PICTORIAL TRIBUTE INSIDE

SOUVENIR SECTION Wisconsin State Journal TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,2001 MADISON, WISCONSIN WWW.MADISON.COM

Josepjosepnh Ww. jacKsoJackson Ill/WSIM/V J In the dome's oculus, or eye, rings of gold-painted flourishes and daylight from 20 windows surround the mural "Resources of Wisconsin" by Edwin Blashfield.The tile mosaics were created bv Kenyon Cox and depict Justice, top, and Government, bottom. During its cleaning and restoration, scaffolding filled the rotunda so workers could reach the dome.

TOP the Isthmus' a property's value. historic designs that make it worthy of highest point, the This month, with the completion of its new place as a National Historic state Capitol constantly its $141 million, 11-year restoration, Landmark. beckons to those the Capitol's interior is restored to its What will be less apparent is that it is viewing it in Madison original grandeur and its Bethel granite as technologically advanced as the and from surrounding exterior is as white as it was the day it brand new State Justice Center a block Ahilltops. was finished. away. It is ubiquitous with Madison, and a Those walking through its doors will view of its noble dome will often boost appreciate architect George B. Post's — LisaSchuetz 2 • Tuesday, September 11, 2001 CAPITOL SHINES AGAIN Wisconsin State Journal

Wisconsin Historical Society uct l on the c to1 des ned 40^V. i?il ,J ?P! ' '9 by New York architect George B. Post, began in 1906 and was completed in 1917. It replaced Madison's second Capitol, which had been damaqed bv a 1904 fire. The old Capitol was demolished one wing at a time, starting with the fire-damaged West Wing. A new wing was built in its place so government functions would be disrupted as little as possible. The North Wing of the old Capitol is shown at right. State's jewel rises anew More than 20 years after the first words of Capitol restoration were uttered, the long-anticipated and painstaking project is completed, and it is being celebrated as the building joins the list of National Historic Landmarks.

By Lisa Schuetz chitectural integrity while mak- Wisconsin State Journal ing way for modern technology, such as computers, air condi- Capitol facts ix years ago, with the law tioning and improved electricity. on her side, a Middleton in- 4 Capitol architect George Browne Post of terior designer started This week, more than 20 years New York died in November 1913 at age 76 S after the first whispers of a Capi- before the building was completed. His working as the state's bounty tol restoration echoed in its mar- sons, William S. Post and James 0. Post, hunter. ble and granite halls, the efforts supervised the building's last four years of Diane Al Shihabi's quarry: the of those involved will be un- construction. Capitol's original furniture. veiled in a celebration today . It 4 The Capitol's stone — marble and Armed with original drawings granite — was obtained from Missouri, and a legislative mandate, Al Shi- will also mark the Capitol's new Tennessee, Vermont, New York, Illinois, habi poked through antique status as a National Historic Minnesota and Wisconsin, as well as France, Landmark. Thirty other Wiscon- Italy, Greece, Germany and Algeria. The malls, estate sales and the bow- sin sites are on the list, including most common stone on the interior is els of 23 state buildings. Kasota stone quarried in south-central Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin in Minnesota. The exterior is White Bethel She was looking Spring Green. granite quarried in Vermont. for the furnishings Our state Capitol is Our state Capitol is one of the 4 The tip of the Capitol dome is 184 feet, 3 architect George most architecturally significant inches from the ground, not including the one of the most Browne Post had in the country, and is considered gold-leafed statute of "Wisconsin" atop the designed and ear- Post's finest work, even above dome. architecturally marked for spe- his New York Stock Exchange • The statue atop the Capitol's dome is cific rooms in the called "Wisconsin," not "Forward" as many significant in the building in Manhattan. people think. It was sculpted by Capitol. Over the Post, a New Yorker, was hired New-Englander , country, and is years, furniture in 1906 after his design won a whose most famous work is the seated has been sold, Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ competition to replace the sec- Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial in considered George Washington. 1 sneaked or moved The Assembly Chamber furniture was ond Capitol damaged in a 1904 Browne Post s finest out. moved out through a window and low- fire. • World War I impacted the Capitol's ered to the ground with a crane on "Post's design is not only construction in many ways, including work, even above his "It was a huge March 8,1993, so the pieces could be slowed ironwork production, early task," she said. "It restored by Carley Wood Associates beautiful, but a premier example shipment of European marbles, and New York Stock took me a long and the Lost Finish. of trends in monumental gov- threatened long-term contracts due to time to under- ernment architecture at the turn wartime inflation. The most visible effect is Exchange building in of the century," said architec- that proposed exterior bronze and granite stand what was throughout the 11-year, $141 statues, which would have stood on Manhattan. ordered (by Post), tural historian Anne Biebel, co- stairway posts, were never completed. million restoration of Wiscon- owner of Isthmus Architecture. what was sin's Capitol. • Apart from the Supreme Court law canceled and what actually was In the 19th century, American murals, the only national event depicted in received." Wing by wing, room by room architects such as Richard Morris the allegorical murals around the interior Besides unearthing the fur- and layer by layer, a troop of Hunt were heavily influenced by of the Capitol is the opening of the Panama the Renaissance Revival styles es- Canal, which occurred in 1914. The nishings that were original to the craftspeople removed paint, par- three-panel mural, painted by Kenyon Cox building, Al Shihabi designed titions, acoustic ceilings, fluores- poused by the Ecole de Beaux and called "The marriage of the Atlantic new furniture, relying heavily on cent lighting, inexpensive Arts, an architecture school in and the Pacific," is in the Senate Chamber the Arts and Crafts style of Post's carpeting, staples, nails and bro- . It's evident that Post, who above the dais. designs to meet today's ergo- ken stone and returned the Capi- started his career at Hunt's studio, ^ Albert Herter, who painted the mural in nomic requirements as well as tol to its original magnificence. created the classically detailed the Supreme Court, was Post's second Capitol in the American adapta- choice for the job. Painter Francis Millet historical appropriateness. In contrast to earlier haphaz- tion of Beaux-Aits tradition. went down with the Titanic before Al Shihabi and thousands of ard remodeling, this time those beginning work. others took painstaking care in charge strove to balance ar- Please see CAPITOL, Page 3

