The Genus Dinica Gozmány (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) From

THE GENUS DINICA GOZMÁNY (LEPIDOPTERA: TINEIDAE) FROM CHINA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES Author(s): Guo-Hua Huang, Min Wang, Toshiya Hirowatari Source: Entomological News, 117(4):385-390. 2006. Published By: The American Entomological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[385:TGDGLT]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3157/0013-872X%282006%29117%5B385%3ATGDGLT%5D2.0.CO%3B2

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NEW NUMBER 46 THE GENUS DINICA GOZMÁNY (LEPIDOPTERA: TINEIDAE) FROM CHINA, WITH THE Systematics and Biogeography of the Desert Crane Fly DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES1

Subgenus Tipula (Eremotipula) Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae) Guo-Hua Huang,2 Min Wang,3 and Toshiya Hirowatari4 by Jon K. Gelhaus. ABSTRACT: The genus Dinica Gozmány, 1965 is recorded from Nanling National Nature Reserve, 236 pages, 100 plates ..... $45 South China. Dinica rhombata sp. nov. is described and illustrated, the first record of this genus from China. The new species is very similar in appearance to Dinica endochrysa (Meyrick, 1935) from Japan, but it can be distinguished easily by the characteristics of the male genitalia: straighter aedeagus, larger subscaphium and slender saccus. Terminology of the male genitalia is briefly discussed.

KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Dinica, new species, China

The genus Dinica was established by Gozmány (1965) with Homalopsycha hyacinthopa Meyrick, 1932 as type species, and characterized by Gozmány and Vári (1973) by the ligulate “subscaphium” and the “two circular, strongly sclerotized lobes” on the caudo-lateral angle of the ring. However, the usage of these terms for the male genitalia seems to be confused and the systematic position of Dinica at the subfamily level is disputable. Seven nominal species have been subsequently included in this genus, five from the Ethiopian Region (Meyrick, 1932, 1934; Gozmány and Vári, 1973; Robinson, 2001; Gozmány, 2004) and two A complete list of available Memoirs can be found at www.acnatsci.org/hosted/aes/memoirs.html from Japan and Nepal (Meyrick, 1935; Moriuti, 1982; Petersen, 1983). Until now, no species of Dinica have been reported from China. In our study of the Please send these issue(s): tineid moths of South China, one species belonging to this genus was considered POSTAGE/ to be new to science. ______#46 ($45) $ ______NAME HANDLING: # _____ $ ______Domestic orders: METHODS ______$3 for the first The terminology used in descriptions of morphology follows Robinson and ADDRESS # _____ $ ______publication; $1 for Nielsen (1993). In previous taxonomic studies of Dinica, some terms for the each additional ______male genital characters have been confused because of their complexity of struc- # _____ $ ______publication. ture. Gozmány (1965) originally described the ligulate “subscaphium” as the Foreign orders: $5 # _____ $ ______fee for the first gnathos, and the “two circular, strongly sclerotized lobes” on the caudo-lateral CITY STATE ZIP # _____ $ ______publication; $l for each additional ______E-MAIL (PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY) publication. Postage: $ ______AES Fed. ID No.: 1 Submitted on April 4, 2006. Accepted on May 23, 2006. TELEPHONE TOTAL $ ______23-1599849 2 Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture MAIL FORM & PAYMENT TO: University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] or tineidae_ Check or money order (in US currency through a US bank) The American Entomological Society [email protected]. payable to The American Entomological Society. at The Academy of Natural Sciences 3 Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Credit card: VISA Discover MasterCard AmEx 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway China. E-mail: [email protected]. Philadelphia, PA 19103-1195 4 Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]. Corresponding ______Telephone: (215) 561-3978 CREDIT CARD NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE author. E-mail: [email protected] Mailed on December 8, 2006 ______NAME ON CARD SIGNATURE www.acnatsci.org/hosted/aes 386 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 387 angle of the ring as a part of the tegumen. Later, Gozmány and Vári (1973) used Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Uncus trianglar with apex narrow and pointed, weakly “subscaphium” and regarded the “two circular, strongly sclerotized lobes” as the sclerotized. Subscaphium very large and well sclerotized, posterior half rhom- true gnathos. Sakai (2002) reported the “lobes” as gnathos from D. endochrysa boidal with dorsally curved apex, equal in length to valva. Tegumen and vinculum based on the small membranous connection area, which is absent in the other fused into a ring with two strongly sclerotized lobes at caudo-lateral angles. Juxta Oriental species, present between the “lobes” and tegumen. Gozmány (2004) elongate shield-like, dorsal base emarginated at middle. Saccus slender, equal in also regarded the latter as a part of the gnathos, without referring to the “sub- length to lateral part of ring. Valva broad, ventrally with a distinct pollex at middle; inner side with dense stout bristles in posterior half. Aedeagus slender, nearly scaphium.” In this paper, we use “subscaphium,” as defined by Tuxen (1970), as straight, slightly curved ventrally; cornutus absent. a “sclerotization of ventral part of tuba analis and sometimes fused with caudal part of gnathos.” Even when the subscaphium and gnathos are fused, then the “two caudo-lateral, strongly sclerotized lobes” cannot be a part of the gnathos but part of the ring (tegumen). This is supported by the observation that the proximal part of the “subscaphium” is separated from the “lobes” by a membranous area in the new species. Measurements in millimeters were made using a binocular microscope.

