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Chapter 1 PC Architecture
Chapter PC Architecture THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER: 1 1.1 Identify the names, purpose, and characteristics, of system modules. Recognize these modules by sight or definition. 1.5 Identify the names, purposes, and performance characteristics, of standardized/common peripheral ports, associated cabling, and their connectors. Recognize ports, cabling, and connectors, by sight. COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL A personal computer (PC) is a computing device made up of many distinct electronic components that all function together in order to accomplish some useful task (such as adding up the numbers in a spreadsheet or helping you write a letter). By this definition, note that we’re describing a computer as having many distinct parts that work together. Most computers today are modular. That is, they have components that can be removed and replaced with a component of similar function in order to improve performance. Each component has a very specific function. In this chapter, you will learn about the components that make up a typical PC, what their function is, and how they work together inside the PC. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, throughout this book the terms PC and computer can be used interchangeably. The components in most computers include: The case The power supply The motherboard The processor /CPU Memory Storage devices The adapter cards Display devices Ports and cables As you read this chapter, please keep in mind that many of these parts will be covered in more detail in later chapters. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a typical PC and illustrates how some of these parts fit together. -
This Chapter Covers the Following Subjects: Understanding Lid Ports
f 1 This chapter covers the following subjects: II Understanding liD Ports-This section describes the types of 110 ports used to send information to and from the processor and memory. II Understanding Input Devices-This section describes the important characteristics of keyboards, mice, biometric readers, and other input devices. II Understanding Display Types-This section describes output devices such as CRTs, LCDs, and data projectors. II Understanding Video Connector Types-This section talks about com mon video connectors such as VGA, DVI, and HDMI. II Printing Fundamentals-This section describes the basics of laser, inkjet, impact, and thermal printers. .. Understanding Multimedia Devices-This section covers the basics of multimedia devices such as webcams, digital cameras, lV:1IDI ports, micro phones, sound cards, and video capture cards. CHAPTER 3 1/0 Ports and Devices Input/output (lIO) devices enable us to control the computer and display infor mation in a variety of ways. There are a plethora of ports that connect these de vices to the computer, for example, the well-known USB port. To fully understand how to install, configure, and troubleshoot input, output, and multi media devices, you need to know the ports like the back of your hand. In this chapter you learn about serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, sound, and FireWire ports and their corresponding devices; the goal is to make you proficient with the var ious interfaces you see in the IT field. Understanding 1/0 Ports The word "port" is used often in the computer industry, and has many different meanings depending on what technology is being referred to. -
Chapter 1 Identifying Personal Computer Components
4831x.book Page 1 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chapter Identifying Personal Computer 1 Components THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER: 1.1 Identify the fundamental principles of using personal computers Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of storage devices FDD HDD CD/DVD/RW (e.g. drive speeds, media types) Removable storage (e.g. tape drive, solid state such as thumb drives, flash and SD cards, USB, external CD-RW and hard drive) Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of motherboards Form Factor (e.g. ATX/BTX, micro ATX/NLX) Components Integrated I/Os (e.g. sound, video, USB, serial, IEEE 1394 / firewire, parallel, NIC, modem) Memory slots (e.g. RIMM, DIMM) COPYRIGHTED Processor MATERIAL sockets External cache memory Bus architecture Bus slots (e.g. PCI, AGP, PCIe, AMR, CNR) EIDE/PATA SATA SCSI Technology 4831x.book Page 2 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chipsets BIOS / CMOS / Firmware Riser card / Daughter board Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of power supplies, for example: AC adapter, ATX, proprietary, voltage Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of processor / CPUs CPU chips (e.g. AMD, Intel) CPU technologies Hyperthreading Dual core Throttling Micro code (MMX) Overclocking Cache VRM Speed (real vs. actual) 32 vs. 64 bit Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of memory Types of memory (e.g. DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, DDR / DDR2, RAMBUS) Operational characteristics Memory chips (8, 16, 32) Parity versus non-parity ECC vs. non-ECC Single-sided vs. double-sided Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of display devices, for example: projectors, CRT and LCD Connector types (e.g. -
Practical: 1 Introduction to Computer Hardware
Usman Ghani 90420305686 PRACTICAL: 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTER HARDWARE : Hardware is the term used to describe the tangible parts of your computer system. This includes all of the devices, both internal and external, that connect to your computer so that it can perform all sorts of operations. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a microprocessor, or simply a processor. It is located on the motherboard and is an integrated circuit that contains millions and millions of transistors and other electrical components. 1 Usman Ghani 90420305686 Functions of the CPU: CPU performs a series of computations to carry out tasks. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) is the part of the central processing unit that performs various calculations and comparisons. Some basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Whenever the CPU wants to access a certain piece of data, the address bus will send the address to the memory, and the data bus, will receive the data from the memory. Another of the CPU's basic functions is that it can make certain decisions about how the computer is operated, and based on these decisions, the CPU can jump from one instruction to another. The CPU also has a pipelining technology that allows it to perform many different instructions simultaneously. Parts of the CPU : 1. Control Unit (CU): 2 Usman Ghani 90420305686 The control unit supervises all of the CPU's operations. It fetches the software instructions from the memory, and it also coordinates the times and order in which the instructions are carried out.