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Church Selective Conscience Joseph Fletcher Episcopal the of

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NEWS: Condemn Church for Silence on Peace and Justice. Daniel Berrigan Sheltered by Episcopalians. Tales of King's Personal Life Branded Lies SERVICES The Witness SERVICES In Leading Churches In Leading Churches For Christ and His Ckttrek

NEW YORK CITY EDITORIAL BOARD ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH Tenth Street, above Chestnut THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH JOHN MoGnx KHUMM, QI airman PHILADELPHIA, Psmu. OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE W. B. Sporoow Sa., Managing Editor The Sep. Alfred W. Price, DJ3., Ractor Sunday: Holy Communion 8, 9, 10, Mornfait The Rev. Roger Pickering Piayer, Holy Communion and Sermon. 11; BDWABD J. MOHH, Editorial Assistant Minister to the Deaf Organ Recital, 3:30; Evensong, 4. Sunday: 9 and 11 a.m. 3:30 pan, «• O. SYDKST BABB; LSB A. BSUOBD; Rosooa Morning Piayer and Holy Communion 7:15 5:30 p.m. (and 10 Wed.); Evening PrayeC, 3:30. T. FOTJST; RICHABD E. Gist; GOBDOIC C. Weekdays: Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., 12.S0 • 12:55 p.m. GBAHAM; DAVID JOHKSOK; Hisou) R. LAW- Services of Spiritual Healing, Thurs. 12:30 THE PARISH OF TRINITY CHURCH and 5:30 p.m. Rev. John V. Butler, Rector BOH; LsauB J. A. LAWS; BmrjAuxK Mmm. TRINITY CHRIST CHURCH

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Copyright 48 Henry St. Church open daily 8 a.m. to 8 pan. The Rev. Carlos J. Caguiat, Viear Evening prayer Tues ft Thurs. 5:15 pjn. Sundays: MP 7:15; Masses 7:30, 8:41, 11:15 THE GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY (Spanish), Eu Monday thru Wednesday 8j CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRJNITT Thursdays thru Saturday 9. Chapel of the Good Shepherd 316 East 88th Street Chelsea Square - 9th Are. ft 10th Street Sundays: Holy Communion 8; Church THE CHURCH OF THE BPIPHANT HOLY COMMUNION - 7:00 a.m. MONDAY 9:30; Morning Prayer and Sermon 11:80 York Avenue at 74th Street through FRIDAY CBobj Ctoniin1"1^^ 1st Sunday hi Near New York Memorial Hospital* MORNING PRAYER ft HOLY COMMUNION Hugh McCandtess, Jeffrey Cave, Clergy - 7:30 a.m. SATURDAY ft HOLIDAYS MORNING PRAYER - 8:30 a.m. MONDAY ST. THOMAS Charles Patterson, Lee Selford, through FRIDAY 5th Ave. ft 53rd Street Francis C. Huittbigton, Associates HOLY COMMUNION - 12 noon - MON- Rep. Frederick M. Morris, D.D. Sundays: 8 a.m. HC; 9:30 Family (HC tod DAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRI- Sunday: HC 8, 9:30, 11 (1st Son.) Sun) 11 a.m. Morning Service (HC 1st DAY 11; Daily ex. Sat. HC 8:15, HC Sun) 12:15 p.m. HC (2, 3, 4, 5 Son) HOLY COMMUNION with Sermon - Hill 12:10, Wed., 5:30. One of New York's a.m. TUESDAY Noted for boy choir: great ismlos most beautiful building!. EVENSONG - 6:00 pjn. DAILY and windows. VOL. 55, NO. 16 The WITNESS II AUGUST, 1970 FOR CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH Editorial and Publication Office, Eaton Rood, Tunkkatmoek, Pft. 18657 Story of the Week

Stassen were speakers from the Speakers Hit Church Silence Soviet Union, Haiti and Japan. Alexsei M. Bichkov, vice pres- On Peace, Justice Issues ident of the Ail-Union Council publication. of Evangelical Christians-Bap- * The church, by its silence, Soviet Union, France and the and tists in the U.S.S.R., said all is failing to prod government United Kingdom. peoples and nations have equal leaders toward peace and justice Stassen was one of seven U. S. reuse right to dignity, respect, and for all persons, the president of drafters of the UN charter. for personal, national and religious the past General Assembly Mrs. Brooks - Randolph said freedom. charged in Tokyo. nations in the international "Christians must support all required Mrs. Angie Brooks-Randolph forum should put more emphasis actions directed to the develop- of Liberia addressed 8,000 per- on the implementing of princi- ment of peace and friendship sons attending the world con- ples found in the universal among nations — to the unifi- gress of the Baptist World Al- declaration on human rights. cation of all efforts for disarma- Permission liance. She said the UN is essential ment," he stated. She said that the mass of for international peace and jus- The Russian Baptist sug-

DFMS. tice but regretted that the world / people on earth believe in justice gested that some Christians in and peace, but world govern- is still plagued with wars. The comfortable parts of the world mental leaders show by inaction African diplomat found it sad have forgotten the suffering of Church that they do not support these that the international court of peoples in East Asia and the goals for all men. She urged justice has no cases before it Middle East. "May some of us be church efforts to change this and has been "crippled because part of the evil?" he asked.

