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Atraphaxis Radkanensis (Polygonaceae), a New Species from Iran
Ann. Bot. Fennici 50: 372–374 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 10 October 2013 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2013 Atraphaxis radkanensis (Polygonaceae), a new species from Iran Solmaz Tavakkoli1, Shahrokh Kazempour Osaloo1,*, Valiollah Mozaffarian2 & Ali Asghar Maassoumi2 1) Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran (*corresponding author’ e-mails: [email protected], skosaloo@gmail. com) 2) Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran 13185-116, Iran Received 8 Apr. 2013, final version received 17 June 2013, accepted 20 June 2013 Tavakkoli, S., Kazempour Osaloo, S., Mozaffarian, V. & Maassoumi, A. A. 2013: Atraphaxis rad- kanensis (Polygonaceae), a new species from Iran. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 50: 372–374. Atraphaxis radkanensis Tavakkoli, Kaz. Osaloo & Mozaff. (Polygonaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from NE Iran. Atraphaxis radkanensis is very similar to A. seravschanica, and both of them are placed in the section Tragopyrum. Atrap- haxis radkanensis is characterized by oblong-ovate leaves, a puberulent indumentum on both surfaces of the leaves and twigs, a mostly terminal inflorescence, as well as by small-sized achenes. Atraphaxis belongs to the tribe Polygoneae of of the floral characters such as the number of Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae (Sanchez perianth segments, stamens and style as well as et al. 2011). The genus comprises 30 species achene shape, Atraphaxis has been divided into distributed in northern Africa and Eurasia, with two subgenera: Atraphaxis (as Euatraphaxis) the greatest diversity in Central Asia (Pavlov and Tragopyrum (Pavlov 1936) or two sec- 1936, Cullen 1967, Rechinger & Schiman- tions: Atraphaxis and Tragopyrum (Rechinger Czeika 1968, Brandbyge 1993, Qaiser 2001, & Schiman-Czeika 1968). -
Japanese Knotweed Fallopia Japonica (Houtt.) R. Decr. Or Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb
Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) R. Decr. or Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) R. Decr. or Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt ex Maxim. Bohemian knotweed Fallopia × bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey or Polygonum ×bohemicum (J. Chrtek & Chrtkovß) Zika & Jacobson [cuspidatum ×sachalinense] Family: Polygonaceae Synonyms for Fallopia japonica: Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Moldenke, P. zuccarinii (Small) Small, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. var. compactum (Hook. f.) Bailey, P. zuccarinii Small, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Other common names: Japanese bamboo, fleeceflower, Mexican bamboo Synonyms for Fallopia sachalinensis: Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai, Tiniaria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Janchen Other common names: none Synonyms for Fallopia x bohemica: none Other common names: none Invasiveness Rank: 87 The invasiveness rank is calculated based on a species’ ecological impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and response to control measures. The ranks are scaled from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a plant that poses no threat to native ecosystems and 100 representing a plant that poses a major threat to native ecosystems. Description Japanese knotweed is a perennial plant that grows from long, creeping rhizomes. Rhizomes are thick, extensive, and 5 to 6 meters long. They store large quantities of carbohydrates. Stems are stout, hollow reddish-brown, swollen at the nodes, and 1 ¼ to 2 ¾ meters tall. Twigs often zigzag slightly from node to node. Leaves are alternate, 5 to 15 cm long, and broadly ovate with more or less truncate bases and acuminate tips. They have short petioles. Plants are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Inflorescences are many-flowered, branched, open, and lax. -
Reynoutria Japonica Houtt. © Morvant Y