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Tours depart from the ground floor Information The interior, which he de- Desk on Mondays through signed down to tlie switch Saturdays at 9, 10 and 11 a.m., plates, is also representative of and 1, 2 and 3 p.m.; and Sundays the times. Post, still influenced at 1, 2 and 3 p.m. A 4 p.m. tour is by Hunt, created its furnishings offered Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day. Tours last in the Aits and Crafts style typi- about 45 to 55 minutes. The sixth fied by the use of a variety of floor museum and observation woods, intricately crafted met- deck is also open during the alwork and walls painted with summer months. colors derived from nature. He Groups of 10 or more should also hired nationally renowned make a reservation by calling call artists to create the classical (608) 266-0382 or going online at sculptures, paintings and mosa- www. wisconsin.gov/state/ ics, most of which relate to Wis- core/wisconsin_state_capitol_ consin's history. tour.html. The blend of classical archi- Guide books are available at the tecture and interior craftsman- Information Desk for $3. ship are particularly significant for that time in history, Biebel said. By the early part of the vocal proponent of remaining 20th Century, the Ecole's influ- true to Post's vision during res- ence was waning in favor of toration. modern architecture pioneered "I've lived all my life in the by Louis Sullivan, Wright and shadow of the Capitol. I've seen others. its beauty and know its his- Post's American interpreta- tory," Risser said. "I've seen tion of Beaux-Arts style, as well how that piecemeal approach as the restoration's adherence to remodeling used by depart- to that style, helped secure the ments and various bodies had Capitol its place as a National adversely affected the beauty of Historic Landmark, she said. the building. It seemed to me The new status should protect we ought to have a coordinated it from piecemeal remodeling approach (in its restoration)." and furniture loss. Project manager and general Joseph W, Jackson Ill/WSJ photos "The National Historic Land- contractor Jim Schumacher of mark status does presuppose Although the Capitol is now a National Historic Landmark, it is also technologically up-to-date. The restoration included installing upgraded J.P. Cullen and Sons said the plumbing, electric, heat and air conditioning systems, as well as state-of-the-art telephone, computer and data systems. The Assembly chamber that the building has historic project's biggest challenges shown above, was rewired in July 1995. integrity," Biebel said. "The re- were protecting the historic ar- stored areas are glorious. I chitecture and artwork, and think Post could walk into any doing construction in an occu- entrance and he would walk pied building. into a building that was entirely But finding willing workers Capitol's familiar to him." — about 2,000 in all — for the The restoration came about project hasn't been a problem. after years of political wrangling "People were standing in line over space and improvements. to get to work on the Capitol," architect had Legislators had taken over more he said. "It's pride and its grati- of the Capitol year after year, tude. For me, it was also a good pushing state agencies to other portion of my career's work." grand vision buildings. Architect Laura Davis, co- Especially in the 1960s and owner of Isthmus Architecture, George Browne Post (1837-1913) started 1970s, piecemeal remodeling has worked on the project for was used to solve space short- nine years. Like Schumacher, his career in 1858 after graduating from ages. she said she found the work to with a degree in civil Sen. Fred Risser, D-Madison, be particularly inspiring. engineering. For two years, he studied ar- said that in those days, legisla- "I was ready to quit architec- chitecture at the New York studios of re- tors would send staff members ture altogether nine years ago nowned architect Richard Morris Hunt. to squat in recently vacated because I was working on what In 1868, after a stint as an Army officer rooms until they could move in. I considered disposable build- in the Civil War, he opened his own archi- To make more space, practical ings," Davis said. "Then I was tecture firm. division rather than architec- offered work on this building tural integrity were watch- and it changed my life. I'm now Post was part of the late-19th century words. Hastily built