Name: ______Period: ______Chapter 4 Typography (pgs. 83-86) Typeface Classifications 1. The number of typeface classifications is not totally agreed on, since some experts will list more classifications than others. For the purposes of this book, ______classifications will be identified. 1.______2. ______3. ______4.______5.______6. ______7. ______Roman 1. The Roman Typefaces, or serif typefaces are numerous in number and are the most widely used 2. The characteristics commonly associated with Roman types are the contrast between the heavy and light elements and the use of serifs. 3. Roman Typefaces are classified into three groups: ______and ______. 4. Oldstyle Roman type faces have a rugged appearance, with relatively little contrast between heavy and light elements. 5. Oldstyle letters look better as words; therefore faces such as Caslon and Garamond were typically used for book text matter. 6. Transitional Roman typefaces are a remodeling of Oldstyle typefaces. 7. Greater contrast is evident between the heavy and light elements. 8. The characters were also wider than the equivalent Oldstyle characters. 9. John Baskerville improved on the Caslon typeface and produced Baskerville, the first typeface used to print on smooth paper. 10. The Oldstyle characters sere designed to print into thick rough paper, rather than on the surface of thinner and smoother stock. 11. The most distinguishing feature of Modern Roman Typefaces, first designed by Bodoni in 1789, is the increased contrast between the very thin, light elements and heavy elements. 12. The Bodoni typeface has long ascenders and descenders and the serifs are straight lines without fillets.

Oldstyle Traditional Modern

Draw and Label the different parts of the “T” as in Figure 4-9 13. “______” in French means “______.” Therefore, the classification ______is used for typefaces without serifs. 14. This typeface classification is second only to Roman in popularity today. 15. Sans serif typefaces usually have a monotone appearance meaning that the heavy and light elements are approximately the same thickness. 16. While most are formed with strokes of uniform weight, a few san serif faces have heavy and light elements.

Draw and Label the two letters “H” as in Figure 4-10 17. Square serif typefaces are usually formed with strokes of equal weight, like sans serif types, but have finishing-off strokes added. 18. The shape of the serif is square or block-______and the serif has the same weight as the main portion of the letter face. 19. Very seldom is a square serif typeface used for straight matter composition or text of a page, because it is not easy to read as type with thinner serifs. 20. These contemporary typefaces are most often used as display or headline types. 21. The black letter or text typeface, resembles the calligraphy of German monks of the 1400s. 22. Black letter is most often used for printed materials relating to special occasions. 23. Certificates, wedding and graduation announcements, religious materials, diplomas, and official documents are typical examples. 24. A text face set in all capital letter is very difficult to read. 25. Fort this reason, the use of both capital and lowercase letters is recommended when setting copy. 26. Both script and cursive typefaces are designed to simulate handwriting. 27. The distinction between them is whether the individual letters in a word are joined or not. 28. The letters in a script typeface are joined; letters in a cursive face are not. 29. The contrast of characters varies with the typeface design. 30. Like text typefaces, script and cursive typefaces are used primarily for special effects. 31. They are used for headlines, announcements, invitations and letterheads. 32. Since they are hard to read when copy length is more than a sentence or two, script and cursive types are seldom used for setting a full printed page or a large block of body copy. 33. The Novelty typeface classification is used for a wide variety of types when primary intent is to command special attention. 34. A Novelty typeface, sometimes called occasional or decorative, must be carefully chosen to express moods or provide a specific appearance for a theme or an occasion. 35. Each style has individuality and is used for a special situation. These faces are not intended to be used as body copy. 36. Italic type is a slanted version of the upright letter and is often treated as a separate classification. 37. Most Roman faces have a companion italic of related design. 38. In electronic composition, the term oblique is sometimes used to describe a simulated italic character produced by electronically slanting an upright Roman character. 39. Italic type is often used to indicate emphasis in body copy. It is also used for titles, for foreign words, for terms being defined, and for quotations. Poetry is often typeset in an italic face. 40. Reverse type usually consists of white characters on a solid black or color background. 41. This is done occasionally and can be done to stress the importance of the message or information in the copy. 42. For example a small newspaper advertisement might be reversed to make it stand out on the page and be noticed. 43. Care must be used in choosing a typeface and type size for reversing. 44. Many types are difficult to read when reversed, especially in small point sizes.