tariffs noticeably during the last three in a video that Mexico wouldn’t pay commercial real estate but has little through a dispute-resolution system months of 2016 amid uncertainty for the wall, Mr. Trump tweeted it parallel in international affairs. built into Nafta or at the World about the fate of Nafta. would be “better to cancel” the Rather than deliver his warning to Trade Organization, but such cases Sen. Ben Cardin of Maryland, the meeting if Mexico won’t pay. The Mexico in a formal statement or would take time and risk a U.S. top Democrat on the Foreign Mexican president then tweeted his speech, Mr. Trump made his views pullout from the trade agreement. Relations Committee, said Mr. decision not to come. known in Twitter bursts. Trump was “causing serious

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 22 damage to one of our most trade is bad.” Mexican-American relations have Camarena was later found dead, important relationships in the world.” been fraught for most of the having been tortured Mr. Trump’s tweet Thursday also countries’ existence. The Mexican- “From addressing border security caused the peso to give up gains American War of 1846-48 led to the Former Foreign Minister Jorge and drug trafficking to migration and following Mr. Trump’s comments loss of more than half of Mexico’s Castañeda said in a television economic issues, the United States Wednesday in favor of improving territory to its northern neighbor, interview that it was impossible to is safer and stronger when we relations with Mexico had pushed and the U.S. intervened repeatedly make an agreement with Mr. Trump collaborate with Mexico,” he said. the peso exchange rate below 21 to in Mexico’s affairs in the decades in the face of the U.S. president’s the dollar for the first time since that followed. provocative tweeting. U.S. trade officials said the goods- early January. and-service trade deficit with The most recent major crisis was “Let’s not endorse his craziness,” Mexico was more than $49 billion in Mr. Trump’s comments sparked a probably in 1985, when the Gabriela Cuevas, the head of 2015. Mr. Trump has complained rare moment of consensus across abduction of Drug Enforcement Mexico’s Senate foreign relations about such deficits in his pledges to Mexico’s political spectrum. Administration special agent committee, and a member of abandon or rewrite U.S. trade deals. Mexico’s conservative opposition Leftist opposition leader Andrés Enrique “Kiki” Camarena by a Mexican drug gang led the Reagan National Action Party, wrote in her Mexican officials said that the deficit Manuel López Obrador said that Mr. Twitter account. wasn’t a bad thing. “In general Peña Nieto should take Mexico’s administration to close the U.S. terms it’s a relatively balanced case to the United Nations. border to traffic from Mexico, in an —William Mauldin, Anthony Harrup trade” as both countries exchange effort to force the Mexican and Juan Montes contributed to this services and goods valued at about Former Mexican President Vicente government to step up efforts to find article. $580 billion annually, Mexican Fox wrote on Twitter that Mr. Trump the missing agent. Finance Minister José Antonio “shouldn’t mess with Mexico.” Write to Peter Nicholas at The measure damaged bilateral [email protected] Meade said Thursday morning. “We beat you at your game, dude,” relations and affected the economy “The fact you have a deficit or a Mr. Fox added after Mr. Peña Nieto of Mexico’s border states. Mr. surplus doesn’t mean in itself that canceled. “You had to back off.”

In a Corner, President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico Punches Back By AZAM the United States and Mexico have Now Mr. Peña Nieto must find a preserving ties with the United AHMEDJAN. 26, expanded their cooperation and way to preserve his nation’s States at all costs. 2017 increasingly entwined their fortunes. economic interests while Now the relationship between confronting an unpredictable, and at For months, Mr. Peña Nieto made President Enrique Peña Nieto of America and one of its most times hostile, American president. his choice clear. To the growing Mexico this week. His cautious important allies and trading partners anger of many Mexicans, he approach to President Trump had is being rewritten — on Twitter — In some respects, Mexico has avoided responding rashly to Mr. caused an outcry in Mexico. Credit culminating in a remarkable back- become a trial run for Mr. Trump’s Trump. Calls for the building of a Ronaldo Schemidt/Agence France- and-forth as the world looked on. promise to place America first on wall, promises to deport millions Presse — Getty Images the global stage. and threats to tear up the North It began with Mr. Trump’s American Free Trade Agreement MEXICO CITY — Hunkered down proclamation to build the wall. Next In his dealings with Mr. Trump, Mr. have been met with measured, in the presidential palace, Enrique came a diplomatic response from Peña Nieto has found himself in a understated responses. Adding to Peña Nieto, the unpopular leader of Mr. Peña Nieto, urging unity, bind: trapped between his own his vulnerability are the millions of Mexico, was besieged on both accompanied by suggestions from people, who have demanded a Mexican citizens living in the United sides. his aides that the meeting might be vehement response to Mr. Trump’s States, whom Mr. Trump appeared taunts about Mexico, and a foreign The new American president, scrapped over the offense. to target in his executive orders on leader who controls much of his Wednesday. Donald J. Trump, had just ordered Mr. Trump followed on Thursday country’s destiny. the construction of a border wall morning with a threat to cancel the For Mr. Peña Nieto, the economics between the two countries, and the meeting himself. Soon after, Mr. “Peña Nieto has made a were particularly difficult. Having public outcry in Mexico was Peña Nieto officially announced that superhuman effort,” said Jesus begun his presidency with a focus deafening. Top cabinet officials, he would not attend, effectively Silva-Herzog, a professor at the on the economy, the idea of meanwhile, counseled caution, beating Mr. Trump to the punch. School of Government at canceling Nafta or leaving Mexico a urging Mr. Peña Nieto not to cancel Tecnológico de Monterrey. “He has less desirable place for foreign his meeting with Mr. Trump at the The exchange offered insight into gone above and beyond to preserve investment was an existential crisis White House next week. the evolution of Mexico’s president, the friendship with America and has waiting to happen. who began his term with great done everything possible, while For months, though his ratings fanfare in 2012, only to be hounded risking all of his prestige and Dialogue, Mr. Peña Nieto said, was hovered near the single digits, the by scandal, the violence engulfing popularity, to try to find a common the only way forward. It was in worst of any Mexican president in his nation, a steady decline in the ground of trust with Mr. Trump.” keeping with the start of his recent history, Mr. Peña Nieto polls and, now, perhaps the worst administration, when he negotiated resisted the temptation to saber- period in Mexican-American During the campaign and now as the passage of several major rattle, arguing that the relationship relations since President Calvin president, Mr. Trump has taken aim economic reforms with two rival with America was simply too Coolidge. at perhaps the most prized political parties, paving the way for important to fall prey to a war of possession of Mexico: its image. needed changes to the nation’s words. After Mr. Peña Nieto called off the Throughout his presidency, the antiquated systems of meeting in a Twitter post, Mr. Trump Mexican leader has tried to portray He wanted to give diplomacy one telecommunications, energy and fired back, accusing Mexico of his country as a place of economic education. last try. By Thursday morning, the burdening the United States with opportunity, a cultural capital and a effort had officially failed. illegal immigrants, criminals and a nation rising on the world stage. Mr. Soon after that, his administration In a blitz of Twitter messages from trade deficit. Trump has sought to show the began to face headwinds. The opposite, characterizing Mexico as disappearance of 43 teaching the two presidents, fired off over the “Most illegal immigration is coming past two days, the first full-blown a bastion of crime, illegal students, a scandal involving his from our southern border,” Mr. immigration and unfair trade. wife’s purchase of a house, and a foreign policy standoff of the Trump Trump said at a Republican retreat. administration has taken shape. moribund economy began to gnaw “I’ve said many times that the Mr. Peña Nieto has faced a at his popularity, and the slide in The public sparring came after American people will not pay for the dilemma: to defend Mexico’s honor, approval ratings continued from months of simmering tensions wall, and I’ve made that clear to the or to defend its national interests by there. between the two men. For decades, government of Mexico.”

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By the time Mr. Peña Nieto invited But once Mr. Trump took office and Peña Nieto could not let Mr. Trump they may cause, there is a silver Mr. Trump to Mexico for a visit pushed to make good on his be the one to cancel. lining, especially for the perception during the American presidential campaign pledge to build a wall, the of Mr. Peña Nieto at home. campaign, his own image was as pressure on Mr. Peña Nieto became “It would have been like a cousin tarnished as the one Mr. Trump had too great. Across the Mexican inviting us to dinner and then “These are ugly times, and things painted of Mexico. The Mexican political and intellectual class, calls uninviting us, or worse, said we will get uglier. I don’t really see a leader was trying to find common for him to cancel the meeting were only allowed to come if we way out it, but in this context, our ground and engage in dialogue with reached a fever pitch this week. paid for dinner,” Mr. Silva-Herzog great advantage will be that the candidate, but at home, it was a Officials and experts said Mr. said, referring to Mr. Trump’s Mexicans are united,” Javier political miscalculation. His Trump’s Twitter post Thursday repeated promises to make Mexico Solórzano, a prominent journalist, reputation in Mexico sank even morning, suggesting he might pay for the wall. said in a video posted online. The further. cancel the meeting, made the country, he added, “is now united Now, despite the tensions with the around the president.” decision less controversial: Mr. United States and the problems How Trump's wall could beckon a global trade war By Megan the point that Pena Nieto canceled mainstream Republicans are import oranges but we produce our Cassella a trip to the U.S. to meet with Trump already warning against. apples domestically, apple prices next week. are going to go down and orange A so-called “border adjustable tax” “Any tariff we can levy they can prices are going to go up.” could trigger cases before the World “Would they retaliate immediately?” levy,” Sen. Lindsey Graham (R- Trade Organization. | Getty asked Dan Ikenson, director of the S.C.) posted on Twitter Thursday And proponents maintain the costs trade policy center at the free- evening. “Huge barrier to would even out eventually, even Trump’s embrace of the tax market Cato Institute, referring to econ(omic) growth.” with what Ikenson called a likely proposal comes as he moves the response of trading partners to “adjustment period” at the start. forward with plans to shake up the border tax plan. “In the age of But Mexico City — or other trading decades of carefully negotiated Trump, governments may not have partners — could try to punish Ways and Means Committee agreements that bind the global the manners that they once had and Trump and other supporters of the Chairman Kevin Brady, the top tax economy together. may just unilaterally go after U.S. tax by targeting goods in politically writer in the House and a supporter products. That’s quite possible.” sensitive areas, said Gary of the plan, told Fox News in an President Donald Trump's plans to Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the interview Thursday night that he pay for a Mexican border wall could By raising the cost of imported Peterson Institute for International was “convinced this world economy trigger the global trade war he has goods, the tax would push Economics. recognizes changes. long threatened. Americans away from buying “The Mexican minds will be thinking “We will strengthen our made-in- A House Republican plan he products that come from outside of the United States -- from avocados, about what they could do that would America exports,” Brady said. “Our embraced Thursday as a means of give President Trump the most pain dollar will appreciate. Imports -- you paying for the barrier would slap which are heavily sourced from Mexico, to cheap household in his political base,” he said, adding will be buying more of them at a imported goods with a 20 percent that that might mean “stopping lower price. I think it balances out in tax — a levy aimed at boosting appliances shipped in from China and sold at Wal-Mart. The resulting imports of certain products made in a major way.” consumption of domestic products Indiana or Michigan or wherever.” that could backfire by angering hit to the economies of foreign Businesses could protect allies and upending the entire global nations that depend on the massive And they could go after areas not consumers from the higher prices trading system. American marketplace to gobble up associated directly with legal trade. by swallowing the costs themselves their goods could prompt those — but those that are heavily Story Continued Below governments to retaliate. “They can do all sorts of things we dependent on imports, particularly don’t like,” Hufbauer said. “They can small businesses and retailers, say Longtime trading partners — and And their methods could take legalize marijuana. They can not just Mexico — could retaliate, myriad forms. they won’t be able to handle the legalize cocaine. They can stop adjustment. making American consumers pay cooperating with the U.S. with more for everything from food to They could launch trade enforcement cases at the World respect to refugees from “We’re sort of a poster child for electronics and putting U.S. Guatemala, Honduras, and so victims of this,” said Rick companies out of business. The so- Trade Organization -- an option that could take years and still not be forth.” Woldenberg, chief executive of called border adjustment tax could Learning Resources, a small Illinois trigger cases before the World successful, given the likelihood that The plan, which would target lawmakers would try to write the tax company that manufactures Trade Organization, spur other imports while allowing tax-free educational toys in China and sells countries to slap levies on American in such a way as to fall within the exports, would boost the value of global trading body’s regulations. them in 80 countries around the products and put some U.S. the dollar, giving customers more world. “We’re in a cutthroat companies at a disadvantage with Or foreign countries could move to purchasing power to manage the business.” international competitors. retaliate against the United States higher costs, supporters say. outside the WTO system, especially “I’m in favor of tax reform. Come on, Trump’s embrace of the tax But some say the costs of the tax this is obvious,” Woldenberg said proposal comes as he moves larger U.S. trading partners that would hit wallets immediately, well would bear the brunt of the lost during a discussion Thursday on the forward with plans to shake up before the value of the dollar rises: Republican plan hosted by the decades of carefully negotiated sales. That includes China, which The levy on imported agricultural accounted for about 22 percent of Washington International Trade agreements that bind the global products, for example, would mean Association. “But 97 percent of economy together. On Monday, he the $2.25 trillion in U.S. imports in that a $100 grocery bill for a 2015, and Canada and Mexico, American importers are small pulled out of the Trans-Pacific shopping cart full of bananas, businesses, [companies] with under Partnership -- a sweeping trade which represented slightly more mangoes and other produce not than 13 percent apiece. 500 employees,” “Small businesses deal among Pacific Rim nations -- grown within the United States are in the center of the bullseye in and reaffirmed his intention to Mexico, as the United States’ third- would rise to $120. this law.” reopen NAFTA. Then, a spat on largest trading partner, could disrupt But Americans could mitigate the Thursday with Mexican president the trading system by levying a Doug Palmer contributed to this Enrique Pena Nieto over who would rise in costs simply by changing report. reciprocal tax on imports of what they buy, Ikenson said. “If we pay for the border wall escalated to American goods, an idea that some

Editorial : Trump’s Little Mexican War

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Updated Jan. 26, 2017 8:07 p.m. Trump’s anti-Mexico rhetoric. Late honestly, I really don’t care about has accused Mexico of seeking a ET 497 COMMENTS Wednesday Mr. Peña Nieto Mexico,” he replied. weak currency, but the central bank delivered a short national address has been vigilant against inflation. Donald Trump’s path to the repeating that Mexico won’t pay for That’s obvious, but he should The main reason the peso has Presidency as an outsider always the wall. The Mexican government care—and he will have to—if fallen to 21 to the dollar from 17 in implied on-the-job-training. This also let slip that he might cancel his Mexico regresses to its ways before less than a year is Mr. Trump’s week’s lesson: The world is not a Washington visit. its reformation began in the 1980s. threats to destroy Nafta and start a Republican primary. President For decades our southern neighbor trade war. The U.S. President is Trump’s Twitter broadsides against On Thursday morning Mr. Trump was known for one-party devaluing Mexico’s currency—the Mexico have unleashed a political tweeted “if Mexico is unwilling to government, anti-Americanism, opposite of what he claims to want. backlash that has now become a pay for the badly needed wall, then hyperinflation and political turmoil. diplomatic crisis with a friendly it would be better to cancel the With a population of 128 million, neighbor. upcoming meeting.” Mr. Peña Nieto With U.S. encouragement, Mexico Mexico is America’s second-largest cancelled. Later Thursday Mr. began to reform its statist economic export market for goods. Some six Mr. Trump fancies himself a Spicer added confusion with some model and embrace global million U.S. jobs depend on trade negotiating wizard, but in this case comments about a border fee as competition. Ahead of the 1993 with Mexico. But the much larger he is out-negotiating himself. The part of tax reform. Chief of Staff North American Free Trade risk is that Mexicans will sour on White House announced last Reince Priebus tried to walk that Agreement (Nafta), Mexico progress toward joining their North weekend that Mr. Trump had asked back, but this is amateur hour. privatized thousands of state-owned American neighbors as prosperous Mexican President Enrique Peña companies and deregulated much free-market democracies. This is Nieto to Washington to talk about Doesn’t the “art of the deal” include of the economy. With Nafta it cut the moment that Mexico’s left— trade, immigration and the border. giving your negotiating partner room tariffs and opened to foreign dormant but not dead—has been Despite Mr. Trump’s many slights to compromise? Mr. Trump made it investment. Mexican agricultural waiting for as anti-American Andrés against Mexico during the impossible for Mr. Peña Nieto even was especially hard-hit by U.S. Manuel López Obrador prepares to campaign, Mr. Peña Nieto to negotiate, all the more so after competition, but its businesses run for President again in 2018. accepted. Mr. Peña Nieto went out of his way became more efficient and Nafta in August to invite Mr. Trump for a helped the country rebound from Mr. Trump is a foreign-affairs Mr. Trump proceeded to roll out the visit. That campaign stop helped Mr. the 1994 peso crisis. neophyte, but he is already learning red carpet by announcing his plan Trump show he could stand on that nations can’t be bullied like to build “the wall” on the U.S. stage as an equal with a foreign Mexico’s main political parties have GOP candidates or CEOs. They southern border that Mexicans of all leader, but Mr. Peña Nieto took a since traded stints in power, but have their own nationalist political political stripes consider an insult. beating at home when Mr. Trump both the PRI and the PAN have dynamics and when attacked they On Wednesday he also rolled out returned to Mexico-bashing. pressed economic reforms that push back. Mr. Trump said as a press secretary Sean Spicer to aver have raised living standards and candidate that he’d treat America’s that “one way or another, as the When Mr. Trump visited the Journal given Mexicans reasons to stay on friends better than Mr. Obama did, President has said before, Mexico in November 2015, we asked if the their side of the Rio Grande. but his first move has been to treat will pay for it.” U.S. should encourage political The peso is the only emerging- Mexico like Mr. Obama treated stability and economic growth in Israel. On present course he may That cornered the Mexican Mexico. “I don’t care about Mexico market currency that trades 24/7 President, who represents a nation and it is broadly used as a hedge get comparable results, or worse. unified by Mr. for emerging-market risk. Mr. Trump Editorial : Donald Trump’s Mexico Tantrum The Editorial from the White House since Mr. creating a continent-size market. Mr. Trump has pointed to America’s Board Trump was sworn in last Friday. The agreement led to production trade deficit with Mexico as a sign They have underscored just how chains for cars, planes and other that the United States is being Doug Chayka impulsive and apparently ignorant items that straddle borders and swindled. Trade with Mexico — Less than a week into the job, the new occupant of the Oval Office provide millions of jobs. Work that imports to the United States totaled President Trump on Thursday is of international economic and requires cheaper labor typically $296 billion in 2015 — benefits raised the specter of a trade war security relationships that serve occurs in Mexico, where earnings America by lowering the cost and with America’s third-largest partner, American interests. His advisers are lower, while design, engineering increasing the availability of goods, Mexico, as the White House warned appear unwilling to rein in his and advanced manufacturing tends like avocados and mangoes in that the United States could impose impulses or, as in the case of the to take place in Canada and the winter. While the trade deficit with a 20 percent tariff on Mexican tariff, hapless as they struggle to United States. Mexico has resulted in job losses in imports. tamp them down. some industries (possibly about Imposing a tariff on Mexico would 700,000 jobs in the first 16 years), a This absurd threat, issued as a It’s hard to tell whether the animus mean pulling out of Nafta, a move 2014 study estimates that 1.9 proposal to cover the cost of a Mr. Trump has conveyed toward that would severely disrupt the flow million American jobs depend on border wall, came just hours after immigrants, particularly Mexicans, is of parts and goods across North exports to Mexico. And trade, by President Enrique Peña Nieto of deeply felt, or if he simply came to America and stall production in raising wages and the standard of Mexico canceled a visit to the recognize how powerfully it would factories in the United States and living in Mexico, is a big reason that United States. The visit was appeal to voters disaffected by an Canada. It also could lead to illegal immigration from Mexico has supposed to improve the uneven economic recovery and the shortages of fresh vegetables and dropped steadily over the years. relationship between the two nation’s demographic changes. fruits in American grocery stores countries, deeply strained by Mr. and drive up the cost of many other Sending the Mexican economy into But allowing this view to drive trade consumer goods from Mexico. a tailspin is the surest way to Trump’s relentless scapegoating of and foreign policy toward Mexico Mexicans during his presidential Mexico’s economy, which is hugely reverse that trend, which historically could have disastrous dependent on American trade, has been driven by market forces, campaign. But Mr. Peña Nieto consequences for workers and decided he’d heard enough after would be devastated. But American and has never been deterred much consumers in both countries, given businesses and workers would by fences or walls. Besides, a tax Mr. Trump issued executive orders how tightly intertwined the two on Wednesday to begin rounding up stand to suffer immediate harm as on Mexican imports would be paid economies have become since the well. Mexico would retaliate with by American consumers and unauthorized immigrants and North American Free Trade building his border wall. tariffs of its own. And no matter how businesses that buy those goods. Agreement went into effect in 1994. Congress tried to structure the tariff, Americans would pay for the wall, The tariff tantrum was the latest in a Nafta eliminated most tariffs and which would require legislation, it not Mexicans. head-spinning torrent of lies, other trade barriers among Canada, would probably still violate World dangerous policy ideas and threats Mexico and the United States, Trade Organization rules.

