2018: A Year in Review A Year in Review — 2018 Contents

Foreword 6

ICTP Research 8

ICTP Impact 12

A Hub for Global Scientific Excellence 16

Awarding Scientific Excellence 18

Education and Training 20

Partner Institutes 24

A Year in Review 2018 Outreach 26 The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

Compiled by the ICTP Public Information Office Supporting Gender Equality 28 Designed by Jordan Chatwin Photos: Roberto Barnabà, ICTP Photo Archives, except those specified as follows: Governance 30 page 11: TWAS; pages 12-13: ICTP scientists; pages 14-15: Giovanni Ortolani; page 17: Jennifer Thomson courtesy of OWSD; Shigefumi Mori courtesy of Kyoto University; page 23: Giovanni Ortolani; page 24: Scientific and Administrative Staff 2018 33 ICTP-SAIFR, MCTP; page 25: UCAS; page 27: PWF (middle photo); page 29: Giovanni Ortolani Print: Art Group Graphics s.r.l.

Public Information Office The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Strada Costiera, 11 I – 34151 Trieste Italy e-mail: [email protected] www.ictp.it

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4 5 Foreword

The year 2018 was very active for ICTP, so much so that key players in quantum computing from the private In October, ICTP officially opened two partner Several ICTP scientists received international only a few events can be highlighted here. ICTP started sector (Google, IBM) and the European Commission institutions: the East African Institute for Fundamental recognitions, including Erio Tosatti, who was awarded off its new year of quality scientific activities with the Flagship programme on Quantum Technologies. Research in Kigali, Rwanda, and ICTP-AP (Asian the prestigious Fermi Prize, and Bobby Acharya, KFAS-funded Salam Distinguished Lecture Series. For Pacific) in Beijing, China. EAIFR was opened with two who received the Lawrence Bragg Medal in part for 2018, the featured speaker was Alan Guth, the Victor ICTP’s colloquia series was diverse and of top quality, activities: A revival of the African Physical Society, his contributions to science in developing countries, F. Weisskopf Professor of Physics and a Margaret ranging from the president of OWSD, Jennifer Thomson, and a Career Development Workshop for Women including his leading role in the traditional African MacVicar Faculty Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of talking on the Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified in Science. A master physics programme was also School of Fundamental Physics and the ICTP Physics Technology. Guth is widely recognized as the father of the Crops to the 2017 Physics Nobel Laureate Kip Thorne started. ICTP-AP will begin its activities in 2019. Without Frontiers programme. Renato Padovani, who inflationary theory of the Universe, the leading description delivering a colloquium on Geometrodynamics: coordinates the ICTP-IAEA-University of Trieste Master of early-universe cosmology. He delivered a series of The Nonlinear Dynamics of Curved Spacetime. His In the spirit of open access, ICTP decided to cancel its in Medical Physics programme, received recognition three lectures, from 29 to 31 January, titled Inflationary presence was very inspiring for the ICTP community, subscription to Elsevier’s bundle of science journals from the International Organization for Medical Physics. Cosmology: Is Our Universe Part of a Multiverse? especially the Diploma and PhD students. after negotiations with the publisher failed to produce an acceptable solution for the Centre. The growing costs ICTP had a major loss after the sudden passing of In March, ICTP honoured the 2017 Dirac Medallists ICTP collaborates closely with Italian research institutes of the contract, which has been in effect since 2001, GianCarlo Ghirardi, one of the founding figures of many with a ceremony and lectures by the three winners: in Trieste, which collectively are known as the “Trieste did not represent a good value for money. With this ICTP programmes and renowned researcher, teacher and Charles Bennett, David Deutsch and Peter Shor. The System”. In 2018, the Centre took concrete steps to action, ICTP joined science institutes and universities recent recipient of the Spirit of Salam award. GianCarlo three were recognized for their ground-breaking formalize those ties by creating two joint initiatives: the around the world who have been steadily staging revolts will be much missed by the whole ICTP community. work in applying fundamental concepts of quantum Institute for Geometry and Physics (IGAP) in collaboration against the high costs of large publishers’ bundled mechanics to solving basic problems in computation and with SISSA, and the Institute for Fundamental Physics of the journal packages by cancelling their subscriptions. I would like to finish by stating that all the successful communication, bringing together the fields of quantum Universe (IFPU) in collaboration with SISSA, INFN and INAF. achievements of ICTP regarding our more than 150 mechanics, computer science, and information theory. These initiatives aim at strengthening the collaborations In 2018 we were pleased to welcome several new young students, postdocs and visitors are thanks to a shared among the institutions by having joint activities, programmes, faculty members: Kyriakos Papadodimas, Pavel Putrov, effort by the ICTP community, scientists and administrative The ceremony provided ICTP with an opportunity to projects and training in these fields. The activities have Emanuel Carneiro, and Edgar Roldán to reinforce our staff that work very hard to make this institution so special. organize a public event after the Dirac ceremony on boosted the scientific collaborations within the Trieste research, education and outreach in Mathematics, a theme related to that of the three Dirac Medallists’ system. In addition, ICTP, SISSA and the University of Trieste Quantitative Life Sciences and High Energy Physics. research: quantum technologies. Titled Quantum announced their intentions to collaborate on research Their arrival has already made a great impact on the Technologies: Dawn of a New Industrial Revolution, related to quantum technologies. The three partners agreed academic environment of the institution. the event was held in downtown Trieste and to form the Trieste Institute for the Theory of Quantum Fernando Quevedo attended by nearly 200 people. Speakers included Technologies (TQT), which will formally be launched in 2019. Director, ICTP

6 7 Q3 Q4 ICTP’s Quality Q2 Q1–78% ICTP Researchers Research ICTP Research Q2–14% More than 75% of ICTP research is Q1 in Numbers, 2018 published in the most-cited physics Q3–5% journals, an indication of the quality of ICTP is proud of its long research tradition, which began in 1964 when ICTP research (pie chart shows portion in Q4–2% most-cited (Q1) to least-cited journals) Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam founded the centre. Over the decades, number of researchers ICTP has stayed true to its roots, maintaining a strong presence of (staff, consultants, longterm visiting scientists, postdoctoral fellows) Number of papers theoretical physics research. At the same time, the Centre has had 183 produced within ICTP the foresight to branch out into new research areas that address key sustainability concerns, such as Earth system physics and 500

number of countries 400 renewable energy, as well as fields that encourage a multidisciplinary represented by approach, such as its Quantitative Life Sciences section. ICTP researchers 300 54 200 ICTP’s unique strength lies in its ability to bring together large 100 numbers of gifted scientists from developing and developed 1964 2018 countries to participate in joint research. From its early focus on LDC Region of origin, Developed ICTP researchers: theoretical high energy physics, the Centre’s research areas have countries Total number of citations evolved in response to the needs of physicists and mathematicians 48% – Developed to ICTP Papers 44% – Developing from the developing world, and now include the areas below. 25,000 8% – LDC Developing 20,000 countries 15,000