partitions part owner of an architecture architectural movement that pioneered broke up the largest rooms. firm. This project has breathed the use of steel to make taller and stronger New occupants would often new life into lots of people." structures, and several of his buildings paint walls according to their Al Shihabi oversaw the inte- showed up on Manhattan's skyline. Al- tastes, covering up colors and rior design work in the South though many do not stand today, they in- decorative painting carefully and East wings — from finding cluded the 20-story Pulitzer Building chosen by Post. furniture to making sure wood- (1889-90), also known as the World Build- As technology improved, the work finishes matched what ing, and the 26-story St. Paul Building building's tenants improvised: had been done in the 1910s. (1897-99). Computer cords cluttered "For me, it was just a fantas- Post also participated in 's Co- Rooms; drop ceilings with tic project," she said, "because lumbian Exposition in 1893, an important acoustical tiles were put in to I'm so interested in history and reduce noise; fluorescent light- mystery and solving the mys- showcase for American Beaux-Arts style ing replaced incandescent tery." architecture. It was that exposition that fu- chandeliers and sconces. Furniture brought back to eled his desire to create "America's Gran- In 1979, the state Building the Capitol was found as far dest Monument," which he nearly Commission, headed by Risser, away as Oconto, when a former constructed as a museum of history on the first discussed the restoration, senator's belongings were sold Hudson River in New York. proposing a comprehensive re- at an estate sale. At another Although that project never material- modeling at a cost of $1 million sale, one of Al Shihabi's col- ized, Post used a similar design, four pro- but the measure was never ap- leagues slept in her car all night portional wings and a central dome, when proved. until the doors opened the next designing the Wisconsin Capitol in 1906. It wasn't until 1989 that the morning. Legislature approved spending "We found two chairs origi- Post supervised much of the Capitol's around $40 million for a com- nal to the Supreme Court that construction as well as its interior design, prehensive restoration. It would we did not have any like," she but he died in 1913 before its completion. include updated plumbing, said. His sons, who had joined him in 1904 to electrical, heating and air con- A few pieces she's identified form George B. Post and Sons, finished the ditioning and computer wiring have yet to be returned to the project. as well as restoring the interior Capitol. One is an intricately to its former condition and re- carved table that will be in- — Lisa Sclntetz storing artwork. stalled into the governor's con- Aside from a small-scale res- ference room. toration of the Assembly Cham- Once it is restored to the Capitol Internet sites ber in 1988, construction work conference room, the room will To find out more about the Capitol's history on the full-scale restoration look almost exactly as it did and restoration, check out these Internet began in the Capitol's North when it was finished in 1910, Al sites: Wing in 1990. Shihabi said — right down to 4 www.legis.state.wi.us/senate/scc/kids/ That the restoration was ac- four 19th century Persian rugs toppage2.htm complished with architectural she found. 4 www.doa.state.wi.us/dbps/capitol/ integrity can be attributed not "That's the reason why this index.asp only to the expertise of design- restoration project is being 4 http://danenet.wicip.org/hmi/capitalidea/ ers, decorative painters and ar- looked at by people from all The Supreme Court administrative offices in the East Wing of the Capitol are the only spaces ideahomepage.html chitects, but to a handful of over," she said. "Most restora- where maple floors still exist. Restoration specialist Diane Al Shihabi, left, oversaw much of the 4 www.cupola.com/html/bldgstru/statecap/ legislators. tions stop at the structural interior detailing in the South and East wings, including replication of the Capitol's clocks and cap01.htm Risser, who has been a legis- work. This project kept going matching new woodwork to its original finish with the help of Roxanne Nelson, the Supreme lator since 1956, has been a 4 www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/ and included the furnishings." Court and Senate's project liaison. GallerieslCapitoltrip.html

