Vol. 103 No. 1 Vol. 2020 JANUARY CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SPECIAL ISSUE VISUAL OPTICS: LOOKING BEYOND 2020 Modern spectacle lens design Stand magnifiers for low vision Multifocal optics Aberration-controlling lenses for keratoconus Optical changes with orthokeratology Optical regulation of eye growth Aberrations and refractive error development Peripheral refraction and aberrations Aberrations and accommodation Blur adaptation Adaptive optics vascular imaging Orthokeratology compression factor in partnership with The Hong Kong Society of Professional Optometrists Official Journal of: EDITOR Emeritus Professor Nathan Efron AC DEPUTY EDITOR Dr Maria Markoulli EDITORIAL BOARD INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Associate Professor Nicola Anstice Dr Waleed AlGhamdi The Hong Kong Society of (Associate Editor) Qassim University, Saudi Arabia Professional Optometrists University of Canberra, Australia Professor Raymond Applegate Dr Lauren Ayton (Associate Editor) University of Houston, USA The University of Melbourne, Australia Associate Professor Reiko Arita Dr Alex Black (Associate Editor) University of Tokyo, Japan Queensland University of Technology, Professor David Atchison Australia Impact Factor: 1.559 ISI Journal Citation Reports© Queensland University of Technology, Ranking: 2018: 40/59 (Ophthalmology) Dr Mei-Ying Boon (Associate Editor) Australia University of New South Wales, Australia Professor Sharon Bentley Aims and Scope: Clinical and Experimental Optometry Ms Lyn Brodie Queensland University of Technology, is a peer reviewed journal listed by ISI and Australia abstracted by PubMed, Science Citation Index and Optometry Australia, Australia Current Contents. It publishes original research Associate Professor Bang Bui Dr Paul Constable papers and reviews in clinical optometry and vision (Associate Editor) Flinders University, Australia science. Debate and discussion of controversial The University of Melbourne, Australia Professor Stephen Dain scientific and clinical issues is encouraged and Dr Andrew Carkeet (Associate Editor) University of New South Wales, Australia letters to the Editor and short communications Queensland University of Technology, Professor Steven Dakin expressing points of view on matters within the Australia The University of Auckland, New Zealand Journal’s areas of interest are welcome. Clinical and Experimental Optometry also welcomes Dr Nicole Carnt (Associate Editor) Professor Erica Fletcher papers that explore the history of optometry and University of New South Wales, Australia The University of Melbourne, Australia vision science. Dr Holly Chinnery (Associate Editor) Professor Alex Gentle OnlineOpen: Clinical and Experimental Optometry The University of Melbourne, Australia Deakin University, Australia accepts articles for Open Access publication. Emeritus Professor H Barry Collin AM Professor Robert F Hess Please visit https://authorservices.wiley.com/ (Emeritus Editor) McGill University, Canada author-resources/Journal-Authors/open-access/ University of New South Wales, Australia Professor Michael Ibbotson onlineopen.html for further information about Dr Cirous Dehghani (Associate Editor) National Vision Research Institute, Australia OnlineOpen. The University of Melbourne, Australia Professor Michael Kalloniatis Address for Editorial Correspondence: Dr Laura Downie (Associate Editor) Clinical and Experimental Optometry Centre for Eye Health, Australia Editor, , The University of Melbourne, Australia Suite 101, 68–72 York Street, South Melbourne, Professor Lisa Keay Victoria 3205, Australia. E-mail: cxo.editor@ Dr Katie Edwards (Associate Editor) University of New South Wales, Australia optometry.org.au; Tel: +61 3 9668 8500; Queensland University of Technology, Professor Allison McKendrick Fax: +61 3 9682 0928. Australia The University of Melbourne, Australia Emeritus Professor Nathan Efron AC Disclaimer: The Publisher, Optometry Australia Professor Eric Papas (OA), New Zealand Association of Optometrists (Editor and Chairman) University of New South Wales, Australia (NZAO), Hong Kong Society of Professional Queensland University of Technology, Australia Dr Konrad Pesudovs Optometrists (HKSPO), Singapore Optometric Optometry consultant, South Australia Association (SOA) and Editor cannot be held Dr Lesley Frederikson responsible for errors or any consequences arising New Zealand Association of Optometrists, Professor Jacob Sivak from the use of information contained in this New Zealand University of Waterloo, Canada journal; the views and opinions expressed do not Associate Professor Ian Gutteridge Professor Fiona Stapleton necessarily reflect those of the Publisher, OA, (Associate Editor) University of New South Wales, Australia NZAO, HKSPO, SOA and Editor, neither does the The University of