10,000

5,000

1964 2018

High Energy, Cosmology and Condensed Matter and Mathematics Applied Physics Earth System Physics Quantitive Life Sciences Astroparticle Physics Statistical Physics ICTP’s Mathematics section From archaeology to X-ray imaging, Understanding the various Scientists in ICTP’s newest The High Energy, Cosmology Research in the CMSP section spans emphasizes two core functions: and from optics and lasers to satellite components of the Earth system, research section, Quantitative and Astroparticle Physics section some of the most exciting areas the creation of new mathematical navigation and fast detectors, including their interactions and Life Sciences, are uncovering at ICTP is studying some of the of theoretical condensed matter knowledge and its global ICTP’s Applied Physics section processes, forms the basis of the underlying physics in the most exciting areas in physics physics, including the physics of dissemination, in particular to encompasses diverse areas of research by ICTP’s Earth System broad domain of life sciences today, from string theory to nanostructures, of many-body quantum developing countries. Research research that respond to the most Physics section. From building and that encompasses disciplines physics at large energy colliders, systems at, or far from equilibrium, by ICTP’s mathematicians reflects critical needs of the ICTP scientific using models of climate change ranging from molecular and from neutrino phenomenology the computer simulations of fluids the important synergy between community. The areas are, in fact, and its impacts to deciphering cell biology to terrestrial and to alternative cosmologies. and solids with atomistic, molecular mathematics and physics, as among the activities for which the the mechanics of earthquakes oceanic ecology, and economics and electronic structure methods, well as the role of mathematics demand in developing countries and volcanoes, ESP research and quantitative finance. Image: © 2012 CERN and the design of new materials for in driving the rapid development is enormous and growing. covers a wide spectrum. renewable energy applications. of technological advances.

8 9 ICTP Research Research Collaboration

ICTP scientists and mathematicians Interdisciplinary perform joint research with some of the Research world’s top science institutes, including: Initiatives Achievements • Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées • CERN (ATLAS experiment) ICTP collaborates closely with Italian research institutes • European Space Agency in Trieste, which collectively are known as the “Trieste • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change System”. In 2018, the Centre took concrete steps to • International Mathematical Union formalize those ties by creating two joint institutes. • International Telecommunications Union • International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy • Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience ICTP and the Trieste-based Scuola Internazionale and Centre for Neural Computation Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) combined their • Max Plank Institute for Quantum Optics strengths as international centres of physics and • Princeton University mathematics excellence to form a new institute • SISSA dedicated to innovation in the two fields. Inaugurated • University of Oxford • University of Rome Tor Vergata in July, the Institute for Geometry and Physics (IGAP) • World Climate Research Programme ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo accepting the TWAS promotes innovative and interdisciplinary research, The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) awarded its Abdus Salam Medal from TWAS President Bai Chunli highlighting the complementary and profound role that prestigious Abdus Salam Medal to ICTP Director Fernando physics and mathematics contribute to each other. Quevedo for his strong leadership of the Centre and his efforts to build science in the developing world. Quevedo, Bobby Acharya of ICTP’s High Energy, Cosmology, and The new institute strengthens the on-going collaboration The Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe a Guatemalan theoretical physicist and TWAS Fellow, Astroparticle Physics section, was awarded the Institute between the two Institutes on these topics, boosting (IFPU) will host and promote a vigorous and innovative has served as ICTP’s director since 2009, and will step of Physics’ 2018 Lawrence Bragg Medal and Prize. The their strong capacity in mathematics and physics. multidisciplinary research programme, with the goal down from the position in 2019. He has credited Salam prize recognizes Acharya’s commitment and hard work It aims to create long-lasting training projects, with to promote synergy between groups separated by with being a role model and an inspiration, saying that on several projects to teach and promote physics in the the ambition to become a reference point at the geographical and cultural barriers. Recent discoveries he sought to emulate Salam’s balanced commitment to developing world, with the ultimate aim of developing national and international level in the field. such as the accelerated expansion of the universe, scientific research and to building scientific institutions sustainable physics research communities there. The the Higgs boson and gravitational waves, have been for developing countries. “As I near the end of my term as Institute of Physics (IOP) cited Acharya’s work on the In October, ICTP, SISSA and two additional Italian science associated to high-precision observations of the cosmic ICTP director, I am pleased to be given such prestigious recurrent African School of Physics, teaching and training organizations--the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica microwave background conducted by the Planck recognition by TWAS,” said Quevedo. He added, “For in Palestine for many years, and setting up an ATLAS (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare satellite and to the detailed large-scale mapping of the past nine years, Abdus Salam’s vision for ICTP experiment group at ICTP. The Prize also singled out (INFN)--inaugurated a new institute dedicated to the the structure of the universe. These developments has guided my efforts in building the centre to what it work Acharya has done as the co-coordinator of the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature from highlight the need to unite different communities for a enjoys today: a vastly expanded presence throughout ICTP Physics Without Frontiers Programme, together a cosmological and astrophysical perspective. renewed dialogue between theory and observations. the developing world, strongly committed to a mission with ICTP visiting scientist Kate Shaw, bringing physics The institute will start with the intellectual contribution of of promoting scientific excellence and opportunities outreach, workshops, and courses all over the world. researchers from the four founding members. IFPU aims for all. To be recognized for these efforts by an award to extend and consolidate international collaborations, named after ICTP’s founder is a great honour for me.” an essential step to pursue major present and future Marcello Dalmonte, a researcher with ICTP’s Condensed projects connected with the discovery of space. Matter and Statistical Physics section, is among the Erio Tosatti, a co-founder and senior member of ICTP’s recipients of a €1 billion European Commission initiative The inauguration ceremony included a keynote Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics section, called the Quantum Flagship that funds quantum address, titled “A remarkable interaction: fundamental received the 2018 Enrico Fermi Prize by the Italian Physical technology. These are technologies that are based on physics, astrophysics, and cosmology”, by George Society (SIF), their highest honour. Tosatti shares the prize the laws of quantum mechanics, which govern physics Ellis, distinguished scientist and Professor Emeritus of with Federico Capasso of Harvard University and Lev at the atomic scale. For the first three-year phase of Applied Mathematics at the University of Cape Town. Pitaevskii of the University of Trento for their “outstanding the Flagship, Dalmonte is co-principal investigator of a contributions in understanding the quantum properties research project that will focus on quantum simulation, In February 2018, ICTP, SISSA and the University of of condensed matter”. SIF cited Tosatti’s “fundamental one of five of the Quantum Flagship’s research themes. (from left) ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo, keynote speaker George Ellis, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Trieste announced their intentions to collaborate theoretical contributions aimed to understand the optical Quantum simulators study quantum systems, such as (INAF) President Nicolò D’Amico, Istituto Nazionale di on research related to quantum technologies. properties of solids, in particular of surface and transport the atomic make-up of materials or chemical reactions, Fisica Nucleare (INFN) President Fernando Ferroni, and The three partners agreed to form the Trieste phenomena, even in extreme conditions of dimensional performing tasks that are too complex for the most Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) Institute for the Theory of Quantum Technologies confinement, high temperature and pressure”. powerful, transistor-based classical computers. Director Stefano Ruffo at the IFPU inauguration (TQT), which will formally be launched in 2019.