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Editorial : Trump is starting a trade war we don’t need https://www.face democracy and steadily increased Then, boom. Mr. Trump planted a that the president is considering a book.com/washin economic freedoms within its stick of dynamite under a structure new tax on Mexican imports to pay gtonpostopinions borders. As it has matured into a that leaders of various parties in for his gratuitous wall. Mr. Spicer, middle-class nation, the flow of both nations have been carefully without providing many details, UNTIL A few days ago, the U.S.- Mexicans north has reversed, with constructing for decades. And for suggested the tax would raise some Mexico relationship was a strong more returning home in recent what? $10 billion a year. He later one that benefited both countries. In years than migrating to the United explained that this is just one of the first week of his term, President States. The president first announced this several options. Depending on its Trump seems determined to change week that he intended to proceed design, such an imposition could that — and for no good reason. In deference to this mutually with construction of an expensive indeed hurt Mexico. But it also beneficial relationship, Mexican and unnecessary border wall, would likely act as a tax on After decades of economic President Enrique Peña Nieto has fulfilling a campaign promise based integration, the United States and American consumers of Mexican strained against provocation to get on misunderstandings of both the goods. American consumers, that its southern neighbor have along with Mr. Trump. He invited extent of illegal immigration and the established a valuable trading is, would pay for the wall by paying him to a meeting in Mexico City last best way to deal with it. Then Mr. higher prices for Mexican-grown relationship exchanging $1.4 billion year, to Mr. Trump’s political benefit Trump revived his pledge that in goods every day. Mexico is the tomatoes, Mexican-sewn clothing and at Mr. Peña Nieto’s own Mexico would finance its and Mexican-built cars. second-largest foreign market for political risk. He was planning a visit construction. The humiliation was U.S.-made products. Trade and to Washington next week to look for too much to bear for Mr. Peña U.S. officials should reach out and investment between the two nations constructive cooperation. Nieto, who faced understandable seek to repair the week’s damage. It create wealth for both nations, and political pressure at home. The took the United States nearly a for innumerable American National News Alerts Mexican president canceled a decade to recover from the companies, workers and scheduled meeting with Mr. Trump. economic wreckage of the last consumers, all of whom would be Major national and political news as it breaks. recession. A wealth-destroying harmed by a trade war. Moreover, At that point, wiser heads still could trade war with one of America’s Mexico has become a valuable Please provide a valid email have defused and de-escalated. closest partners would threaten that partner in promoting liberal values, address. Instead, White House press long-sought recovery. having institutionalized multi-party secretary Sean Spicer announced

Doomsday Clock Moves Closer to Midnight, Signaling Concern Among Scientists By JONAH ENGEL executive director and publisher of president of the United States, his The end of the Cold War came as a BROMWICHJAN. 26, 2017 the bulletin. She was assisted by words matter.” relief to those who had lived in fear the theoretical physicist Lawrence of nuclear annihilation for decades, Members of the Bulletin of Atomic Krauss, the climate scientist and The board has held the and the minute hand slowly moved Scientists with the updated meteorologist David Titley, and the responsibility for the clock’s away from danger. In 1990, it was Doomsday Clock in Washington on former United States ambassador movements since 1973, when the at 10 minutes to midnight. The next Thursday. Credit Win Thomas Pickering. bulletin’s editor, Eugene year, it was a full 17 minutes away, Mcnamee/Getty Images Rabinowitch, died. Composed of at the relatively undisturbing time of Ms. Bronson, in a post- scientists, and nuclear and climate 11:43. It is getting closer to midnight. announcement interview, explained experts, the board meets biannually On Thursday, the group of scientists why the board had included the 30- to discuss where the clock’s hands “The illusion that tens of thousands who orchestrate the Doomsday second mark in the measurement. should fall in light of world events. of nuclear weapons are a guarantor Clock, a symbolic instrument She said that it was an attention- of national security has been catching signal that was meant to In the 1950s, the scientists feared stripped away,” the Bulletin said at informing the public when the earth nuclear annihilation, and since then, is facing imminent disaster, moved acknowledge “what a dangerous the time. moment we’re in, and how the board has begun to consider its minute hand from three to two other existential threats, including But over the next two decades the and a half minutes before the final important it is for people to take note.” climate change, compromised clock slowly ticked back. Conflict hour. biosecurity and artificial intelligence. between India and Pakistan, both of It was the closest the clock had “We’re so concerned about the whom staged nuclear weapons rhetoric, and the lack of respect for There were crises that the clock tests three weeks apart, had the been to midnight since 1953, the was not quick enough to take into year after the United States and the expertise, that we moved it 30 clock at nine minutes to midnight in seconds,” she said. “Rather than account. The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1998. By 2007, fears about Iranian Soviet Union conducted competing for instance, in 1962, did not tests of the hydrogen bomb. create panic, we’re hoping that this and North Korean nuclear capacity drives action.” change the hands of the clock, had pushed it to 11:55. Though scientists decide on the which at the time stood at seven clock’s position, it is not a scientific In an op-ed for The New York minutes to midnight. By 2015, the scientists were back in Times, Dr. Titley and Dr. Krauss a state of unmitigated concern, with instrument, or even a physical one. An explanation on the Bulletin’s The movement of its symbolic elaborated on their concerns, citing the clock at three minutes to the increasing threats of nuclear website accounts for this seeming midnight, the closest it had been hands is decided upon by the lapse in timekeeping: “The Cuban Science and Security Board of the weapons and climate change, as since 1984. well as President Trump’s pledges Missile Crisis, for all its potential Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. and ultimate destruction, only lasted “Unchecked climate change, global The organization introduced the to impede what they see as progress on both fronts, as reasons a few weeks,” it says. “However, the nuclear weapons modernizations, clock on the cover of its June 1947 lessons were quickly apparent when and outsized nuclear weapons edition, placing it at seven minutes for moving the clock closer to midnight. the United States and the Soviet arsenals pose extraordinary and to midnight. Since then, it has Union installed the first hotline undeniable threats to the continued moved closer to midnight and “Never before has the Bulletin between the two capitals to improve existence of humanity,” the bulletin farther away, depending on the decided to advance the clock communications, and, of course, said. “World leaders have failed to board’s conclusions. largely because of the statements of negotiated the 1963 test ban treaty, act with the speed or on the scale Thursday’s announcement was a single person,” they wrote. “But ending all atmospheric nuclear required to protect citizens from made by Rachel Bronson, the when that person is the new testing.” potential catastrophe.”

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“These failures of political on Earth,” it added. leadership endanger every person Editorial : Mr. Trump’s ‘Gag Rule’ Will Harm Global Health The Editorial In the past, the policy has applied and even if abortion is not the focus percent increase in the number of Board only to international family-planning of their work. women needing treatment following funds, which currently total around unsafe abortions. With a single memorandum, $600 million. Mr. Trump’s By cutting off family-planning funds President Trump may well have memorandum, however, would to reproductive health care Though the potential damage from made it harder for health workers apply the policy to “global health providers, the gag rule eliminated Mr. Trump’s memorandum is still around the world to fight cancer, assistance furnished by all contraceptive and maternal health being tallied up, the International H.I.V., Zika and Ebola. The departments or agencies.” Although services to countless women Planned Parenthood Federation memorandum, signed on Monday, reproductive health groups are still around the world. After losing calculates that it may lose $100 reinstates and expands a policy studying the memorandum, this funding during the Bush million over four years, leading to barring health organizations abroad, language would appear to apply to administration, a group known as reductions in services in at least 30 many of which provide an array of any international health funding, Family Health Options Kenya had to countries. services, from receiving federal around $9 billion, used to fight close six clinics, leaving 9,000 funds if they even talk to women people with little access to health President Trump’s decision will limit malaria, H.I.V., Zika, Ebola and health organizations’ ability to fight about abortion as a method of many other global health threats. care. family planning. disease and promote reproductive This would seem to go well beyond Perversely, the gag rule appears to health, and other governments will The so-called Mexico City policy, family-planning aid from the Agency have led to an increase in abortions, have to pitch in to help. On also known as the global gag rule, for International Development and which its proponents obviously did Wednesday, the Dutch government was established by President the State Department, to also not intend, and would be likely to do announced plans to establish an Ronald Reagan in 1984, and has include money from all American so in the future. In one 2011 study, international fund to help fill the gap since been supported by every governmental agencies and African countries that relied heavily left by the reinstatement of the Republican president and opposed departments. on aid from the United States policy, paying for contraception, by every Democratic one; Barack Federal funding for abortions experienced increased abortion abortion and education for women. Obama renounced it in 2009. Mr. abroad has been banned since rates when the policy was in effect, Representative Nita Lowey, Trump has not only reinstated it but 1973, except in cases of rape, relative to countries that got less Democrat of New York, and Senator greatly broadened its impact. incest or a threat to the mother’s funding from the United States. Jeanne Shaheen, Democrat of New life. Mr. Trump’s gag rule goes far Hampshire, have introduced bills Women in Rabai, Kenya, getting The policy will also limit access to that would permanently repeal the information about family planning beyond the 1973 ban to bar funding providers of safe abortions. Under to all organizations that provide Mexico City policy. Neither, and reproductive health services. the Bush-era policy, the regrettably, is likely to pass. Jonathan Torgovnik/The Hewlett abortion or abortion referrals, even International Planned Parenthood Foundation, via Getty Images if they do so with their own funds Association of Ghana reported a 50

Editorial : In China, torture is real, and the rule of law is a sham https://www.face advocates that began in July 2015. Read These Comments powers.” Jerome Cohen, a book.com/washin He is still in prison. In early January, professor at New York University gtonpostopinions he met with his attorneys and The best conversations on The School of Law, called the speech courageously gave them a Washington Post “the most enormous ideological A NATION under the rule of law harrowing account of how he has setback for decades of halting, must have a commitment that no Please provide a valid email been tortured. The transcript has address. uneven progress toward the one is exempt from justice. China been published on the website creation of a professional, impartial has courts, judges and lawyers, but China Change, and it is a story of Another lawyer, Li Chunfu, also 44, judiciary.” In effect, the chief justice the Communist Party remains beatings and abusive punishment once was “a lively and tough human was telling legions of judges and above the law. Two recent cases designed to crack his willpower. rights lawyer” who had advocated lawyers: The party, not the law, have dramatically illustrated how “They just deliberately tortured and against the use of torture, according reigns supreme. brutal and arbitrary punishment tormented me,” he recalled. For to a report by The Post . Mr. Li was from the Chinese party-state can example, Mr. Xie said, he was kept in secret detention for 500 The United States has regularly be, including its use of torture to subject to a perverse technique days, and when finally released on spoken out about the universal silence dissent and break called the “dangling chair.” He was Jan. 12, his wife, Bi Liping, said he values of human rights and rule of dissenters. forced to sit on a tower of stacked was thin, was ill and had become law. President Trump has shown no plastic stools for nearly 24 hours a paranoid. Associates and relatives interest in either and has endorsed Imprisonment, forced confessions the use of torture in interrogations. and deprivation are hardly new in day, both feet unable to reach the told the same China Change ground. His legs became swollen website that Mr. Li was tortured and That can only embolden China’s China, but the fresh examples are leaders the next time they decide to raw and disturbing. The victims and painful. Other times, guards sat drugged while confined. on either side of him for hours, apply thumbscrews to the were lawyers committed to peaceful On top of all this, the chief justice of champions of democracy and rule advocacy of human rights and smoking cigarettes and exhaling in his face. They threatened to harm the country’s Supreme Court, Zhou of law. dignity. Qiang, gave a speech this month his family and beat, kicked and Xie Yang, 44, a lawyer from the head-butted him in an effort to imploring “provincial judges to resist southern province of Hunan, was coerce a confession. He insists he ‘erroneous’ Western ideals of rounded up in a mass crackdown on is innocent of the subversion judicial independence, constitutional human rights lawyers and charges against him. democracy and the separation of

ETATS-UNIS

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 27

How Donald Trump fits in the 'post-truth' world The Christian The “post-truth” concept has been called for an investigation into the size of Trump’s inaugural crowd; Science Monitor around a while; Oxford Dictionaries alleged fraud. tomorrow, it could be the state of reports the term’s first known use in Russia’s nuclear arsenal. January 26, 2017 Washington—“Is 1992. But its usage spiked last year, Trump also insisted to Muir that he it your intention to always tell the both with the populist Brexit had the biggest inaugural crowd in When is a false statement a lie? truth?” movement, resulting in the UK’s history, “including television and everything else.” It’s the qualifiers Another debate raging in the press That question, posed by ABC vote to quit the European Union, is whether to refer to false and Trump’s rise to the presidency. that give Trump some wiggle room; News’s Jonathan Karl at Sean living-streaming is impossible to statements made by Trump and his Spicer’s first briefing as White But the advent of social media and quantity. aides a “lie.” The New York Times House spokesman, was a steady decline in the public’s trust has used “lie” on occasion extraordinary. It demonstrated the in institutions – including But that’s the issue – inauguration regarding a Trump statement; NPR depths to which White House-press government and the media – have crowd size – that put both Mr. sticks with “falsely stated.” relations had sunk just three days prepared the ground. Spicer and Ms. Conway in the into Donald Trump’s presidency. center of the weekend maelstrom The word “lie” suggests an intent to "Fueled by the rise of social media over what’s true and what is deceive, and without firm evidence, There was cause for mistrust on as a news source and a growing Trumpian hyperbole. that can be impossible to determine. both sides. Mr. Spicer had distrust of facts offered up by the Ms. Mercieca of Texas A&M presented false information, later establishment, post-truth as a 'Alternative facts' expresses concern that calling a amended, in a statement to the statement a lie will alienate a concept has been finding its Among many questionable press on Saturday. And a Time linguistic footing for some time," segment of the audience. And, she magazine reporter had misreported assertions, Spicer on Saturday had says, “I think it contributes to Oxford Dictionaries' Casper put out inaccurate figures for Metro that the bust of Martin Luther King Grathwohl tells the BBC. polarization.” Jr. had been removed from the Oval ridership in Washington on Office, a mistake that was quickly Trump’s use of language, repetitive inauguration day, numbers that he The news media face another corrected. and at times hyperbolic in its later corrected. profound challenge: The public deeply distrusts them – far more, in populist appeal, fit right into this “I’ve gotten out of the quantifying But there’s something much deeper trend. And his success didn’t come fact, than it distrusts Trump. at play here than just miscues game,” Spicer said with a smile out of nowhere, despite the Tuesday at his daily briefing. But the media, of course, are not a between White House staff and insistence of many in the media that reporters in the early days of a new monolithic entity. Consumers of he couldn’t win. On Sunday, Ms. Conway uttered news pick their favorite outlets, administration. The words “truth” the now-infamous phrase and “fact” are themselves now His words resonated with a slice of often determined by ideological “alternative facts” in an interview viewpoint, thus leading to further objects of fierce debate. the electorate that had felt ignored with NBC’s Chuck Todd, who by both Democrats and fracturing of society. The phrase “alternative facts,” used immediately replied: "Alternative Republicans alike. His supporters facts aren't facts, they are “I think that facts do matter, and I by Trump adviser Kellyanne took him seriously, but not literally, Conway in discussing the size of falsehoods." think Donald Trump has been able as an oft-cited essay in the Atlantic to take advantage of the fact that President Trump’s inauguration observed. The entire exchange became a audience, has entered the lexicon. we live in different media realities,” textbook case of how low trust says Mercieca. “Those mediated Sales of George Orwell’s dystopian Taking Trump seriously – and between reporters and a new novel “1984” have skyrocketed. literally realities contain their own complete administration can devolve into worldview, with their own facts. But Trump himself is fanning the flames Now Trump is president, and world recriminations. “I think we’re going those two worlds don’t often speak by continuing to boast about the leaders are taking his words both to have to rethink our relationship to each other, and in fact are very size of his inaugural crowd and seriously and literally. On Thursday here,” Conway told Mr. Todd. distrustful of one another.” make unsubstantiated claims about morning, the Mexican president In fact, Todd might have heard During the campaign, focus groups voter fraud last November, which he canceled a visit to the US after Conway out before labeling her says cost him the popular vote. The Trump tweeted that he should do so of voters sponsored by the statement a falsehood, says Annenberg Center brought out shift in style from former President if Mexico is unwilling to pay for the Kathleen Hall Jamieson, director of Obama to Trump has been sharp. border wall. those starkly competing realities. At the Annenberg Public Policy Center one session last June with working- But Trump is in many ways the Members of Congress, too, need at the University of Pennsylvania. class voters near Pittsburgh, culmination of a years-long trend. Trump to play it straight with facts – “Spicer was presenting alternative several voters said they liked Trump By setting himself as a crusader that is, agreed-upon information that ways of seeing the numbers,” says because he’s “honest.” And by that, against Washington and the media, will shape legislation. Ms. Jamieson. “Some turned out to they didn’t seem to be referring to he has played on Americans’ be false. But he also talked about the accuracy of his statements but declining trust in both. It is a given that politicians say that he says what he thinks. things that aren’t true all the time. people watching [the inauguration] “It’s fascinating to watch,” says But for Trump, the propensity for on mobile devices; that’s an “I agree on the honesty,” said Jennifer Mercieca, a historian of unsubstantiated claims has risen to alternative way of counting the Glenda, a 40-something bartender. American political discourse at a new level. numbers.” “We’ve been lied to for so long.” Texas A&M University in College His incendiary assertion that the The larger point, she says, is that Geoffrey Nunberg, a linguist at the Station. “And it’s as much about when speaking off the cuff, Donald Trump personally as it is votes of illegal immigrants in the University of California, Berkeley, November election cost him the everyone needs to cut one another School of Information, notes that about the context of this historical some slack. moment.” popular vote, which he lost by politicians tend to speak in almost 3 million votes, threatens to “It would be good if everyone on all generalities, but Trump is different. Word of the year: post-truth undermine trust in the democratic sides called a truce,” says process, analysts say. “Trump is exactly the sort of Right after the November election, Jamieson. “The problem is, Trump campaigner George Orwell said Oxford Dictionaries announced When asked by ABC’s David Muir made many, many, many false people should want,” Mr. Nunberg “post-truth” as word of the year, as about the claim in a Wednesday statements as a candidate. It’s not adds, referring to the British a way to describe “circumstances in interview, Trump cited a Pew that the press is engaging in this author’s famous 1946 essay which objective facts are less Research Center report from 2012. high level of vigilance for no reason “Politics and the English Language,” influential in shaping public opinion Mr. Muir pointed out that the author whatsoever.” which slammed intentionally vague than appeals to emotion and found “no evidence of fraud,” but And now, analysts say, the stakes political language. “Trump says personal belief.” Trump did not back down. He has will only get bigger. Today, it’s the what he thinks, and doesn’t use

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 28 circumlocutions. People hear it as straight talk.”

