Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History

Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History CRATERS OF THE MOON Administrative History ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho By David Louter 1992 CULTURAL RESOURCES DIVISION PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION SEATTLE, WASHINGTON TABLE OF CONTENTS adhi/index.htm Last Updated: 27-Sep-1999 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/index.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:06 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Table of Contents) CRATERS OF THE MOON Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DEDICATION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A Weird and Beautiful Place Purpose of Report and Methods Chapter 2 SETTING AND SIGNIFICANCE Location Purpose Geologic Significance Resources Chapter 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early History Monument Movement Chapter 4 LAND ISSUES AND LEGISLATIVE HISTORY The Northern Unit 1928 Addition 1930 Withdrawal 1931 Exchange Bill 1936 Deletion Boundary Adjustments Martin Mine--Last of the Private Land Other Land Issues 1941 Highway Cession 1952 School Lands Condemnation 1962 Carey Kipuka Addition 1970 Wilderness Designation Park versus Monument Chapter 5 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/contents.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:07 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Table of Contents) ADMINISTRATIVE EVOLUTION Overview of NPS History and National Monuments Overview of Craters of the Moon's Administration Early Years The New Deal The War Years The Superintendents and the Postwar Era Mission 66 Post-Mission 66 Era Chapter 6 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Overview of NPS Trends in Resource Management Resource Management at Craters of the Moon Program Development Natural Resource Management Geologic Resources Setting Guidelines Site-specific Discussion--Frontcountry Features Vegetation Grazing Control of Exotic Species Fire Ecology and Management Carey Kipuka Wildlife Management Program Development Law Enforcement and Hunting Reintroduction of Extirpated Species Water Resources Ice and Waterholes Administrative Supply Air Quality Management Program Development Idaho National Engineering Laboratory External Threats--Some Past and Present Concerns Cultural Resource Management Chapter 7 RECREATION MANAGEMENT Skiing Wilderness/Backcountry Management Windshield Tourists Chapter 8 INTERPRETATION Overview of Interpretation at Craters of the Moon The Program: Personal and Nonpersonal Services Chapter 9 DEVELOPMENTS http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/contents.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:07 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Overview of NPS Development Trends The Compact Monument: A Development Overview The Physical Plant Roads Trails Buildings and Visitor Facilities Chapter 10 CONCESSIONS Concessions: A Short History Guide Services Crater Inn: Hard Luck Business and Forgotten Rustic The Blizzard Mountain Junction: Testing the Policy Chapter 11 CONCLUSION ENDNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES A. Chronology of Key Events B. Copies of Key Legislation C. Key Personnel D. Visitation Figures <<< Previous <<< Contents>>> Next >>> adhi/contents.htm Last Updated: 29-Oct-1999 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/contents.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:07 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Acknowledgments) CRATERS OF THE MOON Administrative History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writing of this history depended upon many people. For the opportunity, I am indebted to John Findlay, my advising professor at the University of Washington, who recommended me for this job. I am equally indebted to Stephanie Toothman, chief of the Cultural Resources Division of the Pacific Northwest Regional Office, who hired and guided me through this project with a steady hand. Research was a collaborative effort. I would like to thank Barry Mackintosh, the Park Service's bureau historian, for fielding my questions on agency history; Tom Durant, the NPS photo librarian, for helping me track down historic photos; and Jane Merritt, fellow graduate student and project historian, for retrieving files from the National Archives. I owe a special thanks to Marian Schenck, Horace Albright's daughter, who shared with me her father's impressions of the monument. For assisting me in obtaining records from the National Archives and Record Center--Pacific Northwest Region, I thank Dwight Grinolds. At the Pacific Sierra Region, Kathleen O'Connor and Richard Boyden worked long distance to cut through red tape and to locate and send me important monument records, an invaluable service. In Idaho, Elizabeth Jacox assisted me with the Idaho State Historical Society's collections and willingly researched over the phone. I am particularly grateful for the assistance of Allan Virta and Mary Carter at Boise State University Library's Special Collections. The library's manuscripts were critical to the study of the monument's history, and both Allan and Mary were highly supportive and helpful. The librarians of the Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Nancy