Episcopal situation. of the loss of faith" by the Sam Marseille, chairman of

the world. Also discussing governments the Haiti Baptist Convention's of and the international peace was On the role of the churches in education board, said that "prob- Harold Stassen, former gover- strides toward peace and justice, ably neither peace nor justice she deplored silence on poverty, exists anywhere now." He urged

Archives nor of Minnesota and a past president of the American Bap- disarmanent, hunger, illiteracy material and spiritual sharing. and disease. President Takaaki Aikawa of

2020. tist Convention. Mrs. Brooks- Randolph ob- the Japan Baptist Union noted Stassen said the UN charter served that if the church con- that the time for achieving should be rewritten to include dones segregation, denials of hu- peace is running out. "We have Copyright divided nations having both man rights and criminal acts of no more than 50 per cent chance communist and non-communist war, it "might find ultimately for survival to the end of the governments, such as mainland century," he said. China, and Nationalist China, that it is not able to hold its both Germanies, both Koreas place and make the contribution Meanwhile, commenting on and both Vietnams. it has in the past." the sale of arms to South Africa Stassen related his views on by Great Britain, President Ken- Permanent seats on the UN the UN to his personal religious neth Kaunda of Zambia told a Security Council should be ex- convictions. "Is it not basic in group of R.C. bishops that the tended to Japan, India, Mainland our religion that all races, all only thing that could stop the China, Brazil and both Ger- peoples, are brothers under God? spread of communism was "the manies, he added, in addition to This principle must be applied true interpretation of Christian its present permanent members, to the United Nations." policies, where man is regarded Nationalist China, the U. S., the Appearing on a panel with as man." n AUGUST, 1970 Three death itself." (Wit. I Aug.). He Daniel Berrigan Seized by FBI added that he and his brother had chosen to be branded as At Home of Episcopalians "peace criminals by war crim- inals." * A smiling and handcuffed peace worker, all refused to sur- After "going underground" Fr. Daniel Berrigan, ended four render April 9 after their ap- following the Cornell rally, he months as a fugitive "peace peals had been rejected by the has written articles for several criminal" when he entered a Supreme Court. The younger magazines and newspapers, been providence federal building in Berrigan, with Eberhardt, was interviewed by such publications the custody of FBI agents. apprehended April 21 at St. as The New York Times, Wash- The Jesuit was captured on Gregory the Great Roman Cath- ington Post and the New Yorker nearby Block Island by a bevy olic church in New York. magazine, and written letters to of federal lawmen who first Daniel Berrigan successfully sympathizers throughout the masqueraded as bird watchers eluded the authorities for four country. publication. outside the home belonging to months. According to FBI direc- Just prior to his capture, he gave, via tape, an address at a and William Stringfellow, Episcopal tor J. Edgar Hoover, the priest lay theologian, and Anthony was harbored by "hundreds of peace rally in Wilmington, Del. reuse Towne, a poet. They co-authored sympathizers" on the eastern His taped messages were com- for The Bishop Pike Affair in 1967. seaboard and in the midwest. mon at peace rallies since he went underground in April. An FBI spokesman said Fr. The Jesuit, regarded as some- In his sparce interviews from required Berrigan was arrested without thing of a legendary figure by the underground, the priest de- incident. Asked if an informant the anti-war movement in the scribed his fugitive status as a had revealed the priest's where- U.S., spent most of his months "new way of being a Jesuit." abouts, the spokesman had no as a fugitive on the run, surfac- He said his decision to flee Permission comment. ing publicly only twice to speak the law was based on the convic- Convicted last year of destroy- at anti-war gatherings. tion that "good men" not only

DFMS. ing draft board records at Shortly after he was sen- break "unjust laws — in the / Catonsville, Md. in 1968 and sen- tenced, he appeared during a old Jesuit tradition of civil dis- tenced to three and a half years peace rally at Cornell, where he obedience — but also evade un- Church in prison, he was taken from the had served as chaplain since just punishment ordered by resort island 10 miles to Point 1967. He had been expected by the law that protects the war Judith, R. I., by a coast guard some followers to turn himself makers." boat. Episcopal over to the authorities at that The priest also claimed that at the He was then driven to Provi- time but instead he told some all times he was in "full commu- of dence, where he was held on a 10,000 peace demonstrators: "I nication" with his Jesuit superi- bench warrant pending his hope that I can, by example, en- ors and that he received "beauti- transfer to Danbury, Conn, fed- courage people to ... break the ful letters" of support from Archives eral prison. His brother, Fr. law in a way that is politically Jesuits. "I always felt that the Philip Berrigan, and other mem- significant," adding that "in a order had enough breadth and 2020. bers of the Catonsville 9 are al- criminal time, an innocent man richness to support the likes of ready serving prison terms in must choose to be a criminal." me," he said, "and my trust has the federal prison at Lewisburg, He eluded federal agents when been justified."

