The Evolution of Creationist Movements Nicholas J. Matzke Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
[email protected] Introduction It used to be arguable that organized creationism was some bizarre anachronism unique to American culture, but it is now clear that, like McDonald’s, creationist movements are spreading around the world along with the influence of American culture (Numbers, 2006, p. 399-431). Organized creationist movements are primarily a product of American-style Protestant biblical fundamentalism, and as such, they will pop up anywhere this style of fundamentalism becomes popular. This can occur in any place in the world that is accessible to missionaries, churches, and sectarian media; major examples include Brazil, South Korea, and Eastern Europe. In the 21st century, this is virtually everywhere except war-torn and Islamic nations (and Islamic nations, of course, have their own form of Islamic fundamentalist opposition to evolution, although the major Turkish group copied much of its material from American creationists; Numbers, 2006, p. 421-427). In the United States itself, on the other hand, creationism may not be getting bigger, but it is definitely big. The long-running Gallup polls on public attitudes towards evolution and creationism in the United States (Gallup, 2008; Newport, 2009) have numerous flaws that make naive, face-value interpretation unwise (Branch, 2004; Duncan and Geist, 2004; DYG Inc., 2000; Padian and Matzke, 2009). However, at the very least these polls 1 indicate that roughly half of the general population harbors significant sympathy for creationism, a conclusion confirmed by comparison of U.S. survey data to that of other industrialized countries (Miller et al., 2006).