Melbourne, Australia Professor Chi-ho To publication of advertisements constitute any Associate Professor Isabelle Jalbert Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong endorsement by the Publisher, OA, NZAO, HKSPO, Kong SAR, China SOA and Editor of the products advertised. (Associate Editor) University of New South Wales, Australia Professor James Wolffsohn Copyright © 2020 Optometry Australia Aston University, United Kingdom Associate Professor Andrew Lam Wiley is a founding member of the UN-backed Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong HINARI, AGORA, and OARE initiatives. They are Publications Manager: Jessica Donald Kong SAR, China now collectively known as Research4Life, making online scientific content available free or at Dr Angelica Ly nominal cost to researchers in developing University of New South Wales, Australia countries. Please visit Wiley’s Content Access – Associate Professor Michele Madigan Corporate Citizenship site: http://www.wiley. (Associate Editor) com/WileyCDA/Section/id-390082.html. University of New South Wales, Australia ISSN 0816-4622 (Print) Dr Maria Markoulli (Deputy Editor) ISSN 1444-0938 (Online) University of New South Wales, Australia Dr Lisa Nivison-Smith (Associate Editor) Cover image: Lisa Breayley, MedPIC, University of New South Wales, Australia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Dr Nicola Pritchard (Associate Editor) Queensland University of Technology, Australia Dr Kah Ooi Tan Singapore Optometric Association, Singapore Dr Phil Turnbull (Associate Editor) The University of Auckland, New Zealand Associate Professor Stephen Vincent (Associate Editor) Queensland University of Technology, Australia CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL GUEST EDITORIAL Looking and seeing beyond 2020 Clin Exp Optom 2020; 103: 1–2 DOI:10.1111/cxo.12993 Stephen J Vincent PhD a combination bifocal consisting of a flint glass myopia progression in children,10 the under- Scott A Read PhD inset of higher refractive index embedded lying optical mechanism remains unclear. Nti 4 11 Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of within a crown glass spectacle lens. While our and Berntsen review the optics of modern Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University scope of practice has expanded substantially overnight reverse geometry orthokeratology of Technology, Brisbane, Australia over the past century from sight testing opti- lens designs including their effects on accom- E-mail: [email protected] cians to primary health-care providers, optics modation, peripheral refraction and on axis remains at the heart of the optometric profes- higher order aberrations. Lau et al.12 also sion. In this special issue of Clinical and Experi- report on the change in the higher order Submitted: 7 October 2019 mental Optometry, international leaders aberration profile by modifying the Jessen Accepted for publication: 8 October 2019 critically examine the current state of the field, factor in paediatric orthokeratology for myo- encompassing recent advances in ophthalmic pia control. and physiological optics, with an eye to the Given the well-documented increase in future, beyond 2020. the prevalence of myopia over the past cen- The inaugural issue of Clinical and Experi- In contrast to the Kryptok of 1919, Jalie5 tury, understanding the optical effects of mental Optometry (then The Commonwealth (a name synonymous with ophthalmic potential interventions to slow myopia Optometrist), ran to a grand total of 12 pages. optics) reviews modern spectacle lens progression and axial eye growth in children While a modest beginning, this first publica- designs including free-form manufacturing is a current global research priority. tion provides important insights into the techniques to minimise the visual impact of Chakraborty et al.13 provide a detailed over- state of our profession in the early twentieth spectacle lens aberrations. Carkeet6 also view of the animal model literature examin- century. For example, the first issue publi- examines the optics of stand magnifiers, a ing how optical factors influence eye shed in March 1919 included a brief note,1 commonly prescribed low vision aid despite growth. The contributions of this body of directed at optometrists, explaining the cor- significant advances in electronic devices in work to the current understanding of how rect pronunciation of the word ‘Optometry’; recent years.7 A novel method utilising digi- visual experience influences myopia devel- ‘…emphasis should be put on the second sylla- tal photography to determine the equivalent opment and progression, and the transla- ble ‘tom’… pronunciation should be universal, viewing distance of stand magnifiers is also tion into interventions to control myopia in so as not to confuse the public.’ the human eye are discussed. Hughes