10 11 Our Impact

ICTP supports research and training activities of physicists and mathematicians living and working in developing countries, primarily by providing assistance for regional activities. Such support complements the training and research that is provided to developing-country scientists at ICTP. Our goal is to boost the scientific level of individuals, groups or institutes in developing Russia countries to an international level through North-South M collaboration, and to stimulate networking of scientists Belarus in the developing regions to reach a critical mass of C researchers through South-South collaboration. Russia Ukraine France Italy Romania M M M M C M Uzbekistan China ICTP also provides funds for graduate schools to support Belarus M Armenia S student grants, fellowships for young researchers, C Bosnia & Herzegovina C M visits of research collaborators and other activities. Ukraine France M Italy RomaniaSerbia M M M C M M M M M Iran Uzbekistan China Nepal Assistance is coordinated by ICTP’s Office of External S S MMM M S South Korea Morocco Armenia Bangladesh M C M Activities (OEA), and is carried out through ICTP BosniaM & HerzegovinaC C M M

M Serbia Affiliated Centres (there were 9 in 2018 in Africa, Tunisia Jordan Pakistan Iran Mexico Senegal Algeria M M M M Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America) through S M M M M M M M M MNepal S M M S S S M M M South Korea which ICTP directly supported 20 postdoctorate Morocco Bangladesh United Arab Emirates India M Viet Nam C M M C M students. The OEA also supported 9 research Ghana Togo M S M M M M M S M Cuba Ethiopia S M Philippines group networks in 2018, as well as 70 scientific TunisiaNigeria Jordan Pakistan Thailand Guatemala S S Mexico Senegal Algeria Malaysia M meetings and 12 visiting scholars and consultants. S M M M M M M M M M M M S SS M M S M United Arab Emirates India Viet Nam Uganda Ghana Togo Cameroon M S M M M M M S M Indonesia Cuba Benin EthiopiaM Colombia S M Philippines C NigeriaC M M S S Thailand M Guatemala M M Malaysia M M M S S Ecuador Rwanda Tanzania M

M M S C M UgandaS M Brazil Benin Cameroon M Indonesia Colombia Snapshots of ICTP activities held around the world in C S S S C C M M M Peru M M 2018, including (above, from left to right) Guatemala, M M M M M M Zimbabwe Ecuador M Rwanda Tanzania Brazil, Namibia and (below) Cameroon M M M Namibia S C M S M UruguayBrazil S S C S S S Peru Chile M M M M M M M Zimbabwe M M South Africa M Namibia M M M Uruguay S ICTP Partner Institutes (4) Argentina S Chile S M M M M M M M M South Africa S Schools and Workshops (21) M M M

Argentina S M M M M M M C ICTP-OEA Affiliated Centres (9)

ICTP-OEA Networks (9)

M ICTP-OEA Scientific Meetings (70)

12 13 A Boost to Science in Africa

ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo delivering remarks at the ICTP- EAIFR inauguration in Kigali

(from left) ICTP-EAIFR Director Omololu Akin-Ojo, Minister of Education for Rwanda Dr. Eugene Mutimura, and ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo

Representatives from the Rwandan government, ICTP ICTP-EAIFR faculty Marcello Musso (far right) with the and the University of Kigali at first students of ICTP's new partner institute in Rwanda the ICTP-EAIFR inauguration

ICTP-EAIFR offers hope for EAIFR was officially opened at a ceremony attended Minister Mutimura stated that Africa is home to the ceremony. “ICTP is the most successful international Africa’s science development by hundreds of African scientists young and old, along 15% of the world’s population and produces just organization to support science world-wide. Governments with their international counterparts. The Minister 2% of the world’s research output. The continent and policy makers are appreciating how important of Education for Rwanda, Dr. Eugene Mutimura, currently has 198 researchers per million people, science is. To take steps to improve the level of science in began his address to the crowd by thanking ICTP for compared with 428 in Chile and over 4,000 in the the world, particularly in developing countries, it is good Alaa Mohammed Bakhit of Sudan aspires to be choosing Rwanda as the host country for the new UK and US. “To achieve just the world average for to see an example, and ICTP is such an example. We want an astrophysicist. Jean Claude Uwayezu, from centre. “I am delighted to learn that partner institutes the number of researchers per capita, the continent ICTP-EAIFR to be a projection of ICTP for all of Africa.” Rwanda, dreams of becoming an international are now an integral part of the strategy of the ICTP needs another million new PhDs,” he said. researcher. Aloys Rubwiriza wants to study to enhance its mission. The ICTP-EAIFR is central Quevedo shared the institute’s belief that no continent geophysics to understand the volatile volcanic to ICTP’s direct involvement in Africa,” he said. He ended his speech on a positive note, however, quoting has a monopoly of talented people; rather, the talent activities in his native northern Rwandan region. the words of Paul Kagame, President of the Republic for science and technology is distributed worldwide. The African continent still faces a significant challenge of Rwanda, who spoke at ICTP’s 50th anniversary “As long as you have the opportunities to develop your The three are among the first intake of students at related to numbers of well-trained professionals in celebration in October 2014: “The ICTP’s commitment career and do your research, then you are able to do it ICTP’s new partner institute in Rwanda, the East science and technology, and therefore cannot fully to establish its East African Regional Centre in Rwanda in spite of your origins,” he said, adding, “Developing African Institute for Fundamental Research (EAIFR). take advantage of the benefits science, technology is of great practical and symbolic importance to us as countries have been lacking these opportunities. Inaugurated on 18 October, EAIFR offers the same and innovation can offer, explained Minister Mutimura. a nation. We look forward to working together with ICTP wants to add to that effort worldwide. We have quality research and educational opportunities for which He shared sobering statistics about the state of African the rest of the region and ICTP to make this venture trained enough African scientists at ICTP to know ICTP is world-renowned, but at a location more easily research: “The region as a whole is still characterized a success. You can count on our strong support.” that they are capable and can perform well, and accessible to African scientists. It has been designated by relatively low resources devoted to research and now we want to enhance that activity based here in a UNESCO Category 2 institute in recognition of its development....the average expenditure devoted to R&D “This is a historical moment for ICTP-EAIFR, and for Africa where we can have much more impact.” He important role in building scientific capacity in Africa. for countries in the region remains less than 0.4% of GDP.” ICTP,” remarked ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo at concluded, “We have big expectations for EAIFR.”

