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The First Crossing of the Southern Alps of New Zealand Author(S): Edward A
The First Crossing of the Southern Alps of New Zealand Author(s): Edward A. Fitz Gerald Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 5 (May, 1896), pp. 483-499 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1773992 Accessed: 24-06-2016 18:50 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Fri, 24 Jun 2016 18:50:23 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE FIRST CROSSING OF THE SOUTHERN ALPS OF NEW ZEALAND. 483 :fixed by observation; 200 miles further west the dead reckoning agreed within half a mile of the longitude obtained by an occultation observed by Mr. Littledale, and compiled by Mr. Coles; and at Shushal, near the Ladak frontier, where the survey terminated, there was, after a traverse of 1700 miles, only a difference of 1J mile between Mr. Littledale's position and that given by the Trignometrical Survey of India. We not only have to thank Mr. -
PART ONE This Management Plan
F I S H AND GAME NEW ZEALAND WEST COAST REGION SPORTS FISH AND GAME MANAGEMENT PLAN To manage, maintain and enhance the sports fish and game resource in the recreational interests of anglers and hunters AIRPORT DRIVE PO BOX 179 HOKITIKA 1 2 FOREWORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN I am pleased to present the Sportsfish and Game Management Plan for the West Coast Fish and Game Council. This plan has been prepared in line with the statutory responsibilities of Fish and Game West Coast following extensive consultation with a wide range of stakeholders. It identifies issues and establishes goals, objectives, and implementation methods for all output classes. While it provides an excellent snapshot-in-time of Fish and Game West Coast it should be noted that, as well as ongoing issues, there are likely to be further challenges in the future which will have the potential to impact on angler/hunter opportunities and satisfaction. To this extent, this plan must be seen as a document designed to be capable of addressing changing requirements by way of the annual workplan and in response to ongoing input from anglers and hunters, as well as other users of fish and game habitat. The West Coast Fish and Game Council welcomes such input. Andy Harris Chairman 3 SPORTS FISH AND GAME MANAGEMENT PLAN To manage, maintain and enhance the sports fish and game resource in the recreational interests of anglers and hunters CONTENTS Foreword from the chairman ................................................. 3 Contents .................................................................................... 4 Executive summary .................................................................. 5 PART ONE This management plan ............................................................ 6 Introduction .............................................................................. 8 PART TWO Goals and objectives ............................................................ -
THE IMPORTANCE of INFREQUENT EARTHQUAKES ALONG the ALPINE FAULT by Andrew Wells
LANDSCAPE DISTURBANCE HISTORY IN WESTLAND, NEW ZEALAND: THE IMPORTANCE OF INFREQUENT EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE ALPINE FAULT A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andrew Wells Lincoln University 1998 ii ABSTRACT Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy LANDSCAPE DISTURBANCE HISTORY IN WESTLAND, NEW ZEALAND: THE IMPORTANCE OF INFREQUENT EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE ALPINE FAULT by Andrew Wells This thesis investigates landscape disturbance history in Westland since 1350 AD. Specifically, I test the hypothesis that large-magnitude regional episodes of natural disturbance have periodically devastated portions of the landscape and forest, and that these were caused by infrequent earthquakes along the Alpine Fault. Forest stand history reconstruction was used to determine the timing and extent of erosion and sedimentation events that initiated new forest cohorts in a 1412 ha study area in the Karangarua River catchment, south Westland. Over 85 % of the study area was disturbed sufficiently by erosion/sedimentation since 1350 AD to initiate new forest cohorts. During this time four episodes of catchment-wide disturbance impacted the study area, and these took place about 1825 AD ± 5 years (Ruera episode), 1715 AD ± 5 years (Sparkling episode), 1615 AD ± 5 years (McTaggart episode), and 1445 AD ± 15 years (Junction episode). The three most recent episodes disturbed 10 %, 35-40 % and 32-50 % respectively of the study area. The Junction episode disturbed at least 6 % of the study area, but elimination of evidence by more recent disturbances prevented an upper limit being defined. -
DATE: November 2019 Vol. 72 No. 10
