Review Square-Wave Voltammetry: A Review on the Recent Progress Valentin Mirceski,*a, b Rubin Gulaboski,a, b Milivoj Lovric,c Ivan Bogeski,d Reinhard Kappl,d Markus Hothd a Institute of Chemistry, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia b University “Goce Delcev”, Stip, Republic of Macedonia c Medical Faculty, Center for Marine Research Zagreb, “Rud¯er Boskovic” Institute, Zagreb, Croatia d Department of Biophysics, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany *e-mail:
[email protected] Received: July 29, 2013 Accepted: September 20, 2013 Published online: && &&, 2013 Abstract A review on the recent progress of square-wave voltammetry is presented, covering the period of the last five years. The review addresses the new theoretical development of the technique as well as its application for mechanistic purposes, electrode kinetic measurements, biochemical and analytical applications. Besides, a few novel methodo- logical modifications are proposed that might expand the scope and application of the technique. Keywords: Square-wave voltammetry, Theory, Electrode mechanisms, Electrode kinetics DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300369 1 Introduction 2 Basic Features and New Methodological Concepts in SWV Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) is a powerful electro- chemical technique suitable for analytical application, 2.1 Basic Characteristics of SWV mechanistic study of electrode processes and electrokinet- ic measurements [1–6]. Nowadays it is considered as one Typical potential modulation used in SWV consists of of the most advanced voltammetric techniques, which a staircase potential ramp modified with square-shaped unifies the advantages of pulse techniques (enhanced sen- potential pulses (Figure 1A). At each step of the staircase sitivity), cyclic voltammetry (insight into the electrode ramp, two equal in height and oppositely directed poten- mechanism) and impedance techniques (kinetic informa- tial pulses are imposed.