14 15 ICTP: A Hub for Global Distinguished ICTP started off its new year of quality scientific activities with its annual Salam Distinguished Lecture Series. For Scientific Excellence ICTP Activities in Numbers Visitors 2018 2018, the featured speaker was Alan Guth, the Victor F. Weisskopf Professor of Physics and a Margaret MacVicar Faculty Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute Why do scientists from around the world come to ICTP? scientific of Technology. Guth delivered a series of three lectures, The reasons are many: to participate in the annual 5607 visitors in 2018 titled “Inflationary Cosmology: Is Our Universe Part programme of high-level conferences; to meet in person of a Multiverse?”. The Salam Distinguished Lecture some of the world’s top physicists; to form an international Series is sponsored by the Kuwait Foundation for the network of collaborators. Since ICTP’s opening in of visitors Advancement of Sciences. Video recordings of the 1964, the centre has hosted more than 160,000 visits were women lectures are available on ICTP’s YouTube channel. by scientists from 188 countries; visitors have included 25% more than a hundred Nobel Laureates. For those who The president of the Organisation for Women in Science can’t come to its Trieste campus, ICTP also organizes nations for the Developing World (OWSD), Jennifer Thomson, activities throughout the developing world, including at represented delivered a colloquium on “The Pros and Cons of its partner institutes in Brazil, China, Mexico and Rwanda. 142 Alan Guth Genetically Modified Crops.” Thomson’s research field is the development of genetically modified maize resistant Scientists also visit ICTP to congratulate the winners conferences, schools to the African endemic maize streak virus and tolerant to of its yearly prizes and medals, most which are given 59 and workshops drought. She is emeritus professor in the Department of to top physicists and mathematicians from developing Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of Cape Town. countries. Its Dirac Medal, one of the most prestigious medals in the field of theoretical physics, can be training activities in From winning a physics Nobel Prize to developing the considered as a barometer for future success: five 21 developing countries concept for a Hollywood blockbuster film, theoretical medallists have proceeded to win Physics Nobel Prizes. physicist Kip Thorne’s expertise and enthusiasm for astrophysics has captured the minds and imaginations of millions. His research in gravitational waves Jennifer Thomson contributed to their detection by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2015, and Attendance to ICTP Conferences, he lent his scientific credentials as a consultant for Workshops and Schools by Field, 2018 the 2014 film Interstellar. Thorne brought his brand of science excitement to ICTP, where he delivered a colloquium on “Geometrodynamics: The Nonlinear 1200 Dynamics of Curved Spacetime”. A video recording of Thorne’s talk is available on ICTP’s YouTube channel. 1000 Mathematician and physicist James Yorke, known 800 as the “father of chaos”, attended an ICTP workshop on nonequilibrium systems. Yorke is a Distinguished 600 Kip Thorne University Research Professor of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Maryland, College Park. 400 He and a co-author are credited with introducing the mathematical term “chaos” in a 1975 paper. ICTP asked 200 Yorke about the meaning of chaos and its applications; the interview is at https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/ media-centre/news/2018/6/yorke-interview.aspx. 0 HPC QLS MATH ESP HECAP CMSP AP Fields Medallist Shigefumi Mori gave a colloquium at Participants 269 282 451 457 548 923 1137 ICTP in November. The distinguished mathematician, Person- who is an emeritus professor at the Research Institute months 82.19 93.99 187.33 171.57 197.45 372.01 368.55 Shigefumi Mori for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan, talked on “The Birational Classification of Algebraic Varieties”.

16 17 Awarding Scientific Excellence: ICTP’s Prizes and Medals 2018

Ritabrata Munshi Urbasi Sinha Luis E.F. Foa Torres and Hongjun Xiang 2018 Ramanujan International ICTP Prize 2018 Prize for Young Commission for Mathematicians from Optics/ICTP Gallieno ICTP awarded its 2018 ICTP Prize to Luis E.F. Foà Torres of the Developing Countries Denardo Award University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, and to Hongjun Xiang of Fudan ICTP awarded the 2018 Ramanujan The 2018 International Commission University, Shanghai, China. The Prize for Young Mathematicians from for Optics/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Prize recognized their independent Developing Countries to Ritabrata Award went to Urbasi Sinha of contributions to the theoretical Munshi of the Indian Statistical the Raman Research Institute in advancement of condensed matter Institute, Kolkata, India and the Tata Bengaluru, India. Dr. Sinha has physics of modern solid-state

ICTP Dirac Medallists 2018: Xiao-Gang Wen, Institute of Fundamental Research, established India’s first laboratory materials, including low dimensional Dam Thanh Son and Subir Sachdev Mumbai, India. The prize is in dedicated to quantum optics for and nanoscale systems. Theory recognition of Munshi’s outstanding quantum communication and work by Luis Foà Torres contributed work in number theory, a branch computing. The ICO/ICTP Award cites importantly to our understanding ICTP Dirac Medal of pure mathematics that studies her pioneering research in photonic of topological insulators, graphene properties of integers, or numbers quantum technologies, contributions and two-dimensional materials ICTP awarded its 2018 Dirac Medal with each other in various ways. used their broad knowledge of that do not have a fractional part. In to cutting edge experimental and nanotubes, including quantum and Prize to three distinguished These interactions make quantum areas including materials science, particular, the Prize cites Munshi’s research in quantum optics, and transport and optoelectronics. physicists—Subir Sachdev of Harvard entanglement important to consider, black holes, and cold atoms to profound contributions to the study extensive and multifaceted outreach Hongjun Xiang developed first- University, Dam Thanh Son of the and so applying quantum mechanics further our understanding of many- of analytic properties of L-functions activities towards popularizing principles-based computational University of Chicago, and Xiao-Gang to these systems becomes very body systems, proving the value and automorphic forms. Munshi has experimental optical science in India. methods addressing a vast Wen of the Massachusetts Institute of complicated. The complex patterns of a multidisciplinary approach. developed an ingenious method variety of problems, including Technology—for their independent of quantum entanglement are key which produced a breakthrough Walter Kohn Prize low-dimensional materials and contributions toward understanding to understanding the macroscopic “This year’s Dirac Medallists are all in the field, going significantly multiferroics, where his approach novel phases in strongly interacting properties of a material, especially leaders in using cross-disciplinary beyond what was known before. The Walter Kohn Prize for quantum- has become standard in the field. many-body systems, introducing when many-body systems exhibit methods for concrete theoretical ICTP administers the award jointly mechanical materials and molecular original cross-disciplinary techniques. surprising emergent behavior. physics questions,” said ICTP with the Department of Science modeling was awarded to Gabriel Director Fernando Quevedo. He and Technology (DST, Government Merino, a researcher from Centro All three winners study how Understanding the dynamics of added that the three winners are of India), and the International de Investigación y de Estudios quantum mechanics affects large many-body systems allows scientists good role models for the thousands Mathematical Union (IMU). Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad groups of particles, known as to understand how different of scientists who visit ICTP from Mérida, Mexico. The prize recognizes many-body systems. Researchers properties of materials emerge, developing countries. “Even though his pioneering work on predicting now understand how the laws of not to mention help in the effort to this year’s Medallists live in the US, and understanding novel systems quantum mechanics affect the design new types of materials. These I am pleased that they are all from that violate standard chemical behavior of very small groups of materials could potentially be used developing countries and have been paradigms, and for generalizing particles, but everyday objects for applications from new quantum close to ICTP and its mission.” and broadening the scope of are made up of a huge amount of computers to superconducting concepts such as aromaticity, particles, all of which are interacting devices. The Dirac Medallists have coordination and the chemical bond. Gabriel Merino

18 19 Education & Training

As an international crossroad of scientific excellence, ICTP ICTP Education in 2018 offers a unique environment for scientists at all stages of their careers to advance their knowledge in physics and students enrolled in mathematics. From the Centre’s Postgraduate Diploma masters, PhD, Diploma, Programme, an intense, year-long course of study that 19 0 and STEP programmes gives young scientists from developing countries the boost they need for acceptance into doctoral programmes countries represented anywhere in the world, to the Centre’s Associates (including 16 least- Scheme, which supports sabbatical visits of established 66 developed countries) scientists, ICTP provides a lifeline for a lifetime of learning.