Copyright students bodily blocked all exits Pa. However the federal bureau Commenting on the capture of of prisons has stated that Philip to the university gym and then Berrigan will be transferred to disappeared. Fr. Berrigan, Stringfellow, an Danbury. anti-war activist himself, said It was not until early August that the priest was "an old Only one member of the Ca- that he appeared publicly again. friend," but he refused to say tonsville group, Mary Moylan, a He made a surprise visit to a how long the Jesuit had been Baltimore nurse, is still at large. United Methodist church in Ger- staying at his home. She is reportedly living in Can- mantown, Pa. on Aug. 2 and Stringfellow noted that the ada. preached an anti-war sermon. FBI had been "hiding in the Fr. Philip Berrigan, convicted He told the worshippers that he bushes" around his Block Is- earlier of pouring blood on draft had come "in the name of all land house, apparently since files in Baltimore, his older those who have said no to this early morning and that he priest-brother, Miss Moylan and war — from prison, from the noticed a few of them. David Eberhardt, a Baltimore underground, from exile, from "I went out to inquire what Four THB WITNESS they were doing there," he re- counted, "They said they were Mrs. King and Aides Brand False bird-watching. It was not a very auspicious day for bird-watching Tales of King's Personal Life because there was a northeaster going on." * Mrs. Martin Luther King Time went on to supply what When the agents went to the Jr., and three top leaders of the it said was accurate information front door of the house, the Southern Christian Leadership on the 1964 meeting between priest, dressed in a tee-shirt and Conference have denied a report Hoover and King. The magazine walking shorts, came out, ap- that the late Dr. King toned said the FBI chief lectured King proached the FBI men and intro- down his criticism of the FBI on morals and suggested he tone duced himself. An agent stepped after J. Edgar Hoover lectured down his criticism of the law up and put handcuffs on him. the civil rights leader in 1964 on agency. King followed the sug- Stringfellow, a lawyer, said he his moral behavior. gestion, said the magazine and discussed Fr. Berrigan's "un- The widow challenged the subsequently lost esteem in the usual legal situation with him substance of a report on the black community. publication. while he was with us." He said 1964 meeting which appeared in Mrs. King said that Time's and he was prepared to face possible Time magazine. Later, the Rev. report was wrong. She con- charges of harboring a fugitive Ralph David Abernathy, succes- tinued: "The love, concern and reuse from justice. sor to Dr. King as president, devotion which Martin ex- for "I suppose everybody's in was joined by the Rev. Andrew pressed toward me and the chil- jeopardy nowadays," he said. Young, executive director, and dren are our most precious and In a prepared statement, the Rev. Walter E. Fauntoroy, required treasured memories. The all-em- Stringfellow and Towne as- director in Washington, D. C, in a denial. bracing love which he symbol- serted: "A Christian does what ized for all people was experi- he must do as a Christian. The three said they were par- enced in a most profound way Permission "Daniel Berrigan is our friend ticipants in and witnesses to the by his own family." and is always welcome in our 1964 meeting with Hoover. "All home. Any visit from him is an three of us were present during Jackson scored Hoover for al- DFMS. / honor for us because he is a the entire discussion and at no lowing the tapes which sup- priest of uncommon conscience, point did Mr. Hoover lecture Dr. posedly contained the com- he is a citizen of urgent moral promising data to be seen. The