Reynoutria japonica Houtt. © Morvant Y. CBN Méditerranéen de Porquerolles La Renouée du Japon Plantae, Spermatophytes, Angiospermes, Dicotylédones, Caryophyllales, Polygonaceae Synonymes : Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. Polygonum reynoutria Makino Polygonum sieboldii Reinw. ex de Vries Polygonum zuccarinii Small Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Siebold & Zucc.) H. Gross Tiniaria cuspidata (Houtt.) Hedberg Fiche réalisée par la Fédération des Conservatoires botaniques nationaux Description générale Plante herbacée, vivace rhizomateuse, à port buissonnant. Annuellement, elle forme des tiges aériennes robustes, souvent tachetées de rouge (forme de lenticelle) et pouvant atteindre 3 m de hauteur et 4 cm de diamètre, formant de vastes massifs denses. Elle possède des rhizomes, tiges souterraines bien développées et lignifiées, assurant la pérennité de la plante et permettant la reproduction végétative. Elles peuvent atteindre 15-20 m de long et pénétrer dans le sol jusqu'à 2-3 m de profondeur. Des racines adventives sont émises des rhizomes. Son limbe foliaire est largement ovale, atteignant 20 cm de long et est brusquement tronqué à la base. Les fleurs de couleur blanc-crème et blanc verdâtre se développent en panicule plus ou moins lâches de 8-12 cm de longueur. Biologie/Ecologie Reproduction Plante dioïque (pied mâle et pied femelle) à floraison automnale (août-octobre) et pollinisation entomophile. Reproduction sexuée : En France, seuls des individus mâles stériles sont connus sur le territoire. La formation de graines est réalisée par fécondation croisée avec le pollen de Reynoutria sachalinensis, donnant naissance à un hybride Reynoutria x bohemica. La production de graines viables est rare et les plantules sont généralement bloquées dans leur développement. -
Karymorphological and Molecular Studies on Seven Species in Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae) in Egypt
Chromosome Botany (2012) 7: 17-22 © Copyright 2012 by the International Society of Chromosome Botany Karymorphological and molecular studies on seven species in Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae) in Egypt Magdy Hussein Abd El-Twab1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid and Hagar Ata A. Mohamed Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519, El-Minia City, Egypt 1Author for correspondence: ([email protected]) Received January 22, 2012; accepted February 29, 2012 ABSTRACT. Seven species in four genera of the Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae) in Egypt were subjected to karyomorphological and molecular studies in order to identify their chromosomal characteristics and investigate their phylogenetical relationships by the conventional staining method and the 5S rDNA PCR. Seed germination after treatment with low temperature stratifi cation and acidifi cation by concentrated H2SO4 was studied. Three rates of germination were obtained in response to the cold stratifi cation and acidifi cation: 1) High in Polygonum equisetiforme, Persicaria lanigera, Pe. lapathifolia and Pe. salicifolia; 2) low in Rumex dentatus; 3) no effect in R. pictus and Emex spinosa. Variation in the chromosome complements number, length and structure were detected for Po. equisetiforme (2n=58; new count); Pe. lanigera (2n=40; new count); Pe. lapathifolia (2n=22); Pe. salicifolia (2n=60); Emex spinosa (2n=18; a new count); Rumex dentatus (2n=40); and R. pictus (2n=18; a new count). Eighteen polymorphic bands of 5S rDNA were used to determine the similarities among the taxa with the similarity coeffi cient ranging between 0.2 and 0.67. KEYWORDS: Acidifi cation, Chromosomes, 5S rDNA, Polygonaceae, Stratifi cation. The Polygonaceae is cosmopolitic to temperate regions have been widely used to elucidate generic relationships (Täckholm 1974; Boulos 1999). -
Fallopia Multiflora Var. Angulata, a New Combination in the Polygonaceae from China
Fallopia multiflora var. angulata, a New Combination in the Polygonaceae from China Yan Hanjing,1,2 Fang Zhijian,2 Zhang Hongyi,2 and Yu Shixiao1* 1School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China 2School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China *Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Taxonomic evaluation of Polygonum the outer three larger and winged on the abaxial multiflorum Thunb. var. angulatum S. Y. Liu surface, and the apex of the wings retuse (vs. apex (Polygonaceae) reveals that a new combination in entire in variety multiflorum). However, P. multi- Fallopia Adans. is necessary, and the name F. florum var. angulatum was considered only a multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson var. angulata (S. Y. cultivated variant of F. multiflora in the Flora of Liu) H. J. Yan, Z. J. Fang & Shi Xiao Yu is proposed. China treatment of the Polygonaceae (Li, 1998). The new variety differs from the typical one by its We examined the bioactive components of Polyg- square branchlets with longitudinal ridges that are onum multiflorum Thunb. [[ Fallopia multiflora densely papillate and by its root tubers with a greater (Thunb.) Haraldson var. multiflora] collected from abundance of fibers and abnormal vascular strands seven provinces in China and compared these to two evident in anatomical cross section. accessions of P. multiflorum var. angulatum from Key words: China, Fallopia, Guangxi, Polygona- Tianyang County, Guangxi (Table 1). The bioactive ceae. components of variety angulatum differed remark- ably from those of the typical variety (Fu et al., 2006; In The Polygoneae of Eastern Asia, Steward (1930) Yan et al., 2007). -
