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Before the Doors Are Locked: Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offenders

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Before the Doors Are Locked: Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offenders DOCUMENT RESUME ED 338 973 CG 023 793 TITLE Before the Doors Are Locked: Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offenders. INSTITUTION Voices for Illinois Children, Chicago. SPONS AGENCY Chicago Bar Foundation, IL.; Colman Fund for the Well Being of Children and Youth. PUB DATE Sep 91 NOTE 50p. AVAILABLE FROM Voices for Illinois Children, 53 West Jackson Street Suite 515, Chicago, IL 60604 ($6.00). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE 14F01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Correctional Education; Criminals; *Delinquency; Delinquent Rehabilitation; *Rehabilitation Programs; Youth Problems IDENTIFIERS Illinois (Cook County) ABSTRACT Juvenile crime threatens the immediate safety and well-being of its victims. The cost of prossing and punishing the offender takes money from more productive purposes. If the juvenile offender either continues a life of crime or otherwise drops out of the lawful economy, the cost to the community is a long-term burden. In the early 1970s, many states introduced programs for non-violent juvenile offenders. These programs included a measure of punishment and supervision coupled with opportunities for the young person to acquire skills to enter the legal work force. These programs are known as "alternatives to detention and corrections." The most effective programs are organized case management: one or two people take responsibility for the young person. The case manager makes sure that the programs are appropriate for the young offender, monitors the juvenile's progress, and generally ensures that the young person is doing what he is supposed to be doing and getting the help he needs. But these programs are not realizing their potential. There are no vigorous plans to expand them to a greater number of youth. As a consequence some youth are ignored until they have committed enough delinquent acts to get noticed. (This report describes programs for non-violent juvenile offenders in Cook County, Illinois, and how the programs could operate if there was commitment both to safety and to getting young offenders back into the legitimate job mlrket.) (LLL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Be ore t eoors eL e Effective Alternatives toIncarceration for Non-Violent JuvenileOffenders BEST COPY AV ABLE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement MATERIAL HAS FIFFN (IRANTFII RY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION - CENTER (ERIC') Jo let \("\ (106,5 This document has been reproduced as rece,wed from the person or orgaruzatmn originating it C Minor changes hen e been maoe to improve reproduction quality Points of vie* or opinions stated In this d u TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment dO not neCessaitly represent Oltal INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." OE RI posdon or policy *MM. ek 1111111111r11111111.111 4010Thi if I A. 4i 411.-A NANN-- 0 Gerald Hoffman worksas a parcel post clerk at a bookstore in Chicago, a job he got through Jobsfor Youth. Programs like Jobs for Youthprepare disadvantaged young people fothe job market. (This photographwas produced independently of this report and bearsno relationship to cases or incidents discussed therein.) Before the Doors areLocked Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offen&rs September 1991 Voices for Illinois Children ©1991 Voices for Illinois Children 4 Voices for Illinois Children gratefully acknowledges thegenerous support of the Chicago Bar Foundation and the Colman Fund for the Well Being of Children andYouth for partially funding the research and writing of thisreport. VIC extends special thanks to its founding foundations forsignificant operating support during the years of VIC's workon this report: The Chicago Community Trust, the Colman Fund for the Well Being of Children and Youth, the Field Foundationof Illinois, the Lloyd A. Fry Foundation, the Prince Charitable Trusts, andthe Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. VAV VAV 141.77, 74; VOICES FOR ILLINOIS CHILDREN BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Dear Reader: NANCY STEVENSON CHAIR Crime worries us all because we fear for oursafety and the safety of our ADRIENNE OSBORNE IVES families.It should also worry us because of the enormouscost we pay for VICE CHAIR inmates. The budget of the Illinois prisons and for the unproductive lives of MARVIN COHEN Department of Corrections has more than tripledin inflation adjusted dollars VICE (MR in the last ten years and there is no endin sight to the demand for prison JFANETIE Brim cells. JILL RAMEY ANITA BROM