Church King or even comment on his purpose and a human being of personal life," they said. conference leaders in Atlanta exemplary courage." scored Time for "stooping to George Beall, U.S. attorney Meanwhile, in Chicago an- sensationalism through fiction Episcopal for Maryland, said his office is other King aide, the Rev. Jesse and irresponsibility." Even if the considering contempt as well as Jackson, called for the resigna- King had extra-martial rela- of bail jumping charges against tion or dismissal of Hoover for tions, said Jackson, it was no Berrigan. misusing his position by placing business of the FBI. The FBI said no one else was wire taps on King's telephone in In New York, a Time spokes- Archives arrested in connection with the 1963. man said its article showed "ad- Jesuit priest's apprehension but The issue of the relation of miration for Dr. King's work 2020. would not comment on whether King and Hoover was reinjected .... As for the facts in the ar- other arrests were planned. into the press by the Time ar- ticle, Time stands by its report- Speculating on further ticle which dealt with a new ing." Copyright charges against the priest, as- book, The King God Didn't Save, The FBI is continuing to tap sistant U. S. attorney Barnet by black novelist John A. Wil- the telephones of the Leader- D. Skolnik said "we don't want liams. ship Conference and of "just to go off half-cocked . . . The In June, 1969, President Nixon about anyone who stands up for FBI has had egg on its face in confirmed that the justice de- justice in this country today," this one. Starting the day he got partment had in 1963 author- Abernathy also charged. away at Cornell, they've been ized FBI wire-tapping of King's Asked how he knew phones embarrassed." phone. Williams said the tapes were tapped, Abernathy said: Nevertheless, federal officials produced no evidence of subver- "You just pick up the telephone. have stated both in Providence sion but did "turn up an aston- You don't have to be a Philadel- and Baltimore that they are ishing amount of information phia lawyer to know that some- considering bringing charges about King's extensive and one is listening." against Stringfellow and Towne. vigorous sexual activities." The Baptist clergyman added n AtrcnsT, 1970 RN that the conference had nothing TERRY HENDERSON, capt. in op coadjutor for two and a to hide. "We have the right to the Church Army, England, half years assisting Bishop stand up and fight for those and three theological stu- Conrad H. Gesner until his re- rights which are guaranteed dents, all in their twenties, tirement, and the bishop-in- under the constitution of the spent a month with hippies charge for the past six months United States. We will continue and were impressed with the until the district elected its to move forward in spite of spirit of comradeship and the own bishop, Walter H. Jones, these acts of wire tapping." sharing found in communes. who was consecrated on July There was no comment from They joined a hippie group 25, 1970. the FBI nor the justice depart- and moved to camps in Brigh- RALPH DEAN of Cariboo said ment on Abernathy's accusa- ton, Bournemouth and St. the Anglican Church of Can- tions. Ives — all near Bath — and ada can retain not one sem- on Eel Pie Island in the blence of honor if it reduces Thames River. "The vast ma- its overseas outlay by another

publication. jority of hippies that we met penny. He referred to two were nomads," the report cuts in the 1971 national pro- and - - People - - said. "Each in his own way gram budget, one of $300,000 and another of $200,000. The reuse was looking for freedom. One first was divided between for CESAR CHAVEZ and the farm thing they all had in common was desire for food. They domestic and overseas expen- workers have been able to ditures. Bishop Dean won- work out an agreement in usually paid for it, but a few required were willing to shoplift or dered if the same procedure their jurisdictional dispute could be used with respect to with the teamsters. Under the rummage in garbage cans." the $200,000. Declining in- contract, the teamsters said Though usually short on sup- come was the reason for re-

Permission they would withdraw from plies, they shared the food, ductions. But the bishop said organizing field farmworkers. they said. The hippies were cutting overseas work would In return, the farm workers found disinclined to let their be seen in the third world as DFMS. / agreed to refrain from at- fellow-travellers go hungry. an expression of western un- tempting to organize canner- Money, the team reported, trustworthiness. He recalled ies and creameries, frozen

Church was raised by doing casual that seven years ago the food processing plants, pro- church announced plans to in- duce markets and warehouses, jobs, claiming state relief, begging and selling hippie art crease support for younger and professional truck drivers. churches by some $2,500,000 Episcopal The pact also forbides either work. The four observed a de- gree of what is termed "satan- over five years. That was only the union from picketing a firm a first step, he added, in re- of under contract without the ism." Some hippies told them they had turned to Eastern sponse to MRI challenge to consent of both parties; guar- Anglicans, of which he was antees that where "the mu- mysticism or to black magic Archives because they found the Chris- executive officer for a number tual self-interest" of their of years. Bishop Dean said respective membership is tian church "spiritually shal-

2020. expectations were raised served they may participate low." The report criticized po- among the younger churches jointly in consumer boycott lice for their "negative" at- for continuing support and activities in disputes with titude toward hippies and re- now Canadian Anglicans are Copyright employers; and calls for inter- proached some authorities for reneging. "We are guilty of vention by a committee of their "complete ignorance of sheer irresponsibility, that we Catholic bishops in all cases drugs and their effect." have kindled hope and then where both unions are unable extinguished it," he declared. to resolve interpretations of LYMAN C. OGILBY has been "Can we wonder at the growth the agreement. Chavez de- appointed a fellow at Episco- of racism and nationalism?" scribed the contract with the pal Theological School where he asked. "Are we so stupid teamsters as "not a victory. he will engage in graduate as to be surprised that the They gave something and we studies at Harvard during the younger churches begin to gave something. There was a coining academic year. After doubt our world? Only God spirit of give and take. We eighteen years of missionary knows how many people have hope the employers will let us service in the Philippines, been hurt, bewildered and show what the workers Bishop Ogilby came to South want." Dakota in 1967. He was bish- (Continued on Page Ten) Six THE WITNESS EDITORIAL