Biopesticides-Fact-Sheet-Final.Pdf
EXTENSION AND ADVISORY TEAM FACT SHEET SEPT 2020 | ©Perennia 2020 BIOPESTICIDES FOR FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS By Caitlin Congdon and Matthew Peill, Agri-Services, Perennia Food and Agriculture INTRODUCTION INORGANIC CHEMICALS WITH MULTI-SITE ACTIVITY The key to disease management in organic farming systems (GROUP M1 AND M2): is integrated pest management (IPM) practices to prevent Sulphur and copper are two of the oldest agricultural disease introduction and development. Various products can pesticides. Sulphur has been used since 1000 B.C. Bordeaux be used to manage disease. Organic disease control products mixture (copper sulphate and slack lime) has been in use are generally derived from naturally occurring chemicals since the 1800s. Both sulphur (Group M2) and copper (ex. coppers, sulphurs), biologically derived compounds (ex. (Group M1) have multi-site activity and work by interfering plant extracts, oils) or beneficial microorganisms for pest with the biochemical pathways of pathogens, either killing management. In recent years, there has been a push for the them or reducing their growth rate. development and use of biopesticides by the agriculture industry at large, which, while biologically derived, are not Sulphur always registered for certified organic production. There may also be differences between certifiers regarding which Sulphur can be used as both a miticide and a fungicide and products are permitted. Organic products can be an effective is generally available as elemental sulphur ex. Cosavet DF addition to conventional pesticide programs as part of a Edge. Sulphur products are applied foliarly and are contact holistic IPM program. fungicides which permeate the cell wall of germinating fungal spores and interfere with its metabolic functions. -
Biology and Control of the Invasive Fallopia Taxa
Preface This thesis was written at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences (IPV). Lab and greenhouse/garden experiments were carried out at Bioforsk Plant Health in Ås. Supervisors of the thesis are Lars Olav Brandsæter (Associate Professor at NMBU and researcher in weed science at Bioforsk Plant Health, Ås) and Helge Sjursen, (researcher in weed science at Bioforsk Plant Health, Ås). Experiment 1 was made possible through generous financial support from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. 1 Acknowledgements My greatest thanks go to my supervisors, Lars Olav Brandsæter and Helge Sjursen, for all help, steady guidance and invaluable encouragement during the work with this thesis. Thank you for an educational and enjoyable time as your student, which has increased my interest in weed biology! A great thank also to May Bente Brurberg and Abdelhameed Elameen for all help and guidance on the genetic part of this study, and for reading through my thesis, providing valuable comments. A great thank to Even Sannes Riiser for all help with the barcoding experiment, and to Grete Lund for good and patient teaching in molecular methods. Thank you all for introducing me to the interesting field of genetics and for sharing your expertise and experience. I am greatly thankful to John P. Bailey at the University of Leicester, UK, for providing the control sample of Fallopia japonica used in the genetic analyses, for kindly taking the time to look at my herbarium specimens, and for helpful and inspiring email communication about Fallopia. I would also like to thank Marit Helgheim and Kjell Wernhus for their contributions on the fieldwork, Inger S. -
Diversity of Members of Polygonaceae