Today, ICTP alumni can be found in 188 countries scientists from 53 ICTP Postgraduate Diploma High Performance Computing around the world, serving as science ambassadors countries engaged in students honoured at ceremony graduation ceremony in their home countries and sharing their 287 career development knowledge with new generations of scientists. programmes (Associates, The 2017/2018 class of ICTP’s Postgraduate Diploma In 2018, the joint ICTP-SISSA Master’s in High TRIL, Affiliates, and Elettra) Programme graduated in a joyful ceremony on Performance Computing programme graduated its third For a detailed account of ICTP’s education and training Friday 24 August. Each year the Diploma graduation class. Nine students received their diplomas after a year programmes during 2018, please see our Full Technical launches talented young scientists from developing and a half of intense studies and thesis preparation. Report at www.ictp.it/about-ictp/media-centre.aspx countries into careers and further studies in science. Of the nine, three from developing countries received Of the 37 graduating students, four were singled out scholarships from ICTP to support their studies: as the top students of their respective programmes: • Anoop Chandran (India) • Luís Andrés Colmenárez (Venezuela) studied • Elliot Menkah (Ghana) condensed matter physics and is heading • James Vance (Philippines) Growth in ICTP Programmes to Dresden to start his PhD at the Max and Enrollment Planck Center for Complexity Studies; The graduation ceremony took place during a high-level, • José Guillermo Lara Delgado (Mexico) international conference focussed on high-performance studied high energy physics and will be computing. The MaX Conference on the Materials Master in High starting a PhD at SISSA this fall; Design Ecosystem at the Exascale: High-Performance Performance 160 Computing • Elsiddig Elsiddig (Sudan) studied mathematics and High-Throughput Computing, held at ICTP from and will head to Paris to do his PhD work 29 to 31 January, gathered top researchers in the field Master of Advanced at Paris Dauphine University; of materials modelling, together with HPC and HTC Studies in Medical Physics • Florence Ramirez (Philippines) studied experts, to discuss the most recent advancements. 120 Earth system physics and is in the process Joint PhD Programme, of applying to PhD programmes. Earth Science and Fluid Mechanics Medical physics milestone ICTP-UniTS Joint Masters in Physics 80 Step by step, a unique master’s programme at ICTP is improving medical care in developing countries Joint ICTP-SISSA PhD by building human capacity. The centre’s Master of Programme in Physics and Mathematics Advanced Studies in Medical Physics (MMP) provides 40 the postgraduate theoretical and clinical training ICTP-STEP needed for students to be recognised as clinical medical Fellows’ visits physicists in their home countries, filling a dire need for such professionals throughout the developing world. Postgraduate At a graduation ceremony on 12 December, Diploma Students 0 16 more students--the fourth such group to 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018 complete ICTP’s programme--joined the ranks of highly trained medical physicists.

20 21 ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Spotlight on ICTP’s alumna Estelle Inack Postgraduate Diploma Programme

A Star on the Rise: University destinations, Diploma graduates 2018 ICTP Alumna Autonomous University of Barcelona Estelle Inack Berlin Mathematical School Georgia Institute of Technology International School for Advanced Studies ICTP recognizes that many students from developing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Max Planck Institute Dresden Estelle Inack is exuberant. An alumna of ICTP’s “There is a whole building of everybody working on countries lack the vigorous educational training Paris-Dauphine University Postgraduate Diploma Programme who recently quantum computing, but from different fields. You needed to succeed in doctoral studies. Since 1991, Stockholm University completed her PhD through ICTP’s joint doctoral have mathematicians, computer scientists, physicists, Texas A&M University programme with SISSA, Inack is poised to begin a you have engineers, experimentalists, machine the Centre’s Postgraduate Diploma Programme University of Burgundy, Dijon postdoctoral position that will give her extensive learning experts, all working together, all talking to has addressed this need by offering an intense, University of Duisburg-Essen University of Grenoble freedom to investigate different aspects of the each other, and everyone speaks your language.” 12-month course of study for talented young science University of Notre Dame burgeoning field of quantum computing. As the first students who have limited possibilities to pursue University of Parma recipient of the Francis Allotey Fellowship, which A lot of young scientists have to decide, at some point in University of Sao Paulo honors the late distinguished Ghanaian mathematician, their career, if they want to try to stay in academia or to advanced studies in their home countries. More than University of Trieste at the Perimeter Institute in Waterloo, Canada, Inack find what type of industry position could work for them, University of Waterloo 900 students from 78 countries have graduated will have funding for four to five years. And there she something in the back of Inack’s mind. “In academia I from the Programme; of these, 75% have gone already knows what some of her next steps will be. have the freedom of exploring what I want to do, and on to attain doctoral degrees. For the academic collaborating with the people I want to collaborate with. “Part of my PhD was developing projective quantum But I would also very much love to have an experience year 2017-2018, 37 students from 23 developing Monte Carlo methods, effected using neural networks, in one of those big companies, to really see how they countries completed the rigorous program. Of and I want to find how to make that method really work practically, how they build a quantum computer.” those, 20 have enrolled in PhD programmes. optimal,” Inack says, describing the project that led Regardless of the academia versus industry choice, her to dive into machine learning. “The second thing Inack is quite excited about the field. “I’m in a field is really applying machine learning to quantum many- that is at its beginning, and there are a lot of things body systems, which is what Roger Melko, who I will be to do, to try to understand, a lot of things to test.” “Coming to ICTP has really changed working with at Perimeter, is really an expert on. And then many things related to machine learning. How She continues, “Can we, as we believe, solve my life, it has opened so many doors of can a quantum computer boost machine learning?” problems with quantum computers that we cannot with traditional computers? I would also like to get opportunity for me. I hope ICTP continues These are hot topics, and not just theoretical, says into quantum algorithms, because at the end of the to touch lives like this, and I hope I can do Inack, a native of Cameroon. A lot of companies day if you have quantum computers you really need are now building quantum computers, starting with algorithms to run on them, quantum software. The something similar throughout my career.” small 16 qubit ones with plans for 72 and 128 qubit potential ability to tackle real world problems with computers, constantly expanding the possibilities. quantum computers, that’s really what drives me.” Blessing Bisola Oni, 2018 Postgraduate Diploma graduate, Nigeria

22 23 Partner Institutes

ICTP-SAIFR, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Regional centres of excellence