with after Houston; and probably not a wholly Probable Houston new Prayer Book for a generation. 7. Long range planning report. The Rev. Lloyd Happenings Gressle, chairman of this planning commission was recently elected bishop coadjutor of the di- GCSP is going to be in for a real going over. Our ocese of Bethlehem. This group of clergy and guess is that it will be continued with some differ- laity have been in and out of a "Think tank" on ences. A recent independent committee to assess this whole matter for months. Their plans in capsule form are: publication. GCSP — General Convention Special Program — headed by Judge William Booth of New York City and Strengthen local mission gave it high praise in most particulars. "GCSP Better Christian education resources for the showed that the church had the insight to do what reuse laity for was needed two years before James Forman con- Professional leadership development fronted the Church with his famous — or infam- Increased work with youth and young adults ous — manifesto." Broadened participation of the church in so- required 2. Financing the budget of the National Church. ciety Note: GSCP didn't come from this, but from cer- • New expectations for health, education and tain special funds. The Executive Council has pro- welfare systems Permission posed a basic budget for 1971 of about $13 million. • Increased witness for justice, peace and non- Beyond that it proposes certain priorities. violence

DFMS. • Emergency support for victims of disaster / 3. Clergy Placement. A recent survey under and injustice Bishop Burt of Ohio shows 75 per cent of the • Improved communications, planning, finance

Church clergy at the present time feel that the present hit or miss system is not the way to do such things. 8. COCU — Consulation on Church Unity — Our guess is that Bishop Richards, on leave to plans for a united church in this country among nine principal denominations. This COCU report

Episcopal make new proposals in such things, will come up with something far better on a national scale. is now ready for all of us Episcopalians to pitch in the

of and study and consider, especially in our own com- 4. Theological Education. Proposals have been munities at the local level. made to consolidate all 11 Episcopal seminaries 9. Structure of the church, especially the place Archives down to about five; and that most of these be of the Presiding Bishop and the Executive Council working in clusters of ecumenical institutes with — 49 representatives from all the church in rela- 2020. other church's preparatory schools for the Chris- tion to the church at the local level in diocese, dis- tian ministry. Bishop Warnecke of Bethlehem is trict, parish, and mission. the key man on these proposals. 10. Even the agenda of the c ~> "ention itself and Copyright 5. Self-supporting ministry — otherwise known the special delegates that have ')een elected from as non-stipendiary clergy or rectors — may be the most dioceses and districts to go to Houston. Rec- way out for the church in most smaller places, all ommendations are for across the country. • legislative sessions of convention every 6. The reform of the Prayer Book. We have not morning only the New Liturgy but the coming up of all • general assembly to be followed by work ses- sorts of experimental liturgies. There will also be sions involving these special delegates — youth, proposed a complete overhaul of Christian initia- minorities, others — during the afternoons tion in and through baptism, confirmation, first © evenings given over to hearings by commit- communion, and catechism instruction. All sorts tees and other committee meetings. of options are coming up at Houston. Our guess is So a busy time will be had by all and yet time that we will have several official options to work will be found to have fun with old and new friends.

II AttGnsT, 1970 Stven between some kind of a priori moral principles — Selective Conscience such as "God's will known by faith" — and a pragmatic or inductive ethics. The Welsh opinion By Joseph Fletcher at this fundamental level is confused. To clear it Professor Emeritus at Episcopal Theological School up would be a great service to jurisprudence in general and to the issue over conscription in par- IN THE LAST number of the Witness my friend ticular. Robert McAfee Brown was quoted as saying that Selective Service Curtis Tarr underscored this conscientious objection to violence and military unresolved question by announcing at once that, service should depend on the situation. Let me with the new Welsh ruling, draft boards will re- carry his thinking forward a step or two. quire registrants to base their objection on "some This summer, on June 15, the Supreme Court system of belief" other than their own responsi- ruled (5 to 3) that moral and ethical reasons are ble judgment. The warning signal is in his term enough for draft inductees. Justice Black wrote "system"—i. e., some a priori and pre-determined publication. the opinion, explaining that such reasons must be morality.

and "deeply" held and not based solely on "policy, pragmatism or expedience." Yet the main point May Conscience be Selective? reuse is that in the court's view it is unjust to restrict PENDING before the court is another but re- for conscientious objectors to religious reasons, since lated case posing the question whether registrants many Americans do not hold religious beliefs. may plead conscientious objection to a particular required The court allowed that "political, sociological, and specific military situation. It was this "situa- or philosophical" grounds are a basis for moral tion ethics" that Professor Brown was urging. decisions by registrants under the selective serv- For example, must an inductee hold all war to be ice law. In U.S. v. Seeger (1965) the court had al- wrong, or just a particular one such as the war in Permission lowed non-doctrinaire or non-sectarian religious Indochina? Put another way, must conscience be beliefs as a basis. You didn't have to subscribe to categorical, or may it be selective and situational ? DFMS.