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KahlerSlater 110 King Street, Madison, Wl 608-283-6300 Architecture | Interior Design | Facility Planning | Consulting www.kahlerslater.com 4 • Tuesday, September 11,2001 CAPITOE SHINES AGAIN Tuesday, September 11,2001 • 5 THROUGH THE YEARS THROUGH THE YEARS 1836 The first legislature of the Wisconsin 1967 Territory meets in Belmont in a two-story, Dorothy Knowles, wife of Gov. Warren white-framed building — Wisconsin's first Knowles, proposes to remodel the Gover- Capitol — rented from John Atchinson. nor's Conference Room by painting over the dark cherry wood walls and ceiling. The plan 1837 generates a great deal of publicity and Construction begins on the opposition, but is approved by the State Capitol in Madison. The cost of Wisconsin's Capitol and Executive Residence Board, its second Capitol is $60,000. Capitol ret to glory first official action. 1857 1968 Construction begins on the third Capitol as The Capitol rotunda is renovated, including the state government outgrows the original the cleaning of the inner dome's mural and Madison Capitol building. Work is completed the interior walls. in 1869. 1969 1882 Welfare marchers, led by James Groppi, Two wings are added to the Capitol build- occupy the state Assembly chambers for ing, allowing additional space for the State nearly 11 hours. Groppi is arrested on Historical Society, the Supreme Court, the charges of legislative contempt. State Library and increased legislative staffs. The cost of the third Capitol, including the 1977 additions, is $900,000. The secretary of state's office is moved out 1903 of the Capitol. The Legislature appoints a commission to 1980 consider constructing a new and larger Capitol. The Department of Administration issues the "State Capitol Restoration Guidelines." The guidelines recommended restoring the 1904 Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ Capitol to its architectural glory, stating that The Capitol building is destroyed by fire. The Wisconsin Supreme Court hearing room has been returned to its Craig Schreiner/WSJ "past renovations had made serious mistakes original grandeur, including the ornately carved counsel table, restored Pieces of glass, some backed with gold leaf, form the mosaic "Govern- that harmed the architectural integrity of 1906 by Jim Dieter of Milwaukee. The table has been used by attorneys for the ment" in the Capitol rotunda. The figure of a Roman-style centurion is the building and should be rectified." past 84 years during oral arguments before the Supreme Court. one of four giant mosaics that have been delicately cleaned, mostly The commission approves the plan of with cotton swabs, during the restoration. It's the first comprehensive 1981 George B. Post and Sons of New York. cleaning for the mosaics. Work is started to rebuild the West Wing. The Treasurer is moved out of the Capitol. Completed in 1909. 1982 1908 The State Building Commission approves The East Wing construction begins, finished over $1 million to restore the original cherry in 1910. wood windows, rather than replacing them with energy-efficient aluminum windows. 1909 The legislature meets for the first time in the 1987 new quarters. The Capitol Master Plan is approved, which calls for a single, large-scale renovation. The 1910 Capitol is rededicated as part of the state's celebration of the bicentennial of the U.S. The South Wing construction begins, Constitution. finished in 1913. 1988 1911 The Assembly chambers are renovated as a Construction on the rotunda and dome pilot project in the Capitol Master Plan. The begins, finished in 1915. Assembly finishes its session in another area of the Capitol. 1914 The North Wing construction begins. 1988 Two vandals damage 32 windows in all four 1917 wings of the Capitol. Capitol's construction is completed. The cost of building Wisconsin's fourth Capitol is $7.3 1989 million. The dedication of the Capitol is The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) deferred due to World War I. Museum is moved from its Capitol location to temporary quarters at the State Historical 1923 Society. It reopens in 1993 as the Wisconsin The Christmas Pageant, now a 77-year Veterans Museum. tradition, takes place for the first time at the Capitol. The pageant is held 1990 outdoors the first year, but is moved inside The North Wing is closed for renovation, the following year. It has been held in the causing Assembly members to relocate their Capitol each year except during the 1997 offices. The renovation is completed in and 1998 renovation of the rotunda. December 1992 at a cost of $13.6 million. 