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University of Gour Banga (Established Under West Bengal Act XXVI of 2007) University of Gour Banga (Established under West Bengal Act XXVI of 2007) N.H.-34(Near Rabindra Bhawan), P.O.:Mokdumpur Dist.: Malda, West Bengal, Pin-732103 M.Sc. in Chemistry Two Years (Four Semesters) Syllabus 1 Main Feature of the Syllabus M.Sc. in Chemistry Theory Practical Internal Assessment Total Semester Paper Code Marks Time Paper Marks Time Marks Time Marks PC-T/01 40 2.00 Hr 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min Semester I PC-P/01 OC-T/02 40 2.00 Hr 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min 250 OC-P/02 IC-T/03 40 2.00 Hr 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min PC-T/04 40 2.00 Hr OC-P/03 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min Semester II OC-T/05 40 2.00 Hr IC-P/04 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min 250 IC-T/06 40 2.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min PC-T/07 40 2.00 Hr 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min Semester III IC-P/05 OC-T/08 40 2.00 Hr 50 3.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min 250 PC-P/06 IC-T/09 40 2.00 Hr 10 30.00 Min PC-T/10 40 2.00 Hr PC-Pro/07 or 10 30.00 Min Semester IV 6.00 Hr OC-T/11 40 2.00 Hr OC-Pro/07 or 100 10 30.00 Min 250 IC-T/12 40 2.00 Hr IC-Pro/07 10 30.00 Min Grand 480 400 120 1000 Total N.B.: PC = Physical Chemistry; OC= Organic Chemistry; IC = Inorganic Chemistry; P = Practical; Pro = Project Specialization will be designated as per Project Work 2 Detailed Syllabus Semester I Theory: Paper: PC-T/01 Unit-I: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Wave-particle duality. Uncertainty principle. Postulates of Quantum Mechanics. Schrodinger wave equation and its solution. Wavefunction and its probabilistic interpretation. Orthogonality and normalization of wavefunctions. Operator and related theorems. Linear operators. Hermitian operators. Kinetic energy operator. Eigenvalue equation. Commutation relation. Operators and observables. Heisenberg uncertainty relation (derivation of general form). Heisenberg’s equation of motion. Virial theorem. Unit-II: Free particle and Particle-in-Box Free Particle. Particle-in-Box and energy quantization. Selection Rules. Discussion on Bohr’s correspondence principle. Checking the validity of Schrodinger wave equation based on correspondence principle and Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle. Quantum Mechanical Tunneling. Unit-III: Group Theory-I Introduction to symmetry. Symmetry elements and Symmetry operations. Definition of a Group. Point symmetry groups. Group multiplication tables. Theorems of groups. Conjugate elements and class. Symmetry Operators and their Matrix Representation. Reducible and irreducible representations. Equivalent representations. Characters of representations. Unit-IV: Electrochemistry Ion association, symmetric and asymmetric ion-pair formation, Bjerrum theory, The fraction of ion-pair, Triple ion formation, Determination of ion-association constant, Activity coefficient of electrolytes, Extended Debye- Huckel theory, Pitzer equation for activity coefficient, Experimental determination of mean ionic activity coefficient. Solvation of ions, Solvation number, Frank-Wien model of ionic solvation, Born model, Thermodynamics of ionic solvation, Enthalpy and free energy of solvation of ions, Experimental determination of solvation of ion. Unit-V: Surface Chemistry and Biophysical Chemistry Surface tension, curved surfaces, Young-Laplace and Kelvin equations. Adsorption on solids, micelles reverse micelles, microemulsion, Thermodynamics of micellization, Application of micelles and microemulsion. Hydrophobic hydration, micelle formation, hydrophobic interaction, stabilization and denaturation of protein. Water structure alternation theory of denaturation of protein, protein–lipid interaction, Transport of ions and small molecules through membranes. Ion channels. Theory: Paper: OC-T/02 Unit I : Structure Activity Relationship MO treatment of acyclic and cyclic conjugated systems. Huckel treatment – applications to ethylene, allyl, cyclopropenyl, butadiene, cyclobutadiene, Graphical methods: Frost diagram. Huckel’s rule and concept of 3 aromaticity, annulenes, heteroannulenes, fullerenes (C60), alternate and non alternate hydrocarbons, anti aromaticity, pseudoaromaticity, homo-aromaticity. Hammett equation and its modifications. Unit II: Stereochemistry Acyclic systems upto 4 chiral centers. Compounds with asymmetric carbons in branched chains, symmetry, point groups. Correlation of axial dissymmetry and centrodissymmetry. Nomenclature of compounds involving axial and planar chirality. Winstein-Holness equation. Curtin Hammett principle. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, decalins and their derivatives. Effect of conformation on reactivity in acyclic compounds and cyclohexanes. Cram’s rule, Felkin modification. Unit III: Pericyclic Reactions Classification and stereochemical modes. Thermal and photopericyclic reactions, Selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, sigmatropic rearrangements, carbene addition, cheleotropic reactions. Rationalization based on Frontier M.O. approach, correlation diagrams, Dewer- Zimmermann approach, Mobius and Huckel systems. Sommelet-Hauser, Cope, aza-Cope and Claisen rearrangements, Ene Reaction. Wittig rearrangement, suitable examples of [(2П +2 П), (4П +2 П), (4П + 4П), (2П +2П+2П)] and metal catalysed cycloaddition reactions Unit-IV: NMR Spectroscopy Principles, instrumentation and different techniques (CW and FT) of NMR spectroscopy, factors influencing chemical shift, spin-spin interactions, coupling constant (J); Jablonski diagram, spin-decoupling. First order and second order spectra, spin system notations. Introduction to 13C: proton decoupled 13C spectra, NOE, cross polarization, peak integration, off resonance 13C. Unit V: Mass Spectroscopy Principles, instrumentation and applications of mass spectrometry – methods of generation of ions in EI, CI, FD and FAB, MALDI-TOF. Detection of ions, ion analysis, ion abundance, molecular ion peak, metastable peak, isotope, ion-molecule interaction and analysis of fragmentation patterns. Calculation MF from mass. Applications of Mass, UV-VIS, IR and NMR spectroscopy to structural and mechanistic problems. Theory: Paper: IC-T/03 Unit-I: Coordination Chemistry Experimental evidence of metal-ligand overlap, spin orbit coupling constant and interelectronic coupling parameters in complex ion terms-vs-free ion terms, Nephelauxetic effect, adjusted CFT, hole formalism, Tetrahedral distortion and Jahn Teller effect, Static and Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect, Effect of crystal field stabilization on ionic radii, lattice energy, hydration enthalpy and stabilization of complexes (Irving Williams order). Colour and spectra, Kinetic aspects of crystal field stabilization. Crystal field activation energy, Limitations of CFT, Labile and inert complexes. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: Microstates, Russell-sander’s terms, determination of ground and excited state terms of dn ions; Orgel diagrams (qualitative approach), selection rules for spectral transitions, d-d spectra of dn ions and crystal field parameters, nephelauxetic series. MOT to rationalize σ and π interactions in octahedral, square planar and tetrahedral metal complexes. Symmetry designations of LGOs and MOs. Simplified MO diagrams. 4 Unit-II: Theories of bonding Heitler – London theory of hydrogen molecule. Molecular Orbital theory. Salient features of valence bond theory (VBT) and molecular orbital theory (MOT). Bonding in homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules of 2nd + period. Bonding in triatomic (H3 , BeH2, H2O), tetraatomic (BH3, NH3) and CH4. MO diagrams, Walsh diagrams. Model of structure predictions: VSEPR and hybridization models, Bent’s rule. Application to H2 molecule by Valance bond theory. Unit-III: Metal – ligand equilibria in solution Stability of mononuclear, polynuclear and mixed ligand complexes in solution. Stepwise and overall formation constants and their relations. Trends in stepwise formation constants, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of the metal ions and ligands. Statistical and non-statistical factors influencing stability of complexes in solution. Stability and reactivity of mixed ligand complexes with reference to chelate effect and thermodynamic considerations. Macrocyclic and template effect. Spectrophotometric and pH metric determination of binary formation constants. Unit-IV: Organometallics I Organotransition metal chemistry: History, Nature of metal – carbon bonding and definition and classification of organometallic compounds, classification ligands, kinetic and thermodynamic stability of organometallic compounds. Compounds with metal carbon σ and multiple bond: Heptacity complexes of Metal-alkyl, -allyl, aryl, - carbene (Fischer and Schrock type), -carbonyl, -carbines and cyclopentadienyl complexes Synthesis, bonding, stability, reactivity and decomposition pathway, Reactions in organometallic compounds. Stucture and bonding in 2 3 η -ethylenic and η -allylic compounds with typical examples, structure and bonding of K[Pt(C2H4)Cl3], [(Ph3P)2Pt(Ph-C≡C-Ph)]. Fluxional organometallic compounds: Fluxionality and dynamic equilibria in compounds 2 3 such as η olefins, η allyl and dienyl complexes, techniques of study. Unit-V: Electrochemical analyses Introduction to electrochemical methods, electrochemical cells, diffusion controlled limiting current, voltage scanning polarography, shape and interpretation of polarographic wave, current – voltage relationship during electrolysis. Principles and applications of Voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography, anodic stripping voltammetry, amperometry, coulometry, electrogavimetry. 5 Practical: Paper: PC-P/01 1. Studies on the kinetics
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