/ any particular creed. But now, in this last deci- This question remains even if, as in the Welsh sion (U.S. v. Welsh) it is denied that any religious ruling, it is allowed that one's categorical objec- grounds of any kind are required. They put con- tion to military service need not be religiously Church science on what we might call a value basis, ra- based. ther than a faith basis. That is, the court now If conscience is to operate according to a priori asserts that conscience is ethical, not theological. Episcopal moral doctrines — "some system of belief" — and

the Two almost hidden elements in the Welsh ruling not according to concrete and particular situa- of call for our careful attention. If they aren't under- tions, then obviously only pacifists may be allowed stood the ruling's meaning will be missed. C. 0. standing. This is a manifest form of dis- crimination by the state, and it is this discrimina- Archives Casting Aside Tradition tion which will be dealt with in the fall court calendar of this year. 2020. JUSTICE BLACK says that policy, pragmatism and expediency are inadequate grounds for con- The issue is between a dogmatic or doctrinaire science, thus casting aside in a very cavalier morality which universalizes its notions of right Copyright fashion the James-Dewey tradition in America — and wrong — such as pacifism — versus situation and it also implies that moral judgment rests on ethics. Young people today resent being forced by something other than workability and human law to be dogmatic and categorical, which is of needs. What would that something be? Some na- course undicriminating and therefore irresponsi- tural or divine righteousness, independent of prac- ble. ticality and changing human welfare? If so, then Young people who become conscientious objec- Hugo Black is at last denying his own personal tors or draft dodgers are in most instances willing and juridical history! "in principle" to bear arms in defense of their Besides, is it not contradictory to reject prag- country but they are being forced hypocritically matic—or expendient—reasoning and then allow into a pacifist position because they can't stomach political, economic and sociological considerations what we are doing in Indochina and won't have to enter into moral judgments? The issue here is any part of it.

THE WITNESS am a bad ape," became the first man. As human Making Love Possible beings we have dreams; we have visions. It is our aspirations that help make us what we are, for By Lee A. Belford an aspiration is a promise, a promise to ourselves. Chairman of Dept. of Religion, New York University But these promises are never fully kept. We make and on staff of the Epiphany, New York promises and we try to keep them and we fail. If we made no promises we would not fail, but then IT IS a frightening exercise to list vehemently we could not be called "man." antagonistic forces at home and abroad. In the We not only make promises to ourselves, we Middle East Jews and Arabs are at war, and there make promises to others. I think all sons and is war in Vietnam, and Cambodians and Viet- daughters have wanted to be good sons and daugh- namese hate each other. There is antagonism be- ters. I do not believe that any man gets married tween capitalist and communist nations. There are with the expectation that he will be a bad hus- conflicts between blacks and whites, and between band. I saw a cartoon of a young woman dressed publication. the lower classes seeking middle-class status and in the conventional attire of a "hippie," that is, those in the middle class who feel threatened. and as if she were clothed from a missionary box, and There is suspicion and distrust between our gen- she was saying to her young daughter, "I may be reuse erations, even those different generations in the a kook, but I am first of all a mother." I think for same family. Ordinary people hate ordinary people most mothers want to be good mothers, and per- who are very much like themselves. It is hardly haps most succeed. Some of the peace demonstra- necessary to complete the list. In every case each tors carry placards proclaiming, "Save the sons of required side justifies its suspicions, fears, and hate be- loving mothers." However, even in the eyes of so- cause of injustices done in the past. ciety where all can see, some mother's promises If you hate because you have grounds for hate are not kept.

Permission and hate begets hate, how can the process be stopped ? This is an extremely important question. Power of Forgiveness

DFMS. The obvious answer is to substitute love for hate I KNOW A MAN, a recovered alcoholic, who lost / as a feeling and attitude. But to say such a thing his wife and son because of his drinking. His son sounds platitudinous. However, there is an ap- has never forgiven him and refuses to see him Church proach we can follow. We can forgive. under any circumstances. What will that son's re- Everything in nature, almost operates on a jection of his father, his hate, do to him? Sons cause-effect basis. If something is done, a certain should identify with their fathers in some way if Episcopal result is bound to follow. But that "almost" belongs they are to assume a masculine role in life. What the to man. He is in nature, but he also stands outside does unforgiveness do to the person who is for- of of nature because he can make promises and he given? The Hebrew word shalach that appears can forgive. Because I can promise, I am a man. often in the Bible we translate as "forgiveness." I do not merely live from day to day. What I have Archives It is the closest we can get to the original meaning promised myself and what I have promised others — to have a weight lifted. A paralytic was

2020. helps make me what I am today. Now let us look brought to Jesus on a litter. He was dead weight, at the other element. You are familiar with the a weight he could not carry. He had to be carried axiom called lex talionis — "an eye for an eye and by others. Jesus forgave him his sins, and he