Dinica rhombata Huang, Wang and Hirowatari, NEW SPECIES (Figs 1-3)

Diagnosis: This new species is very similar to D. endochrysa in appearance but differs considerably from the latter in the following features of the male genitalia: Uncus triangular; subscaphium larger and well sclerotized; juxta wedge- shaped; saccus slender; aedeagus straighter. Description of the male: Wingspan 13.6-13.9 mm, forewing length 6.3-6.4 mm, antenna length nearly 4.0 mm (Fig. 1). Head. Vertex covered with dense, erect, snow-white scales. Antenna filiform Fig. 1. Dinica rhombata sp. nov. Holotype, male. and smooth, about 0.65 the length of forewing; scape smooth scaled. Frons bearing long, brownish gray hairs. Maxillary palpus 5-segmented, sparsely clothed with pale gold scales. Labial palpus covered with short creamy scales but dark brown ventrally. Thorax. Dorsum smooth with dense snow-white scales; tegula snow-white with black scales at basal 1/3. Fore- and midlegs extensively covered with dark brown scales; hind legs covered with pale brown scales; hind tibia bearing dense long, pale brown hairs. Forewing elongate bearing distinct long yellowish-white fringes only at termen, about 4.0x as long as wide including fringes, about 3.6x as long, as wide excluding fringes; ground color creamy white, costa with a distinct black marking from base to basal 7/10, especially in 3/10-7/10 with a larger trianglar to semicircular black marking; all veins present (Fig. 2), R1 arising from the base of cell. Hindwing relatively broad, 2.1-2.3x as long as wide including fringes, 3.2-3.4x as long, as wide excluding fringes; ground color brownish gray, semihyaline with long pale brown fringes except basal 1/2 of costa; venation (Fig. 2), M1 and M2 stalked, M1 terminating near apex of costa. Abdomen. Dorsum gray, heavily irrorated with brown to fuscous-tipped scales; venter mostly white with grayish irroration; abdominal segment VIII with dense slender white scales covering genitalia. Fig. 2. Wing venation of Dinica rhombata sp. nov. Paratype, male. 386 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 387 angle of the ring as a part of the tegumen. Later, Gozmány and Vári (1973) used Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Uncus trianglar with apex narrow and pointed, weakly “subscaphium” and regarded the “two circular, strongly sclerotized lobes” as the sclerotized. Subscaphium very large and well sclerotized, posterior half rhom- true gnathos. Sakai (2002) reported the “lobes” as gnathos from D. endochrysa boidal with dorsally curved apex, equal in length to valva. Tegumen and vinculum based on the small membranous connection area, which is absent in the other fused into a ring with two strongly sclerotized lobes at caudo-lateral angles. Juxta Oriental species, present between the “lobes” and tegumen. Gozmány (2004) elongate shield-like, dorsal base emarginated at middle. Saccus slender, equal in also regarded the latter as a part of the gnathos, without referring to the “sub- length to lateral part of ring. Valva broad, ventrally with a distinct pollex at middle; inner side with dense stout bristles in posterior half. Aedeagus slender, nearly scaphium.” In this paper, we use “subscaphium,” as defined by Tuxen (1970), as straight, slightly curved ventrally; cornutus absent. a “sclerotization of ventral part of tuba analis and sometimes fused with caudal part of gnathos.” Even when the subscaphium and gnathos are fused, then the “two caudo-lateral, strongly sclerotized lobes” cannot be a part of the gnathos but part of the ring (tegumen). This is supported by the observation that the proximal part of the “subscaphium” is separated from the “lobes” by a membranous area in the new species. Measurements in millimeters were made using a binocular microscope.

Dinica rhombata Huang, Wang and Hirowatari, NEW SPECIES (Figs 1-3)

Distribution: Known only from the type locality, southern China. Etymology of specific epithet: From the Latin rhombus (= rhombus, rhomboid), referring to the rhomboid subscaphium of the male genitalia.

