MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSING, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN OF KIAMBU - NGEWA – KIBICHOI-THIKA (B30) ROAD Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study Report March 2020 IN ASSOCIATION WITH ITEC and VeJTECH Consult Ltd Authentication page Consultant’s Address and authorized NEMA registered signatory Designation Lead Expert. NEMA Reg. No. 916. Signature Date ……………9th March 2020……………….. For: Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) P.O Box 49712-00100 NAIROBI +254 (20) 8013842 [email protected] I the undersigned confirm that the contents of this report are a true representation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment project report of the proposed of Kiambu - Ngewa – Kibichoi-Thika (B30) Road. Submitted by: ……………………………………………………… Designation: ……………………………………………………….. Signature: ……………………………………………………. Date: …………………………………………………………….. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background of the Project The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) has earmarked funds through the Development Vote for use in engaging the consultancy services to undertake preliminary and detailed engineering design of Feasibility Study, Environmental and Social Impact Study, Preliminary and Detailed Engineering Design of Kiambu – Ngewa –Kibichoi (B30) Road. Through the government's implementing agency, the Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) will require the implementing Consultancy firm to render all technical support services relevant to this exercise. The detailed description of the consulting services to be performed is described in these Terms of Reference (TOR). The study for design shall incorporate design for access roads to key Government institutions including but not limited to schools, colleges and other Government offices. Major loop roads and through townships and bypasses or market centers along the road shall also be included. Also design of interchanges where necessary shall be undertaken. The ESIA study will provide the decision makers in the Government of Kenya, with sufficient environmental and social related information to construct sections of the road to all-weather bitumen road while rehabilitating and/or improving some sections to serve the estimated future traffic. This may include widening or dualling sections of the road as may be demanded by the traffic studies. The hereby ESIA details on the positive and negative effects of the development, recommended appropriate solutions to minimize any undesirable effects resulting from improvements of the road. Project Description The road is entirely located in Kiambu County. Although the project title is Kiambu – Ngewa – Kibichoi (B30) road which is approximately 22km long, the scope of work extends beyond, covering the entire B30 road. It is approximately 62 kilometres and commences on a Junction B32/B30 (Kiambu road, opposite Kiambu Institute of Science and Technology) and proceeds through Kirigiti, Riabai, Ngewa, Kibichoi, Nembu, Ichaweri, Gatundu, Kang’oo, Mang’u and ends at Junction B30/A2 Thika Super Highway. Summarized herewith are the road sections that have been subjected to an environmental impact assessment. Length Road Section Task/Requirements (in Km) Kiambu - Ngewa Design to dual carriageway road standards 12 Design to single carriageway rural road Ngewa - Kibichoi 10 standards Kibichoi -Nembu -Icaweri Road capacity and pavement evaluation 11 Ichaweri - Gatundu - Kang’oo Road capacity and pavement evaluation 11 Design to single carriageway rural road Kang’oo - Mang’u 4 standards Mang’u - Junction B30/A2 Thika Design to dual carriageway road standards 14 Highway Total 62 i Project Cost The rates and prices for major items have been generated from first principles taking into account direct costs (labour input cost, construction plant and equipment owning and operating charges, temporary materials, permanent materials inclusive of wastage) and indirect costs including insurance/risk coverage and contractor’s overheads and profit. The unit cost rates used in the Engineers Estimate have been moderated by comparing the rates derived with actual contract rates from ongoing and recently completed road projects congruous to the B30 road. Construction Cost Supervision Cost Total project cost Option 1 KSh. 10,441,645,568.32 KSh. 10,781,363,168.32 KSh. 339,717,600 Option 2 KSh. 10,628,638,614.92 KSh. 10,968,356,214.92 Purpose and Objectives of the Project The ESIA study will provide the decision makers in the Government of Kenya, with sufficient information to construct sections of the road to all-weather bitumen road while rehabilitating and/or improving some sections to serve the estimated future traffic. This may include widening or dueling sections of the road as may be demanded by the traffic studies. The purpose of this study and its overall objective is to ensure that all the environmental concerns are integrated in the implementation of the project cycle in order to contribute to sustainable development of the general project area and areas in close proximity to it. There is the need to assess the potential environmental impacts and socioeconomic conditions which will be associated with the activities for the proposed initiative. Secondly, the study is intended to propose workable mitigation measures and thirdly to formulate an environmental management and monitoring plan articulating the mitigation measures, responsible persons, frequency of monitoring, required resources, time frame for its implementation and possible costs. The specific objectives are:- To identify direct or indirect impacts to the natural and human environment and after acquiring a road corridor of 40 meters. To gain public views, concern and value in regards to the proposed project by consulting key stakeholders, PAPs living or have property in close proximity to the proposed project, interested parties and key informants. To determine the significance levels of the identified impacts. To recommend preventive, mitigation and compensative measures for the significant negative impacts of the project on human and natural environment. Conduct census of all the PAPs and develop a full Resettlement Action Plan Undertake comprehensive Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) and Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) for each of the proposed transport development option. To develop an environmental, social management and monitoring plan (EMMP) for the identified impacts. ii Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999 provides for the establishment of a legal and institutional framework for the management of the environment and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto. Under EMCA, there are several subsidiary legislations and guidelines which govern environmental management and are relevant to the project implementation. On social issues related to the project, relevant legislations to the project includes the Kenya National Aids Strategic Plan, Sexual offence Act on prevention and the protection of all persons from harm from unlawful sexual acts, especially youth and the vulnerable persons in close proximity to the project sites. Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline Conditions of the Project Area Physical Environment The project area is within the lower highland topographical zone of Kiambu. The area is characterised by hills, plateaus, and high-elevation plains. The area lies between 1,500-1,800 metres above sea level and is generally a dairy zone though some activities like maize, small scale farming and horticultural crops are also practiced. The annual rainfall varies, with higher areas receiving as high as 2,000 mm and lower areas of Thika Town constituency receiving as low as 600 mm. The average rainfall received by the county is 1,200 mm. The mean temperature within the project area ranges from 7oC in the some parts of Gatundu North, Gatundu South to 34oC in the lower midland zone found partly in Thika town. Land Use Within the areas traversed by the project road, there are three categories of land that were identified, viz., public land is approximately 5%, community land 0.01%, whereas private land is approximately 94.99%. Most of the land within the proposed road corridor is privately owned. The average mean holding size of land is approximately 0.045 hectares on small scale and 69.5 hectares on large scale. The small land holdings are mostly found in upper parts of Gatundu North and Gatundu South. There is a trend of land use changes, whereby the percentage of existing agricultural land is being overtaken by other land use, especially real estate. Gender Issues. The study approached more females (56%) as compared to males (44%). During the construction phase, the project proponent should therefore factor in gender based programs which aim at including females who might be under-represented though they are the majority in regards to project implementation and benefits. iii Summary of the Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts and Mitigation Measures Anticipated Social Economic Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Impacts Pre-construction Phase Carry out a comprehensive RAP to address PAPs issues of concern in Loss of land, livelihood and land acquisition and road alignment property through road process. alignment. The road corridor Hold a consultative meeting with Surveying and will change to 40 meters, 20m key stakeholders to seek project road alignment on each side. Land and acceptance.