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Trichlorfon Health and Safety Guide

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Trichlorfon Health and Safety Guide S INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY Health and Safety Guide No. 66 TRICHLORFON HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE IN 0A UNEP UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME LABOUR ORGANISATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, GENEVA 1991 1Pcs Other HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDES available: 1. Aciylonitrile 41. Chlordecone 2. Kelevan 42. Vanadium 3. 1-Butanol 43. Dimethylformamide 4. 2-Butanol 44. Beiyllium 5. 2,4-Dichlorphenoxy- Actylamide acetic Acid (2,4-D) BarIum 6. Methylene Chloride 47. Atrazine 7. tert-Butanol 48. Bentazone 8. Epichlorohydrin 49, Captafol 9. Isobutanol 50. Captan 10. Tetrachloroethylene 51. Paraquat 11. Tetradifon 52. Dlquat 12. Tecnazene 53. Alpha- and Beta-Hexachioro- 13. Chlordane cyclohexane 14. Hqptachlor 54. Lindane 15. Propylene Oxide 55. 1,2-Dichloroethane 16. Ethylene Oxide 56. Hydrazine 17. Endosulfan 57. Formaldehyde 18. Dichlorvos 58. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 19. Pentachlorophenol 59. n-Hexane 20. Dlmethoate 60. Endrin 21. Aldrin and Dieldrin 61. Isobenzan 22. Cypermethrin 62. Nickel, Nickel Carbonyl, and some 23. Quintozene Nickel Compounds 24. Allethrins 63. Hexachlorocyclopentadlene 25. Resmethrins 64. Aldicarb 26. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids 65. Fenitrothion 27. Magnetic Fields 28. Phosphlne 29. Dimethyl Sulfate 30. Deltamethrin 31. Tetramethrin 32. d-Phenothrin 33. Permethrin 34. Fenvalerate 35. Phosphorus Trichloride and Phosphorus Oxychloride 36, Vinylldene Chloride Ammonia Cyhalothrin and Lambda- Cyhalothrin - Mirex Camphechlor 1PcS Health and Safety Guide No, 66 TRIC HLORFON Ii 0 i: V'II I] SAFETY GUIDE This is a companion volume to Environmental Health Criteria 132: Trichlorfon Published by the World Health Organization for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (a collaborative programme of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization) I WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, GENEVA 1991 This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not neressarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization WHO Library Cat&oguing in Publication Data Trkhlorfon: health and safety guide. (Health and safety guide no.66) 1.Trkhlorfon - adverse effects 2.Trichlc.rfon -poisoning 3.Trichlorfon - standards 4,Environmental exposure l.Series ISBN 924 151066 S (NLM Classificatlon WA 240) ISSN 0259-7265 © World Health Organization 1991 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications, in part or it to go, application should be made to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal Status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authonties. or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of speciOc companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital Letters. Computer tesetting by HEADS. Oxford 0X7 2NY, England Printed byWissenschaftliche Ver!agsgesellschaft mbH 11-7000 Stuttgart 10 CONTENTS Page iNTRODUCTION . 5 1, PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES .............7 1.1 Identity ........................7 1.2 Physical and chemical properties .........8 1,3 Analytical methods ..................8 1.4 Production and uses ..................8 SUMMARY AND EVALUATION .............10 2.1 Exposure ........................10 2.2 Uptake, metabolism, and excretion .........10 2.3 Effects on organisms in the environment 11 2.4 Effects on experimental animals and in vitro test systems ......................12 2.5 Effects on human beings .............13 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATiONS .., , 15 HUMAN HEALTH HAZARDS, PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, EMERGENCY ACTION .........17 4.1 Main human health hazards, prevention and protection, first aid ..................17 4.1.1 Advice to physicians .............17 4.1.1,1 Symptoms of poisoning .., 17 4.1.1.2 Medical treatment .........18 4.1.2 Health surveillance advice .........18 4.2 Explosion and fire hazards ..............19 4.3 Storage ........................119 4.4 Transport ........................19 3 CONTENTS Page 4.5 Spillage and disposal 20 4,5.1 Spillage ...................20 4.5.2 Disposal ...................20 HAZARDS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR PREVENTION ........................21 SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL SAFETY INFORMATION 23 CURRENT REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS ........................27 7,1 Previous evaluations by international bodies .... 