1925 1993 Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette lies in The West Wing is closed for renovation, forc- state in the Capitol's rotunda. The Wisconsin ing the state Assembly to relocate for two State Journal reports, "Home from the Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ years to the former Guardian Insurance wars of politics, Robert M. La Follette rests Prior to the restoration of the Senate Parlor, the large conference table was the Building on Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. The today in a magnificent sepulchre which he Sarah B. Tews/WSJ only original piece of furniture in the room. Since then, furniture has been renovation is completed in July 1995 at a himself conceived - the $7,000,000 state During renovations, scaffolding surrounded Wisconsin, the 15-foot 5-inch gilded reclaimed from other offices or recreated. The elaborate murals and decorative cost of $16.2 million. house high above the dark blue lakes of bronze statue atop the Capitol dome. Wisconsin received new gold leaf in worn flourishes were architect George B. Post's way of marking the room's importance. his homeland." areas, including her raised arm and finger. 1996 1931 The South Wing is closed for renovation, moving the state Senate to its two-year tem- Due to croWded conditions in the Capitol, porary quarters at the Guardian Insurance the state builds an office building on Wilson Building. The renovation is completed in Jan- Street. This marks the first time when the uary 1999 at a cost of $24.5 million. Capitol is not the home for all of state government. 1997 1942 The renovation of the rotunda begins and is completed in October 1998. A large red, electric "W" is removed from the dome of the Capitol and stays down throughout World War II for energy 1999 conservation. Renovation on the East Wing begins. The governor's office moves to temporary quar- 1965 ters in the South Wing. The attorney gener- al's office and the Supreme Court are tem- Forty-eight years after its completion, porarily located in nearby office buildings. the Capitol's dedication ceremony is held. The Supreme Court's law library is moved The Capitol is given an "add bath" to dean from the Capitol permanently. The East the pollution stains from the granite Wing renovation is completed in September exterior. The cleaning damages some of the 2001 at an estimated cost of $ 38.4 million. stone. 1967 2000 The exterior of the Capitol is cleaned and The legislature creates the State Capitol and restored, completed in 2001. Executive Residence Board, making it responsible for setting standards for designs, repairs and additions. Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ 2001 The mural "Resources of Wisconsin" by artist Edwin Blashfield in the eye of the Capitol's coffer dome is 34 feet in diameter and 200 feet from the rotunda's marble ground The Capitol is designated a National Historic Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ floor. Painted in Blashfield's New York studio and shipped to Madison, the mural features a female figure holding the state Coat of Arms and a scepter of wheat. She is 1967 Craig Schreiner/WSJ Landmark. The cost of the entire renovation Draperies for the Capitol were recreated from original surrounded by other women offering the bounty of Wisconsin: lead, copper, tobacco; fruit and a fresh water pearl. project is $141 million. The Department of Public Instruction is The three original Persian rugs which graced the hardwood drawings and were handcrafted in Janesville by Country parquet floors in the Governor's Conference Room were removed from the Capitol, marking the first Quilters. Fabric, trim and braided tie-backs were color- removed sometime during the last 80 years. Restoration Research by Ron Larson, time a cabinet member did not have an matched to historic remnants. specialist Diane Al Shihabi chose four period rugs, including State Journal library director office in the Capitol. Sources: State Journal archives, Wisconsin this circa-1917 Sarouk Persian to reappoint the room. Blue Book, East Wing Architects, LLC