ICTP has opened regional branches to bring its unique blend of high-quality physics and mathematics from left: ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo, CAS President Bai Chunli, education and high-level science meetings UNESCO ADG for Natural Sciences closer to scientists in the developing world. Flavia Schlegel, UCAS Vice President Wu Yue-Liang, and ICTP Programme Inaugurated in 2018, the East African Institute of Division Director George Thompson Fundamental Research (EAIFR), based at the University of at the ICTP-AP inauguration Rwanda’s Kigali campus, offers an important educational and research hub for the region and for Africa. ICTP in China In Beijing, ICTP’s newly inaugurated International Center for Theoretical Physics-Asia Pacific (ICTP-AP) ICTP has opened a new partner institute in President Li Shushen. ICTP Director Fernando Quevedo is hosted at the University of the Chinese Academy Mesoamerican Centre for Theoretical Physics, Chiapas, Mexico Beijing, China, fostering the advancement of represented the Centre; also present was Bai Chunli, of Sciences (UCAS) and will provide opportunities basic sciences in the Asia-Pacific region. President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. for advanced training, research and education in biology. Researchers of ICTP-SAIFR are also members theoretical physics and related interdisciplinary areas. of important state-of-the-art international collaborations The new institute, the International Center for “China’s strong commitment to science makes it an such as the CMS detector at the LHC, the LIGO Theoretical Physics-Asia Pacific (ICTP-AP), is a joint ideal place to host a regional centre for theoretical These new presences in Rwanda and China join the and the Dark Energy Survey collaborations. initiative between ICTP and the University of the physics,” said Quevedo. He added, “ICTP is pleased network of partner institutes that ICTP has already Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS). Both partners to have UCAS as a partner in this endeavor to established in Latin America. The ICTP South American The Mesoamerican Centre for Theoretical Physics see the new institute as a centre for top-level research, expand research excellence and opportunities to Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), is (MCTP) was established in Mexico in collaboration promoting scientific excellence throughout the region. scientists throughout the Asia-Pacific area.” a regional centre for theoretical physics created in with the Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH) The new institute will encourage the exchange of collaboration with the State University of Sao Paulo as a regional headquarters of ICTP in Mexico, Central students and scientists, as well as the development ICTP-AP is based at the UCAS campus in Beijing. (UNESP) and the Sao Paulo Research Funding Agency America and the Caribbean. Its main objective is of joint training and masters programmes. It has been designated a UNESCO Category 2 (FAPESP). The research conducted at ICTP-SAIFR to develop teaching, research and extension of institute, meaning that its mission will contribute includes diverse areas of theoretical physics including knowledge of basic and applied sciences in physics, A ceremony to officially inaugurate the centre took to the overall achievement of UNESCO’s science string theory, field theory, integrability, condensed mathematics, energy and environment, through place on 4 November in Beijing; Wu Yue-Liang, Vice- objectives. To that end, UNESCO’s Assistant Director- matter, particle physics, cosmology, general relativity, professional and advanced teaching and research, and President of the University of Chinese Academy of General for Natural Sciences, Flavia Schlegel, astrophysics, complex systems, and mathematical uniting these knowledges and services to society. Sciences, officiated the event on behalf of UCAS also attended the ICTP-AP inauguration.

24 25 Outreach Trieste MiniMaker Faire

Scientists at ICTP are passionate about science, both inside For the sixth year in a row, ICTP hosted the and outside of the classroom and lecture hall. Throughout Trieste Mini Maker Faire, opening its campus the year, our scientists and mathematicians can be found to thousands of visitors who flocked to see the engaging with the public through numerous outreach more than 300 makers demonstrate projects activities. From science festivals to physics roadshows, ranging from drones to paper dresses. ICTP spreads the joy of science to young and old.

ICTP holds public roundtable on the future of quantum technologies

A new kind of computing is on the Questions addressed at the horizon, one that could greatly roundtable included: What are shift the way complex problems the next steps in this rapidly are solved. Quantum computing developing field? How soon and technologies were the main will a functioning quantum topic of a public roundtable hosted computer be available? In by ICTP and SISSA on 14 March, what ways could quantum Physics Without Frontiers visits Afghanistan featuring high-level panelists technologies change our world? from IBM and Google as well as a ICTP’s Physics Without Frontiers University. “We lost our middle scientist involved in the EC Flagship The speakers for the public programme has visited many generation because of conflict, on Quantum Technologies. In forum represented three key places in the world to help build and the older scientists are retiring. addition, ICTP and SISSA made players in quantum computing: World Science communities and networks of The younger scientists are hungry a major announcement about a • Hartmut Neven, Google’s Day Event scientists in disadvantaged countries. for this type of workshop.” new institute related to quantum Director of Engineering In 2018, the programme ventured NASA Space technologies in Trieste, a joint • Alessandro Curioni, IBM In honour of World for the first time to Afghanistan, That hunger for knowledge Apps Challenge: initiative with the University of Trieste. Fellow, Vice President of IBM Science Day for Peace meeting with over 400 eager was apparent in Kabul when Hackathon at ICTP Europe and Director of the and Development students at Kabul University. An PWF workshop organizers Quantum computing, which until IBM Research Lab in Zurich 2018, ICTP hosted a international team of PWF scientists received hundreds of requests ICTP’s SciFabLab puts together very recently was only theoretical, • Tommaso Calarco, Director, special screening on collaborated with local scientists for participation. Students of a lot of great events throughout is slowly becoming a reality, Institute for Complex 9 November of the and students to organize two days physics and recent graduates the year, including a hackathon promising a future of unprecedented Quantum Systems, film “Salam - the first of a high-level workshop in particle from throughout country were held from 20-21 of October 2018. computing speed. Major computer University of Ulm and ..... Nobel Laureate”. physics and cosmology, with a eligible to attend this workshop, Organized over 36 straight hours, manufacturers such as IBM, along member of the expert third day of outreach activities. but most of the 300 attendees the hackathon brought together with search engine giant Google, group for the European “We don’t have high energy were from the University of Kabul. people of all experiences and are already producing quantum Commission’s Quantum physicists yet,” says Baktash Amini, The two-day workshop was expertise to tackle problems computing chips that will someday Technology Flagship ICTP PWF Afghanistan Coordinator designed to allow students to and creatively use data together. drive a quantum machine. and a physics lecturer at Kabul interact with all of the presenters. In this case, NASA data.

26 27 Supporting Gender Top 10 countries of Parity in Science origin of women from developing regions ICTP supports initiatives to increase the participation and representation of women in physics. One of 1326 India its most successful efforts has been its Career Development Workshops for Women in Physics, held 995 Iran every other year since 2013 (the next one will take 607 Argentina place in 2019). In 2018, a version of this workshop was help at ICTP’s new partner institute in Rwanda, 571 Brazil the East African Institute for Fundamental Research, the first time the workshop has been held in Africa. 535 China 307 Pakistan ICTP helps to raise awareness of the importance of gender parity in science through public 288 Mexico events and social media campaigns. In 2018, the Centre organized and co-hosted outreach 286 Turkey activities in Trieste to celebrate the International 270 Cuba Day of Women and Girls in Science. “Sisterhood is a 248 Nigeria powerful tool...If we work together we can achieve great things.”