DISCUSSION The systematic position of Dinica at subfamily level is disputable. Gozmány and Vári (1973) placed this genus in Nemapogoninae based on four endemic species from the Ethiopian Region. Petersen (1983) added two non-Ethiopian Region species to the genus and stated that there is no evidence of affinity between Dinica and other Nemapogoninae genera. Robinson and Tuck (1996) treated it in Myrmecozelinae without supporting evidence. Recently, Gozmány (2004) added one Namibian species to this genus without subfamily placement. In addition to the new species herein described, we recognize at least four unnamed Dinica species from the Oriental Region. These species, all of which are very similar to D. endochrysa in appearance, can be easily distinguished from each other by the male genitalia. Among them, the divergence of the saccus, subscaphium, valva and uncus is pronounced, but a possible autapomorphy of the genus Dinica is the “two caudo-lateral, strongly sclerotized lobes.” However, these characters are not compatible with any definition of hitherto known sub- families of Tineidae (Robinson and Nielsen, 1993; Davis and Robinson, 1999). Further studies are required to infer the phylogenetic position of Dinica and its subfamily assignment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to express our thanks to Professor O. Yata (Kyushu University, Japan), Dr. M. Sakai (Okinawa, Japan), and Mr. L. S. Chen (South China Agriculture University, China) for their kind help in this study. Dr. G. S. Robinson (The Natural History Museum, UK) and Dr K. Ueda (Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, Japan) kindly read the manuscript of this paper and gave us critical com- ments. Mr. Y. N. Gong (Nanling National Nature Reserve, China) facilitated fieldwork. The first author (Huang) wishes to express his thanks to Professor M. Ishii and to Mr. N. Hirai (Osaka Prefec- Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Dinica rhombata sp. nov. Holotype. A. Entire genitalia excluding aedeagus, ture University, Japan) for their direction and valuable suggestions. This research was supported by lateral view. B. Right valva, inner view. C. Juxta, ventral view. D. Aedeagus, ventral view. E. a Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (no. Aedeagus, lateral view. F. Entire genitalia, except aedeagus, juxta, and valva, ventral view. G. Entire 17255001). genitalia, except aedeagus, juxta, and valva dosal view. (sc: saccus; tg: tegumen; un: uncus; lr: lobe of ring; ss: subscaphium.) LITERATURE CITED Female: Unknown. Davis, D. R. and G. S. Robinson. 1999. The Tineoidea and Gracillarioidea. pp. 91-117. In, N. P. Type Data: Holotype, male, China: Guangdong, Shaoguan, Nanling National Kristensen (Editor). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, systematics and biogeog- Nature Reserve, Xiaohuangshan, 1300 m altitude, 2005.VI.11, light trapping, raphy. Handbook of Zoology 4(35): 1-491. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Germany. G.H. Huang, L.S. Chen and M. Wang leg.. Deposited in Department of Ento- Gozmány, L. A. and L. Vári. 1973. The Tineidae of the Ethiopian Region. Transvaal Museum Memoir 18: 1-238. mology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Paratype, 1 male, same data as holotype. Deposited in Entomological Labora- Gozmány, L. 2004. Tineidae. pp. 51-64. In, W. Mey (Editor). The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia. Esperiana (Memoir 1). Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität. tory, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. Berlin, Germany. 362 pp. Host Plant: Unknown. 388 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 389

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to express our thanks to Professor O. Yata (Kyushu University, Japan), Dr. M. Sakai (Okinawa, Japan), and Mr. L. S. Chen (South China Agriculture University, China) for their kind help in this study. Dr. G. S. Robinson (The Natural History Museum, UK) and Dr K. Ueda (Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, Japan) kindly read the manuscript of this paper and gave us critical com- ments. Mr. Y. N. Gong (Nanling National Nature Reserve, China) facilitated fieldwork. The first author (Huang) wishes to express his thanks to Professor M. Ishii and to Mr. N. Hirai (Osaka Prefec- Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Dinica rhombata sp. nov. Holotype. A. Entire genitalia excluding aedeagus, ture University, Japan) for their direction and valuable suggestions. This research was supported by lateral view. B. Right valva, inner view. C. Juxta, ventral view. D. Aedeagus, ventral view. E. a Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (no. Aedeagus, lateral view. F. Entire genitalia, except aedeagus, juxta, and valva, ventral view. G. Entire 17255001). genitalia, except aedeagus, juxta, and valva dosal view. (sc: saccus; tg: tegumen; un: uncus; lr: lobe of ring; ss: subscaphium.) LITERATURE CITED Female: Unknown. Davis, D. R. and G. S. Robinson. 1999. The Tineoidea and Gracillarioidea. pp. 91-117. In, N. P. Type Data: Holotype, male, China: Guangdong, Shaoguan, Nanling National Kristensen (Editor). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, systematics and biogeog- Nature Reserve, Xiaohuangshan, 1300 m altitude, 2005.VI.11, light trapping, raphy. Handbook of Zoology 4(35): 1-491. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Germany. G.H. Huang, L.S. Chen and M. Wang leg.. Deposited in Department of Ento- Gozmány, L. A. and L. Vári. 1973. The Tineidae of the Ethiopian Region. Transvaal Museum Memoir 18: 1-238. mology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Paratype, 1 male, same data as holotype. Deposited in Entomological Labora- Gozmány, L. 2004. Tineidae. pp. 51-64. In, W. Mey (Editor). The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia. Esperiana (Memoir 1). Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität. tory, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. Berlin, Germany. 362 pp. Host Plant: Unknown. 390 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 391

