Relazione Visita Guidata Mostra INSECTA

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Relazione Visita Guidata Mostra INSECTA Relazione visita guidata Mostra “Insecta” Complesso monumentale di S. Antonio - Eboli Classe 3° G 18 marzo 2015 La visita alla Mostra “Insecta”, curata da Antonio Festa, si è proposta come valido ed interessante strumento di divulgazione scientifica che ha mirato a sensibilizzare noi studenti verso la tematica del ciclo di vita e delle abitudini degli insetti, ai più misconosciuta, eppure tanto presente nella vita di ciascuno. La formula utilizzata per fare ciò è stata semplice ma estremamente coinvolgente. Nella Mostra, infatti, sono presenti decine di terrari con altrettante specie vive di insetti appartenenti a numerosi ordini: dai coleotteri ai fasmidi, dalle mantidi alle blatte, dalle cavallette agli scorpioni d’acqua. Solo un piccolo assaggio, s’intende, della enorme varietà esistente in natura, ma sufficiente per fungere da supporto per l’approfondimento di tematiche quali la riproduzione, le dimensioni, la forza e l’aggressività, il mimetismo, l’adattamento alla vita in acqua e le interrelazioni che queste creature hanno con la vita umana, sia nel bene che nel male. Abbiamo compreso che senza gli insetti la vita umana cesserebbe probabilmente molto presto di esistere, e nella visita alla Mostra sono stati illustrati i motivi di questa affermazione. Una esperienza che porterà molti di noi a ricredersi relativamente al ribrezzo che molto spesso, ingiustificatamente, si prova per queste spettacolari creature. Obiettivo dell’esperimento nella visita guidata è stato lo studio e la visione degli insetti tropicali Elenco degli insetti osservati: Stilpnochlora couloniana Extatosoma tiaratum Phyllium giganteum Phyllium celebicum Platymeris mombo Idolomantis diabolica Goliathus goliathus Gromphadorhina portentosa Heteropteryx dilatata Pharnacia ponderosa Eurycantha calcarata Phyllocrania paradoxa 1 Analizziamo uno ad uno gli insetti sopra riportati. 1. Stilpnochlora couloniana: Origine: USA, Florida Questo tipo di cavalletta è una specie mimetica appartenente alla famiglia degli ortotteri, infatti tra la vegetazione risulta praticamente irriconoscibile anche se viene osservata da vicino; l’unico strumento che permette di scoprire la sua presenza è il movimento. Il maschio canta dalle prime ore della sera, per attirare l’attenzione della femmina. Ha maggiore capacità di volo grazie al suo addome molto più snello. Come gli altri ortotteri, alla base della tibia anteriore vi sono degli organi scolopali timpanali, che hanno la funzione di “orecchie” Dopo la loro ultima muta, gli adulti impiegano 1-2 mesi per raggiungere la maturità sessuale. L’accoppiamento avviene prevalentemente di notte e dopo alcune settimane la femmina deporrà circa 100 uova su un ramo. Durante il corso della loro vita, gli adulti possono accoppiarsi più volte e le femmine deporre più di un ovatura a testa. 2 Le uova, una volta deposte, dovranno essere spostate tagliando il pezzo di ramo usato per la deposizione, facendo attenzione a non staccarle o danneggiarle e andranno messe nella teca in cui si vorranno poi allevare le future neanidi attaccando il rametto in un lato in rete della teca nella stessa posizione in cui sono state deposte. 2. Extatosoma tiaratum: Origine: Australia Questo insetto è chiamato anche "insetto-foglia secca", appartiene alla famiglia dei fasmide e risulta praticamente invisibile tra la vegetazione, soprattutto tra le foglie e sterpaglie secche. Le larve subiscono diverse "mute" prima di raggiungere lo stadio adulto. La femmina, se disturbata, tende a difendersi con le zampe spinose posteriori e ad emettere allomoni, emanando un caratteristico odore con lo scopo di dissuadere eventuali predatori. Il maschio, invece, essendo privo di spine e di altri sistemi di difesa, cercherà di volare via. Anche lui ha la possibilità di rilasciare allomoni. Una curiosità che appartiene a questo fasmide è legata al fatto del suo mimetismo che parte già dalle uova. Esse, infatti, essendo molti simili a dei semi di un’acacia australiana, vengono raccolte dalle formiche e portate all’interno del formicaio. In questo modo il formicaio diventerà una sorta di incubatrice dal quale poi usciranno indisturbate le neanidi, molto simili alle formiche. 