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Analysis of the Key Features of the Seismic Actions Due to the Three Main Earthquakes of May 11, 2011 in Lorca, Spain

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Analysis of the Key Features of the Seismic Actions Due to the Three Main Earthquakes of May 11, 2011 in Lorca, Spain ISSN 2007-9737 Analysis of the Key Features of the Seismic Actions due to the Three Main Earthquakes of May 11, 2011 in Lorca, Spain Armando Aguilar-Melendez´ 1,2, Josep de la Puente1, Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco1, Hector´ Rodr´ıguez-Lozoya3, Otilio Rojas1, Celia M. Calderon-Ram´ on´ 2, Octavio Castillo-Reyes1, Alejandro Garc´ıa-El´ıas2, Amelia Campos Rios4 1 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 2 Universidad Veracruzana, Poza Rica, Mexico 3 Universidad Autonoma´ de Sinaloa, Culiacan,´ Mexico 4 Private Consultant, Mexico faguilar.uv, [email protected], fccalderon, [email protected], fjosep.delapuente, marisol.monterrubio, otilio.rojas, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The seismic records are in general valuable values of acceleration that occurred in the roof of the information, especially in cases where damage in buildings of Lorca, because these values of acceleration buildings has occurred. The main purpose of the contributed both to the damage of numerous buildings present document is to describe the principal results and the collapse of several parapets of some buildings. of the analysis of features of ground motions due to The analysis of these accelerations is relevant because the main three earthquakes that occurred in Spain on the collapse of some parapets was the cause of the May 11, 2011. In this day the major earthquake had death of the 9 people that died during the main a magnitude of 5.1 Mw. This event triggered different earthquake. For example, according to our study in levels of damage in numerous buildings in the city the roof of a building with a fundamental period of 0.25 of Lorca located in southern Spain. Unfortunately, 9 s the acceleration could have reached values near to persons died due mainly to the collapse of non-structural 1.04 g. We also analyzed the potential of damage in elements. We describe in the present paper the function of the values of CAVST D. Additionally, we application of the software Seismograms Analyzer-e determined hypothetical seismic forces for the design of (SA-e) to perform the processing and the analysis of the parapets in buildings of Lorca considering the NCSE-02 seismic records obtained in five stations during the main normative, and the values of Sa based on the seismic three earthquakes on May 11 (the largest earthquake records. We determined a significant difference between of magnitude 5.1 Mw, the precursor of magnitude 4.5 the seismic forces that could have been used to design Mw, and the aftershock of magnitude 3.9 Mw). We the parapets of the buildings in the Lorca city and the also highlight the significant similitudes between the forces determined according to the values of PGA that seismograms generated in the LOR station during these were proposed in a recent study of seismic hazard for three earthquakes. Additionally, we determined the Spain. Computación y Sistemas, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2019, pp. 365–389 doi: 10.13053/CyS-23-2-3199 ISSN 2007-9737 366 Armando Aguilar Meléndez, Josep de la Puente, Marisol Monterrubio Velasco, Héctor Rodríguez Lozoya, et al. Keywords. Lorca, seismograms analyzer-e, seismic and underlined important features of the seismic actions in non-structural elements, PGA, intensity of actions that generated significant damage both in Arias, CAV, CAVST D. the structures and in the non-structural elements of the buildings [33, 12]. 1 Introduction The main damage to the non-structural elements occurred in the parapets of some buildings. This On May 11, 2011, a group of earthquakes occurred damage was critical because the collapse of some near to the Lorca city of Spain. The main of those parapets was the main reason for the three earthquakes that happened that day were of deaths that occurred in Lorca City during the earthquake No. 2 (Table 1) [33, 12]. At the same magnitude Mw equal to 4.5, 5.1 and 3.9 (Table 1). These earthquakes were relevant because time, the present document has the purpose of their depth was only between 2 and 4 km and call attention to some of the pending tasks that they occurred near to the Lorca city (between were recommended since the occurrence of the 4.6 and 6 km from the epicenter). The features earthquakes of Lorca in 2011. This last condition of the earthquakes and their nearness to the can be exemplified with the fact that nowadays Lorca city are fundamental factors that contribute there is not a new addition or modification to the to explaining the significant damages that were seismic codes for Spain related to the experiences generated in numerous buildings in that city [32]. of the Lorca earthquakes. Particularly, one building collapsed totally and 1164 buildings suffered significant damage [32, 23]. Table 2. Basic data