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Craig Schreiner/WSJ Steve Kaatz of Thomas A. Mason Co. of Milwaukee keeps the state mascot covered in July 1998 as he puts a gold border above the North Hearing Room on the Capitol's second floor. Painters used heavy-duty acrylic paint which should last 30 years or longer. Like most workers involved in the project, Kaatz said he loved coming to work at the Capitol. "I live to work in this place."

Joseph W. Jackson/WSJ The furniture from the Assembly Chamber in the West Wing was taken out through a window and lowered to the ground by crane March 8,1993. An earlier pilot restoration of the chamber took place in 1988, which helped set up the parameters for the massive restoration of the West Wing from 1993 to 1995.

Roxanne Nelson/photo Intricate scaffolding filled the rotunda to allow craftspeople to work on its walls up to and including the eye of the dome. Scaffolding planners, who created an engineering marvel, considered weight- bearing capacities, structural soundness and safety.

Werner Driese, left, and Dave White of Monona Masonry regrout a marble pattern on the first floor of the Capitol in 1995. Most floors were cleaned and regrouted, but some floors, such as the Supreme Court corridors, had to have pieces replaced due to damage from earlier remodeling. Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ

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Craig SchreinerA/VSJ The Capitol's North Hamilton Street entrance shows a facade that is the whitest it's been since it was completed in 1917. The white Bethel granite from Vermont was treated with a $5.3 million sponge-jet clean- ing that removed only the flaking granite and dirt.

Craig Schrelner/WSJ The Capitol restoration included each wing's fourth-floor barrel vault and skylights. Architect George B. Post's design allowed light to flow like water throughout the building via skylights, glass block floors and light panels in corridors.

Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ Original furniture was returned to the East Wing's Supreme Court hearing room after installing Wilton carpeting woven on vintage looms and hand sewn together. The Supreme Court offices had more of its original furniture than any other area in the Capitol.

Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ 1 ||The Supreme Court conference room ceiling, mahogany furniture and glass !||front bookcases have been returned to their original condition and lustre. •The room's Arts and Crafts leaf pattern carpet with border was designed " **"ing historic photographs for reference.

•$••<«« i i''*l i 8 • Tuesday, September 11, 2001 CAPITOL SHINES AGAIN Wisconsin State Journal State Capitol floor plans A guide to the Capitol's layout. Renovation highlights are in yellow.

North wing

GROUND FLOOR

Lieutenant Governor's Office

South wing

North wing Governor's FIRST Conference FLOOR Room

Attorney General's Office

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iUj Governor's Office

South wing

North wing SECOND

FLOOR North

Assembly Chambers

THIRD Joseph W. Jackson Ill/WSJ SENATE CHAMBER: The restoration of the Senate Chamber on the second floor of the Capitol's South Wing included conserving Kenyon Cox's three FLOOR mural panels and restoring the central skylight and the ring of pearl lighting around it. Cox's mural, "The Marriage of the Atlantic and Pacific," symbol- ized the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. It was conserved by Constance Silver of New York.

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South wing

North wing

FOURTH G.A.R. (Grand Army FLOOR of the Republic) Memorial Hearing Room

Craig Schreiner photos/WSJ

GOVERNOR'S OFFICE (above): The governor's office on the first floor of the Capitol's East Wing has been restored to its original condi- tion. The room's original roll-top desk, shown here without the top, was found in the lieutenant governor's office and had been used by Gov. McCallum when he served as Tommy Thompson's lieutenant governor. The glass-front bookcase was found in another office and returned, but the wardrobe is a recreation. Joint Finance GOVERNOR'S STAFF OFFICES (right): This decorative finish in the Hearing governor's staff offices was originally painted by the renowned New Room York firm of Mack, Jenney and Tyler. It had been buried under layers of paint until this year when it was discovered and reinstated by Senate Rebecca Garland, owner of the Garland Guild of Indianapolis. Hearing Room South wing

SOURCE: Department of Administration WSJ graphic