DATE: November 2019 Vol. 72 No. 10 ARNOLD JOHN HEINE : QSM, ONZM, Polar Medal Please submit your December 2019/January 2020 H&V articles to the editor by 30th November 2019 HVTC Postal Address: PO Box 30-883, Lower Hutt: Clubrooms: Birch Street Reserve, Birch Street, Waterloo Internet: http://www.hvtc.org.nz E-mail: [email protected] President: Dennis Page 970 6901 Secretary: Murray Presland 562 8194 Trip Coordinator: Chris McMillan 569 9019 Treasurer: Jim Cousins 586 2135 Editor H&V: Bruce Miller 563 5966 [email protected] 1 BJFM/H&V/Vol72/No10 WEDNESDAY NIGHT PROGRAMME Starts 8.00 pm promptly 6 November : Andrew Robinson – Eye-Q Test 4 By popular demand Andrew brings you another quiz night that will test your powers of observation. There will be the usual spot-the-difference, there won't be hidden names, but beyond that, you'll have to wait and see (as it were). 13 November : Frank and Robyn Usmar– European Trip 2019 part. 2 The Czech Republic Following on from Pat Tristram’s talk in the Switzerland area Frank and Robyn will continue with the next leg of their travels with the Czech Castles Self-Guided Cycle Tour from Cesky Krumlov to Prague. The group visited medieval towns, castles and monasteries, while cycling through and along picturesque landscapes, forests and river trails. Sales Table run by Graeme Lythgoe. Bring your cash and your saleable items. 20 November : Owen Spearpoint – ‘The Great Unknown’ Owen will be launching his new book entitled ‘The Great Unknown; Mountain Journeys in the Southern Alps’. -
Copland Track to Welcome Flat Hut Brochure
Beyond Architect Creek the track climbs very gradually towards Palaver Creek as the valley narrows. The climb Hut fees becomes more noticeable once you have crossed Open Welcome Flat Hut and campsites must be booked year Copland Creek. After crossing the Shiels Creek bridge there is a round – hut tickets and backcountry hut passes are not short zigzag to the highest point of the track, after which valid. Bookings can be made online at www.doc.govt.nz you descend through forest before emerging at Welcome or by post, fax, email, phone or in person at DOC Visitor Track to Flat Hut. Centres, i-SITEs or DOC agents. Booking fees may apply. You must have a booking – whether you plan to stay in A hut warden will generally be present at Welcome Flat Welcome Flat Hut the hut or camp at the nearby campsite. Hut. To stay at Architect Creek hut please purchase hut The hot pools are just a short stroll from the hut with tickets before using the hut. WESTLAND TAI POUTINI NATIONAL PARK fine views of the Sierra Range on a clear day. These Welcome Flat Hut 31 bunks Serviced pools are a fragile environment so please do not use Welcome Flat Sierra Room 4 bunks (sole occupancy) track guide soaps or shampoo or dig more pools. Welcome Flat campsite 8 tent sites Remember; always keep your head above the water Architect Creek Hut 2 bunks Standard ! to avoid the risk of amoebic meningitis. Standard – 1 ticket per person/night The Upper Copland valley is accessible via a tramping track. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences Ocean and Earth Science Assessing the Use of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes as Tracers of Weathering Processes: with Evidence from the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand by Sarah L. Wright Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Abstract Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ocean and Earth Science Doctor of Philosophy by Sarah L Wright Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere have increased by >100 ppm since pre-industrial times due to the burning of fossil fuels for energy and it is now clear that the consequent warming of the climate system will have widespread impacts on human and natural systems. Chemical weathering of silicate rocks draws down CO2 from the atmosphere, but the significance of this process and the mechanisms which control weathering rates remain poorly constrained. -
Nzjfs1331983pekelharing2
247 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF BROWSING MAMMALS IN WESTLAND NATIONAL PARK IN 1978, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR IMPACT ON THE VEGETATION C J. PEKELHARING and R. N. REYNOLDS* Protection Forestry Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 31-011, Christchurch, New Zealand (Received for publication 8 July 1983; revision 7 November 1983) ABSTRACT The high country forests and scrublands of Westland National Park were surveyed by means of pellet lines during the 1977-78 summer to determine the distribution and abundance of the larger introduced mammals. The extent of canopy defoliation in the upper montane forest zone of the Park was also assessed. Brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr) were present throughout the Park with the exception of the headwaters of the Karangarua, Douglas, and Regina catchments. Highest pellet densities were recorded in the mid and upper montane forests and in the northern and southern portions of the Park (in the lower reaches of the Callery and Karangarua catchments). Possums were still in the process of colonising the lower southern bank of the Copland catchment and the upper half and lower northern bank of the Karangarua catchment. Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) pellet densities were highest in the forested zone of the lower Karangarua catchment and decreasd towards its headwaters and northwards. Numbers in the Cook catchment were low and no deer pellets were recorded in the study area north of this catchment. Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) pellets were recorded throughout the Park with highest densities around timber line in the upper forest and scrub zones. Highest pellet densities were recorded in the headwaters and lower northern bank of the Karangarua catchment and in the Callery catchment. -
Effects of Large Deep-Seated Landslides on Hillslope Morphology, Western Southern Alps, New Zealand
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, F01018, doi:10.1029/2004JF000242, 2006 Effects of large deep-seated landslides on hillslope morphology, western Southern Alps, New Zealand Oliver Korup1 Received 28 September 2004; revised 21 October 2005; accepted 12 December 2005; published 14 March 2006. [1] Morphometric analysis and air photo interpretation highlight geomorphic imprints of large landslides (i.e., affecting 1km2) on hillslopes in the western Southern Alps (WSA), New Zealand. Large landslides attain kilometer-scale runout, affect >50% of total basin relief, and in 70% are slope clearing, and thus relief limiting. Landslide terrain shows lower mean local relief, relief variability, slope angles, steepness, and concavity than surrounding terrain. Measuring mean slope angle smoothes out local landslide morphology, masking any relationship between large landslides and possible threshold hillslopes. Large failures also occurred on low-gradient slopes, indicating persistent low- frequency/high-magnitude hillslope adjustment independent of fluvial bedrock incision. At the basin and hillslope scale, slope-area plots partly constrain the effects of landslides on geomorphic process regimes. Landslide imprints gradually blend with relief characteristics at orogen scale (102 km), while being sensitive to length scales of slope failure, topography, sampling, and digital elevation model resolution. This limits means of automated detection, and underlines the importance of local morphologic contrasts for detecting large landslides in the WSA. Landslide controls on low-order drainage include divide lowering and shifting, formation of headwater basins and hanging valleys, and stream piracy. Volumes typically mobilized, yet still stored in numerous deposits despite high denudation rates, are >107 m3, and theoretically equal to 102 years of basin-wide debris production from historic shallow landslides; lack of absolute ages precludes further estimates. -
An Updated Assessment of Geothermal Direct Heat Use in New Zealand
An Updated Assessment of Geothermal Direct Heat Use in New Zealand Prepared by Brian White, Executive Officer of the NZGA East Harbour Management Services Ltd 30 June 2009 East Harbour Photograph 1: Geothermally supplied swimming pools at Waikite, Waikato region. An open channel for heat loss can be seen in the foreground. An Updated Assessment of Geothermal Direct Heat Use in New Zealand Page 1 of 36 Table of Contents Background ......................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 4 Links to Other Studies ........................................................................................................ 5 Ministry of Economic Development Energy Data File ........................................................ 5 Ministry for the Environment .............................................................................................. 5 GNS Science ..................................................................................................................... 5 Geothermal Direct Heat Use Covered by this Report ....................................................... 6 Geothermal Resources ...................................................................................................... 6 Direct Heat Use Definition ................................................................................................. 7 Geothermal -
Ecology of the Copland River Warm Springs, South Island, New Zealand