Tax Plan Sows Confusion as Tensions With Mexico Soar Michael D. between top Mexican officials and and will generate revenue from The House proposal would replace Shear, Binyamin their counterparts in Washington, Mexico that will pay for the wall if the current system of corporate Appelbaum and Alan Rappeport and just days before a scheduled we decide to go that route.” taxation with one that more closely meeting between Mr. Trump and resembles the approach taken by PHILADELPHIA — President the Mexican president, Enrique After the speech, in a brief, many other developed nations. The Trump’s decision to build a wall Peña Nieto. impromptu news conference as Mr. government would impose a 20 along the length of the United Trump flew back to Washington, Mr. percent tax on corporate income States’ southern border with Mexico The sense of chaos and confusion Spicer told reporters that the earned in the United States, which erupted into a diplomatic standoff about the tax issue added to the president now favored the plan to would have the effect of taxing on Thursday, leading to the fallout from Mr. Trump’s conflict with impose a 20 percent border tax as imports while exempting exports. cancellation of a White House visit Mr. Peña Nieto, his first direct clash part of a sweeping overhaul of by Mexico’s president and sharply with a world leader since becoming corporate taxation. Only last week, The approach, known as border rising tensions over who would pay president a week ago. The Mexican Mr. Trump had dismissed the tax as adjustment, creates the appearance for the wall. peso bounced sharply with each too complicated, favoring his own of taxing trade deficits. The goods new development. plan to impose a 35 percent tariff on that the United States imported from With the conflict escalating, Mr. manufactured goods made by Mexico in 2015 were worth about Trump appeared to embrace a Tensions between the two have American corporations in overseas $60 billion more than the goods it proposal by House Republicans that been simmering for months, despite factories. exported to Mexico, so federal would impose a 20 percent tax on comments by both men that they revenue in the short term would all imported goods. The White were trying to work together. Mr. Mr. Spicer said that the plan for the increase by roughly $12 billion. House press secretary, Sean Trump’s immigration and border- tax was “taking shape” and that it Spicer, told reporters that the wall decisions on Wednesday was “really going to provide the But the House plan would offset that proceeds would be used to pay for appeared to shatter the remaining funding” for the wall. revenue by reducing the 35 percent the border wall, estimated to cost as good will between them. corporate income tax rate, and much as $20 billion. Mr. Spicer said that was a direct would thus generate no new federal In a video message delivered on reference to the centerpiece of revenue over all. It was unclear how But a furious uproar prompted Mr. Twitter on Wednesday night, Mr. House Republicans’ proposal to that fit with Mr. Spicer’s repeated Spicer to temper his earlier Peña Nieto reiterated his overhaul the tax code. They have contention Thursday afternoon that remarks, saying the plan was simply commitment to protect the interests been pushing the idea for months, revenue from the tax adjustment “one idea” that might work to of Mexico and the Mexican people, but with little evidence, until would help finance construction of finance the wall. Mr. Spicer said it and pledged to devote the Thursday, that Mr. Trump was the border wall. was not the job of the White House resources of Mexico’s consulates in interested in it. to “roll something out” on tax policy, the United States to protecting its By siphoning off that revenue, Mr. while Mr. Trump’s chief of staff, citizens. President Trump’s First Actions Trump would make it impossible to Reince Priebus, said the reduce the tax rate as far as “I regret and condemn the United In his first week in office, President administration was considering “a Trump canceled the Trans-Pacific Republicans wish. He is pressing buffet of options.” States’ decision to continue with the for a 15 percent corporate tax rate. construction of a wall that, for years Partnership trade deal, promised to If Mr. Trump does eventually now, far from uniting us, divides us,” make his proposed border wall a Moreover, the tax would not be paid announce his support for the tax Mr. Peña Nieto said. reality, began to roll back the by Mexico. It would be paid by plan, it could have a broad impact Affordable Care Act, and more. companies selling Mexican goods in on the American economy, and its Mr. Trump responded on Twitter, “If the United States. Some might raise Mexico is unwilling to pay for the By DAVE HORN and SHANE consumers and workers, by sharply O’NEILL on January 26, 2017. prices, imposing the cost on increasing the prices of imported badly needed wall, then it would be consumers, while others might be better to cancel the upcoming Photo by Doug Mills/The New York goods or reducing profits for the Times. Watch in Times Video » forced by competitive pressures to companies that produce them. meeting.” absorb the tax, reducing their Other nations could retaliate, Within hours, that is just what But by the time Mr. Spicer returned profits. Many economists also doubt prompting a trade war that could hit happened. Blasting Mr. Trump for to the White House two hours later, that the change would end up consumers around the globe. sowing division between the he had already recanted. In another penalizing imports or encouraging hastily arranged conversation with exports. They predict that the value Retail businesses could see their countries, Mr. Peña Nieto angrily backed out of the White House reporters, he called the proposal of the dollar would rise, offsetting tax bills surge, said David French of “one idea” that might work and said those effects. the National Retail Federation, who meeting, which had been scheduled for next week. it was not the job of the White predicted that those costs would be House to “roll something out” on tax Nonetheless, many businesses in passed on to consumers. He called In remarks at congressional policy. industries such as retail and energy, the idea “very counter to the way Republicans’ retreat in Philadelphia, which rely heavily on imports, were consumers are feeling at the Mr. Trump portrayed the decision to “We’ve been asked over and over in a panic. moment.” cancel the meeting as his own and again: ‘How could you possibly do this? There’s no way that Mexico Representative Kevin Brady, the If nothing else, the rapid-fire issued a stern warning to Mr. Peña Texas Republican who wrote the Nieto about the consequences of will pay for it,’ ” Mr. Spicer said. developments showed Mr. Trump “Here’s one way. Boom. Done. We plan, told Fox News on Thursday that international diplomacy and a refusing to cooperate with him on afternoon that he was pleased that financing the wall. could go in another direction. We top-to-bottom overhaul of the tax could talk about tariffs. We could Mr. Trump appeared to be on board code would not be as easy as an “Unless Mexico is going to treat the talk about other custom user fees. with it after his appearance in announcement before a campaign United States fairly, with respect, There are a hundred other things.” Philadelphia. microphone. The events unfolded such a meeting would be fruitless, “What I heard today from this after Mr. Trump signed an executive and I want to go a different route,” The White House and House order on Wednesday to strengthen Republicans have been hashing out president was that in tax reform, Mr. Trump said. “We have no that they would level the playing the nation’s deportation force and choice.” their respective tax proposals as start construction on a new wall they press forward with Mr. Trump’s field for imports around the world along the border. In the same remarks, Mr. Trump agenda to revive American and level it with the U.S. products alluded to the idea of a border tax, manufacturing and increase here in America at the exact same Adding to Mexico’s perception of an saying, “We’re working on a tax exports. rate,” Mr. Brady said. insult was the timing of the order: It reform bill that will reduce our trade came on the first day of talks deficits, increase American exports,

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Ambiguous statements muddle Trump’s strategy on funding border wall https://www.face Because the United States imports The White House’s challenges in adopted,” once investors see the book.com/anaclaireswanson a lot more than it exports, such a explaining how Trump would make measure is likely to pass. policy could raise a lot of money for Mexico pay for the wall — or which The White House added more federal coffers. policy it was advocating — Others say the policy would offer uncertainty to President Trump’s underscore how difficult it will be for advantages to U.S. companies. plan to fund a wall along the House Republicans had planned to Trump to achieve what he wants. A “What would probably happen is southern border with ambiguous use that revenue to help pay for a border tax or a tariff would not have there would be some appreciation statements on Thursday — remarks broader overhaul of the tax code, an easy-to-predict impact on the of the U.S. dollar but not enough to that emphasized the practical which would involve slashing economy and, while it would seem offset the effects of the tax,” said difficulties for the new corporate and personal income tax that Trump was achieving his Marcus Noland, director of studies administration in delivering on rates. objective, would not be an easy way at the Peterson Institute for Trump’s campaign-trail promise to to make Mexico pay for the wall. International Economics. make Mexico pay. Amid confusion about the White House’s proposal Thursday, Spicer A border adjustment might seem Evening Edition newsletter Initially, White House press clarified that he was only suggesting like a way to help U.S. companies The day's most important stories. secretary Sean Spicer suggested one possible way of funding whose products compete with that the wall would be funded Trump’s proposed wall. He said goods imported from abroad, Please provide a valid email through a 20 percent tax on imports tariffs, which are different from economists say. That’s because on address. from Mexico. “The idea is . . . that border adjustment taxes, are also a the surface, it would make U.S. here is an easy way that generates possibility. “There have been exports cheaper (since companies Who’d pay? more than enough revenue right off questions about how the president won’t have to pay taxes on the While Trump and Republicans could the bat that achieves the goal,” he could pay for the wall,” he said. income earned with those sales) said. “We’ve been asked over and over frame the border adjustment tax as and imports from foreign companies a way of forcing Mexico to pay for again, ‘How could you possibly do more expensive. This sounded similar to an idea this? There’s no way that Mexico the wall, the reality would be more being championed by House will pay for it.’ Here’s one way. But many economists say it’s not complex. For one, the tax would Speaker Paul D. Ryan (R-Wis.) and Boom. Done.” that simple. If U.S.-made goods and raise revenue overall for the U.S. other House Republicans working to services were made cheaper to buy government — from imports from all overhaul the tax code: a border Trump has previously threatened to overseas through a tax mechanism, countries — and Congress and the adjustment tax. impose tariffs on Mexico and other there would be greater demand for administration could simply choose countries if they don’t agree to to direct some of it toward paying The esoteric idea has gained notice them. As a result, economists renegotiate trade deals. A tariff is predict the price of the dollar would for the wall. in the House in recent months as a different from a border adjustment way for Republicans, who usually climb, making exports once again Second, House Republicans had tax in a few ways. One is that while more expensive and canceling out shun measures that limit free trade, a tariff imposes a fee on goods or planned to use the border to respond to Trump’s complaints the benefits for American adjustment tax to offset the cost of services imported into the United companies. that companies are able to move States, it does not subsidize tax reform. If some of those funds jobs to Mexico and other countries exports. Also, while a border There is disagreement among were redirected toward the wall, and then sell products back into the adjustment tax would likely affect all economists about how fast, or how Republicans would have to find United States tax-free. imports and exports, a tariff could much, this would occur. other sources of revenue — or borrow — to fund tax cuts. Until recently, the border adjustment be directed toward a specific Proponents, such as economist tax was not a commonly discussed country or product. Alan Auerbach of the University of A tariff would be more disruptive. California at Berkeley, say the idea in the United States, where So which one was it? companies generally pay taxes on reaction would be swift and painless The price of consumer products that the income they generate Trump previously criticized the for consumers. “Exchange rates are are imported from Mexico would regardless of how much they import border adjustment tax idea as determined in markets that move rise, but so might the price of or export. The border tax would tax overly complicated and said he did with lightning speed,” he said. “The products that are made in America imports into the United States, but not favor it. But Republicans took exchange rate adjustment should using components from Mexico — not exports. Spicer’s comments to suggest occur before the policy is actually including motor vehicles, consumer Trump was warming to the idea. electronics and other products.

Editorial : Trump's wall is a huge waste of money The Editorial So when President Trump says he The federal government now much of the border land is in private Board , USA is moving ahead with a massive spends more policing immigration hands. TODAY border wall, it has all the hallmarks than it does on all other law of a multibillion dollar boondoggle. enforcement activities — Since 2007, the estimated number The border fence between Tijuana, And his insistence that Mexico be combined. More, that is, than on of undocumented immigrants has Mexico, and California on forced to pay for his costly drug trafficking, gangs, dropped from 12.2 million to slightly Thursday.(Photo: Guillermo Arias, campaign pledge threatens to counterfeiting, identity theft, more than 11 million, thanks to AFP/Getty Images) rupture relations with an important financial fraud, would-be assassins, some combination of increased ally and trading partner. routine interstate crime, illegal arms enforcement, declining birth rates Since 2005, the federal government and rising economies, particularly has added hundreds of miles of sales, computer hacking, corporate Physical barriers certainly have a malfeasance, government Mexico's. walls and fencing along the U.S.- significant place in border security. Mexico border. It has doubled the corruption and the domestic part of This isn’t to say illegal immigration But any major expansion of the the war on terror. size of the Border Patrol by existing barriers should be done in has stopped outright. But it is being hiring more than 10,000 agents. the context of cost-benefit Most of California, Arizona and New offset by people returning to their And it has ramped up spending so analysis. By any reasonable Mexico already have some kind of home countries. What’s more, an rapidly that it is plagued with accounting, the surge of spending barrier. Texas is another matter, estimated 35% to 50% of the inflow duplicative programs. on border enforcement has already thanks to the difficulties of building is people who come in legally and reached a point of diminishing along the snaking, flood-prone Rio overstay their visas, people who are return. Grande River, and the fact that

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 30 not impacted by walls or other to cancellation of next week's costs, would set off a mutually workers would do far more to border control efforts. scheduled meeting between Trump destructive trade war and effectively improve immigration enforcement and Mexican President Enrique make U.S. consumers pick up the than spending an additional $12 Taking all this into account, Peña Nieto. Slapping a 20% tax on tab. billion or more on steel and Trump's wall would be a colossal imports from Mexico, which a concrete. waste of money. His idea of forcing Trump spokesman floated Thursday Cracking down on visa overstays Mexico to pay for it has already led as a way to recoup the construction and on employers who hire illegal Editorial : Trump’s Wall: A Wasteful, Foolish Boondoggle The Editors Peña Nieto has said he is open to it. would also break bottlenecks that reducing illegal immigration to the It should go without saying that they block legitimate commerce. U.S. from Central America. President Donald Trump’s promised have far more important issues to wall has already stopped at least discuss than Trump’s plans for a To further reduce the illegal The mere prospect of the wall is one Mexican from entering the U.S.: wall along their 2,000-mile border. population in the U.S., nearly half of already disrupting relations with a President Enrique Peña Nieto, who whom entered legally, Trump could neighbor whose enthusiastic has canceled his planned trip to Not only would the wall be order the full implementation of the partnership is vital to helping the Washington next week. Trump needlessly expensive -- Trump says E-verify system to screen legal U.S. grow its economy, achieve tweeted on Thursday that if Mexico it will cost $8 billion, engineers have workers and the long-promised energy independence, prevent didn’t want to pay for the wall, then said at least twice as much -- but biometric entry-exit system. Both of crime and terrorism, and protect the maybe Peña Nieto shouldn’t come. there are far better ways to prevent these would be just a fraction of the environment. All of these efforts The Mexican president complied. the flow of undocumented real-world cost of a wall. require cooperation, not immigrants and drugs from Mexico. confrontation. If Trump continues to Such is the state of relations All this said, Trump promised his insist on making the wall an issue, between the U.S. and its southern Never mind that the number of supporters a wall, he may feel he will continue to endanger a neighbor, which is also its third- people trying to sneak into the U.S. obligated to deliver. One face- relationship that has long served largest trading partner. Building a through Mexico is dropping to levels saving idea is stronger and more both countries well. wall on the U.S.-Mexican border last seen in the 1970s, or that most imposing physical barriers in urban has never made much sense -- drug smuggling takes place at areas, where it’s easier for criminal To contact the senior editor economically, financially or border crossings. In fact, if Trump elements to melt into the landscape. responsible for Bloomberg View’s symbolically. Now its political costs wants to secure the border, he Another (admittedly unlikely) idea is editorials: David Shipley at are coming into view. should focus on those crossings, to help Mexico build a better wall [email protected]. which are badly in need of new along its border -- with Guatemala. A Trump spokesman said the technology and manpower. This That could also have the effect of meeting will be rescheduled, and Stein : Better barriers are worth the cost Dan Stein 6:57 of these things are badly needed to national security, it is just one addressing the lure of jobs in this p.m. ET Jan. 26, gain control of the border, and component of an overall strategy. country. 2017 would help both Mexico and the Equally important, we must give U.S. eliminate cartel operations. people reasons not to cross our Our relationship with Mexico is President Trump shows his borders illegally in the first place. important, even vital. But it must be executive order on Jan. 25, Who will pay is now under debate. based on a mutuality of respect for 2017.(Photo: Nicholas Kamm, Regardless of who pays, it is a President Trump has also taken the our borders and our laws. AFP/Getty Images) great deal for taxpayers. U.S. first steps toward ending the taxpayers now absorb recurring magnets that draw large numbers of This integrated border and interior On Wednesday, President Trump costs in excess of $100 billion a illegal aliens to this country, while enforcement strategy will restore ordered completion of border year to provide basic services to adding deterrence through the end our national footing as a nation that security measures that were illegal aliens and their children. of “catch and release” folly. On will enforce its laws and protect the promised by Congress in 2006 but Even at the high end of the one- Wednesday, he put sanctuary public interest. never fulfilled. The centerpiece of time cost estimate for constructing a jurisdictions with non-cooperation Dan Stein is president of the the president’s order is secure wall, in the $15 billion and $25 policies on notice: Maintain those barriers (a wall, perhaps) along the Federation for American billion range, the structures are policies and forfeit billions of federal Immigration Reform, a non-profit areas of the border required to cheap at twice the price. dollars. Trump will insist Congress achieve operational security. It also group that favors more restrictive send a bill that mandates the use of immigration policies. includes upgrades in electronic While border security infrastructure E-Verify by all employers, thereby monitoring of the border and an is important to stemming the flow of finally — after years of waiting — additional 5,000 border agents. All illegal immigration and protecting Military Brass Fill Donald Trump’s National Security Council Jay Solomon Obama’s foreign-policy brain trust, campaign pledges to eradicate White House officials didn’t which was light on Pentagon brass Islamic State and get tough with immediately respond to requests to Jan. 26, 2017 and stacked with diplomats and Iran, which Mr. Obama spent eight comment on the nature of Mr. 7:48 p.m. ET strategists committed to exploring years trying to engage. Trump’s NSC appointments. openings with Iran, Cuba, Russia WASHINGTON—President Donald One person familiar with the Many of the new National Security Trump is filling the top ranks of his and other traditional U.S. adversaries. changes in the NSC described it as Council officials are close to Mr. National Security Council with “a deliberate militarization” of the Flynn. Others worked for David active-duty and retired military Current and former U.S. officials operation, driven by Michael Flynn, Petraeus, the retired general and officers extensively schooled in the said Mr. Trump is relying more the retired lieutenant general who is former Central Intelligence Agency fight against Islamist extremists and heavily on military personnel to Mr. Trump’s national-security director who oversaw the U.S. wars intent on containing Iran’s power in handle national-security issues than adviser. in Iraq and Afghanistan under both the Middle East, according to any president since Ronald Mr. Obama and former President officials involved in the staffing Reagan. “That is something they’re seeking,” George W. Bush. decisions. this person said, and the shift is Mr. Trump’s staffing decisions, said being implemented by Mr. Flynn’s Among key appointees, retired The appointments mark a sharp the officials involved in them, reflect new hires. Army Col. Derek Harvey will break from former President Barack his push to make good on his oversee Middle East affairs in the