Juvenile delinquency is particularly ',forgingbecause some young offenders MIMED BUNN Ill graduate to a life of crime. Some youngoffenders, however, turn away from MON CHRISMPHERSON offered them help and )0101 C. COLMAN crime either spontaneously, or because someone DR. MARY IWIDSON guidance at the same time they were beingpunished for their offences. NIANNEJ. DEC11 unrizz L HALLORAN that combined punishment with GERALD HAFICINS Illinois used to lead the nation in programs SISTER JUUA HUSICAMP help that put young offenders back onthe path to finishing their education JUDMI DENBERRY and getting their first lawful job. Many youngoffenders responded to these DR. SOIDNI EARANJA programs, and the programs werecopied across the country. For the costof GEORGE itself the $34,000 annual BLOT IEILMAN a few thousanddollars per offender, Illinois saved RICHARD MANDEL cost of keeping a person injail. JOHN A. McDERMOTT LOURDES MONTEAGUDO But in the last decade we have soreduced our committment to those DR. MARGARET OTIYNN small fraction of the young offender GEORGE RANNEX JR. successful programs that they serve only a 'ME HON. JOSEPH SCHNEIDER population. PLQUUNE R. SETTIES wan SILVERSTEIN for non-violent juvenile offendersin HEM R. WEIGLE This report describes programs designed MORTON WEIR Cook County, and how the programscould operate if we were committed BERNICE WEISSBOURD both to our safety mei to getting youngoffenders back into the legitimate job EDIBRD J. WHIMS market. JEROW SIERMER PRESIDENT We urge you to read and discussthis report, and support ourefforts to put more youngoffenders back on track. Sincerely, WA"- 4< 4-eel"if 1" Nancy Stevfrnson Chair of the Board of Directors 53 WEST JACKSON SUITE 515 CHICAGO, IL 60604 312.427.4080 312.427.7663 FAX Before The Doors Are Locked: Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offenders Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 What Happens to Juvenile OffendersNow9 9 How Many Juveniles are Delinquent? 11 How Much Does Juvenile DelinquencyCost9 13 How Do The Alternative ProgramsWork9 15 The Court Process 17 Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision 18 The Early Offender Program 20 The Unified Delinquency InterventionService (UDIS) 21 Restitution 23 Electronic Monitoring 25 Detention 26 Drug Treatment Programs 27 Appendix I Recidivism Rates in Alternative Programs 31 Appendix 71 Figure 1. Juvenile Adjudications in CookCounty, 1977-1988 33 Figure 2. Juvenile Offenses in CookCounty. Viol:rat V. Property. 1976-1988 .34 Appendix III Comparisons of Prolx.C.on Programs 35 Endnotes 36 39 Bibliography 7 Before The Doors Are Locked Executive Summary Before The Doors Are Locked: Effective Alternatives to Incarceration for Non-Violent Juvenile Offenders Executive Summary Juvenile crime is a triple threat.It threatens the immediate safety and well-being of its victims.The cost of processing and punishing the offender takes moneyfrom more productive purposes.Lastly, if the juvenile offender either stays with a life of crime or otherwise drops out of the lawful economy, the cost to the communityis a long-term burden. In the early 1970s, many states introduced programs fornon-violent juvenile offenders. These programs would include a measure of punishment andsupervision coupled with opportunities for the young person to get back on the track ofacquiring skills to enter the legal work force. Once the community's short term safety was assured,the emphasis shifted to long term safety, that isincreasing the number of juvenile offenders who become productive adults. These programs met with some success. They were not panaceasfor failing schools, or impoverished communities, or job loss but they did place a numberof young people back on track at a much lower costthan incarceration. Illinois has such programs, but funding for them declined in yearsof fiscal crisis. That funding was not restored in better times, not because the programshad critics, but because the programs lacked supporters. These programs are known as "alternatives to detention andcorrections", and there are several small scale model programs in Cook County. The mosteffective programs are organized through a case management process: one or two peopletake responsibility for the young person. The case managermakes sure that the programs are appropriate for the young offender, monitors thejuvenile's progress and generally ensures that the young person is doing what he is supposed to be doing and getting thehelp he most needs. But these programs are not realizing theirpotential. The programs are not well known. There are no vigorous plans to expandthem to a greater number of youth. In consequence some youth are ignored until they have committed enoughdelinquent acts to get noticed. These youth who do not need to be incarcerated are sent either tothe juvenile court's detention
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