Shobhana Narasimhan, co-organiser, Career Development Workshop International Day of Women Workshop brings career advice for Women in Science, Kigali and Girls in Science to female scientists in Africa

The Trieste ICTP community and SISSA hosted a discussion why they are scientists and At the opening session of the Career 16 to 19 October. Narasimhan, a The event was organized by the was invited to attend the 2018 on the challenges facing women what they do day to day, in Development Workshop for Women professor of theoretical sciences Organisation for Women in Science International Day of Women and in science and the barriers that addition to answering students’ in Science that was held at ICTP’s at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for for the Developing World (OWSD) and Girls in Science events happening still prevent full participation questions about challenges and new partner institute in Rwanda, the Advanced Scientific Research in the Rwandan Association for Women during the week of 5 February at and access, with specific focus opportunities in science careers. East African Institute for Fundamental Bangalore, India, has organised in Science and Engineering (RAWISE). ICTP and in downtown Trieste. The on the environment in Trieste. Research (EAIFR), co-organiser three such workshops at ICTP. This OWSD Vice President Olubukola International Day, which is officially Representatives of Trieste Shobhana Narasimhan shared some latest one, the first to be held in Babalola urged the workshop celebrated on 11 February, puts a scientific institutions were sobering statistics: whether they are Kigali, covered essential skills that participants to “do good science.” spotlight on the challenges and present. Tonya Blowers of in the developed regions of North women scientists need to improve She elaborated, “We can make a opportunities for women scientists, OWSD moderated the event. America and Europe or in the less- the parity of female representation voice by the type of research we do, and asks the question: why are there • ICTP organized an exhibit in advantaged region of Sub-Saharan in science, from preparing a strong and how we compose ourselves. fewer women than men in science? its Reading Room of statistics, Africa, women researchers make CV to negotiating in the workplace. We can change the stereotypes.” This year ICTP, together with OWSD success stories, and strategies up only 32% and 31% respectively and SISSA, organized two public regarding women in science. of the total in their regions. “Sisterhood is a powerful events and one event for secondary- • Secondary-school students tool,” she told the workshop school students. These included: met with ICTP and SISSA Her comments set the stage for the participants, “If we work together • At Caffé San Marco, ICTP, OWSD post-docs, who described workshop, which took place from we can achieve great things.”

28 29 Governance Finances

ICTP operates under a tripartite agreement between ICTP also has a Scientific Council that comprises ICTP is funded largely through generous contributions the Italian Government, the International Atomic Energy distinguished specialists in disciplines relevant made by the Italian government, which has served as Agency (IAEA), and the United Nations Educational, to the Centre’s activities who represent a broad ICTP’s chief benefactor since the Centre’s inception. Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Each geographical range. The Council advises ICTP on its ICTP operates under a joint administrative framework party has a representative on the Centre’s Steering programmes of activities, taking into consideration established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific Committee, which sets general guidelines for the major academic, scientific, educational and and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Centre’s activities, determines budgeting levels, cultural trends relevant to the Centre’s objectives. Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). UNESCO also serves and considers proposals from the Director for the ICTP is a UNESCO Category 1 Institute. as the Centre’s leading administrative agency. programme, work plans, financial plans, and budget.

ICTP Steering Committee

UNESCO: IAEA: Italian Government: Flavia Schlegel, Assistant Director Aldo Malavasi, Deputy Director General Fabio Zwirner General for Natural Sciences Department of Nuclear Sciences Department of Physics and and Applications Astronomy, University of Padua Income for 2018 (in Euros)

ICTP Scientific Council Government

Carlos Alberto Aragão de Carvalho Luciano Maiani (Chairman) Ashoke Sen Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Institute of Physics, The Federal Dipartimento di Fisica Harish-Chandra Research Institute Ricerca (MIUR), Italy (Statutory contribution) 20,592,448.00 University of Rio de Janeiro Università di Roma La Sapienza Allahabad, India Ministry of Science and Technology, Pakistan 64,097.81 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rome, Italy Department of Science and Technology, India 12,957.69 Winston Wole Soboyejo Total government contributions: 20,669,503.50 William Bialek Juan M. Maldacena Mechanical Engineering Department Department of Physics Institute for Advanced Study Worcester Polytechnic Institute Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA Worcester, Massachusetts UN Agencies Princeton, NJ, USA M.S. Narasimhan Gang Tian IAEA (Statutory contribution) 2,179,067.18 Edouard Brézin Centre for Applicable Mathematics Peking University, Beijing IAEA (other) 654,024.07 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l’ENS Bangalore, India International Centre for UNESCO (Statutory contribution) 356,029.30 Paris, France Mathematical Research, China The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) 43,949.86 Michele Parrinello Ingrid Daubechies Department of Chemistry and Cumrun Vafa International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 12,722.49 Duke University Applied Biosciences Department of Physics Department of Mathematics ETH Zurich Harvard University Durham, NC, USA Lugano, Switzerland Cambridge, MA, USA Total UN agency contributions 3,245,792.90

Elfatih A.B. Eltahir Martin Rees Contributions from other donors 2,135,245.94 Department of Civil and Institute of Astronomy Environmental Engineering Cambridge, UK Massachusetts Institute of Technology Total income: 26,050,542.34 Cambridge, MA, USA Valery A. Rubakov Russian Academy of Sciences Renata Kallosh Institute For Nuclear Research Department of Physics Moscow, Russian Federation Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA Subir Sachdev Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA

30 31 Scientific and High Energy, Condensed Matter Donors Cosmology and and Statistical Administrative Astroparticle Physics Physics Section Head: Section Head: Staff 2018 Atish Dabholkar Rosario Fazio