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 31

NSC, according to the officials. Mr. Former Pentagon and State academic and diplomat who nuclear deal Mr. Obama reached Harvey led counterinsurgency Department officials who have regularly engaged leaders of with Iran in 2015. operations in both Afghanistan and worked with the new NSC militant groups, such as Hezbollah Iraq during his tenure at the appointments said they have an and Hamas, before he entered The White House also has Pentagon’s Central Command and exceptional understanding of the government service. appointed Victoria Coates, former the Defense Intelligence Agency. Middle East and the threats posed national security adviser to by the region’s terrorism. At the Col. Harvey and Col. Rayburn, in Republican Sen. Ted Cruz of The White House appointed Army same time, they said, there is a contrast, largely focused while at Texas, to oversee “strategic Col. Joel Rayburn as one of Col. concern the White House might now the Pentagon on developing initiatives.” Mr. Cruz is another Harvey’s deputies to develop U.S. not have enough diplomats and counterinsurgency and ardent opponent of the Iran deal. policy toward Iraq, Syria, Iran and strategists. counterterrorism operations to other Mideast hot spots. Col. combat al Qaeda and Iran’s elite The key for the Trump Rayburn was a top adviser to Mr. “These are very experienced people military unit, the Revolutionary administration’s foreign-policy Petraeus in Iraq and has written whose knowledge of the Middle Guard. success, said some current and extensively about broader Mideast East goes back decades,” said former officials, is whether it issues and the regional role of Iran. James Jeffrey, a former U.S. The Trump administration has made includes a broader strategic vision. other top NSC appointments by ambassador to Iraq and Turkey, “My concern, beyond the military The Trump administration also has now at the Washington Institute for drawing from conservative circles appointed Matthew Pottinger, a outside the military. bent, is that much of the experience Near East Policy. “But you also seems to be tactical,” said Brian former Marine, a close aide to Mr. need people at the NSC who have Flynn and a onetime Wall Street Christopher Ford has been named Katulis of the Center for American diplomatic experience. This requires the top White House official working Progress, a think tank aligned with Journal staff writer, to oversee Asia tradecraft as well.” issues at the NSC. to counter nuclear-weapons the Democratic Party. “The Middle Mr. Obama’s top adviser on the proliferation. Mr. Ford held a senior East today has a lot of strategic Mr. Trump has appointed a pair of Mideast during his first term was State Department position during crosswinds.” retired generals—Jim Mattis and Dennis Ross, a career diplomat who the George W. Bush administration John Kelly—to head the Pentagon and worked closely with John —Carol E. Lee and Damian Paletta spent decades working on the Arab- contributed to this article. and Department of Homeland Israeli peace process. In recent Bolton, a onetime State Department Security. years, Mr. Obama’s top Mideast official. Mr. Bolton has been among Write to Jay Solomon at hand was Robert Malley, an the most outspoken critics of the [email protected]

Nafta’s Net U.S. Impact Is Modest Jacob M. foreign direct investment, and a in those years, from $39.9 billion to direct investment into Mexico, from Schlesinger, more-integrated regional $294.2 billion. $15.2 billion in 1993 to $101.0 Andrew Tangel and Valerie manufacturing system, particularly billion in 2013. That has taken the Bauerlein for the auto industry. But they differ Among the American winners from form of U.S. manufacturers—of both on which numbers matter most. the deal: soybean farmers, who parts and full products, like cars— Updated Jan. 27, 2017 12:07 a.m. enjoyed a quintupling of their sales shifting into Mexico. ET In two tweets Thursday morning, to Mexico from 1993 to 2015. Mr. Trump singled out the trade “We’re watching the administration’s The trade agreement was For all of the debate sparked by the imbalance. “The U.S. has a 60 decisions very, very closely, and it’s influential, for example, in Oreo North American Free Trade billion dollar trade deficit with fair to say that we’re nervous,” said maker Mondelez’s decision to Agreement, most economists say its Mexico,” he wrote. “It has been a Ron Moore, president of the eliminate 600 factory jobs in concrete impact on the U.S. one-sided deal from the American Soybean Association. Chicago and move more production economy has been modest—a beginning…with massive numbers of its cookies to Mexico. Mondelez small gain in growth and efficiency, of jobs and companies lost.” Caterpillar Inc. last year exported chose to ultimately upgrade a and a small loss in jobs and lower $33 million more in products to factory in Mexico instead of wages for certain factory workers. Mr. Trump is correct that Nafta has Mexico than it imported from the investing some $130 million to coincided with a big shift in U.S. country, according to Chris Rogers expand the Chicago factory in 2015. But as with most free-trade trade terms with its southern at trade analysis firm Panjiva. He agreements, the gains over 23 The decision drew criticism from Mr. neighbor, swinging from a trade said the data highlight how the Trump in his campaign, when he years have been diffuse and the surplus of $1.7 billion in 1993, the Peoria, Ill., company runs a pains more concentrated, helping vowed on social media to never eat year before Nafta took effect, to a “flexible, cross-border supply chain Oreos again. stoke the intense political backlash deficit of $61 billion last year, and sales business,” allowing it “to that powered Donald Trump’s though on a far greater value of move parts and completed vehicles A large portion of the big presidential campaign, and now his bilateral trade overall. to where the optimal labor cost and commercial trucks now traveling on White House move to rip up the skill sets are, without having to U.S. roads and interstate highways agreement. In addition to the impact attributable suffer significant bureaucratic or were built in Mexico. A decade ago, to tariff cuts under Nafta, currency tariff hurdles.” most of Navistar International “Nafta produced large changes in swings exacerbated the deficit. The trade volumes, tiny efficiency gains Corp.’s heavy-duty models were Mexican peso plunged the year The impact of trade numbers are built at plants in Ontario and Texas. overall, and some very significant after the deal took effect, making hard to sort out, because parts are impacts on adversely affected The Illinois-based company closed Mexican exports much cheaper and shipped back and forth within both facilities to consolidate communities,” Harvard economist pricing many American products out expanded regional production Dani Rodrik said on his blog this production in Escobedo, Mexico, of the Mexican market. systems. “When we look at the near Monterrey. Besides lower labor week. Mr. Trump exaggerated the cross-border trade…when you pact’s cost on manufacturing jobs, Moreover, the numbers and trends costs, Navistar said the move really dig deep, you see that…a brought its production closer to key he said, but was “able to capitalize behind that top-line figure paint a lion’s share has value-added on on the very real losses…in certain more complex picture. While Mexico suppliers that had also relocated to both sides of the border and is Mexico. parts of the country in a way that is shipping more to the U.S., it isn’t inextricably linked to our economy,” Democrats were unable to…” as if it has closed its borders to U.S. Union Pacific Corp. CEO Lance Yet the pact’s advocates say that products. In Nafta’s first two All sides agree Nafta has coincided Fritz said on an earnings call last shift lifted the efficiency of the decades, U.S. exports to Mexico week. factories that stayed in the U.S., with a significant increase in soared from $41.6 billion in 1993 to economic activity across the U.S.- pre-empting what would have been $240.3 billion in 2014. Imports from That interdependence flows from a an even bigger loss of Mexican border: more trade, more Mexico, however, grew even faster huge increase in American foreign

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 32 manufacturing. “What seems to the persistence of a long-term apparel and footwear dependent Nafta advocates say the economic have happened is that the North decline that predated Nafta, the small town in South Carolina, even debate misses the bigger point of American auto industry reacted to sharp increase in automation, and a if she is employed in the nontraded the deal, which has been to Nafta by rationalizing itself,” surge in Chinese imports after sector such as in a diner where she ameliorate longstanding tensions Berkeley economist Brad DeLong Beijing entered the World Trade would appear to be immune to trade across the border and turn Mexico wrote this week for Vox, “moving Organization. shocks, would see substantially into a more steadfast U.S. ally. By those parts of it that could be lower wage growth,” the paper says. that standard, they say, the pact effectively performed by relatively “For the average worker, there is has been a great success, fostering low-skill workers to Mexico, and not much of an impact, but for The collapse of the textile and more bilateral cooperation on issues thus gaining a cost advantage vis-à- certain important pockets of apparel industry was devastating in from crime to the environment—and vis European and Japanese workers, the lowered import barriers central North Carolina, where mill keeping Mexico from following the producers.” resulting from Nafta do seem to towns dried up in places like path of left-wing Latin American have lowered wage growth well Richmond County. The county is countries or drifting closer to The hot-button question is what below what it would have been,” poorer, older and less educated American rivals like China. effect Nafta has had on the John McLaren, a University of than the state and the U.S, with American workforce—measured by Virginia economist said in an 13% holding a bachelor’s degree, It is that immeasurable gain that Mr. jobs lost and the damping effect on interview posted on his school’s less than half the national average Trump seems most skeptical about, wages as production has shifted to website. “This is particularly true for of 30%. and most willing to put at risk. a lower-paid workforce. blue-collar workers.” “Nafta destroyed this county,” said —Annie Gasparro and Jesse Nafta boosters and critics generally Mr. McLaren said his study found Robert Lee, owner of a local gun Newman contributed to this article. agree the pact has led to a the largest impact “in parts of shop. “It took all the jobs.” reduction of U.S. jobs, but their Georgia, North Carolina, South Write to Jacob M. Schlesinger at estimates vary widely, from about Carolina and Indiana, with areas The county is slowly shrinking in [email protected], 100,000 to 700,000 or so. The like Washington, D.C., Northern population, and jobs are commonly Andrew Tangel at pact’s defenders say its critics are Virginia and Maryland among the in low-paying service jobs without [email protected] and looking at the steady drop in U.S. least vulnerable locales.” The study benefits, which limits their ability to Valerie Bauerlein at manufacturing workforce in recent tried to document how the losses in buy things. “People that wait tables [email protected] decades and improperly tying all of certain communities might ripple and flip burgers, they don’t buy new it to Nafta—discounting other beyond the factories affected. “A cars and new homes,” Mr. Lee said. factors such as high-school dropout living in an “They work to go to work.” Trump Tax Idea for Wall Echoes House GOP Plan Richard Rubin Border adjustments are often used “We’re working on a tax reform bill Wall Street Journal Jan. 13, saying in countries that have value-added that will reduce our trade deficits, both that it was “too complicated” Updated Jan. 26, taxes, which tax domestic increase American exports and will and that he didn’t like how it 2017 7:45 p.m. ET consumption. The House plan generate revenue from Mexico that sounded. The Trump administration took a would drop the corporate tax rate will pay for the wall if we decide to from 35% to 20%, prevent go that route,” Mr. Trump said at a Republican leaders in the House step toward a House Republican tax have vowed to press ahead, plan Thursday when it tentatively companies from deducting congressional Republicans’ retreat expenses on imported goods and in Philadelphia. warning that the provision is central endorsed a proposal to tax U.S. to their plans. The apparent shift in imports and exempt exports from exempt exports from taxable income. Such a tax could drive up costs of Mr. Trump’s view, if the taxation, an idea known as “border imported goods, including produce, administration holds to it, is a way adjustment.” “This president is looking at a very toys and consumer electronics—the for him to say he has kept his House Republicans are banking on bold tax reform approach,” Rep. easiest and most obvious line of promise of forcing Mexico to pay for the idea to help pay for deep cuts in Kevin Brady (R., Texas) told Fox attack for opponents. the wall, take a step toward News. “Our competitors are already Republican House Speaker Paul corporate and individual income-tax “Simply put, any policy proposal rates but face resistance from doing this.” Ryan, and take a major revenue which drives up costs of Corona, source he can use to pay for the industry groups and, until Thursday A border adjustment is different tequila or margaritas is a big-time it seemed, the White House itself. income and corporate tax rate cuts from the “big border tax” that Mr. bad idea,” Sen. Lindsey Graham (R, on which he campaigned. President Donald Trump and press Trump often talks about and has S.C.) said on Twitter. “Mucho sad.” described as a targeted 35% levy Viewed this way, Mexico’s secretary Sean Spicer floated the Economists and proponents of the border adjustment idea—which Mr. on firms that outsource production government—which has vowed not and bring goods back into the U.S. tax say imposing it would also drive to pay for the wall—wouldn’t be Trump criticized two weeks ago—as up the value of the U.S. dollar, their way of paying for a wall on the paying directly, and the statements In the short run, border adjustment which could soften the blow to from the U.S. administration U.S.-Mexico border. Mr. Spicer later would raise money for the importers by lowering the pretax said the proposal was just one Thursday are an admission of how government—about $1 trillion over cost of the goods and services they unlikely that is. option being considered “to a decade. That’s because the U.S. bring into the U.S. demonstrate that paying for the wall imports more than it exports, In fact, the costs would be collected can be done.” Mr. Trump’s chief of running an annual trade deficit in The large retailers and oil refiners by companies selling Mexican- staff, Reince Priebus, said the excess of $500 billion. who have been opposing the House made products in the U.S. There administration was considering “a plan doubt the currency adjustment are still many details to work out as buffet of options.” The U.S. runs about a $50 billion would happen as neatly or as lawmakers write a major tax bill annual trade deficit with Mexico. quickly as economists predict, and over the next few months. The comments by Messrs. Trump Applying the 20% tax to Mexican think the tax plan would force them and Spicer give fresh momentum to Republican senators have been imports and exempting U.S. exports to raise prices. cautious about backing the House the border adjustment idea, though to Mexico would generate net the administration and House If a dollar rise does occur, it could tax plan and Democrats view it as revenue of about $10 billion part of an unacceptable package Republicans still face political and annually, enough to pay for a wall in unsettle markets, hurt American technical obstacles, including investors with holdings overseas, that benefits high-income the next few years without leaving a households too much. opposition from retailers, oil refiners big dent in the House tax plan. It and change the Federal Reserve’s and other importing industries, as isn’t clear, however, whether calculations about interest-rate If it becomes law, other countries well as skepticism from some Mexicans would actually bear the decisions. could retaliate by border-adjusting senators. burden of the tax. Mr. Trump had criticized border their own corporate taxes or adjustment in an interview with The challenging the U.S. plan at the

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 33

World Trade Organization as an —Carol E. Lee, Siobhan Hughes Mexico City contributed to this Write to Richard Rubin at impermissible export subsidy. and Kristina Peterson in article. [email protected] Philadelphia, and Santiago Perez in Republicans Now Marching With Trump on Ideas They Had Opposed By JENNIFER Many Republicans, who have been complicated when you get into the Republicans are also at times STEINHAUERJA longstanding opponents of Russia details of tax reform, but once we confused about what Mr. Trump is N. 26, 2017 and written laws that prohibit go through how tax reform works actually seeking when he makes torture, have chosen to overlook, or and what it’s going to take to get the policy declarations on Twitter. President Trump greeted Speaker even concur with, Mr. Trump’s kind of competitive tax system, the “‘Appears’ I think is the big word,” Paul D. Ryan as he and Vice embrace of both. Even on the kind of competitive tax rates, I think said Representative Ryan Costello President Mike Pence attended a subject of Mr. Trump’s call for an most people agree that this is the of Pennsylvania. “I don’t think retreat for congressional investigation into voter fraud, a right approach.” anyone in the House of Republicans in Philadelphia on widely debunked claim, Representatives on the Republican Thursday. Credit Doug Mills/The Republicans have often demurred. Congressional Republicans are also side of the aisle wants to go through New York Times “The notion that election fraud is a struggling to keep up with Mr. the legislative process,” only to fiction is not true,” said the Senate Trump’s rapid-fire announcements, have the Trump administration send PHILADELPHIA — From the time let alone push their agenda. “It’s Donald J. Trump became their majority leader, Mitch McConnell of a bill back, he said. Kentucky. fast-paced stuff,” said Senator John candidate until he took the oath of Hoeven, Republican of North Republicans had expected to reveal office, congressional Republicans Mr. Trump said he could not wait for Dakota. Investigating voter fraud, great progress on their plans to treated his policy pronouncements lawmakers to get to work on their for instance, is not something he replace the health care act here, but — largely out of step with newfound common ground. “This would like to see Congress take on. instead seemed stuck in a perpetual Republican dogma — as essentially Congress is going to be the busiest “Our priorities are the ones we laid debate over the timeline of coming a distraction. He would talk. They Congress we’ve had in decades, out,” he said. up with a replacement. Senators in would drive the policies. maybe ever,” Mr. Trump said. In an large part made a strong argument They are also eager to get on with But now, the question of whether apparent reference to forthcoming for making sure that a replacement bills, he added, “We’re actually the rest of that agenda — plan had been fashioned before congressional Republicans would specifically a repeal and, ostensibly, change President Trump or Mr. going to sign the stuff that you’re repealing the law, while many in the writing. You’re not wasting your a replacement of the Affordable House continue to push for a repeal Trump would change them has an Care Act. “We are on the same early answer. Mr. Trump cheerfully time.” with replacement coming much page with the White House,” Mr. later. addressed the group here at their Photo Ryan insisted Thursday. “The policy retreat on Thursday, and they president agrees with this agenda.” Also notable is the Republicans’ responded with applause to many Mr. Trump took his first official flight acceptance of something they have proposals they have long opposed. on Air Force One on Thursday. But it is the sudden embrace of despised: the use of the executive Credit Doug Mills/The New York federal spending that represents pen to make policy. Several House Republican lawmakers appear more Times perhaps the most striking departure, than ready to open up the coffers Republicans dismissed the notion with Republicans backing the that Mr. Trump would abuse his for a $12 billion to $15 billion border Many Republicans in Congress say concept of starting the financing for wall, perhaps without the his presidency is off to a substantive power to issue executive orders in the border wall with a new the way they complained that Mr. commensurate spending cuts that start, delivering on campaign appropriation. they demanded when it came to promises to quell illegal Obama did during his second term. disaster aid, money to fight the Zika immigration, reduce regulations, And the list is much longer. By “What you do by the pen can be virus or funds for the tainted water start the rollback of the health care contrast, last year, Senator John dismantled by the pen,” said system in Flint, Mich. They also law and reverse the Obama Cornyn of Texas, the No. 2 Senate Representative Tom Reed of New seem to back a swelling of the administration’s decisions to halt the Republican, called Democrats’ York. federal payroll that Mr. Trump has Keystone XL and Dakota Access request for $600 million in aid to called for in the form of a larger pipeline projects. Flint added to an energy bill “a huge Mr. Trump is also trying to work his military and 5,000 more border earmark,” adding, “I think it’s not will on how the Senate operates. In patrol agents. “I think he’s completely winning the something I could support,” in an interview with Sean Hannity on expectation game,” said keeping with most of his colleagues. Fox News, Mr. Trump said he They have stayed oddly silent as Representative Peter Roskam of Republicans also pushed for and thought Mr. McConnell should get Mr. Trump and Senate Democrats Illinois. “I think he’s a genius at partly succeeded in offsetting a bill rid of the Senate filibuster rule for push a $1 trillion infrastructure plan, lowering expectations and to fight Zika last year. Supreme Court nominees, calling larger than one they rejected from overperforming,” he said, adding, those who would oppose his coming President Barack Obama. Once “It’s really remarkable.” The talk of a spending surge has pick “obstructionists.” fierce promoters of the separation of left some Republicans worried powers, Republicans are now In one significant way, about an exploding deficit. “There About three blocks from where Mr. embracing Mr. Trump’s early congressional Republicans are going to have to be some cuts,” Trump spoke, hundreds of governing by executive order, potentially seemed to pull Mr. said Representative Jason Chaffetz protesters packed a plaza just something they loudly decried Trump to their end of the policy of Utah. “I am not interested in across from City Hall to rally against during Mr. Obama’s second term. pool. On Thursday, the raising our spending levels.” the president. While the administration initially appeared to demonstration was organized Continue reading the main story endorse taxing imports as a way to Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming, around preserving the health care pay for the Mexican border wall, the chairman of the Environment Speaker Paul D. Ryan, whose own law, protesters showed up for a reversing its earlier preference for and Public Works Committee, variety of causes. “I don’t trust website this week still praised the imposing a heavy tax on companies seemed tense when asked about Trans-Pacific Partnership trade anything he says,” said Ken Snyder, that move jobs overseas. But the the open checkbook. “We’re a 62. deal, now applauds Mr. Trump for White House later said it was just fiscally conservative group,” he said putting the final shovel of dirt over one option under consideration. of the committee. “We’re going to the accord, with the president want to see things paid for.” saying he is interested in bilateral “We are in a very good place on tax agreements instead. reform,” Mr. Ryan said. “It can get