27 7.2 Exposure limit values .................27 7.3 Specific restrictions ..................30 7.4 Labelling, packaging, and transport .........30 7.5 Waste disposal .....................33 BIBLiOGRAPHY ........................34 ANNEX I. TREATMENT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE POISONING IN MAN ...... 37 4 INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EFTC) documents produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. They also provide guidelines for setting exposure limits. The purpose of a Health and Safety Guide is to facilitate the application of these guidelines in national chemical safety programmes. The first three sections of a Health and Safety Guide highlight the relevant technical information in the corresponding EHC. Section 4 includes advice on preventive and protective measures and emergency action; health workers should be thoroughly familiar with the medical information to ensure that they can act efficiently in an emergency. Within the Guide is a Summary of Chemical Safety Information which should be readily available, and should be clearly explained, to all who could come into contact with the chemical. The section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) and from other United Nations sources, The target readership includes occupational health services, those in ministries, governmental agencies, industry, and trade unions who are involved in the safe use of chemicals and the avoidance of environmental health hazards, and those wanting more information on this topic. An attempt has been made to use only terms that will be familiar to the intended user. However, sections 1 and 2 inevitably contain some tech- nical terms. A bibliography has been included for readers who require further background information. Revision of the information in this Guide will take place in due course, and the eventual aim is to use standardized terminology. Comments on any difficulties encountered in using the Guide would be very helpful and should be addressed to: The Manager InterationaI Programme on Chemical Safety Division of Environmental Health World Health Organization 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A STARTING POINT TO A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMME 1. PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES 1.1 Identity Common name: trichiorfon (ISO) Chemical structure: CH3O 0 P Cl /\ 1 CH30 CH—C—Cl OH Cl Chemical formula: C4H8C1304P Relative molecular mass: 257.44 CAS chemical name: dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl- phosphonate Synonyms: Chiorofos; DEP; DETF; dipterex; dimetbyl 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethane- phosphonate; 0,0-dimethyl (2,2,2- trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate; metrifonate, foschlor; trichlorofon; trichiorphon Trade names: Agroforotox; Anthon; L 13/59; Bilarcil; Cekufon; Danex; Dipterex; Ditriphon; Dylox; Dyrex; Dyvon; Masoten; Metrifonate; Neguvon; Proxol, Tugon; Wotex CAS registry number: 52-68-6 7 PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES RTECS registry number: TA0700000 Conversion factors: 1 ppm = 11.4 mg/rn3 1 mg/rn3 0.088 ppm, at 25 °C and 101.3 kPa (760 mmflg) The purity of technical trichiorfon is reported to be more than 98%. It is a racemic mixture of two isomers. The main impurities are 2,2-dichloro- vinyl dimethyl phosphate, dichlorvos (0-0.2%), trichloroacetaldehyde (0-0,057c), dichioroacetaldehyde (0-0.03%), methyl hydrogen 2,2,2-tn- chloro-1-hvdroxyethylphosphonate, demethyl trichiorfon (0-0.3%), and water (less than 0.37o). The technical product also contains phosphoric acid, 2,2,2-trich1oro-1hydroxvethylphosphonic acid, and dimethyl phosphite. 1.2 PhysIcal and Chemical Properties Trichlorfon is a colourless crystalline powder that is stable at room temperature. It is slowly hydrolysed in acid media; the half-life is 526 days at pH 1-5 and 20 °C. In alkaline media, at pH 8 and 37.5 °C, it hydrolyses initially to the more toxic compound dichiorvos, but is essentially 100% hydrolysed in 24 h to less toxic products, such as dirnethyl hydrogen phosphate, dichloroacetaldehyde, and givoxal. Trichlorfon also decoin- poses under ultraviolet irradiation. Some physical properties are given in the Summary of Chemical Safety Information
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