Copyright a tooth for a tooth." Applied literally, if John picked up his bed and walked. What a superb illus- kills Henry, Henry's son has an obligation to tration of the transforming power of forgiveness! avenge his father's death and kill John, and John's When God forgives he lifts a weight from us; son kills Henry's son, and so on. That is simple he lightens our load. Those children who cannot cause and effect. But forgiveness lifts man out of forgive their parents, those parents who cannot nature for it says that the process can be stopped. forgive their children — those in all relationships If this were not the case, life would have no fu- who cannot forgive and who are not forgiven — ture. Any evil deed once introduced would be re- what a terrible burden they carry! When God produced forever. forgives he takes away the weight. Forgiveness set us free. When we forgive each other and are Our Aspirations forgiven by each other, we are freed to love and WHO NEEDS forgiveness? We do, for we are hu- truly be ourselves. man beings. The first ape who said to himself, "I Life moves on at relentless pace. We are in- II AUGUST, 1970 Nfat volved in a dynamic process and affect and are and wiser. What is important is that we not pre- affected by on-going events. I am a "constant", judge the present by the past. We speak of the the same being who has been around for over Holy Spirit as God's change-agent. We should be fifty years, but at the same time I know that I open to God's creative spirit so that we may con- have changed. And yet when I think of other peo- tinue to grow and develop; we must not rule out ple I find myself almost denying that they could that possibility for others. This is related to what change. I think of an incident or an episode in their has been said of forgiveness. lives and I peg my appraisal on that incident Look at the world! There is so much hate. What or episode. I remember well when our president is needed is love. If you love, you forgive. Yes! was running for office early in his political career. That is what we say of God. Because he loves, he His opponent was Helen Gahagan Douglas. It was forgives. But how are you going to love if you do a dirty campaign. Am I to keep remembering and not love? You can begin with forgiveness. If you to make that the dominant factor in my appraisal do not forgive a person you cannot love him. of Richard Nixon? If I do, then I close my eyes Therefore, to forgive is to open the way to love, and keep myself from seeing him as he is today. to remove the barriers that prevent love, to make publication. He is certainly older. He may or may not be fairer love possible. and reuse for PEOPLE:— with residents to gain first mark of the new service is

required (.Continued from Page Six') hand understanding of the joy, and the church has tried problems of the poor. They to carry out that theme with made to despair by our casual will also meet informally with new 1 i t u r gi c a 1 decorations, withdrawal of promised and local borough council officials such as banners proclaiming Permission sustained help." to discuss such issues as hous- "peace" and "love." Anderson ANTHONY DYSON, principal ing and race relations. An- wears a floral print vestment.

DFMS. of Ripon Hall and the Rev. other important aim of the Folk music is occasionally / Donald Reeves, vicar of St. project will be to engage used. Peter's will head a new pro- Christian teachers and social Church ject designed to create more ROBERT D. GERHARD, rector workers in determining how of St. Thomas, Terrace Park, effective forms of ministry in Christian convictions can be urban centers. The Urban in announcing results of a used to cope with the modern survey in Southern Ohio, said Episcopal Ministry Project, first of its problems of urban life. there was widespread feeling

the kind in England will be spon- that "the minimum salary is of sored by the Oxford theologi- RICHARD J. ANDERSON, rec- cal college, and the 35,000- tor of Grace church, Buffalo, too low and is not keeping up member parish of St. Peter's says attendance at Sunday with the escalating cost of

Archives at Morden, south of London. service has doubled since the living." Seventy-nine of the There is a great deal of em- parish was designated as the 103 full time clergy replied to 2020. phasis on theology and theory testing ground for the new a questionnaire on remumera- at the moment and not enough trial liturgy. He reports that tion. Respondents listed first, on what clergy should actually most responses to the less for- second and third choices in

Copyright be doing, Dyson said. He ex- mal service were positive. answering five q u e s t io n s. plained that the project seeks Since the changes introduced Point values were assigned to to relate theology with the last year, attendance has dou- choices for tabulation pur- local situation. He pointed out bled to more than 100, he poses. Each clergyman was that in one northern diocese, said. Anderson said some wor- asked what he thought he two of every three men or- shippers feel the revised litur- should be paid. Replies ranged dained in the past five years gy "lacks dignity" and is not from $8,000 to $30,000 with had found parochial work un- reverent enough but that the average at $14,000. In satisfactory and had left to most "like the clarity and 1969, the average salary in the serve as teachers or chaplains. symbolism . . . and enjoy the diocese was $10,528. More re- One facet of the project will opportunity to participate per- flective of the actual situation be a field placement course in sonally in the services, read- was the mean, that salary which clergymen will live in ing the lessons and offering above and below which an the London ghetto and mingle prayers." The characteristic equal number fall. The median

TM THE WITNESS was $7,816. Cost of living was seen by those polled as the most important criteria in de- termining minimum starting salary. Next came income comparable with other profes- sions and third was personal qualifications. Decisions about compensation above the mini- mum, most pastors agree, should be based on "achieve- ment and performance" first. Second was cost of living data and personal assets. Replies to questions on benefits showed an average car allowance of $1,355 annually. Most of the publication. men preferred a housing al-

and lowance instead of a church- owned house. reuse

for ALAN WALKER, Methodist of happiness Sydney, New South Wales, says Australia is playing a required "despicable" role in Vietnam. is••• "Our troops are there as in- a young couple in love... the smile of a surance, with the government child... the Joy of sharing. hoping that by remaining Permission America's ally, Australia will How to find this happiness? Through helping others... giving of get protection in the future." yourself . . . love ... the kind of love Jesus taught.