Bobby Acharya Nadia Binggeli Paolo Creminelli Marcello Dalmonte Mehrdad Mirbabayi Ralph Gebauer Kyriakos Papadodimas Ali Hassanali Pavel Putrov Mikhail Kiselev African Palliative Care Association, Uganda Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica, Italy Director: George Thompson Sandro Scandolo American Astronomical Society Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy Giovanni Villadoro Antonello Scardicchio Amplitude Systèmes, France Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Fernando Quevedo Nicola Seriani Archimedes - CNRS DT/INSU, France Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy Emeritus Scientists: Asian Pacific Centre for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), Korea King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia Kumar S. Narain Emeritus Scientist: Assicurazioni Generali SpA, Italy Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Kuwait String Phenomonology Seifallah Randjbar-Daemi Vladimir Kravtsov Association for Computing Machinery (ACM Sigcomm), USA Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matiere Goran Senjanovic Associazione per l’Insegnamento della Fisica, Italy et Rayonnement - CNRS, France and Cosmology Alexei Smirnov Distinguished Staff Associate: Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, UK Lighting Europe AISBL, Belgium Boris Altshuler Berthold Leibinger Stiftung GmbH, Germany LUCI Association, France Section Head: Post-doctoral Fellows: Boston College, USA Macmillan Publishers Ltd, UK Fernando Quevedo Lasma Alberte Research Staff Associate: Coherent Inc., USA Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Germany Marco Celoria Alexander Nersesyan Comune di Trieste, Italy National Academy of Sciences (NAS), USA Diptimoy Ghosh Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Newport Spectra-Physics GmbH, Germany Post-doctoral Fellows: Simone Giacomelli Long-term Visiting Scientists/ -Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Italy Optical Society of America (OSA), USA Damian Mayorga Pena Jin U Kang Boltzman Senior Fellows: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) -Istituto per Optical Society of Korea Francesco Muia Andrei Khmelnitsky John Goold Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati Philips Lighting, The Netherlands Takeshi Kobayashi Alejandro Rodriguez Garcia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) -Istituto Politecnico di Torino, Italy Long-Term Visiting Scientists: Giancarlo Panizzo Natasa Stojic per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Italy Psi-k - Daresbury Laboratory, UK Senarath de Alwis Olga Papadoulaki Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) -Istituto SPIN, Italy Rokubun S.L., Spain Ayman Ali Arnab Rudra Post-doctoral Fellows: Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Royal Society of Chemistry, UK Alexander Belavin Arturo R. Sanchez Pineda Adriano Angelone Technologies, New Zealand Scienta Omicron GmbH, Germany Leopoldo Pando Zayas Eirik Eik Svanes Narjes Ansari ENEL Italia S.r.l., Italy Shenzhen UBM Herong Exhibition Co., Ltd, China Ida Zadeh Francesca Fassioli Olsen Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Simons Foundation, USA Scientific Consultants: Jean Paul Faye Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Italy Sincrotrone Trieste Società Consortile per Azioni, Italy Matteo Bertolini Long-term Visiting Scientists: Pierre Martin Fromholz European Commission (EC) SISSA, Italy Marco Serone Evgeny Akhmedov Sukanya Ghosh European GeoSciences Union (EGU) South African Institute of Physics Aleksandr Azatov Fermando Iemini De European Photonic Industry (EPIC) Sunshine4Palestine, Italy Omar Foda Rezende Aguilar European Space Agency (ESA) Tampere University of Technology, Finland Tony Kakona Thibaud Maimbourg FCS Bourgogne Franche-Comté Labex Action, France The Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Kaniba Mady Keita Gonzalo Manzano Paule FMB Oxford Limited, UK Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), China Michele Panamonti Tiago Mendes Santos Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy The Chinese Optical Society Anjan A. Sen Victor Naden Robinson Foundation Compositio Mathematica, The Netherlands The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), USA Kate Shaw Anton Parafilo Illuminating Engineering Society, USA The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), USA Gurbir Singh Emiliano Poli Indian Institute of Science, India The Opec Fund for International Development (OFID), Austria Victor Tapia Angelo Russomanno Institute for Antrophological Research, Croatia TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH, Germany Vladimir Tello Maximilian Schulz Institute of International Education, USA U.S. Consulate, Milan Scott Taylor Institute of Physics, UK Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy Staff Associates: Nandhakumar Velankanni International Commission of Optics (ICO), USA Università degli Studi di Firenze Dipartimento Shiraz Minwalla International Commission on Illumination (CIE), Austria di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy Leopoldo Pando Zayas Scientific Consultants: International Institute for Complex Adoptive Matter (I2CAM), USA Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy Ravi Sheth Alessandro Laio International Light Association, Belgium Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy Giuseppe Santoro International Mathematical Union, Germany Università di Camerino, Italy Scientific Consultants: Erio Tosatti International Union of Geodesy and Université Paris Diderot, France Francesco Benini Geophysics (IUGG), Germany Universitè Paris Saclay, France Edi Gava Scientific Collaborators: International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), UK University of Liverpool, UK Andrea Romanino Giuseppe Mussardo Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Italy University of Reading, UK Mauro Sellito Zurich Instruments, Switzerland Visiting Professor: Alessandro Silva Marina Cobal

32 33 Quantitative Mathematics Earth System Physics Applied Physics Life Sciences

Section Head: Section Head: Claudio Arezzo Filippo Giorgi

Emanuel Carneiro Karim Aoudia Maria Liz Crespo Antonio Celani Lothar Göttsche Erika Coppola Yenca Olivia Migoya Orue Matteo Marsili Stefano Luzzatto Riccardo Farnetti Bruno Nava Édgar Roldan Estebanez Pavel Putrov Graziano Giuliani Marco Zennaro Fernando Rodriguez Villegas Fred Kucharski Adrian Tompkins Post-doctoral Fellows: Research Staff Associates: Distinguished Staff Associate: Federico Bernardini Mahesh Bandi Don B. Zagier Research Staff Associates: Saikat Debnath Fakteh Ghanbarnejad In Sik Kang Rami Pugatch Senior Postdoctoral Fellow: J. Shukla Long-term Visiting Scientists: Massimo Vergassola Luca Fabrizio DiCerbo Humberto Cabrera Vivek Ananth Ratnam Post-doctoral Fellows: Rodrigo José Carbajales Palanikumar Diploma Tutor: Sushant Das Katy Alazo Cuartas Soumen Roy Adriana Sofer Laetitia Foundotos Anton Kashcheyev Mina Zarei Valentina Gallina Komlan S. Gadedjisso-Tossou Post-doctoral Fellows: Russell Glazer Kasun S. Mannatunga Consultant: Tarig Abdelgadir Rita Nogherotto Chris Mathys Oliver James Butterley S. Pachhai Scientific Consultants: Victoria Cantoral-Farfan Emanuela Pichelli Christine Amory Mazaudier Post-doctoral Fellows: Karen Corrales Escalona Francesca Raffaele Luigi Ciraolo Asja Jelic Gouveia Da Silva Wagner Ranter Taleena Sines Mauricio Dos Santos Andrea Mazzolini José Ramón Madrid Padilla P. Stocchi Ermanno Pietrosemoli Anjan Roy Shehryar Sikander Susanna Strada Sandro Radicella Lucia Dora Simonelli Abraham Torres Alavez Marco Rainone Zakarias Jon Sjostrom Dyrefelt Giovanni Tumolo Claudio Tuniz Blaz Vicic Andrea Vacchi Scientific Consultants: Giovanni Bellettini Scientific Consultants: Technical Assistant: Francesco Pappalardi Anna Pirani Andres Cicuttin

Director’s Office Administrative Staff

Scientific Consultants: Long-term Visiting Scientist: Enrique Canessa, SDU Coordinator Tony Apollaro Mohamed Al-Hada Carlo Fonda, Technician, SDU Francesco Benini Michele Cicoli Ivan Girotto, Sci. Prog. Expert and Sys. Admin. Luciano Bertocchi Asma Farooq Svetlana Gorodetskaya, Human Resources Officer (from 1/4/2018) Pierluigi Cascioli Pramod Kumar Shukla Silvana Medica, Associate Procurement Officer Marta Losada Roberto Valandro Clement Onime, System and Network Analyst Marcello Musso Ulrich Singe, Head, ICTS Joe Niemela Dorothy Smith-Crofts, Human Resources Officer (until 31/3/2018) Renato Padovani Ophelia Stephenson-Odle,Senior Finance & Administrative Officer Nico Pitrelli Mary Ann Williams, Public Information Officer Verónica Riquer Tahir Shah In addition, ICTP employed 117 General Service staff in 2018. Daniele Treleani Claudio Tuniz

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