about the nearest 5 stations to the earthquakes of Table 1 Unfortunately, nine persons died [33, 23] during the earthquake of magnitude 5.1 mainly because of Station Station Station Type the collapse of non-structural elements as parapets name Location coordinates of soil of buildings [33, 12, 23, 32]. Additionally, near 250 Lat. persons were injured due to the same earthquake Long. of magnitude 5.1 [33]. Furthermore, the total LOR Lorca 37.67673 Rock losses assessed by the Municipality of Lorca were (Murcia) -1.70023 (R) about 1200 million euros [28]. ZAR Zarcilla 37.84462 Firm soil de Ramos -1.87790 (H) Table 1. Basic data of the main three earthquakes that (Murcia) occurred on May 11, 2011, near to the city of Lorca (IGN, AM2 Alhama de 37.84153 Soft soil 2017).*Foreshock, **Mainshock, ***Aftershock Murcia -1.43440 (S) No. Time Epicenter Depth Mag. (Murcia) EQ. Lat. (km) VLR Velez-Rubio´ 37.64825 Firm soil Long. (Almer´ıa) -2.07450 (H) 1* 15:05:13 37.7196 2 4.5 MUL Mula 38.03960 Firm soil -1.7076 (Murcia) -1.49412 (H) 2** 16:47:26 37.7175 4 5.1 -1.7114 In the present document, we described the most 3*** 20:37:45 37.7308 4 3.9 important results that we obtained from an analysis -1.7012 of seismic records that we performed applying the software Seismograms Analyzer-e. Specifically, The study of the ground motion data of the we processed seismic records due to the main 2011 Lorca earthquakes that we described in three earthquakes that occurred in Lorca on May the present document complements some aspects 11, 2011 (Table 1). of the different analysis that were performed by As a part of the processing procedure, we other researchers [37, 8]. Moreover, we analyzed obtained parameters and graphs to facilitate the Computación y Sistemas, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2019, pp. 365–389 doi: 10.13053/CyS-23-2-3199 ISSN 2007-9737 Analysis367 of the Key Features of the Seismic Actions due to the Three Main Earthquakes of May 11, 2011... 2 Obtaining and Analyzing Ground Motion Data 2.1 Obtaining the Data The procedure for obtaining the data is, in general, a basic step in numerous research projects. In the case of the study of the earthquakes the seismic stations are essential to obtain records of the features of the ground motions1 Nowadays, the researchers analyze seismic records that are obtained by diverse national and international institutions. This last condition also Fig. 1. Location of the epicenters of the main three earthquakes that occurred on May 11, 2011, means that the possibility that the researchers in Lorca (Triangle-Foreshock;Circle-Mainshock; Plus can access the data depends on different factors symbol-Aftershock) including the particular rules of each public or private institution that manage a network of seismic stations. At the same time, it is convenient to analysis and comparison of the ground motions highlight that there are important advances in triggered by the Lorca earthquakes. For instance, the creation of new tools that allow obtaining we computed PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration), without any cost, seismic records that have PGV (Peak Ground Velocity), PGD (Peak Ground been recorded by different networks around the Displacement), Fourier spectrum of amplitudes, world. However, nowadays, there are significant quantities of seismic records that are not public. Ia (Arias Intensity), CAV (Cumulative Absolute Velocity), CAVST D. (Standardized Cumulative Absolute Velocity) and DSR (Significant Duration). For these reasons, it is convenient to continue with the activities and the assignations of economic resources that increase the number of public Furthermore, we computed parameters and seismic records available. The free access to graphs to analyze the seismic actions in buildings, any seismic record will contribute to increasing our e.g. we computed response spectra. Moreover, knowledge about earthquakes. In the case of the we assessed seismic forces that could be used to Lorca earthquakes, the nearest seismic stations design the parapets of buildings in Lorca and, we available during the occurrence of the earthquakes assessed examples of the seismic forces that could were stations of the IGN. For this reason, we did have acted during the Lorca earthquakes. a request to the IGN to obtain the seismic records of Lorca. Fortunately, the criteria of the IGN is to share the seismic data, and this condition allowed Figure 1 shows the following elements: i) the us to do the present study. epicenter of each one of the three earthquakes that we analyzed in the present study and; ii) the 1To maintain on appropriate service conditions each network location of the nearest station to these epicenters of seismic stations, it is necessary to assign significant (LOR station). Additionally, Figure 2 shows the economic resources. This last condition is a basic fact that contributes to explain why nowadays there are many seismic location of the nearest five stations (Table 2) to the regions of the world that do not have an appropriate network of Lorca earthquakes.
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