1 Plant Archives Vol. 19, Supplement 2, 2019 pp. 157-164 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 DIVERSITY OF MEMBERS OF POLYGONACEAE FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA Payel Paul & Monoranjan Chowdhury* Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. * [email protected] [corresponding author] Abstract Polygonaceae is an economically important angiospermic plant family and mostly distributed in moist areas of plains and hilly areas. Present study recorded the occurrence of 36 taxa representing 9 genera of Polygonaceae growing in wild, home gardens, roadsides and cultivated areas from different parts of West Bengal. Among the recorded taxa, 22 species have medicinal values, 10 species are edible, and 4 ornamental. Key Words : Polygonaceae; diversity; distribution; uses; West Bengal; India. of topography including high altitude Himalayan ranges Introduction from North, sub -Himalayan Terai, Duars, Central Bengal is Polygonaceae are known informally as the knotweed part of great Gangetic plains and Southern and Western family or smartweed-buckwheat family and the type genus plateau, and salt water great Gangetic estuarine and coastal is Polygonum , first coined by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in areas of Southern Bengal. The area is basically located in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum . Due to presence of sub-tropical region and facing the heavier rainfall during many swollen nodes on stem, the family name has derived as summer and monsoon seasons and three pre-dominant Greek words poly means many and goni means knee or joint. seasons namely pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon The family comprises about 1200 species of 56 genera are quite prominently recognizable. -
The Japanese Knotweed Invasion Viewed As a Vast Unintentional Hybridisation Experiment
Heredity (2013) 110, 105–110 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/13 www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Japanese knotweed invasion viewed as a vast unintentional hybridisation experiment J Bailey Chromosome counts of plants grown from open-pollinated seed from Japanese knotweed around the world have revealed the presence of extensive hybridisation with both native and other introduced taxa. These hybrids fit into three categories: inter- and intraspecific hybrids involving the taxa of Fallopia section Reynoutria (giant knotweeds), hybrids between Japanese knotweed and F. baldschuanica (Regel) Holub and hybrids between Japanese knotweed and the Australasian endemics of the genus Muehlenbeckia. In this minireview, the viability of the different classes of hybrid and the potential threats they pose are discussed in the context of recent examples of allopolyploid speciation, which generally involve hybridisation between a native and an alien species. Such wide hybridisations also challenge accepted taxonomic classifications. Japanese knotweed s.l. provides a fascinating example of the interplay between ploidy level, hybridisation and alien plant invasion. The octoploid (2n ¼ 88) Fallopia japonica var. japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene is a single female clone throughout much of its adventive range, and provides an ideal system for investigating the potential for wide hybridisation. Heredity (2013) 110, 105–110; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.98; published online 5 December 2012 Keywords: Fallopia; gynodioecy; polyploidy; invasive alien plant INTRODUCTION conveniently referred to as Japanese knotweed s.l.Theseareallgiant Although the threat to biodiversity posed by exotic invasive species rhizomatous herbs originating from Asia, they are gynodioecious, has long been recognised, less attention has been paid to the role of with hermaphrodite and male-sterile (female) individuals. -
Reynoutria Sachalinensis (F
Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai La Renouée de Sakhaline Plantae, Spermatophytes, Angiospermes, Dicotylédones, Caryophyllales, Polygonaceae Synonymes : Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr. Pleuropterus sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Moldenke Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai Tiniaria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Janch. © Quéré E. CBN Brest Fiche réalisée par la Fédération des Conservatoires botaniques nationaux Description générale Plante herbacée, vivace rhizomateuse, à port buissonnant. Annuellement, elle forme des tiges aériennes robustes, légèrement striées, creuses sauf au niveau des núuds et de couleur verdâtre. Elles peuvent atteindre 4 m de hauteur et 4 cm de diamètre, formant de vastes massifs denses. La plante possède des rhizomes, tiges souterraines bien développées et lignifiées, assurant la pérennité de la plante et permettant la reproduction végétative. Elles peuvent