3 3. Phyllium giganteum: Origine: Malaysia Si tratta del gigante del suo genere, considerando che la femmina raggiunge la dimensione di 12 cm. E' inoltre uno degli esempi più incredibili di mimetismo (soprattutto nel caso della femmina), in quanto tutto fa pensare ad una foglia anziché ad un insetto. Le ali nelle femmine restano solo degli accenni, mentre nei maschi si sviluppano quasi interamente. Come per tutti gli altri fasmidi, anche in questo caso le femmine sono partenogeniche. Le zampe, le ali e la testa sono ben mimetizzate, simili a dei frammenti di foglia semi rosicchiati da altri insetti, inoltre sui bordi del corpo sono simulate delle zone di necrosi vegetale (di colore marrone) che rendono l'insieme ancora più veritiero. Le ali sono inadatte al volo. Passa pressoché tutta la vita sullo stesso ramo, si muove pochissimo. Quando si sposta o se viene disturbato, il Phyllium ondeggia come una foglia mossa dal vento; se si sente in pericolo e con questa tecnica non riesce a distogliere l'attenzione del predatore, si finge morto. Vanno maneggiati il meno possibile perché si stressano facilmente. 4 4. Phyllium celebicum: Origine: Celebes (Sulawesi - Indonesia) Le specie appartenenti al genere Phyillium rappresentano uno degli esempi più incredibili di mimetismo criptico. Oltre che nell'aspetto (dal colore verde all'addome pressoché piatto, dai segmenti addominali identici alle venature delle foglie al perimetro di addome e zampe dall'aspetto verosimilmente "mangiucchiato"), questi insetti imitano le foglie anche nel movimento : nel camminare, infatti, ondeggiano come foglie al vento. Sia il maschio sia la femmina sono alati, tuttavia solo il maschio è un modesto volatore, in modo particolare, se aiutato da folate di vento. L’andatura di entrambi è ondeggiante e lenta, simile a quella di una salamandra. La femmina possiede un addome molto allargato, ali piccole coperte da tegmine molto voluminose e antenne molto piccole. Il maschio, molto più mobile della femmina, possiede ali ben sviluppate, coperte da tegmine molto ridotte, antenne molto lunghe e un corpo stretto ed allungato. 5. Platymeris mombo: Origine: Africa subsahariana. Questo insetto è definito come "cimice assassina", in quanto il suo veleno è sufficientemente potente da poter uccidere in pochi istanti le prede; inoltre, avendo la capacità di spruzzarlo, si rivela molto pericolosa anche per l'uomo, poiché il getto, colpendo gli occhi, può provocare la cecità temporanea. Come moltissimi altri animali velenosi, presenta i cosiddetti "colori avvertimento (come il giallo su fondo nero). Le sue modalità di caccia sono le stesse di molti altri emitteri: cattura la preda, inietta con il rostro nel suo corpo una saliva che funge da anestetico ma che possiede anche degli 5 enzimi della digestione, e poi ne succhia i liquidi. Nel caso di prede di una certa dimensione, non esitano ad organizzare veri e propri "attacchi combinati", come se fossero un branco di leoni! 6. Idolomantis diabolica: Origine: Africa orientale Questa meravigliosa specie racchiude in sé 3 virtù molto amate dagli appassionati, e cioè bellezza, dimensioni e rarità. Si tratta di una specie ben specializzata nel mimetismo, abilissima cacciatrice. Predilige esclusivamente insetti volanti, ignorando quasi del tutto insetti quali grilli o larve. In cattività, necessitano di alti livelli di umidità, in tal modo si riduce al minimo la possibilità che le mute possano avvenire in maniera aberrante. La temperatura ideale è compresa tra i 27 ed i 30 gradi. Passano numerose ore, o giorni, in posizione statica fino a quando una preda si avvicina al loro raggio di azione, ed allora con uno scatto fulmineo difficilmente 6 percettibile ad occhio nudo, la