Mammal Study

mammal study

STEM-Based BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA MERIT BADGE SERIES

MAMMAL STUDY

“Enhancing our youths’ competitive edge through merit badges” Requirements

1. Explain the meaning of “animal,” “invertebrate,” “vertebrate,” and “mammal.” Name three characteristics that distinguish mammals from all other animals.

2. Explain how the animal kingdom is classified. Explain where mammals fit in the classification of animals. Classify three mammals from phylum through species.

3. Do ONE of the following: a. Spend three hours in each of two different kinds of natural habitats or at different elevations. List the different mammal species and individual members that you identified by sight or sign. Tell why all mammals do not live in the same kind of habitat. b. Spend three hours on each of five days on at least a 25-acre area (about the size of 31/2 football fields). List the mammal species you identified by sight or sign. c. From study and reading, write a simple life history of one nongame mammal that lives in your area. Tell how this mammal lived before its habitat was affected in any way by humans. Tell how it reproduces, what it eats, and its natural habitat. Describe its dependency upon plants and other animals (including humans), and how they depend upon it. Tell how it is helpful or harmful to humankind.

35916 ISBN 978-0-8395-3271-7 ©2014 Boy Scouts of America 2014 Printing 4. Do ONE of the following: a. Under the guidance of a nature center or natural history museum, make two study skins of rats or mice. Tell the uses of study skins and mounted specimens respectively. b. Take good pictures of two kinds of mammals in the wild. Record the date(s), time of day, weather conditions, approximate distance from the animal, habitat conditions, and any other factors you feel may have influenced the animal’s activity and behavior. c. Write a life history of a native game mammal that lives in your area, covering the points outlined in requirement 3c. List sources for this information. d. Make and bait a tracking pit. Report what mammals and other animals came to the bait. e. Visit a natural history museum. Report on how specimens are prepared and cataloged. Explain the purposes of museums. f. Write a report of 500 words on a book about a mammal species. g. Trace two possible food chains of carnivorous mammals from soil through four stages to the mammal.

5. Working with your counselor, select and carry out one project that will influence the numbers of one or more mammals.

MAMMAL STUDY 3 Resources for Mammal Study.

Resources for Mammal Study Scouting Literature Chinery, Michael, ed. The Kingfisher Pocket Guide to Mammals; Illustrated Encyclopedia of Animals: Animal Science, Dog Care, From Aardvark to Zorille—and 2,000 Environmental Science, Fish Other Animals. Kingfisher Books, 1992. and Wildlife Management, Elbroch, Mark. Animal Skulls: Nature, Pets, and Veterinary A Guide to North American Species. Medicine merit badge pamphlets Stackpole Books, 2006. ———. Mammal Tracks and Sign: Visit the Boy Scouts of America’s A Guide to North American Species. official retail website at Stackpole Books, 2003. http://www.scoutstuff.org for a Graham, Gary L. Bats of the World. complete listing of all merit badge St. Martin’s Press, 2001. pamphlets and other helpful Halfpenny, James. A Field Guide Scouting materials and supplies. to Mammal Tracking. Johnson Books, 1988. Books Hare, Tony. Animal Fact File: Head-to-Tail Profiles of More Than Alderton, David. Foxes, Wolves, and Wild 100 Animals. Facts On File, 1999. Dogs of the World. Sterling, 1998. Hodge, Deborah. Deer, Moose, Elk, Barkhausen, Annette, and Franz and Caribou. Kids Can Press, 1999. Geiser. Rabbits and Hares. Gareth Stevens, 1994. Lumpkin, Susan. Small Cats. Facts On File, 1993. Bowen, Betsy. Tracks in the Wild. Little, Brown, 1993. Miller, Sara Swan. Rodents: From Mice to Muskrats. Franklin Watts, 1998. Bowers, Nora, Rick Bowers, and Kenn Kaufman. Mammals of North America. Stewart, Brent S., Phillip J. Clapham, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004. and James A. Powell. Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals Carwardine, Mark, et al. Whales, of the World. Knopf, 2002. Dolphins, and Porpoises. Nature Company: Time-Life Books, 1998. Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Czaplewski. Mammalogy, 5th ed. Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2010.

62 MAMMAL STUDY .Resources for Mammal Study

Whitaker, John O. National Audubon National Audubon Society Society Field Guide to North American 700 Broadway Mammals. Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. New York, NY 10003 Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff. Telephone: 212-979-3000 Smithsonian Book of North American Website: http://www.audubon.org Mammals. Smithsonian Books, 1999. National Wildlife Federation Zim, Herbert Spencer, and Donald F. 11100 Wildlife Center Drive Hoffmeister. Mammals: A Guide Reston, VA 20190 to Familiar American Species. Toll-free telephone: 800-822-9919 Golden Press, 1987. Website: http://www.nwf.org Other Resources Acknowledgments Mammals of the Great Smoky The Boy Scouts of America gives Mountains and Southern Appalachians special thanks to longtime Scouter App by BDY Environmental LLC Gary M. Stolz, Ph.D., for his assistance Organizations and Websites with the photography in this merit badge pamphlet. Dr. Stolz is with the American Society of Mammalogists U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and P.O. Box 7060 serves as its refuge manager for the Lawrence, KS 66044 John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge Telephone: 785-843-1234 at Tinicum and Cusano National Website: http://mammalsociety.org Environmental Education Center in Association of American Zoos Pennsylvania. and Aquariums Thanks to the Bat Conservation 8403 Colesville Road, Suite 710 International, Austin, Texas, for Silver Spring, MD 20910-3314 allowing us to reprint with permission Telephone: 301-562-0777 its plans for the bat house. Website: http://www.aza.org The Boy Scouts of America is Bat Conservation International grateful to the men and women serving P.O. Box 162603 on the Merit Badge Maintenance Task Austin, TX 78716 Force for the improvements made in Telephone: 512-327-9721 updating this pamphlet. Website: http://www.batcon.org Photo and Illustration Credits Conservation and Research Center National Zoo Information Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Washington, DC 20013-7012 Resource Service, Bugwood.org, Telephone: 202-633-4800 courtesy—page 20 (bottom right) Website: http://www.si.edu/crc Brand X Pictures, Bugs & Insects, ©2001—page 11 (arachnids, gastropods, annelida)

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