Strassel : A GOP Regulatory Game Changer Kimberley A. Strassel Jan. 26, 2017 7:48 p.m. ET Todd Gaziano on Wednesday stepped into a meeting of free-

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 34 market attorneys, think tankers and More By Kimberley Strassel limited to those published in the Imagine this scenario: The Trump Republican congressional staff to Federal Register. The CRA also administration orders its agencies to unveil a big idea. By the time he But what Mr. Gaziano told applies to “guidance” that agencies make a list of any regulations or stepped out, he had reset Republicans on Wednesday was issue. Think the Obama guidance issued without a report. Washington’s regulatory battle lines. that the CRA grants them far administration’s controversial Those agencies coordinate with greater powers, including the guidance on transgender bathrooms Congress about when to finally These days Mr. Gaziano is a senior extraordinary ability to overrule in schools or on Title IX and submit reports and start the clock. fellow in constitutional law at the regulations even back to the start of campus sexual assault. It is highly The GOP puts aside one day a Pacific Legal Foundation. But in the Obama administration. The unlikely agencies submitted reports month to hold CRA votes. Mr. 1996 he was counsel to then- CRA also would allow the GOP to to lawmakers on these actions. Obama’s regulatory legacy is Republican Rep. David McIntosh. dismantle these regulations quickly, systematically dismantled—for He was intimately involved in and to ensure those rules can’t “If they haven’t reported it to good. drafting and passing a bill Mr. come back, even under a future Congress, it can now be McIntosh sponsored: the Democratic president. No kidding. challenged,” says Paul Larkin, a This is aggressive, sure, and would Congressional Review Act. No one senior legal research fellow at the take intestinal fortitude. Some knows the law better. Here’s how it works: It turns out that Heritage Foundation. Mr. Larkin, Republicans briefed on the plan are the first line of the CRA requires any also at Wednesday’s meeting, told already fretting that Democrats will Everyone right now is talking about federal agency promulgating a rule me challenges could be leveled howl. They will. But the law is the the CRA, which gives Congress the to submit a “report” on it to the against any rule or guidance back to law, and failing to use its full power ability, with simple majorities, to House and Senate. The 60-day 1996, when the CRA was passed. would be utterly irresponsible. overrule regulations from the clock starts either when the rule is Democrats certainly would show no executive branch. Republicans are published or when Congress The best part? Once Congress such restraint were the situation eager to use the law, and House receives the report—whichever overrides a rule, agencies cannot reversed. Witness their treatment of Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy this comes later. reissue it in “substantially the same Mr. Trump’s cabinet nominees. week unveiled the first five Obama form” unless specifically authorized rules that his chamber intends to “There was always intended to be by future legislation. The CRA can The entire point of the CRA was to nix. consequences if agencies didn’t keep bad regs and guidance off the help legislators rein in deliver these reports,” Mr. Gaziano books even in future Democratic administrations that ignored statutes The accepted wisdom in tells me. “And while some Obama administrations—a far safer and the will of Congress. Few White Washington is that the CRA can be agencies may have been better at approach than if the Mr. Trump House occupants ever showed used only against new regulations, sending reports, others, through simply rescinded them. more contempt for the law and those finalized in the past 60 incompetence or spite, likely didn’t.” lawmakers than Mr. Obama. legislative days. That gets Bottom line: There are rules for Republicans in both chambers— Republicans if anything should take Republicans back to June, teeing which there are no reports. And if particularly in the Senate—worry pride in using a duly passed statue up 180 rules or so for override. the Trump administration were now that a great use of the CRA could to dispose of his wayward Included are biggies like the Interior to submit those reports—for rules eat up valuable floor time, as regulatory regime. It’d be a fitting Department’s “streams” rule, the implemented long ago—Congress Democrats drag out the review and just end to Mr. Obama’s abuse Labor Department’s overtime-pay would be free to vote the process. But Mr. Gaziano points out of authority—and one of the better rule, and the Environmental regulations down. another hidden gem: The law allows investments of time this Congress Protection Agency’s methane rule. a simple majority to limit debate could ever make. There’s more. It turns out the CRA time. Republicans could easily whip has a expansive definition of what through a regulation an hour. Write to [email protected]. counts as a “rule”—and it isn’t Editorial : Trump’s freeze on immigrants and refugees plays into the hands of Islamic terror recruiters Los Angeles they need to evaluate potential And Trump wants plans drawn for Refugees, whose screeners then Times visitors, and list the countries “safe areas” for Syrians within Syria recommend placements in third around the world that don’t provide or nearby nations, which could help countries. When the U.S. gets a President Trump is expected to it. Countries that don’t correct the the administration at a later point if it referral, it conducts its own security sign orders Friday to temporarily error of their ways within 60 days of wants to institute a longer-term ban screening before offering freeze immigration from seven that report — including the seven on Syrian refugees. But the draft resettlement, a process that Muslim nations and halt refugee affected by the ban — will have order offers no details on how the routinely takes one to two years. resettlements from everywhere — a their citizens barred until they safe zones would be secured, or the classic example of a solution in comply. legal basis for the U.S. establishing What’s more, a study by the New search of problem, and just the kind control of territory in a sovereign (if America Foundation shows that of symbolic act that gives weight to Worse, Trump apparently plans to war-torn) state. 80% of the terrorist attacks in this radical Islamists when they argue suspend U.S. acceptance of all country since 9/11 have been that the U.S. is an enemy of their refugees — people fleeing war or Such efforts to restrict access to the carried out by American citizens faith. oppression for whom returning U.S. by people fleeing war-torn (although some of those home is not an option — for 120 parts of the world would be perpetrators were naturalized Trump’s campaign for days as the government reviews misguided and inhumane. The citizens). president was built on a foundation and revises its screening Migration Policy Institute, a of fear and resentment, and that procedures, and he is expected to nonpartisan think tank, reported in It is not surprising that some dark cloud hangs over these slash the number of refugees the 2015 that in the 14 years after the Americans are worried by the putative attempts to bolster national U.S. would accept through October 9/11 terror attacks, 784,000 hostility directed at them from a security. Based on a draft version of 2017 from 110,000 (set by refugees resettled in the U.S. Yet small, radicalized segment of the the executive order, it seems that President Obama last September) during that time only three resettled Islamic world. But such fears should Trump will impose a 30-day to 50,000. Trump also will prioritize refugees were convicted on terror- not be channeled into a broad, suspension of visas for people from the resettlement of refugees related charges — two of them discriminatory retrenchment that is seven predominately Muslim seeking asylum on grounds of for plotting against an overseas at odds with the best of our countries — Iran, Iraq, Libya, religious persecution, officially target and the third for hatching humanitarian principles — Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen valuing people oppressed because “plans that were barely credible,” especially if that retrenchment — while the government reviews of their religion over those targeted according to the report. The vast would likely do little to protect us. and presumably tightens its visa- for political dissent, sexual majority of refugees allowed into the vetting protocols. He also will The U.S. became a wealthy world orientation or other reasons. U.S. are first vetted by the United power in large part through direct security officials to determine Nations High Commissioner for within 30 days what information immigration. And it’s openness has

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 35 provided a lifeline to the oppressed other country (though at the resettling the tens of millions of only inhumane, they are a betrayal of the world — the U.S. has formally moment it is not bearing its fair migrants currently fleeing war of what the United States stands resettled more refugees than any share of the burden of zones). Trump’s actions are not for.

Editorial : Trump needs to stop sending mixed messages on torture The Times interrogation practices and implies White House Press Secretary Sean Secretary of Defense James Mattis Editorial Board that limits in current law are too Spicer said the proposed executive “who said he’s not a believer in restrictive. Equally ominous, the order was “not a White House torture.” The president added that “I The Times Editorial Board document also floats the idea of re- document.” But The New York want to do everything within the One of the applause lines of Donald establishing overseas detention Times quoted three administration bounds of what you’re allowed to do Trump’s presidential campaign was centers operated by the CIA at officials who said it had circulated legally.” which “high-value alien terrorists” among staff members of the his suggestion that he would bring The problem is that those legal back waterboarding and “a hell of a would be interrogated outside the National Security Council. reach of U.S. law. boundaries could change: The draft lot worse than waterboarding.” Meanwhile, Trump told an executive order is a catalog of Trump later drew back to some Barack Obama ordered the closing interviewer for ABC News this week possible changes, all of them bad, degree from that sickening of such “black sites” shortly after he that he has spoken to intelligence which is why the White House suggestion, but the idea that his took office in 2009. At the same experts who were “big believers” in needs to strongly and administration might subject time Obama ordered CIA waterboarding. Not only that: He clearly disavow the document. interrogators to abide by the said he had asked people at the suspected terrorists to torture keeps Torture is not a subject on which the resurfacing. standards of the Army Field Manual, highest levels of intelligence: “‘Does which prohibited waterboarding and torture work?’ And the answer was, administration can afford to send This week it was reported that a other inhumane interrogation ‘Yes, absolutely.’” mixed signals. draft executive order is circulating methods. Congress later wrote that that contemplates modifications in requirement into federal law. To be fair, Trump said that he would defer — for now anyway — to

Share of U.S. Workers in Unions Falls to Lowest Level on Record Eric Morath and biggest priority, getting a law teachers—held relatively constant, were hosted in the Oval Office on Kris Maher passed to make it easier to organize at about one in three. Monday. workers, was sidelined within Jan. 26, 2017 1:17 p.m. ET months of his presidency as other As a result, public-sector workers The number of union members issues took precedence. last year accounted for nearly half employed in manufacturing fell The share of American workers in of all union members, but only more than 50% from 2000 through unions fell to the lowest level on Lee Saunders, president of the about 15% of the workforce. last year. The number of unionized record in 2016, showing a return to American Federation of State, construction workers increased in the downward trend for organized County and Municipal Employees, Mr. Trump’s policy moves could 2016—one of the few categories labor after membership figures had said last year’s drop in union upend both those long-running showing growth—but is still well stabilized in recent years. membership was evidence of trends, if he helps unionized private down since 2000. employers create more jobs. The total number of union members continuing attacks by Republican politicians and corporations. “For thousands of hardworking men fell for both private- and public- Companies can also ramp up work and women who have been shut out sector workers last year, the first He said that his own union, which at nonunion sites, and Mr. Trump of our economy for too long, it is overall decline in four years, the represents public employees, was hasn’t said his aim is to help unions beginning to feel like a new day,” Labor Department said Thursday. able to add 12,000 members over grow. But labor leaders are hoping said Terry O’Sullivan, general New policies from the Trump the past year, thanks to its they can benefit from policies that president of the Laborers’ administration threaten to put more organizing efforts, “even in the face help their industries. International Union of North downward pressure on organized of an antilabor onslaught.” America, who attended the meeting labor’s last stronghold, government Maintaining and expanding manufacturing jobs are among Mr. with the president. The pipeline employees, but might help stem The latest data reflect labor unions’ projects “embodies the president’s membership losses among inability to make gains despite Trump’s top priorities. Since his election in November, United commitment to creating good manufacturing and construction favorable treatment from a middle-class jobs.” workers. Democratic-controlled National Technologies Corp.’s Carrier Labor Relations Board, said the division, Ford Motor Co. and Mr. Trump also formally withdrew Only 10.7% of workers were union U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which General Motors Co. all announced this week from a 12-nation Pacific members last year, down from represents millions of businesses. plans to retain or add jobs in the trade agreement. 11.1% in 2015, and from more than U.S. Mr. Trump had taken each firm 20% in the early 1980s. It is unclear “Big labor’s membership rolls to task on Twitter for plans to Unions praising that move included whether any of Republican continue to sag for the simple expand outside the U.S. the International Brotherhood of President Donald Trump’s policies reason that workers remain Teamsters and the United could reverse this decadeslong uninterested in the product that the While those companies are largely Steelworkers. “We want to work slide in private-sector union unions are selling,” said Randy organized, manufacturing unions with President Trump and his membership, especially when Johnson, senior vice president are challenged by strong growth in administration to do much more,” unions were unable to gain traction overseeing labor issues at the nonunion shops. Manufacturers said Leo Gerard, president of the with a union-friendly Democrat in chamber. added 236,000 jobs last year, but steelworkers union, which also the White House. the number of unionized workers in represents workers in the paper, Broadly, the share of private-sector the sector fell by 74,000, according glass and rubber industries. The share of union members in the workers who are union members fell to the data released Thursday. workforce stabilized between 2012 over the past three decades largely Mr. Gerard, a strong critic of Mr. and 2015 after suffering losses because blue-collar manufacturing This week, Mr. Trump helped clear Trump’s during last year’s during President Barack Obama’s jobs have been replaced by service- the way for two pipeline projects to campaign, said withdrawing from first years in office. At the same sector positions that are less likely proceed and repeated pledges to the Trans-Pacific Partnership and time, the total number of union to come with a union card. back infrastructure investments that renegotiating Nafta should just be a workers increased along with Meanwhile, the share of could create construction jobs. Both start. “Dumping, subsidies, evasion, growing employment. Still, while government employees who are moves were applauded by building and so many other unfair trade unions went into the Obama union members—including police and trades unions, some of whom practices are sapping America’s administration with optimism, their officers and public-school industrial strength and undermining