afferrano al volo e la divorano in tempi molto rapidi con le loro potenti mandibole 7. Goliathus goliathus: Origine: Dall'Africa equatoriale occidentale all'orientale. Chiamato "Goliathus" può raggiungere allo stadio di larva, i 100 gr e più di peso, sebbene allo stadio adulto questo tenda a dimezzarsi. Si tratta di specie per lo più a distribuzione tropicale, anche se il Goliathus albosignatus è presente anche nella fascia sudorientale dell'Africa. Una volta raggiunta la maturità, la larva si trasforma in crisalide e poi entra in una fase di ibernazione. Passata la stagione secca, l'adulto tende ad emergere ed a ricominciare il ciclo di vita, imperniato principalmente sulla riproduzione . In cattività, lontani da predatori e con condizioni climatiche stabili, gli adulti possono raggiungere l'anno di vita. Hanno una forza incredibile e se tirati via con forza, mentre vengono tenuti in mano, possono provocare vistosi tagli con le unghie affilatissime. 8. Gromphadorhina portentosa: Origine: Madagascar. La "blatta fischiante del Madagascar" è tra le blatte di maggior dimensioni in assoluto (fino a 8 cm). La femmina si distingue dal maschio che presenta delle piccole protuberanze corniformi sul pronoto. E' l'unico insetto al mondo che riesce a "fischiare", facendo fuoriuscire con forza aria dai pori di ciascun segmento addominale. 7 Gli altri insetti, che emettono suoni simili, strofinano tra di loro altre parti del corpo. Il "sibilo" è molto acuto e viene emesso principalmente per difesa, nel momento in cui l'animale si sente attaccato o in pericolo. La femmina lo emette a finalità sessuali, mentre i maschi lo fanno in fase di combattimento.
Recommended publications
  • Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny
    insects Article Three Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Orestes guangxiensis, Peruphasma schultei, and Phryganistria guangxiensis (Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny Ke-Ke Xu 1, Qing-Ping Chen 1, Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi 1 , Jia-Yin Guan 1, Kenneth B. Storey 2, Dan-Na Yu 1,3 and Jia-Yong Zhang 1,3,* 1 College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; [email protected] (K.-K.X.); [email protected] (Q.-P.C.); [email protected] (S.P.G.A.); [email protected] (J.-Y.G.); [email protected] (D.-N.Y.) 2 Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [email protected] 3 Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Simple Summary: Twenty-seven complete mitochondrial genomes of Phasmatodea have been published in the NCBI. To shed light on the intra-ordinal and inter-ordinal relationships among Phas- matodea, more mitochondrial genomes of stick insects are used to explore mitogenome structures and clarify the disputes regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Phasmatodea. We sequence and annotate the first acquired complete mitochondrial genome from the family Pseudophasmati- dae (Peruphasma schultei), the first reported mitochondrial genome from the genus Phryganistria Citation: Xu, K.-K.; Chen, Q.-P.; Ayivi, of Phasmatidae (P. guangxiensis), and the complete mitochondrial genome of Orestes guangxiensis S.P.G.; Guan, J.-Y.; Storey, K.B.; Yu, belonging to the family Heteropterygidae. We analyze the gene composition and the structure D.-N.; Zhang, J.-Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Stick Insects Fact Sheet
    Stick Insects Fact Sheet Female Titan Stick Insect. Image: QM, Jeff Wright. Introduction Biology Stick and leaf insects, scientifically known as phasmids, Females lay eggs one at a time, often with a flick of their are among the largest of all insects in the world. At 26 cm, abdomens to throw the egg some distance. An individual the Titan Stick Insect (Acrophylla titan) is the longest of female drops eggs at a rate of one to several per day and all Australian insects. Phasmids have perfected the art of she can produce between 100 and 1,300 eggs in her life- camouflage. Some resemble sticks and foliage so closely