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Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook FOUNDATION OF THE PEOPLES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC FIJI ISLANDS COMMUNITY INFORMATION HANDBOOK Published by The Foundation of the People of the South Pacific International Suva Fiji © The Foundation of the People of the South Pacific International, 2010 First published 2005 This revision 2010 Content Supervisor Albert Cerelala Editor Evan Naqiolevu Cover design Ron Philitoga Photographs Josie Crick & FSPI Acknowledgment The FSPI would like to acknowledge Ausaid for funding this publication. The Foundation of the People of the South Pacific International (FSPI) is the regional secretariat for a network of 10 independent community-based organisations working in the Pacific to foster self-reliance and sustainable development. This FSPI publication is copyright and can not be sold commercially or reproduced without FSPI’s permission. They may contain material for which other people or organisations hold copyright. Such material should not be reproduced without permission of the relevant copyright holder. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge owners of copyright. These have been adapted to meet the needs of the people. ii iii Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 SECTION 1 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT ...........................................................3 SECTION 2 RESOURCE allocation AND participatory BUDGETING ...............43 SECTION 3 GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES ...........................................................................71 SECTION 4 STaTuTory BodIeS and non-GovernmenT orGanISaTIonS ......101 ii iii iv 1 Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook INTRODUCTION Welcome! The Fiji Islands Community Handbook has been designed to inform and help you to understand the way government functions and how the constitution is an important document that is for all citizens of Fiji. There are four sections to this handbook, which cover the constitution and government, resource allocation and participatory budgeting, the government ministries and the honourable ministers; and the statutory bodies and non- governmental organisations. It is the intention of this handbook that you not only become aware of the constraints the government of the day may face when developing the national budget, but at the same time you should be mindful of your rights to voice your opinion on how tax- payers’ money is spent. We are merely trying to empower and inform you with knowledge to think about the functions of government and how you can also play an active role in projects set up by the government, but to also become self reliant and less dependent. We hope you find this handbook useful and informative, as well as enjoyable to read. on the side of the main text you will find “Questions anda nswers”, which are based on mainly the government and constitution. also, look out for the “did you know?” inserts which cover brief historical and general information. Do keep in mind that the information provided can become outdated overnight due to changes in policy and officials. iv 1 2 3 Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook SECTION 1: CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT The elected government of the day is to ensure that the citizens of the country are looked after irrespective of race, religion, creed and colour. our constitution is there to ensure all aspects of our livelihood, work, environment and security are protected. We hope that you will recognise the importance of the constitution and the Bill of rights, which protects the rights of everyone who calls Fiji home. It is up to you to learn about Fiji’s constitution. you have an idea that the constitution is the “law of the land” and it states the role of Parliament and how the upper House (Senate) and Lower House (House of representatives) are created. This relates to how elections and voting play an important role in selecting our representatives. We will look at the significance of voting and why each one of us should vote and how we should choose the best person who will look after the needs of our communities. Another fact is that we must ensure our government is accountable, transparent, fair and law abiding. In this section there are three areas that will be looked at which are: • The Constitution and the Protection of your Rights; • The Government; and • The Elections and Voting. 2 3 THE CONSTITUTION AND THE PROTECTION OF YOUR RIGHTS Imagine Fiji without a constitution, what would our society be like without any rules or regulations? do you think the government would function properly if the constitution did not exist? Just think of your household or family without any rules. The rules in a house shape our values and how we respect and relate to other people. Without rules and regulations there would be chaos and people doing whatever they want. It is important that there is order in the household so that we can be law abiding people. That is the significance of having a constitution since our basic rights, and freedoms, both as individuals and as members of a group, are secure and protected, as well as ensuring there is order in the country. We must all know that the Constitution of Fiji is the supreme law of Fiji. It is important we respect and learn about our constitution so that we can make our own decision and comments on certain ideas without being influenced by people who may do things that are “unconstitutional”. The Fiji Constitution promotes the values which are shared by the many ethnic groups that make Fiji their home. Fiji is a multicultural nation and all groups have shared values that is written in our Constitution which is to do with promoting social justice, importance of family, respect for other people and ensuring our sovereignty as a nation. Parliaments and governments may change but the Constitution remains the same. If changes were to be made, a wide support is necessary within parliament and the community. The rights of indigenous Fijians and Rotumans are secured by the Constitution but it also ensures the rights of every citizen of Fiji. 4 5 Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook A BRIEF HISTORY OF FIJI’S CONSTITUTIONS The present Constitution of the republic of the Fiji Islands was passed in 1997. It is our third Constitution. The first constitution was adopted in 1970 when Fiji gained its independence, however it was abrogated after the two military coups in 1987. a second constitution was adopted in 1990 and seemed discriminatory, which reserved the office of Prime minister and a built-in majority in the House of representatives for indigenous Fijians and in the mid 1990s the government agreed that it should be rewritten. In 1995, President ratu Sir Kamisese mara appointed a three-member Constitutional review Commission. The commissioners were Tomasi vakatora, a Fijian, and Brij Lal, an Indo- Fijian, with Sir Paul reeves, a former Governor-General of new Zealand, as chairman. The Great Council of Chiefs also approved the report presented by the Commission. The Constitution (amendment) Bill 1997 was passed by the House of representatives on 3 July that year, and by the Senate. President ratu mara signed it into law and the third and present constitution took effect from 27 July. It is interesting to note that the 1997 constitution was the only second national constitution to protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation (Chapter 4, section 38). The first one was South africa’s Constitution in 1996. The present constitution was abrogated or removed by Commodore Frank Bainimarama, who organised a counter-coup to neutralise a civilian coup d’état led by George Speight, and subsequently formed an Interim Military Government. A Supreme Court decision in november, however, reinstated the constitution, and new parliamentary elections under it were held in September 2001. There are 17 Chapters in our Constitution, which are comprised of Parts and Sections. 4 5 AN OUTLINE OF FIJI’S CONSTITUTION The Constitution belongs to Fiji and its people. use it, understand it, and make it work for you. The following summary of the Chapters had been adapted from the information booklet distributed and published by the Citizen’ Constitutional Forum (CCF), “your Constitution your rights”. THE PREAMBLE The Preamble explains the historical, cultural and political reasons for making the 1997 Constitution. It recognises the contribution of the indigenous Fijians and rotumans, as well as the other ethnic groups to the development of Fiji and emphasises the shared beliefs and values of our multi-racial society. CHAPTER 1 - THE STATE This chapter defines the republic of the Fiji Islands as a sovereign, democratic state, declares the supremacy of the Constitution. In this Chapter it mentions the official languages.The Chapter also acknowledges that good government and leadership in Fiji is inspired by our belief(s) in God. CHAPTER 2 - COMPACT The Compact is an agreement between the peoples of Fiji and their government. It lays down the basic principles upon which the entire Constitution is based. It strengthens the protection of the rights of all individuals, communities and groups in Fiji. at the same time it emphasises the importance of the interests of the Fijian and Rotuman people. All laws set in other parts of the Constitution must take account of these principles. CHAPTER 3 - CITIZENSHIP In this chapter it states who is or who can become a citizen of Fiji, how you can lose your citizenship, and what powers the Parliament has determining citizenship. CHAPTER 4 - BILL OF RIGHTS This chapter details your basic human rights and how they are protected by the Constitution. It is important since the state must guarantee that everyone’s rights are protected in Fiji, no matter what their race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, income, age or disability. 6 7 Fiji Islands Community Information Handbook Its purpose is to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals, and sometimes groups from ‘unnecessary interference by the state or government.
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