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 36 the lives and livelihoods of membership in an area that had A potentially bigger threat to public- union. The change could reduce countless workers,” he said. stabilized in recent years. sector unions is Mr. Trump’s plan to union membership among appoint a conservative justice to the government workers by 10% to Representatives from much of the The hiring freeze “is not a good way Supreme Court. Last year, the court 25%, he said. labor movement—including the to manage the federal workforce,” split 4-4 on a decision involving AFL-CIO, the Teamsters, said J. David Cox, president of the California teachers that could have In recent years, “the public sector Steelworkers and unions American Federation of overturned precedent allowing has been the only engine of growth representing service-sector Government Employees, a union public-employee unions to collect for unions,” said Gary Chaison, workers, teachers and government representing about 300,000 federal mandatory dues from represented professor of industrial relations at employees—didn’t attend Monday’s workers. He said past attempts to workers, if authorized by state law. Clark University. “Labor should be meeting with Mr. Trump. shrink the federal workforce have very worried about anything that resulted in increased use of Such a ruling would “make the changes the financial incentive for Also among the president’s actions contractors, who are less likely to entire public sector right-to-work,” those workers to organize.” this week was a move to freeze be unionized. said Lawrence Mishel, president of federal hiring for 90 days and direct the Economic Policy Institute, a left- Write to Eric Morath at the creation of a plan to scale back Mr. Trump said contractors couldn’t leaning think tank. In right-to-work [email protected] and Kris the size of the government, outside be used to circumvent his directive. states, workers don’t have to pay Maher at [email protected] the military. That could erode union dues or a fee if they decline to join a Trump called the government’s job numbers ‘phony.’ What happens now that he’s in charge of them? https://www.face and academics, look to the data to difficult for Trump’s administration to A different way of looking at the book.com/anaclaireswanson plan and evaluate their actions. tamper with economic data directly. data During the campaign, Donald Following President Trump's At the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an While some might worry about the Trump called the official statements in recent days about the independent agency within the sanctity of government statistics unemployment rate published by size of his inaugural Labor Department that computes under Trump, economists also the Labor Department “such a crowd and voter fraud in the 2016 important figures like the national agree that Trump and his advisers phony number,” “one of the biggest elections, his administration has unemployment rate, hundreds of have a point in saying that the hoaxes in American modern faced questions about its career economists and traditional unemployment rate isn't politics” and “the biggest joke there commitment to transparently mathematicians are involved in always the best measure of the is.” He variously described the real releasing accurate data. On calculating any one number, and economy. rate as 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, Tuesday, government employees the data they draw on to reach 28, 29, 30 and 35 percent. In expressed misgivings as Trump those calculations is publicly The traditional unemployment rate August, he told Time magazine that administration available, said Victoria Battista, an — known by government the “real unemployment rate is 42 officials ordered multiple federal economist at the BLS. statisticians as the U-3 rate, now at percent.” agencies to halt their 4.7 percent, counts only those who communication with the public or “It’s not just one number that a are unemployed and actively The criticism didn't stop after the the press, including news releases, manager can change in a looking for work. But it doesn't election: As recently as December, social media messages and spreadsheet after closing time,” include people who have given up Trump called the rate “totally correspondence. said Salim Furth, a research fellow looking for work, so-called fiction.” at the Heritage Foundation. discouraged workers, or those who During a confirmation hearing for are working part-time but would like These statements are generating Rep. Mick Mulvaney (R-S.C.), Trump will be in charge of making to be full-time. The U-6 rate, which concern among some economists Trump’s pick for budget director, just one political appointment at the does incorporate those workers, as Trump, a professed outsider and Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.) BLS — the commissioner. And was 9.2 percent in December. enemy of entrenched Washington pressed him for assurances that the many of the statistics that BLS bureaucrats, takes charge of the data released from the Office of gathers are mandated by law. Michael Strain, the director of agencies responsible for publishing economic policy studies at the Management and Budget would be Heidi Shierholz, the former chief the numbers he has criticized. It has trustworthy. American Enterprise Institute, said left some economists questioning Labor Department economist under focusing on the broader U-6 rate whether the Trump administration “I have been astounded over the President Barack Obama, said she rather than the more traditional U-3 could undermine the credibility of last three days over what has isn’t worried about the threat of rate is “completely defensible.” government-issued economic data occurred,” McCaskill said. “If the tampering, because of extensive However, that's different than some in the future, either in its words or president asks you to not issue real safeguards. Still, she said there of Trump's other claims about actions. data or asks you to alter data could be other risks to the integrity economic data, he said. according to his narrative, what of economic statistics. “Will they continue to say that facts would your reaction be?” “It is flatly untrue to say the Obama don’t matter, will they denigrate the “The thing that is a much deeper administration has been lying about statistical agencies of the country?” Mulvaney vowed to bring a “fact- concern in my mind is how those the unemployment rate, and the real said Bill Spriggs, the chief based approach” to the Office of agencies are respected, and the unemployment rate is 42 percent. It economist to the AFL-CIO. “If we Management and Budget. “The undermining of the public’s faith in was inappropriate to say that,” can’t agree on the facts, then we’re credibility that I think I bring to this the quality of the data is a real Strain said. not going to be able to discuss the job is that I believe very firmly in threat,” said Shierholz, now a specifics of his policies, and I’m real numbers,” he said. “My job is to director of policy at the left-leaning The White House did not offer very nervous … to see how they tell the president the truth.” Economic Policy Institute. “When comment for this story, but pointed act.” your president is saying, 'Oh the to remarks press secretary Sean He added: “I don’t imagine the unemployment rate is not what they Spicer made earlier this week when Investors around the world move president of the United States will say it is,' people don’t know what to asked what the national markets based on data collected tell me to lie.” believe. And that’s a real problem.” unemployment rate was. Spicer did and published by the Department of not answer the question directly, Labor, the Department of Beyond fiddling with the The other threat, according to saying that the government puts out Commerce and other agencies. numbers Shierholz, would be a cut in the an array of unemployment figures bureau's funding. “There’s not room Business leaders use the statistics Economists and current and former “so that economists can view them to determine their strategies, while to cut anymore. It would severely and decide, look at different employees of the statistical damage our data resources,” she officials at all levels of the agencies agree that it would be landscapes on … how to make government, as well as the press said. economic policy.”

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 37

“Too often in Washington, we get families and the businesses that are talked about shifting power outside been about, what number are we our heads wrapped around a behind those numbers,” Spicer said. of Washington D.C. back to the looking at as opposed to what face number and a statistic. And we look American people because for too are we looking at?” at and we forget the faces and the “I think [Trump] addressed that in long it's been about stats … and it's his inaugural speech when he

Trump's regulation freeze makes losers out of some U.S. businesses By Lorraine have been building on for decades. Houston-based Westlake Chemical exchanges — including the New Woellert FedEx Corp., John Deere and Partners notified shareholders that York Stock Exchange — and Hollywood were among the big the president had suspended a tax clearinghouses for derivatives, President Donald Trump’s quick losers when Trump torpedoed TPP rule favorable to the business. which were boosted by Dodd- suspension of new federal this week. Target, Wal-Mart and Other companies might get tax relief Frank’s requirement that more regulations has triggered some other big retailers that depend on — a plan to raise estate taxes on derivatives be cleared through unintended consequences: sudden imports are struggling to decipher certain businesses was suspended, them. pain and deeper uncertainty for a the president’s statements on a too. broad array of U.S. businesses. border tax, which could force them In West Virginia, Hedrick, a Trump “It can be exhilarating for certain supporter, was put in limbo by the Oil and gas companies, ethanol to raise prices they charge to customers. businesses who can see the president’s memorandum on rules, producers, real estate agents and prospect of drastically reduced which blocked a regulation born of small farmers are among those that “Disruption has come to burdens. But it’s also unsettling,” an eight-year fight between small could be hurt by the regulatory Washington in a big, big way, in a said Philip Wallach, a senior fellow farmers and big processors like freeze. Some are lobbying to way we’ve never seen before,” said at the Brookings Institution. “Trump Pilgrim’s Pride and Tyson Foods. preserve regulations that Trump put Matthew Shay, president of the is Mr. Wild Card.” on hold. National Retail Federation. In a The farmers won and the Some financial firms are also in the Department of Agriculture updated Story Continued Below speech to NRF members last week, Shay called the border tax line of fire. a Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration “I want him and whoever’s in his “potentially disastrous.” The Labor Department's so-called Cabinet to look at what the rules are regulation, the GIPSA rule, making The National Association of fiduciary rule, which would require it easier for small farmers to sue the saying,” said Eric Hedrick, a West brokers to act in their clients’ best Virginia chicken farmer trying to Realtors, whose 1.2 million big poultry processors they partner members lean Republican, was the interest when offering retirement with. save an Obama-era rule. “Don’t just investing advice, may also be in say that it’s another regulation. Look first group to feel the pain of Trump’s regulatory freeze. Just jeopardy. Regulations, Hedrick said, aren’t at what it says. Look at what the always bad for business. rule will do for farmers and ranchers hours after being sworn in as While many insurers, mutual funds across the country.” president, even before issuing his and brokerage firms have fiercely “He said he was going to help fight broad executive order on regulation, resisted the rule, which will limit for the little guy, that these big The sweeping executive order, Trump rolled back an Obama plan their sales practices, some corporations and stuff were just signed hours after the president’s to lower costs for some businesses want it to stay in place. running rampant,” Hedrick said of inauguration, was intended to help homebuyers. Many firms already have spent Trump. “It’s not a Republican thing, American businesses by halting The $831 billion mortgage money to offer the passive, low-cost it’s not a Democratic thing. It’s a rules developed in the waning days retirement savings products that the right and wrong thing.” of the Obama administration. Trump insurance industry rejoiced. But real estate agents hold out hope that the rule encouraged and that customers later vowed to cut regulations by 75 are increasingly demanding. The Trump administration blocked percent. reversal at the Federal Housing the GIPSA rule this week along with Administration is temporary. They The rule "has some very great hundreds of others. Now the While many businesses are are making their case to the public components to it,” said BlackRock chicken, pork and beef industries cheering Trump’s sprint to and to Trump. Chief Executive Officer Larry Fink are fighting to kill it outright. deregulate, the reaction from some said on a Jan. 13 earnings call. corners of the business landscape “We believe that the benefits of the “We’d be happy to see this go away underscores how complicated the mortgage insurance premium cut Other financial companies are permanently,” said Tom Super, vice issue is. For every government will shine through during this review eagerly awaiting the repeal of key president of communications for the regulation, there are winners as well period so it can be quickly put back parts of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act, a National Chicken Council. “This as losers. into place,” NAR President William far-reaching financial industry midnight regulation was really a gift Brown said. overhaul Trump has vowed to to the trial lawyers on the way out Trump’s moves have also created dismantle. the door.” uncertainty, the one thing corporate A renewable-fuel market indicator executives curse even more than had its biggest one-day drop in But some businesses have Tony Romm and Patrick Temple- government interference. more than six weeks after the EPA benefited from the law, including West contributed to this report. said it would delay standards for Intercontinental Exchange Inc. The The administration’s first week has adding biofuels to the U.S. gasoline Atlanta-based company operates shaken foundations companies supply.

Speechwriter Hurwitz : Fact-checking is Job 1 for any White House Sarah Hurwitz themselves. We tell breathless tales administrations, was also the least source insufficiently reputable, we Published 3:18 of meeting with the president or first glamorous: fact-checking. cut the statistic from the speech. a.m. ET Jan. 26, 2017 | Updated 24 lady to hear what they want to say hours ago in their speeches; working late into Every speech my colleagues and I If language in a speech seemed to the night to come up with the wrote for the president or first lady contradict something the president Michelle Obama speaks at the perfect turn of phrase to capture was subjected to a painstaking or first lady had said elsewhere, Democratic National Convention, their voices; traveling the country review by the White House they would point out the Philadelphia, July 25, 2016.(Photo: and the world and seeing audiences Research Department. And those discrepancy so we could reconcile Nick Oza, Arizona Republic) inspired by their words. folks were merciless. it. The role of a White House But the truth is that one of the most If a speech contained a statistic If they saw an acknowledgment speechwriter is often glamorized — important and time-consuming parts they couldn’t independently verify, from the president or first lady at the often by none other than former of our jobs in the Obama White they would ask us to produce the top of a speech, such as “Thanks so White House speechwriters House, as in all recent source — and if they deemed that much to my good friend, Mayor so-

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 38 and-so, for joining us here pages, picking apart the words injuries but defied all odds to walk The thought of the president or first today, she’s been a real leader on X you’ve poured your heart into again — and we would stay in touch lady inadvertently saying something issue,” they would ask us to confirm crafting. long after the speech was delivered. untrue to any of these people that the mayor was indeed coming because we hadn’t thoroughly to the event and was truly a good While our fact-checkers We would read letters the president checked it — that was unbearable friend as opposed to just an occasionally drove us crazy, we and first lady received: From the to us, and it would have been acquaintance. They might also were incredibly grateful for their man who had gotten a job as a unacceptable to them. email a bunch of articles they found work. It is an awesome — and dishwasher and was proud that he in local newspapers criticizing that terrifying — responsibility to write could now afford to donate a few In the Obama White House, our mayor's work on X issue and advise speeches for the leader of the free cans each week to the church food ultimate bosses were the people we us to tone down the praise. world and his or her spouse. Their pantry his family had relied on when served — the people who paid our words can affect markets and cause he was unemployed. From the salaries and entrusted us with their The words “always” and “never” international incidents. And through woman who heard the first lady’s aspirations, their worries and their were just asking for it. their speeches, the president and speech decrying Donald Trump’s high expectations. We felt that we Researchers had an uncanny ability first lady speak directly to the boasts about sexual assault and always owed them the truth. We to find the one obscure exception to American people about their most decided she would no longer feel should all insist on nothing less from any blanket statement we wished to pressing and personal concerns. ashamed about what had happened the current occupant of the Oval make. to her. Office and his staff. This was not an abstract, It was exhausting. When it’s 11 p.m. intellectual exercise for us. We Some of the letters were supportive, Sarah Hurwitz was first lady the night before a big speech, and would often get to know people some were highly critical. Often, Michelle Obama’s chief you’ve been working around the affected by the issues we were they would start with something like, speechwriter from 2010 to clock for days, the last thing you writing about — the parents who “I’m sure no one will ever read this, 2017. She will be a spring semester want in your inbox is an email from lost their son on 9/11 when he went but just in case someone does …” fellow at the Institute of Politics at a fact-checker that starts, “Thanks up and down the stairs of a burning That hesitation followed by Harvard University. for sending the latest draft, we have building to lead others to safety, the vulnerability and hope got us every some flags …” and then goes on for soldier who suffered life-threatening time.

Newt Gingrich: Margaret Thatcher is the real model for the Trump presidency By Newt Gingrich Reagan was focused on breaking bizarre. Think about the optics of Office is a clear signal of that same the power of the Soviet Union, not last weekend’s anti-Trump resolve. Newt Gingrich, a Republican from breaking the power of political marchers, with their vulgarity and Georgia, was speaker of the House correctness and the elite media that dreams of blowing up the White Like Thatcher, Trump is similarly from 1995 to 1999. He served as has increasingly dominated the House. This sort of rhetoric repels focused on destroying the moral vice chair of the Trump transition United States. They were frightened most Americans. legitimacy of the left and breaking team. of Reagan, but they weren’t the power of the lobbyist and enraged by him. Claire Berlinski, in her brilliant book bureaucratic establishment in As British Prime Minister Theresa “There Is No Alternative: Why Washington. His actions thus far in May becomes the first foreign Trump is a direct, mortal threat to Margaret Thatcher Matters,” argues office, including steps to restore the leader to visit President Trump, it is both the power structure and the that Thatcher had two great historic rule of law in immigration and move a good time to consider that ideology of the left. The left knows it goals. First, Thatcher was dedicated forward with vital energy Margaret Thatcher, much more than and is responding just as the British to destroying the moral legitimacy of infrastructure projects, have been Ronald Reagan, is the real model left wing responded to Thatcher. socialism. Second, she was consistent with these goals. for the Trump presidency. determined to break Arthur Scargill The young liberal fascists breaking It is no accident that May will be the Trump’s inaugural address last and the coal miners union, which windows and intimidating Trump was the most powerful structure first foreign leader to meet with Friday had the directness and supporters on Inauguration Day Trump. The president instinctively confrontational tone of a Thatcher threatening the Parliament’s right to displayed the kind of hostility that govern. wants a much closer alliance with speech. The president was clear Thatcher evoked on the left. Britain. Where President Barack that he stood for dramatic, bold Thatcher believed socialism was Obama warned that voting for Brexit change and that he regarded his The congressional Democrats’ destroying the spirit of individual would put Britain at the back of the election as a victory of the American decision to adopt pure negativity responsibility, hard work and line, Trump believes the vote for people. and opposition tactics is much more entrepreneurship, which she felt Brexit puts Britain at the front of the like the Labour Party’s reaction to Trump’s speech was not designed was at the heart of Britain’s line. Britain may have had more Thatcher than then-House Speaker success. Her campaign against the riding on the outcome of the U.S. to reconcile with the Washington Tip O’Neill’s much more nuanced power structure. In fact, it was a values and principles of socialism election than any other foreign approach to Reagan. One-third of was a moral campaign. country. declaration of loyalty to the the House Democrats voted for the American people against that very Reagan economic program in the Furthermore, she believed Scargill Those who fear Trump’s power structure. summer of 1981. It is hard to was challenging the legitimacy of a protectionism might note that one of Read These Comments imagine that happening in the popularly elected government to set his first goals is to begin working on House today. the rules. a bilateral agreement with Britain The best conversations on The (which may become a trilateral Washington Post The left in Britain became so In Thatcher’s analysis, if socialism agreement if the Canadians are unhinged with its bitter hostility that prevailed and the coal miners union invited in). This is a much more Please provide a valid email it kept drifting further and further out could dictate its own terms, then sophisticated president than his address. of the mainstream. The term “loony Britain as a country would be critics believe. left” became a common description transformed into a very different Furthermore, the address of the Labour Party in the 1987 place. Thus, she saw her fight as This week’s visit may revitalize the represented a direct threat to the election. Churchillian in the depth and special relationship that the United value system of the left. In this intensity of the fight and the scale of States and Britain have had ever head-on challenge to power and Today, the hysteria of the American the stakes. since 1941. Prime Minister Thatcher ideology, Trump resembles left as the Elizabeth Warren-George would have approved. Thatcher far more than Reagan. Soros wing talks only to its own Trump’s decision to put a bust of partisans is becoming increasingly Winston Churchill back in the Oval

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 39

Brooks : The Politics of Cowardice President Trump The mood of the party is so different We have a word for people who are In the summer of 2015, according to outside the White today. Donald Trump expressed the dominated by fear. We call them a Pew Research Center poll, House on Thursday. Credit Stephen party’s new mood to David Muir of cowards. Trump was not a coward Republicans said free trade deals Crowley/The New York Times ABC, when asked about his in the business or campaign worlds. had been good for the country by 51 decision to suspend immigration He could take on enormous debt to 39 percent. By the summer of This is a column directed at high from some Muslim countries: “The and had the audacity to appear at 2016, Republicans said those deals school and college students. I’m world is a mess. The world is as televised national debates with no had been bad for America by 61 going to try to convey to you how angry as it gets. What, you think this clue what he was talking about. But percent to 32 percent. astoundingly different the is going to cause a little more as president his is a policy of Republican Party felt when I was anger? The world is an angry cowardice. On every front, he wants It’s not that the deals had changed, your age. place.” to shrink the country into a shell. or reality. It was that Donald Trump became the Republican nominee The big guy then was Ronald Consider the tenor of Trump’s first J.R.R. Tolkien once wrote, “A man and his dark fearfulness became Reagan. Temperamentally, though week in office. It’s all about threat that flies from his fear may find that the party’s dark fearfulness. In this not politically, Reagan was heir to perception. He has made moves to he has only taken a shortcut to case fear is not a reaction to the the two Roosevelts. He inherited a build a wall against the Mexican meet it.” world. It is a way of seeing the love of audacity from T.R. and threat, to build barriers against the world. It propels your reactions to optimism and charm from F.D.R. Muslim threat, to end a trade deal Desperate to be liked, Trump the world. adopts a combative attitude that He had a sunny faith in America’s with Asia to fight the foreign economic threat, to build black site makes him unlikable. Terrified of As Reagan came to office he faced destiny and in America’s ability to Mexican criminals, he wants to build refugee crises, with suffering bend global history toward freedom. torture chambers against the terrorist threat. a wall that will actually lock in more families coming in from Cuba, He had a sunny faith in the free undocumented aliens than it will Vietnam and Cambodia. Filled with market to deliver prosperity to all. Trump is on his political keep out. Terrified of Muslim optimism and confidence, Reagan He had a sunny faith in the power of honeymoon, which should be a terrorists, he embraces the torture vowed, “We shall seek new ways to technology to deliver bounty and moment of joy and promise. But he policies guaranteed to mobilize integrate refugees into our society,” even protect us from nuclear seems to suffer from an angry form terrorists. Terrified that American and he delivered on that promise. missiles. of anhedonia, the inability to business can’t compete with Asian experience happiness. Instead of business, he closes off a trade deal Trump faces a refugee crisis from He could be very hard on big Syria. And though no Syrian- government or the Soviet Union, but savoring the moment, he’s spent that would have boosted annual real the week in a series of nasty incomes in the United States by American has ever committed an he generally saw the world as a act of terrorism on American soil, welcoming place; he looked for the squabbles about his ratings and $131 billion, or 0.5 percent of crowd sizes. G.D.P. Terrified of Mexican Trump’s response is fear. Shut good news in others and saw the them out. arc of history bending toward competition, he considers slapping If Reagan’s dominant emotional a 20 percent tariff on Mexican progress. note was optimism, Trump’s is fear. Students, the party didn’t used to be goods, even though U.S. exports to this way. A mean wind is blowing. Continue reading the main story If Reagan’s optimism was Mexico have increased 97 percent expansive, Trump’s fear propels since 2005. Follow The New York Times When he erred it was often on the him to close in: Pull in from Asian Opinion section on Facebook and utopian side of things, believing that entanglements through rejection of Trump has changed the way the Twitter (@NYTopinion), and sign up tax cuts could pay for themselves, the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Pull Republican Party sees the world. for the Opinion Today newsletter. believing that he and Mikhail in from European entanglements by Republicans used to have a basic Gorbachev could shed history and disparaging NATO. It’s not a faith in the dynamism and openness eliminate all nuclear weapons. cowering, timid fear; it’s more a of the free market. Now the party dark, resentful porcupine fear. fears openness and competition.