time. They fall to the ground and lie in the leaf litter. they even feature false buds, thorns and ragged leaf-like flanges. Small wonder they are rarely seen except after storms when they are blown out of threes and shrubs. Phasmids are sometimes confused with a different group of insects, the mantids. Also called Praying Mantids, these are predators with large, spiny front legs, held folded ready to strike and grasp prey. In contrast, Phasmids are herbivores (plant-eaters) with simple front legs that are similar in size and structure to their other legs. A variety of insect eggs. (on left). An ant carrying a stick insect egg (on right). Images: QM, Jeff Wright. All stick insects feed on fresh leaves. Some browse on a wide variety of trees and shrubs but others are fussy, eating only a limited range of host plants that are often closely Stick insect eggs are generally oval, and superficially seed- related to each other.
    [Show full text]
  • MSG NL 27 (October 2007).Pdf
    ISSN 1364-3193 Mantis Study Group Newsletter 27 October 2007 Editorial – P.E. Bragg. Welcome to the final MSG Newsletter – at least the final one of this series. The previous Newsletter, volume 26, was issued in August 2003. No more articles were received for publication after that date and with no Newsletters being produced, the Mantis Study Group effectively ceased to exist. In producing this Newsletter, I am not attempting a revival: the opposite is closer to the truth. This issue is intended to update a few previously published items, and to bring the publication to a conclusion by issuing an index to all the previous Newsletters. My thanks go to the 48 contributors to the Newsletters. There is a larger interest in mantids than ever before, judging by the numbers sold at exhibitions in the UK. A much wider range of species is available than when the MSG started in 1996. Over the past four years several people have raised the possibility of re-launching the MSG. A common theme in the suggestions has been to use the internet as a platform. That is rather ironic because, to some extent, the spread of the internet and availability of information on the net was responsible for the demise of the Newsletter; as information became more readily available there was less incentive for people to join the MSG, and less incentive for people to write articles for the Newsletter. The cost of printing and postage means that any revitalisation of the MSG will undoubtedly be internet based. The Newsletter was always short of illustrations, because it could only accommodate black and white drawings, but the internet, coupled with easy access to digital cameras, means that colour photographs can be issued, effectively at zero cost.
    [Show full text]
  • Stick Insects Feed on Common Garden Leaves, Like Eucalyptus (Gum) and Only Require a Quick Mist with Water Daily
    Care Sheet Easily Handled Absolutely harmless, but delicate. Quite at home crawling on their new owners, gently exploring Great First Pets Stick Insects feed on common garden leaves, like Eucalyptus (gum) and only require a quick mist with water daily between 16degC to 28degC. Avoid direct sunlight as this can become too hot, also avoid draughty locations. Do not use Stick Insect insecticide or other chemicals anywhere near your insect. Crowned - Onchestus Rentzi You should clean your enclosure on a regular basis, checking Goliath - Eurycnema goliath for eggs if you wish to keep them. Spiny Leaf - Extatosoma tiaratum (pictured) Feeding/ Diet Strong - Anchiale briareus Stick Insect eat any types of Eucalypt (Gum) leaves and Titan - Acrophylla titan Acadia (Wattle) species. Small braches with fresh clean leaves should be placed in your enclosure in a container of General Information water. Your stick insect can drown so it is best to have a lid Stick Insects hatch from a small egg and grow by undergoing on the container and have small holes for the branches to be put through. Check that your insects are eating; look to see if a series of moults (shedding their outer skeleton) and moults the leaves are being eaten and if there are droppings in your into an adult at about 6 months of age. Stick Insects generally enclosure. If the aren't eating, try a different type of eucalypt. live from eight to eighteen months. This age variation is due Braches should be changed once or twice a week or as soon to many factors, including species type, temperature and sex as they start drying out.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects, Extatosoma Tiaratum (Macleay, 1826) by David S