DFMS. He says opinion in the Aus- Happiness comes from a deep, personal relationship with God. / tralian churches has shifted in Daily devotions in The Upper Room will help bring this happiness the last three years to almost . . . this purpose to your life . . . this love, just as The Upper

Church total opposition. "Four years Room has helped millions of other people around the world. Each ago I could get only 43 votes daily page shares a Bible reading, and prayer for use in individual out of 500 members for my or family worship.

Episcopal resolution against the war, Order The Upper Room daily devotional guide today. Enter a last year I got a condemnation the standing order for yourself, your church or organization: ten or of passed almost unanimously." more copies of one issue to one address only 15j£ each. Or use the special Ten Plan: ten copies of one issue to your address for only $1.50. Keep one copy and give the remaining nine to your friends. Individual subscriptions are $3.00 for 3 years, $1.50 for 1 year. Archives MONEY for your TREASURY Order direct from The Upper Room. OVER 2,000,000

2020. SUNFLOWER DISH CLOTHS Were sold last yen by members of Sunday School*, Ladles' Aids, Young People's Group*, •M. They enable yon to earn money Cox yonx

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Episcopal Church Related SAINT AGNES SCHOOL The Boarding Schools in the Girls Episcopal Boarding (Grade* 7-12) and Country Day School (.Grades K-12) Diocese of Minnesota Fully accredited college preparatory and gea- Patterson School exal courses. Music, Drama, Arts, all Sport*. CO-ORDINATED COLLEGE PREPARATORY Small classes. Individual attention and guid- once stressed. Established 1870. 49-acra for Boys campus. Write for catalog. Boys — Grades 9-12 IN HAPPY VALLEY HAMILTON H. BOOKHOUT, Headmaster SHATTUCK SCHOOL SAIOT AGUES SCHOOL Fully accredited Church School on Box W., Albany, N. T. 12211 1800 acre estate. Grades 7-12. Small Founded 1858 classes. Gymnasium, sports, swim- Canon Robert L. Curry, D. D. ming, fishing. 60th year. ST. MARGARET'S SCHOOL Headmaster Summer camp with tutoring for boys COLLEGB PREPARATION FOB GIRLS 507/334-6466 publication. 6 to 15 years. Periods 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Fully accredited. Grades 8-12. Music, For School or Camp Patterson Also Co-ed Summer School-Camp

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DFMS. Superintendent and Rector

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Episcopal extensive lake shore frontage, new The Headmaster 8 court gym. Enviable year 'round Faribault, Minnesota 55021 School the environment. All sport, Including Episcopal Elementary and of riding and sailing. Accredited. Sum- Junior High Day and Boarding School mer Camp. Write for catalogue THE CHURCH 164 South Lake Shore Road Girls Grades 1-9

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Copyright Wrestling, Cross-Country. and JUNIOR COLLEGE 495 Albion Aye., Learn to study, work, play on 1600 acre Cincinnati, Ohio 45240 Here, "at the Nation's farm in historic Chester Valley. Shrine," education extends Boy Choir — Religious Training beyond the academic to build CHARLES W. SHREINER, JR. character, and develop leadership. Headmaster DeVeaux School Grades 9 through 12 and Jr. College. Post Office: Box S. Paoli, Pa. 19301 America's most beautiful campus. 96 Niagara Falls, Hew Torfc modern buildings. Highest scholastic Foraons 1853 standards. Nationally accredited. In- THE WOODHULL SCHOOLS A Church School for boys in the Diocese «f dividualized guidance and tutoring. Western New York. Qsadet 9 through 12. College Preparatory. Snail Clanes. 50 acn Social development. Extensive read- Nursery to College Campus, Resident Faculty. Dormitories fa ing and spelling clinics. All sports 130, School Building, Chapel, Gymnastm HOLUS, L. L including horsemanship and polo. Re- and Swimming Pool; 9 interscholastic sports, Music, Ait. nowned bands. Sr. Army ROTC. ST. GABRIEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH DAVID A. KENNEDY, M. A., Hwdmister Summer camps. under the direction of the rector, Catalog. Box W, Wayne, Fkv 18087 Tas RT. Ray. LADBUIOW L. Scim, DJO. THE BJBV. ROBERT T. CONDIT (Mum, Board ef Trustees