Krugman : Making the Rust Belt Rustier Paul Krugman On the other hand, he appears Unfortunately, as just about any Ronald. In fact, that whole cycle had serious about his eagerness to economist could tell him — but almost nothing to do with Reagan Ambridge, Pa., a reverse America’s 80-year-long probably not within his three-minute policies. former steel town west of commitment to expanding world attention span — it doesn’t work Pittsburgh, was once a Democratic trade. On Thursday the White that way. Even if tariffs lead to a What Reagan did do, however, was stronghold but supported Donald House said it was considering a 20 partial reversal of the long decline in blow up the budget deficit with Trump in November. Hilary Swift for percent tariff on all imports from manufacturing employment, they military spending and tax cuts. This The New York Times Mexico; doing so wouldn’t just pull won’t add jobs on net, just shift drove up interest rates, which drew in foreign capital. The inflow of Donald Trump will break most of his the U.S. out of NAFTA, it would employment around. And they violate all our trading agreements. probably won’t even do that: Taken capital, in turn, led to a stronger campaign promises. Which dollar, which made U.S. promises will he keep? together, the new regime’s policies Why does he want this? Because will probably lead to a faster, not manufacturing uncompetitive. The The answer, I suspect, has more to he sees international trade the way slower, decline in American trade deficit soared — and the long- do with psychology than it does with he sees everything else: as a manufacturing. term decline in the share of strategy. Mr. Trump is much more struggle for dominance, in which manufacturing in overall enthusiastic about punishing people you only win at somebody else’s How do we know this? We can look employment accelerated sharply. expense. at the underlying economic logic, than he is about helping them. He Notably, it was under Reagan that may have promised not to cut and we can also look at what His Inaugural Address made that happened during the Reagan years, talk of “deindustrialization” and the Social Security and Medicare, or perfectly clear: “For many decades use of the term “Rust Belt” first take health insurance away from the which in some ways represent a we’ve enriched foreign industry at dress rehearsal for what’s coming. became widespread. tens of millions who gained the expense of American industry.” coverage under Obamacare, but in And he sees punitive tariffs as a Now, I’m talking about the reality of It’s also worth pointing out that the practice he seems perfectly willing way to stop foreigners from selling Reagan, not the Republicans’ Reagan-era manufacturing decline to satisfy his party by destroying the us stuff, and thereby revive the legend, which assigns all blame for took place despite a significant safety net. “rusted-out factories scattered like the early-1980s recession to Jimmy amount of protectionism, especially tombstones across the landscape.” Carter and all credit for the a quota on Japanese car exports to subsequent recovery to the sainted America that ended up costing

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 40 consumers more than $30 billion in Reagan playbook for shrinking America,” or for that matter “made Economists talk about the “China today’s prices. manufacturing. in China”: Manufacturing is a global shock,” the disruption of some enterprise, in which cars, planes communities by surging Chinese Will we repeat this story? The It’s true that Mr. Trump appears and so on are assembled from exports in the 2000s. Well, the Trump regime will clearly blow up ready to practice a much more components produced in multiple coming Trump shock will be at least the deficit, mainly through tax cuts extreme form of protectionism than countries. as disruptive. for the rich. (Funny, isn’t it, how all Reagan, who avoided outright the deficit scolds have gone quiet?) violations of existing trade deals. What will happen to this enterprise if And the biggest losers, as with True, this may not boost spending This could help some manufacturing the United States takes a meat ax health care, will be white working- very much, since the rich will save industries. But it will also drive the to the agreements that govern class voters who were foolish much of their windfall while the poor dollar higher, hurting others. international trade? There will, enough to believe that Donald and the middle class will face harsh inevitably, be huge dislocation: Trump was on their side. benefits cuts. Still, interest rates And there’s a further factor to Some U.S. factories and have already risen in anticipation of consider: The world economy has communities will benefit, but others the borrowing surge, and so has the gotten a lot more complex over the will be hurt, bigly, by the loss of dollar. So we do seem to be past three decades. These days, markets, crucial components or following the hardly anything is simply “made in both.

Robinson : We ignore Trump at our peril https://www.face I said four; two of them involved Why is any of this important? Mike Pompeo, neither of whom has book.com/eugen individuals who said they were Because Trump, relying on a shown the slightest enthusiasm for erobinson.columnist Trump supporters. House Speaker misinterpreted study and a garbled getting the United States back into Paul D. Ryan (R-Wis.) is among the anecdote, has called for a “major the torture business. Where to begin? That’s the daily many officials who have investigation” of all this nonexistent question for anyone trying to follow acknowledged there is zero voter fraud. He now has the vast So can we relax? Not really, the words and deeds of the new evidence of the kind of fraud Trump resources of the Justice Department because Trump won’t admit he was administration, which is like drinking alleges. It simply did not happen. at his disposal, which means that if wrong. He said in the interview with from two fire hoses — one gushing he wants a big investigation, he can Muir that “we have to fight fire with policy, the other spewing insanity. When pressed on the subject, have one. Press secretary Sean fire” in the battle against the Islamic Trump cites a 2012 report by the State and that torture “absolutely” Neither stream can be ignored. I Spicer said Wednesday that the Pew Center on the States that focus would be on “urban” areas, works. Since Trump is the wish I could agree with those who found problems with inaccurate commander in chief, words such as say we should pay little attention to and he mentioned California and voter registration rolls — but no New York — both of which voted these create political problems at President Trump’s verbal eruptions indication of fraud, according to the home for friends such as British and focus only on concrete actions, heavily for Clinton — as states that study’s author. When David Muir of may be looked at carefully. Prime Minister Theresa May, who is but I can’t. It matters that the most ABC News pointed this out to scheduled to meet with Trump on powerful man in the world insists on Trump in an interview on What we have, then, is an instance Friday. How can allies fully share “facts” that are nothing but self- Wednesday, the president claimed in which Trump’s fixation on his own intelligence with the United States if aggrandizing fantasy. It matters that the author of the Pew study was popularity, or lack thereof, dovetails they believe captured suspects may the president of the United States now “groveling,” whatever that with the Republican Party’s long- be tortured? seems incapable of publicly means. I have read the study, and standing political interest in admitting any error. It matters that indeed it presents no evidence of minimizing the electoral weight of My point is that Trump’s off-the-wall Trump’s need for adulation appears voter fraud. Democratic “urban” strongholds — statements and Twitter rants cannot to be insatiable. meaning cities with large be dismissed as mere attempts to At a meeting with congressional distract. We have a president who is The president’s most acute populations of minorities and leaders on Monday, Trump cited a liberals. We should prepare for a obsessed with his public standing, obsession is with the false notion different piece of purported proof, given to outlandish statements, that he lost the popular vote to GOP attempt to channel Trump’s according to the New York Times: delusion into the rational, but eager to believe in conspiracy Hillary Clinton only because of He told a story about how theories and unwilling to admit widespread election fraud nefarious, purpose of voter professional golfer Bernhard Langer suppression. when he is wrong. To our peril, his committed by “millions” of people. tried to vote in Florida on Election character and moods will shape his Read These Comments Day but was not allowed to do so, Another example is Trump’s policies. while suspicious-looking voters insistence on the value of torture in The best conversations on The ahead of and behind him, possibly the fight against terrorism. Trump Read more from Eugene Washington Post Latin American immigrants, were pledged during the campaign to Robinson’s archive, follow him on permitted to cast provisional ballots. bring back waterboarding and Twitter or subscribe to his updates Please provide a valid email “much worse.” Doing so would on Facebook. You can also join him address. At the risk of repeating myself, this violate U.S. and international law. Tuesdays at 1 p.m. for a live Q&A. simply did not happen. Langer Trump has said he will leave the There were, in fact, four indeed lives in Florida but is a documented cases of voter fraud in decision up to Defense Secretary German citizen. He has never voted James N. Mattis and CIA Director the election. Yes, in this country. Gerson : Why a tweeting president is so bad for our politics By Michael James Callender to write a hit job John F. Kennedy’s political appeal But no president has really Gerson on Alexander Hamilton. Warren was unimaginable without televised possessed the technical means to Harding pioneered the political use images of his youth, vigor and routinely avoid edited, moderated All political leaders, presidents in of radio, which was perfected by physical grace. Ronald Reagan mass communication until now. particular, dream of using Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose talked to the camera like an old, President Trump holds his office, in technology to avoid the media filter ambitions were aided by having a single-eyed friend. part, because of his talent for and speak directly to the American good radio voice. Not everyone was Twitter. He has shown a remarkable people. a fan of the medium. When a radio Politics newsletter ability to dominate the news cycle Thomas Jefferson — both eloquent microphone was put in front of The big stories and commentary and redirect the national founder and appalling political hack diplomat Elihu Root, he is said to shaping the day. conversation in increments of 140 — weaponized the pamphlet, have responded: “Take that away. I characters. For Trump, this medium commissioning scandalmonger can talk to a Democrat, but I cannot Please provide a valid email is a living, snarling and hungry speak into a dead thing.” address. thing.

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Make no mistake: This is not only bits of wisdom and comfort like United States itself — that deserve owner of the Chicago Cubs, the change, it is regression. I make this virtual communion wafers. Katy to be forgotten. His recent speech head of the United Steelworkers or judgment both as a fogey and a Perry (with more followers than the at the CIA was strangely a Gold Star family by name. A former speechwriter. A presidential population of Germany) says, well, inappropriate and offensive. So he president with 22 million followers, speech may be two thousand or whatever it is that Katy Perry says. often returns to the comfort zone of including the shock troops of three thousand words, every one of Twitter. He claims Hillary Clinton Internet bullying, can destroy an them run through the staffing But in politics, Twitter has dramatic lost in a “landslide,” or goes after a individual’s life as surely as can process (in which senior White limits and can become a disturbing specific news organization, or targeting by the FBI or the IRS. House officials can comment), fact- substitute for disciplined thought. makes entirely unsubstantiated checked and approved by the claims of voter fraud. At moments of frustration, Trump One hundred and forty characters will be sorely tempted to attack president before delivery. A good are suitable to expressing an presidential speech is the result of Some feel that journalism would be specific people on Twitter. But a impulse, but not an argument. It is better served by ignoring such shiny government official should not be both thought and craft. A great the rhetorical equivalent of a groan, presidential speech reflects literary, objects. But the shallowness of allowed to take the reputation or a shriek, a sneer or a burp. If Trump’s preferred form of peace of any citizen without due historical and moral inspiration and reason and persuasion are what our can speak far beyond its moment. communication indicates deeper process. It is the president’s job to politics lacks and needs, Twitter is things. His mind seems perfectly enforce laws without distinction, not I understand the usefulness of not the answer. suited to a medium that rewards to choose specific men and women social media in aggregating flows of Trump’s mastery and extensive use impulsiveness, that ignores fact- for harm. This would be the practice information that people trust, enjoy of Twitter are revealing in a way he checking and that encourages of personal rule, and a scary detour and need. It allows people to does not intend. This is the only incivility. Those are not generally toward Putinism. essentially be their own editors (the the traits we hope for in a new area in which Trump can be Read more from Michael Gerson’s value of which is determined by the considered a great communicator. president. news literacy of the user). And archive, follow him on Twitter or His stump speech was a And Trump’s use of Twitter raises subscribe to his updates on some people have a remarkable disorganized, repetitive, unfocused knack for communicating in vivid the prospect of a serious abuse of Facebook . mess. His inaugural address was power. A private citizen with 22 fragments. Pope Francis (with 10 memorable only in ways — such as million Twitter followers) distributes million followers (as Trump has) can its dark, shrunken view of the be a vindictive jerk, attacking the Rattner : An Extremist Holding the Purse Strings Steven Rattner Not surprisingly, cutting deeply into cut $10.5 trillion of spending over the Federal Reserve’s low interest core retirement and health care the next decade, more than 40 rate policies, including at a dinner Mick Mulvaney at programs is at the top of his to-do percent of many important held by the John Birch Society, an his confirmation hearing on list. “We have to end Medicare as programs. ultraconservative organization Tuesday. Al Drago/The New York we know it,” he said on Fox founded in 1958 that today could be Times Business Network, soon after Mr. Mulvaney shares many extreme branded alt-right. economic views with his first choice President Trump will hardly be short entering Congress in 2011. (Medicare enjoys support from 77 for the Republican nomination, the His antipathy toward the Fed has of far-right cabinet members, libertarian-leaning senator Rand led him to support legislation that including an education secretary percent of Americans, according to a 2015 Kaiser Foundation poll.) Paul, particularly his belief that the would severely compromise the who has called public schools a mounting national debt is an central bank’s independence. That’s “dead end,” a labor secretary who While Mr. Mulvaney is not alone in existential crisis that must be among Mr. Mulvaney’s most has been cited for employment law his terrifying views, the difference addressed regardless of the misguided notions; the Fed’s strong violations and an Environmental between him and other members of consequences. response to the financial crisis Protection Agency administrator his deeply conservative brigade is played a key role in the economic who has sued his own department. that he will likely soon have an In that quest, the 49-year-old South recovery of the last eight years. unusual opportunity to cement them Carolinian has argued for a But within the Trump team, the balanced-budget amendment, a And then there’s the budget office’s views of Representative Mick into place; O.M.B. (as it is universally known) is the control truly terrible idea that would responsibility for reviewing every Mulvaney, Republican of South eliminate the federal government’s major proposed regulation — as Carolina, his little-known choice to center for the administration’s fiscal policy. ability to use deficit spending in well as existing ones — which will lead the important Office of times of economic weakness. allow him to continue his war Management and Budget, rank as Each year, the budget office against government rules of almost among the most reactionary. oversees the federal government’s Similarly, he has repeatedly voted every flavor. against legislation to raise the debt Only slivers of this were visible in budgeting process, receiving requests from individual agencies, ceiling, without which the federal I’ll be curious to see how Mr. Mr. Mulvaney’s uneventful government would shut down and Mulvaney meshes with his new confirmation hearing on Tuesday. analyzing them and making recommendations to the president possibly even default on its colleagues. As he acknowledged In fact, Mr. Mulvaney — a founding as to what spending should be obligations, neither of which Tuesday, his unabashed advocacy member of the Freedom Caucus requested from Congress and what seemed to bother the congressman. of cutting Social Security and Medicare puts him at odds with his with an almost perfect conservative the deficit should be. And like his new boss, Mr. voting record — spent his six-year new boss. From that perch, Mr. Mulvaney will Mulvaney has suggested that if the congressional career leading the nation’s debt continued to mount, The new president has also said charge against federal spending be well positioned to help excise funding for the Affordable Care Act, one way to address that problem that no one should lose their health and borrowing, voting against would be to push creditors to accept care when Obamacare is replaced, everything from Hurricane Sandy defund Planned Parenthood, abolish the Export-Import Bank, less than full payment. while the alternatives that Mr. relief to reopening the government Mulvaney has supported would after the 2013 shutdown. eliminate government-financed The consequences of that, said research, raise the retirement age inevitably result in many losing their Janet Yellen, the Federal Reserve insurance. His intransigence placed him well to for Social Security to 70 and even chairwoman, with classic Fed the right of Republican leadership, clamp down on off-budget military understatement, would be “very In the same vein, he will surely hate including former Speaker John spending, to name just a few of his severe,” at a minimum resulting “in Mr. Trump’s plans for enormous Boehner, whom he repeatedly targets. much higher borrowing costs for unfinanced tax cuts and huge opposed for — get this — being We may already be starting to see American households and infrastructure spending, which are excessively soft on curbing businesses.” projected to increase total deficits disbursements from the federal the shadowy outlines of this kind of agenda; the new administration is by $5.3 trillion over the next 10 purse. The feelings are mutual. Mr. years. reportedly considering proposals to Mulvaney has repeatedly blasted