Meyrick, E. 1932. Tineidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera IV: 206-213. TWO NEW SPECIES OF LUTEOBALMUS LEAFHOPPERS Meyrick, E. 1934. Tineidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera IV: 515-520. (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: IDIOCERINAE) Meyrick, E. 1935. Tineidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera IV: 575-580. FROM SOUTH AMERICA1 Moriuti, S. 1982. Tineidae. pp. 162-171. In, H. Inoue, S. Sugi, H. Kuroko, S. Moriuti and A. Kawa- be. (Editors). Moths of Japan. Two Volumes. 1:1-966, 2:1-552. Kodansha, Tokyo. (In Japanese) Paul H. Freytag2 Petersen, G. 1983. Revision der Gattung Dinica Gozmany (Lepidoptera, Tineidae). Entomo- logische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden 47(3): 35-41. (In German ABSTRACT: Two new species are added to the genus Luteobalmus from South America, L. boular- with English summary) di from French Guiana and L. hamatus from Colombia. Robinson, G. S. 2001. Global taxonomic database of Tineidae (Lepidoptera). http://www.nhm.ac. KEY WORDS: Luteobalmus, new species, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Idiocerinae uk/entomology/tineidae/index.html. Last updated: 5-March-2002. Robinson, G. S. and E. S. Nielsen. 1993. Tineid Genera of Australia (Lepidoptera). Monographs The genus Luteobalmus was described by Maldonado-Capriles (1979) for the on Australian Lepidoptera 2: i-xvi, 1-344. CSIRO Publications, Melborune, Australia. type species L. maculatus Maldonado-Capriles, and compared and keyed from Robinson, G. S. and K. R. Tuck. 1996. A revisionary checklist of the Tineidae (Lepidoptera) of the other genera in the subfamily Idiocerinae from South America. This paper adds Oriental Region. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology 9: 1-29. two new species from specimens from French Guiana and Colombia. All three Sakai, M. A. 2002. Systematic study of the family Tineidae of Japan (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Un- species are nearly the same size and color pattern as illustrated by Maldonado- published Ph. D. Kyushu University, Japan. Capriles (1979, figure 9). The species differ in characteristics of the male and Tuxen S. L. (Editor) 1970. Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in Insects (Second enlarged edition). female genitalia. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark. 359 pp. Acronyms for institutions where specimens are deposited are as follows: MNHN – Muséum national D’Histoire naturelle, Paris; JAVH – Instituto von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia; FSCA – Florida State Collection of Arth- ropods, Gainesville; and UKYC – University of Kentucky Collection, Lexing- ton.

SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY Luteobalmus maculatus Maldonado-Capriles 1979, p. 361 Figures 1 and 4

This species was well described in the original description. At this time mate- rial from French Guiana has been seen, and the male and female are illustrated from these specimens in this paper. Description: Length of males 4.4-4.5 mm., females 5-5.1 mm. (with ovipositor 7-7.1 mm.). Male genitalia (Fig. 1), pygofer darkly pigmented on dorsal margin which is somewhat pointed at apex. Anal tube long, dorso-ventrally flattened. Style, in lateral view, clawlike, extending about two-thirds length of subgenital plate. Aedeagus long, slender, evenly curved dorsally to pointed apex. Female genitalia (Fig. 4), ovipositor extending about two mm. beyond apex of front wings in rest position. Seventh sternum truncate, posterior margin with slight median emargination.

______1 Received December 12, 2005. Accepted March 8, 2006. 2 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091 U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]. Mailed on December 8, 2006