atteindre 15-20 m de long et pénétrer dans le sol jusqu'à 2-3 m de profondeur. Des racines adventives sont émises des rhizomes. Les feuilles présentent un limbe foliaire ovale à ovale-oblong, nettement cordé pour les feuilles basales. D'une longueur moyenne de 25 cm à 30,5 cm, voire 40 cm, il est terminé par une pointe large et peu aiguë. Les nervures des feuilles basales présentent une pilosité allongée (longueur supérieure à 3 mm) sur la face inférieure du limbe Les fleurs de couleur jaune se développent en panicule plus ou moins lâches de 8-12 cm de longueur. Biologie/Ecologie Reproduction Plante dioïque (pied mâle et pied femelle) à floraison automnale (septembre-octobre) et pollinisation entomophile. Reproduction sexuée : En Europe, la Renouée de Sakhaline est représentée par des pieds femelles et des pieds mâles. -
Reynoutria Spp.) in Croatia
BioInvasions Records (2019) Volume 8, Issue 1: 175–189 CORRECTED PROOF Research Article “Flying under the radar” – how misleading distributional data led to wrong appreciation of knotweeds invasion (Reynoutria spp.) in Croatia Nina Vuković1, Vedran Šegota1, Antun Alegro1,*, Nikola Koletić1, Anja Rimac1 and Stjepan Dekanić2 1University of Zagreb, Department of Biology, Division of Botany, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2Perceptives Ltd., Koprivnička ulica 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Author e-mails: [email protected] (NV), [email protected] (VS), [email protected] (AA), [email protected] (NK), [email protected] (AR), [email protected] (SD) *Corresponding author Citation: Vuković N, Šegota V, Alegro A, Koletić N, Rimac A, Dekanić S (2019) Abstract “Flying under the radar” – how misleading th distributional data led to wrong Knotweeds were introduced into Europe in the 19 century and soon after became appreciation of knotweeds invasion aggressive invaders. While R. japonica and R. sachalinensis arrived from Asia, (Reynoutria spp.) in Croatia. BioInvasions their hybrid Reynoutria × bohemica is believed to originate from the introduced Records 8(1): 175–189, range. Revised material shows that R. × bohemica has occurred in Europe since at https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.1.19 least 1872, but was frequently misidentified as one of the parents. For that reason, Received: 15 January 2018 the hybrid was detected relatively late in many European countries, meaning that it Accepted: 29 October 2018 was silently spreading throughout the region for a long time. The present study was Published: 12 February 2019 conducted in Croatia, where the parental species have been recorded since the 19th Handling editor: Giuseppe Brundu century, the hybrid, however, not being recognized until very recently, although it Thematic editor: Stelios Katsanevakis has probably been present for decades. -
A New Genus in Polygonaceae Based on Conventional Maximum Parsimony and Three-Taxon Statement Analyses of a Comprehensive Morphological Dataset
Phytotaxa 314 (2): 151–194 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.2.1 Persepolium (Polygoneae): A new genus in Polygonaceae based on conventional Maximum Parsimony and Three-taxon statement analyses of a comprehensive morphological dataset OLGA V. YURTSEVA1*, ELENA E. SEVEROVA1 & EVGENY V. MAVRODIEV2 1Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–12, Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. *Author for correspondence Abstract Recent molecular studies revealed the polyphyletic nature of the broadly defined genus Polygonum. This paper includes a standard maximum parsimony (MP) and three-taxon statement analyses (3TA) as well as a taxonomic revision of Polygonum sect. Avicularia subsect. Spinescentia (Polygonaceae) as compared with two closely related taxa: genus Atraphaxis s.s., and genus Bactria. In total, 27 characters, including life history, habit, morphology of the shoots, leaf blades, ocreas, perianth, achene, ultrasculpture of perianth and achene surfaces, as well as pollen morphology, were analyzed, illustrated, and dis- cussed in detail. Both the standard MP and 3TA confirm that monophyletic Polygonum subsect. Spinescentia is sister to the narrowly defined Atraphaxis. The genus Persepolium (Polygonum subsect. Spinescentia), with the circumscription of five species, is established as new to science as a result of this study. Possible transformations of perianth and thyrse morphology are discussed within the framework of the Principle of variable proportions by Troll in connection with a shift of pollination mode in the group of taxa studied.