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Policy differences aren’t unusual absolutism will make it difficult for are inevitably necessary in the within the new team. But those who him to make the compromises that policy-making process. know Mr. Mulvaney say that his Let’s hope that cooler heads prevail. Kudlow and Moore : To Speed Job Growth, Cut Taxes Now Larry Kudlow and rate, the highest in the industrial magnet for jobs. It is critical that the for itself over time. The new Stephen Moore world. tax relief include small businesses, infrastructure spending would be which are a major locomotive for paid for with the revenues from Jan. 26, 2017 7:49 p.m. ET Time is Mr. Trump’s enemy. Any hiring and growth. repatriation. delay in passing the tax bill risks Congressional Republicans say putting a damper on investment • A 10% tax on the repatriation of Some congressional Republicans they plan to wait to take up tax cuts decisions and slowing the path to foreign profits brought back to the oppose this strategy because it until later in the year, after they’ve real economic recovery. The longer U.S. This could attract up to $2 leaves cutting personal income dealt with ObamaCare, passed a the delay, the lower the odds of trillion to these shores, raising $200 taxes for another day. They worry 2017 budget resolution, confirmed getting a tax cut passed at all this billion for the federal Treasury while that if the business tax cuts come President Trump’s first Supreme year. creating new jobs. first, the individual tax cuts will be Court nominee and tackled other forgotten. initiatives. Two historical parallels are • An infrastructure fund through instructive. During Ronald Reagan’s which all money raised from That’s a risk. But we have worked This would be a big mistake. When first year in office, he took on tax repatriation could be dedicated to on tax reform since the early Mr. Trump addresses Congress in a cuts first, and only after signing rebuilding America’s roads, Reagan years, and overhauling the joint session Feb. 28, he should them into law moved to address the highways, airports, pipelines, income tax will be a heavy lift. urge lawmakers to pass a jobs bill, budget. If he had done the reverse, modernizing the electric grid, etc. There are great benefits to be had including a tax cut, during his first he never would have won the big This should include reforms in labor from cutting income taxes and 100 days in office. The centerpiece tax-rate reductions so vital to boom rules and environmental policies to limiting deductions and loopholes— of the plan should be a reduction in of the 1980s and ’90s. Moreover, reduce the cost of these capital draining the swamp. But the the tax rates on corporations and, the delay in the full tax-rate projects. We’re skeptical that more lobbying from K Street special importantly, on America’s 26 million reductions until 1983 worsened the spending on public works will create interests will be fierce. So will be small businesses. Broader reforms, recession and postponed the many jobs, and “shovel-ready opposition from the class-warfare including tax-rate cuts for families, recovery projects” didn’t work out for Mr. Democrats. Unlike when Reagan should come in a second round of Obama. But efficiently modernizing was president, Democrats today legislation later this year. Similarly, though in the wrong the nation’s public and private want to raise top marginal tax rates, direction, Barack Obama signed his infrastructure can enhance growth. to 50% or more, not cut them. The tax plan Mr. Trump enormous $787 billion “stimulus” bill campaigned on—which the two of four weeks after taking office. As the president sells this plan, he Trying to rewrite the entire tax code us helped write last year—is should aim not for 51 Senate votes without any Democratic support is a indispensable to economic revival. Mr. Trump needs to act with but 60 or 70. It would be hard for fool’s errand. The smart play is for Our archaic and uncompetitive comparable urgency. A properly either party to oppose a jobs bill that Mr. Trump to save that fight for business tax system may be the constructed tax plan can pass the combines business tax cuts, a another day and deliver a big jobs single biggest obstacle to restoring House and Senate with bipartisan priority for Republicans, with plan to voters quickly. A victory economic growth and living majorities. It should include three infrastructure spending, beloved by soon would help workers and the standards. From 1950 to 2000, total initiatives, all of which Mr. Trump Democrats and unions. This could stock market, boost the president’s business fixed investment averaged has already endorsed: be the biggest bipartisan economic job approval, and set the stage for 5.3% annual growth. Since 2000, • A reduction in the tax rate, bill since Madonna was rolling out broader tax reform down the road. that figure has been only 1.7%. If hits. new business incentives are put in retroactive to Jan. 1, 2017, for all Mr. Kudlow is a CNBC senior place, long-run investment growth businesses to between 15% and Budget hawks will doubtless commentator. Mr. Moore is an will be restored; real economic 20%, with immediate expensing for complain that the plan inflates the economic consultant with growth, languishing below 2% in the capital spending. Overnight, deficit. Not necessarily. We believe, FreedomWorks. They both served new millennium, will break through America would go from having the and the Tax Foundation agrees, as economic advisers to the Trump 3%; and wages will grow. Most of highest corporate tax in the that the business tax cut would campaign. that benefit would come from industrial world to among the generate so much capital lowering America’s 35% corporate lowest—and that would be a investment that it would largely pay Facing Replacement, Top State Department Officials Resign Felicia Schwartz foreign missions, all resigned said. She has been in the foreign said Nicholas Burns, former under Wednesday. service for 40 years and will leave secretary of state for political affairs Updated Jan. 26, after Friday. during the George W. Bush 2017 1:18 p.m. ET All are career foreign service administration and a longtime officers who have served under Gregory Starr, the assistant diplomat. “Normally the outgoing WASHINGTON—Several senior Democratic and Republican secretary of state for diplomatic career officials who help manage person would stay in the job until his administrations, and a majority were security, resigned on Jan. 20. He or her successor is confirmed. What the massive State Department asked to leave by the Trump was a career foreign service official. bureaucracy have resigned in you don’t want to have is a vacuum administration, a person familiar without senior leadership.” recent days, State Department with the situation said. While it isn’t unusual for an officials said, leaving a potential incoming administration to pick its State Department spokesman Mark leadership vacuum before Secretary Mr. Kennedy retired from the foreign own team, career foreign service Toner said it is standard practice for of State nominee Rex Tillerson is service before he became under officers often remain in their posts all politically appointed officers to confirmed. secretary for management, a job he until a new administration replaces submit letters of resignation and has held for 10 years. It was unclear them. All of the officials were that the incoming administration Under Secretary of State for whether he was asked to leave or selected for their posts by the Management Patrick Kennedy, decides which resignations to resigned on his own. He had been Obama administration and were accept. Assistant Secretary of State for in the foreign service since 1973. required to get Senate confirmation. Consular Affairs Michele Bond, “The Department encourages and Assistant Secretary of State Joyce Ms. Bond, who oversaw consular “Of course the incoming advocates for senior officers to Barr and Ambassador Gentry services and immigration, was administration has a right to replace compete for high-level offices in the Smith, director of the office of asked to leave by the Trump team, whatever under secretaries and Department,” Mr. Toner said. “No a person familiar with the situation assistant secretaries they’d like to,” officer accepts a political

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 43 appointment with the expectation retire and others will go on to other Other career foreign service officers International Security Tom that it is unlimited. And all officers positions in the foreign service. leading regional bureaus have Countryman. understand that the President may resigned recently, including choose to replace them at any Mr. Tillerson’s nomination was Assistant Secretary of State for Write to Felicia Schwartz at time.” approved earlier this week by the European and Eurasian Affairs [email protected] Senate Foreign Relations Victoria Nuland, Assistant Secretary Mr. Toner said that of those whose Committee. He is expected to of State for Near Eastern Affairs resignations were accepted by the receive a full Senate vote next Anne Patterson, and Acting Under Trump administration, some will week. Secretary for Arms Control and

Editorial : Chuck Schumer Goes Wild Jan. 26, 2017 and it deserves notice as a sign of “Betsy DeVos would single- competing models of public 7:41 p.m. ET 223 the political times. handedly decimate our public education so bad schools get better. COMMENTS education system if she were By the way, do those “wealthy “The president’s decision to ask confirmed. Her plan to privatize families” include Democratic Democrats have decided to oppose Betsy DeVos to run the Department education would deprive students Senators Bob Casey,Sheldon nearly every one of President of Education should offend every from a good public education, while Whitehouse,Al Franken and Maggie Trump’s nominees, and Betsy single American man, woman, and helping students from wealthy Hassan, who sent their kids to DeVos seems to be a particular child who has benefitted from the families get another leg up.” private schools? target. Minority Leader Chuck public education system in this Schumer unleashed a verbal country. Public education has lifted Calm down, Chuck, or people may The tragedy here is that school assault on the education nominee millions out of poverty, has put start calling you Chuckie, as in the reform was once bipartisan. Now on Thursday that might have made millions in good paying jobs,” Mr. movie. Mrs. DeVos doesn’t oppose Democrats do whatever the Harry Reid blush, Schumer declared in a statement. public schools. She wants teachers unions tell them to.

Dorsen : Antonin Scalia, part-time liberal By David M. penalty, habeas corpus, the enforced against a defendant. He broad scope for freedom of speech. Dorsen exclusionary rule relating to illegal also broadly supported the right to Notwithstanding Trump’s argument searches and seizures, regulatory trial by jury in civil cases, protected that flag-burners should be subject David M. Dorsen, a Washington takings of private property, gun by the Seventh Amendment. to criminal prosecution, Scalia lawyer, is author of “The rights, establishment of religion, joined the opinion of liberal justice Unexpected Scalia: A Conservative states’ rights, standing to challenge Scalia took a similarly liberal William Brennan striking down laws Justice’s Liberal Opinions,” to be federal regulatory statutes, the approach on questions of what making flag desecration a crime as published by Cambridge University scope of the commerce clause, the constitutes an unreasonable search unconstitutional. He wrote his own Press on Feb. 24. Freedom of Information Act and or seizure. He protected homes opinion striking down a law from searches by heat-detectors As President Trump prepares to more. prohibiting cross-burning that seeking signs of marijuana plants or intimidated African Americans. name a successor to Justice Evening Edition newsletter dogs sniffing around a house to Antonin Scalia, the conventional Scalia’s First Amendment prohibited detect narcotics. He dissented when making distinctions based on the wisdom is that the choice will not The day's most important stories. the court upheld the taking of a change the liberal-conservative content of a statement. He opposed Please provide a valid email DNA sample from the mouth of extending the limited protections balance on the court. After all, this someone arrested on one offense argument goes, if Trump chooses address. afforded obscenity to animal cruelty and then charged with another and violence on First Amendment any of the names on his previously Yet Scalia’s commitment to his crime based on a DNA match. published list, the court and the grounds. However, to the dismay of jurisprudence led him to write many Invasive searches to detect the many liberals, he rejected all country will simply be swapping one important liberal opinions, although commission of other crimes, he conservative justice for another. attempts by those who sought to they are less well-known than his said, violated the Fourth curtail the influence of money in That understanding is incorrect and, conservative decisions, with their Amendment and due process. He politics by voting to hold all as the Senate considers Trump’s often provocative language. insisted that any interference with limitations on campaign nominee and the impact on the personal property by law- contributions and spending In criminal cases, Scalia was the enforcement officers amounted to a court, could be dangerously court’s leading protector of unconstitutional under the First misleading. This will come as a search that required a warrant or Amendment’s right to freedom of defendants’ rights under the exigent circumstances, such as surprise to many, but in a number of confrontation clause. Because the speech. important areas, including the rights when the police affixed a GPS testimony had not been subject to device on a suspect’s car without a When the time comes to evaluate of criminal defendants and freedom cross-examination, he disallowed of speech, the justice was actually warrant. Trump’s nominee to the Supreme the use of previous grand jury Court, we should not be misled by quite liberal, as that term is testimony by a witness who was When it came to the Sixth commonly applied. Of Scalia’s statements that he or she is a unavailable at trial. He prevented Amendment’s right to trial by jury, conservative in the mold of Scalia. approximately 879 opinions, screens to shield child witnesses in Scalia once again was a leader of including comments on denials of The reality is much more nuanced. child abuse cases from seeing their the liberal position. He insisted that The odds are that we are going to petitions for certiorari, I have alleged abusers. Likewise, Scalia juries, not judges, make the critical counted 135 as liberal and a have a nominee who not only was liberal in his interpretation of decision of whether an action follows Scalia’s conservative number of others as arguably the double jeopardy clause and the amounted to a hate crime, and liberal. opinions, but also rejects his liberal prohibition against ex post facto therefore was subject to more ones. In short, the court without No doubt, Scalia was personally a judicial decisions under the due severe punishment. Scalia made Scalia is likely to be a lot worse than committed conservative and process clause. He insisted that the powerful point that judges were the one with him still serving. originalist. He relied on that pair of indictments, to be valid, list all the part of the state, and that trial by approaches to render conservative elements of a crime, and jury was designed to protect opinions on abortion, the right to consistently relied on the rule of Americans from the state. die, women’s rights, rights of gays lenity, which requires criminal statutes to be clear before they are On matters involving the First and lesbians, obscenity, the death Amendment, Scalia advocated a

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Trump Strategist Stephen Bannon Says Media Should ‘Keep Its Mouth Shut’ By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUMJAN. Breitbart News, the provocative Speaking by telephone on Asked if he was concerned that Mr. 26, 2017 right-wing website he ran until Wednesday, Mr. Bannon delivered Spicer had lost credibility with the August, was echoing comments by a broad indictment of the news news media, Mr. Bannon chortled. Stephen K. Bannon, center, Mr. Trump last weekend, when the media as being biased against Mr. “Are you kidding me?” he said. “We President Trump’s chief strategist, president said he was in “a running Trump and out of touch with the think that’s a badge of honor. met with business leaders at the war” with the media and called American public. That is an ‘Questioning his integrity’ — are you White House on Monday. Credit journalists “among the most argument familiar to readers of kidding me? The media has zero Doug Mills/The New York Times dishonest people on earth.” Mr. Breitbart and followers of integrity, zero intelligence, and no WASHINGTON — Just days after Bannon’s remarks added to the personalities friendly to Mr. Trump, hard work.” President Trump spoke of a growing acrimony between the like Sean Hannity of Fox News. press and a president who made “You’re the opposition party,” he “running war’’ with the media, his “The elite media got it dead wrong, said. “Not the Democratic Party. chief White House strategist, attacks on the media a rallying point of his election campaign. 100 percent dead wrong,” Mr. You’re the opposition party. The Stephen K. Bannon, ratcheted up Bannon said of the election, calling media’s the opposition party.” the attacks, arguing that news Among Mr. Trump’s advisers in the it “a humiliating defeat that they will organizations had been “humiliated” White House, Mr. Bannon is never wash away, that will always Journalists reacted with alarm and by the election outcome and responsible for putting into action be there.” defiance to Mr. Bannon’s repeatedly describing the media as the nationalist vision that Mr. Trump comments. “What country are we “the opposition party” of the current channeled during the later months “The mainstream media has not living in?” Christiane Amanpour, the administration. of the campaign, one that stemmed fired or terminated anyone CNN correspondent, wrote on from Mr. Bannon himself. And in associated with following our Twitter. “The media should be embarrassed campaign,” Mr. Bannon said. “Look and humiliated and keep its mouth many ways Mr. Trump has acted on “We are not the opposition,’’ that vision during his first week in at the Twitter feeds of those people: shut and just listen for a while,” Mr. They were outright activists of the Stephen Engelberg, editor in chief Bannon said in an interview on office — from the description of of the nonprofit news organization “American carnage” he laid out in Clinton campaign.” (He did not Wednesday. name specific reporters or editors.) ProPublica, wrote in an email. “We his inauguration speech to a series are part of an essential function in “I want you to quote this,” Mr. of executive actions outlining “That’s why you have no power,” he any democracy.” He added that Bannon added. “The media here is policies on trade agreements, added. “You were humiliated.” ProPublica had no intention of the opposition party. They don’t immigration and the building of a “shutting up in response to this or understand this country. They still border wall. Mr. Bannon spoke in blunt but calm any other president’s demand.” do not understand why Donald tones, peppered with profanity, and Trump is the president of the United Mr. Bannon is one of the strongest humorously referred to himself as “We are here to tell the truth and we States.” forces in an administration with “Darth Vader.” He said, with ironic intend to continue doing so, competing power centers. A savvy relish, that Mr. Trump was elected regardless of how badly some might The scathing assessment — manipulator of the press, and a by a surge of support from “the want us to parrot ‘alternative facts,’” delivered by one of Mr. Trump’s proud provocateur, he was among working-class hobbits and Mr. Engelberg said. most trusted and influential the few advisers in Mr. Trump’s deplorables.” advisers, in the first days of his circle who were said to have urged Mr. Bannon mostly referred to the presidency — comes at a moment Sean Spicer, the new press The conversation was initiated by “elite” or “mainstream” media, but of high tension between the news secretary, to give a confrontational, Mr. Bannon to offer praise for Mr. he cited The New York Times and media and the administration, with emotional statement to a shocked Spicer, who has been criticized this The Washington Post by name. skirmishes over the size of Mr. West Wing briefing room on week for making false claims at the Trump’s inaugural crowd and the Saturday, when the White House White House podium about “The paper of record for our beloved president’s false claims that millions disputed news reports about the attendance at Mr. Trump’s republic, The New York Times, of illegal votes by undocumented size of the inauguration crowd. He inaugural, for calling reporters should be absolutely ashamed and immigrants swayed the popular vote shares Mr. Trump’s view that the dishonest and lecturing them about humiliated,” Mr. Bannon said. “They against him. news media misunderstood the what stories to write, and for failing got it 100 percent wrong.” movement that the president rode to disavow Mr. Trump’s lie about Continue reading the main story He added that he has been a reader into office. widespread voter fraud in the of The Times for most of his adult Mr. Bannon, who rarely grants election. life. interviews to journalists outside of

Editorial : South Dakota Lawmakers Snuffing Out Ethics Reform Referendum The Editorial Board scam artists,” Gov. Dennis would prevent voters from reversing Republican legislators — more Daugaard, a Republican, brazenly the repeal with another referendum. eager for political revenge than People in South Dakota protested insisted, as he promised to sign the mindful of the voice of the people — the Republican Legislature’s effort repeal. The referendum called for This was not only shameless but are now debating a bill that would to repeal an ethics reform the creation of an independent cunning. In 2014, lawmakers double the number of signatures referendum. James ethics commission to investigate excluded teenagers from a voter- required to place referendums on Nord/Associated Press abuses by statehouse politicians approved referendum to raise the the state ballot. Anyone wondering state minimum wage, claiming (as Brutally rejecting the people’s will, and lobbyists, a public financing why South Dakota is ranked 47th in option to reduce election spending they did this time) that South the nation for public accountability South Dakota’s Republican- Dakota’s citizens did not know what controlled Legislature is rushing to and a $100 annual limit on by the nonpartisan Center for Public lobbyists’ gifts to elected officials. they were doing. To their dismay, Integrity need look no further than repeal a vital ethics reform voters overruled them by a huge referendum approved by voters in these multiple efforts to subvert the The Republican-dominated majority in a subsequent public will. November. committee that approved the repeal referendum in November, The 52 percent of voters who bill did so under South Dakota’s successfully raising the minimum As the rollback moved this week approved the anticorruption “state of emergency” provision that wage for all workers. toward approval, Republican referendum were “hoodwinked by lawmakers sounded hollow in

Revue de presse américaine du 27 janvier 2017 45 promising their own ethics representative, Larry Rhoden, G.O.P. machine snuffed out the substitute. “We are pretty squeaky ludicrously maintained as the democratic process. clean,” a Republican state Editorial : In Defense of Trump’s Keystone Decision The Editors Pipelines are a safe, reliable and and Alberta has adopted a carbon the company behind the project will efficient way to carry oil. Given that tax. have to submit another application - Keystone XL is back -- along with Keystone would be built to the latest - and there is always a danger, the usual misconceptions about its safety requirements, it would be Finally, many environmentalists Trump being Trump, that he will virtues and dangers. There should less spill-prone than the tens of argue that pipelines such as make unreasonable demands. On be no doubt, however, that thousands of miles of older Keystone only encourage the Tuesday he suggested that he President Donald Trump’s executive pipelines that crisscross the U.S. further extraction and use of fossil wants to the pipeline to use only order advancing the project is a (This advantage also holds true for fuels, which contribute to global American steel, and in the past he good thing. the Dakota Access pipeline, another warming. Regardless of whether has vowed to demand a share of this will prove to be true, the reality The reason is simple: By carrying project Trump advanced on the pipeline’s profits. Tuesday.) is that there aren’t enough sources heavy crude from the oil sands of of clean energy to meet the world’s This would be unwise. Better not to Alberta, Canada, to refineries on the Keystone opponents also make needs. And to protect against price jeopardize a decision that can be U.S. Gulf Coast and beyond, more universal objections. Crude shocks, it is preferable for the U.S. justified as a matter of both energy Keystone XL would strengthen U.S. extracted from oil sands generates to get its oil from domestic sources and economic policy and see to it energy security. more than its share of greenhouse or from friendly neighbors like that the pipeline, now almost a Keystone would not, as Trump gases, because more energy is Canada. decade on the drawing board, is suggests, create a lot of work for needed to remove the sand and finally built. dilute it for transport. Technology is With or without Keystone, in any Americans. It will take maybe case, crude will continue to be To contact the senior editor 10,000 people to build the pipeline, already limiting this problem, however. Moreover, oil-sands extracted from the Alberta oil sands. responsible for Bloomberg View’s and those jobs will be temporary. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau editorials: David Shipley at Only a few dozen will be needed emissions can be offset with reductions in other parts of the recently approved two new [email protected]. once it is operational. pipelines designed to carry that oil economy -- a likely scenario now At the same time, many that Canada has agreed to reduce through Canada to world markets. environmentalists’ warnings about carbon emissions as part of the Trump’s executive order does not Keystone are exaggerated. Paris climate-change agreement, amount to approval for Keystone --

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