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ZEALAND ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 20, 1973 ECOLOGY OF THE COPLAND RIVER WARM SPRINGS, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND ~L .I, W1NTERBOURN Department of Zoology, Univenity of Canterbury, Christchurch SUMMARY:, An eculogical study of the alkaline Copland River warm springs in the South Island of New Zealand was made in January 1972, Maximum w~tcr tempcrature was :)70(; and the upper limit of the dominant alga Afastigocladus laminoSlis was .:>O°C. Other important ~:pecies of hlue-green algae present were Synechoc)'sti.r minuscula and Oscillatoria terebriforrnis. Fifteen species of invertebrates were found betwc_cn 26 and 3W'C including the thermophile Ephydrella thermarum, which is ofh~n abundant in North Island warm springs, and the common mosquito Culex perl'igilans which previously had not been recorded breeding in thermal waters. Observation!' m<-lde on warm spring~ at fom O!hCI South Island Iccalities are also rcronkd, INTRODUCTION Park 19 krn southeast of Fox Glacier tGwnship at an altitude of 550 In and are reached bv, a 19 km In recent years, the biolo gv, of thermal waters in walk frcm the \'.'est coast highway. the North Island of Nev.,. Zealand has been exten- sively studied and the nature of the flora and Three up\vellings of \-varm water constitute the fauna, and its distribution in relation to tempera- springs. The main spring is almost circular in ture, has been \-vell documented (Brock and Brock outline (2 In diameter) and a flow gauging weir 1970, 1971; Dumbleton 1969; \Vinterbourn 1968: has been built in its outflow channel. In January 1969; vVinterbourn and Brown 1967). -
List of Rivers of New Zealand
Sl. No River Name 1 Aan River 2 Acheron River (Canterbury) 3 Acheron River (Marlborough) 4 Ada River 5 Adams River 6 Ahaura River 7 Ahuriri River 8 Ahuroa River 9 Akatarawa River 10 Akitio River 11 Alexander River 12 Alfred River 13 Allen River 14 Alma River 15 Alph River (Ross Dependency) 16 Anatoki River 17 Anatori River 18 Anaweka River 19 Anne River 20 Anti Crow River 21 Aongatete River 22 Aorangiwai River 23 Aorere River 24 Aparima River 25 Arahura River 26 Arapaoa River 27 Araparera River 28 Arawhata River 29 Arnold River 30 Arnst River 31 Aropaoanui River 32 Arrow River 33 Arthur River 34 Ashburton River / Hakatere 35 Ashley River / Rakahuri 36 Avoca River (Canterbury) 37 Avoca River (Hawke's Bay) 38 Avon River (Canterbury) 39 Avon River (Marlborough) 40 Awakari River 41 Awakino River 42 Awanui River 43 Awarau River 44 Awaroa River 45 Awarua River (Northland) 46 Awarua River (Southland) 47 Awatere River 48 Awatere River (Gisborne) 49 Awhea River 50 Balfour River www.downloadexcelfiles.com 51 Barlow River 52 Barn River 53 Barrier River 54 Baton River 55 Bealey River 56 Beaumont River 57 Beautiful River 58 Bettne River 59 Big Hohonu River 60 Big River (Southland) 61 Big River (Tasman) 62 Big River (West Coast, New Zealand) 63 Big Wainihinihi River 64 Blackwater River 65 Blairich River 66 Blind River 67 Blind River 68 Blue Duck River 69 Blue Grey River 70 Blue River 71 Bluff River 72 Blythe River 73 Bonar River 74 Boulder River 75 Bowen River 76 Boyle River 77 Branch River 78 Broken River 79 Brown Grey River 80 Brown River 81 Buller -
Geomorphic Hazard Analyses in Tectonically-Active Mountains
Geomorphic Hazard Analyses in Tectonically-Active Mountains: Application to the Western Southern Alps, New Zealand A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Hazard and Disaster Management in the Department of Geological Sciences University of Canterbury by Theodosios Kritikos 2013 Franz Josef Glacier, West Coast, South Island New Zealand “Human society is organized for a stable earth; its whole machinery supposes that, while the other familiar elements of air and water are fluctuating and untrustworthy, the earth affords a foundation which is firm. Now and then this implied compact with nature is broken, and the ground trembles beneath our feet. At such times we feel a painful sense of shipwrecked confidence; we learn how very precious to us was that trust in the earth which we gave without question. If the disturbance be of a momentary an unimportant kind we may soon forget it, as we forget the rush word of a friend; if it be violent, we lose one of the substantial goods of life, our instinctive confidence in the earth beneath our feet” by N. S. Shaler, March 1887 “The Stability of the Earth,” Scribner’s Magazine, Vol.1, No.3, p.259. Abstract On-going population growth and urbanization increasingly force people to occupy environments where natural processes intensely affect the landscape, by way of potentially hazardous natural events. Tectonic plate boundaries, active volcanic regions and rapidly uplifting mountain ranges are prominent examples of geomorphically hazardous areas which today accommodate some of the world’s largest cities. These areas are often affected by more than one hazard such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, floods, storms and wildfires, which frequently interact with each other increasing the total impact on communities.