Hori, Mary Ellen Bartholomew, and Richard Aroksaar, deserve high honors for their enthusiastic support, interest, and energy in helping me with research questions and countless interlibrary loans. I am also thankful for the assistance of others in the regional office. Kathy Jope tutored me in resource management, Rick Wagner in land issues, and Glenn Hinsdale in interpretation. Members of the Cultural Resources Division shared their knowledge of the monument as well as their humor and made me feel at home. In particular I extend my thanks to Marsha Tolon for helping me with the report's graphics, Claudia Chalden for transcribing interviews, and Associate Regional Director Richard Winters for his encouragement. Regional Historian Gretchen Luxenberg created the monument's archives and started its administrative history file prior to my arrival, and was a tireless source of enthusiasm, support, and criticism. She read every word of this tome--twice. I perhaps owe her the greatest debt. But that honor goes to the former and present staff of Craters of the Moon. For their candid interviews and valuable assistance, I thank Dan Davis, Roger Contor, Paul Fritz, Robert Hentges, Robert Scott, Jon Jarvis, Robert Zink, Ed Menning, Robert Reynolds, David Clark, Neil King, Lora Hall, Shelly Hall, Bruce Edmonston, and Lee Taylor. Through them I gained a better understanding of the monument and its management. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/ack.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:08 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Acknowledgments) To all those individuals and institutions who assisted me in research, read and commented on this document, and to those I may have forgotten, I also offer my sincere thanks. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Rebekah, a geologist who taught me to see the beauty of rocks and to know their names, and to appreciate places like Craters of the Moon. DEDICATION To the past, present, and future staff of Craters of the Moon National Monument. May this help. <<< Previous <<< Contents>>> Next >>> adhi/ack.htm Last Updated: 27-Sep-1999 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/ack.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:08 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Chapter 1) CRATERS OF THE MOON Administrative History Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION A WEIRD AND BEAUTIFUL PLACE Today, we open to the public for another year a different type of national monument. This is a scene of desolation, it is true, but it was not manufactured by shot and shell. It was created by terrific winds that whirled out of space over a boiling earth. It was created by the settling of the earth's crust into its final shape hundreds of thousands of years ago. Time has no reckoning here--only the works the Creator put here forever show us the wonders of the firmament. This park is aptly named Craters of the Moon. It is a weird spot, yet beautiful. Its mysteries half revealed in laval ridges are the mysteries of a celestial birth, the origin of the planet. Now the roarings are stilled and the lava no longer flows. But the spirit of the place remains, impressive and awesome beyond anything constructed by man. Governor Clarence A. Bottolfsen on Opening Day, May 7, 1939 [1] On May 2, 1924, President Calvin Coolidge created Craters of the Moon National Monument. The monument preserves around 53,500 acres of volcanic formations and lava flows on the northern rim of the Snake River Plain in southcentral Idaho. A desolate yet sublime landscape that could only be described as "weird," the monument has never failed to inspire, if not evoke ambivalent responses from even its most ardent supporters left speechless by the unusual lava terrain. As with anything unusual, a better understanding of the volcanic region increased the appreciation of its national significance. The monument's founding document reflected this trend, stating that Craters of the Moon's purpose was to preserve "a remarkable fissure eruption," its associated features, all of which were of scientific and educational value and general interest, contained in a "weird and scenic landscape peculiar to itself." For nearly seventy years, its has been the challenge of the National Park Service to manage this weird and beautiful place, to protect its scenic, natural, and historic resources, while providing for the educational needs and enjoyment of the visiting public. PURPOSE OF REPORT AND METHODS Although the monument's founding document gives the National Park Service general direction, federal regulations and agency policies further define the Service's responsibilities. The Park Service's Cultural Resource Management Guideline (NPS-28) calls for preparation of an administrative history for each unit in the National Park System. These studies http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/crmo/adhi/chap1.htm[1/8/2013 12:35:09 PM] Craters of the Moon NM & Pres: Administrative History (Chapter 1) document the history of the park unit itself; they record the evolution of its management and programs in order to familiarize new superintendents, staff, and other agency officials with the area, and provide them with a historical basis for future management decisions.

Load more