    The Phasmid Study Group JUNE 2013 NEWSLETTER No 130 ISSN 0268-3806 Extatosoma tiaratum © Paul Brock See Page 11. INDEX Page Content Page Content 2. The Colour Page 9. Phasmid Books – Gray 1833 3. Editorial 10. My Little Friends 3. PSG Membership Details 11. PSG Winter Meeting 19.1.13 3. The PSG Committee 12. Sticks go to School 4. PSG Website Update 13. Development of Phasmid Species List Part 5 4. Contributions to the Newsletter 15. A New Leaf Insect Rearer’s Book 4. Diary Dates 16. X-Bugs 5. PSG Summer Meeting Agenda 16. Dad! It’s Raining Stick Insects 6. PSG Summer Meeting 17. BIAZA Big Bug Bonanza 6. Livestock Report 17. Stick Talk 7. PSG Merchandise Update 18. Holiday to Colombia 7. Newsletter Survey Results 19. Questions 8. National Insect Week @ Bristol Zoo Gardens 20. Macleay’s Spectre It is to be directly understood that all views, opinions or theories, expressed in the pages of "The Newsletter“ are those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, and requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, nor Officers of "The Phasmid Study Group", can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. THE COLOUR PAGE! Acrophylla titan female. Picture on left, becomes picture on right. Unknown species. See page 18. See page 9. Ctenomorpha Acanthoxyla spp, brown version. See page 8. Acanthoxyla spp, green version. See page 8. marginipennis. See page 10. Pictures on the left are from when Sir David Attenborough went to Bristol Zoo Gardens on 21st May 2013 to film for his “Natural Curiosities” series, where he focused on butterflies (regarding metamorphosis) with a short piece on parthenogenesis – hence the Phyllium giganteum he is holding in the photo.
    [Show full text]
  • VKM Rapportmal
    VKM Report 2016: 36 Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2016: Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 29.06.2016 ISBN: 978-82-8259-226-0 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) Po 4404 Nydalen N – 0403 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] www.vkm.no www.english.vkm.no Suggested citation: VKM (2016). Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects. Scientific Opinion on the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, ISBN: 978-82-8259-226-0, Oslo, Norway VKM Report 2016: 36 Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Authors preparing the draft opinion Anders Nielsen (chair), Merethe Aasmo Finne (VKM staff), Maria Asmyhr (VKM staff), Jan Ove Gjershaug, Lawrence R. Kirkendall, Vigdis Vandvik, Gaute Velle (Authors in alphabetical order after chair of the working group) Assessed and approved The opinion has been assessed and approved by Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Members of the panel are: Vigdis Vandvik (chair), Hugo de Boer, Jan Ove Gjershaug, Kjetil Hindar, Lawrence R.
    [Show full text]
  • ZSL Whipsnade Zoo - Stocklist January 2017
    ZSL Whipsnade Zoo - Stocklist January 2017 Status at 01.01.2017 Male Female Unknown Invertebrata Partula rosea Partula snail 0 0 265 Partula suturalis vexillum Partula snail 0 0 24 Pandinus imperator Common emperor scorpion 3 7 36 Brachypelma smithi Red-kneed tarantula 0 0 1 Lasiodora parahybana Brazilian salmon tarantula 0 1 0 Gromphadorhina portentosa Madagascar hissing cockroach 37 37 87 Phyllocrania paradoxa African deadleaf mantis 0 0 7 Phaeophilacris bredoides Cricket 25 0 623 Schistocerca gregaria Desert locust 0 0 40 Carausius morosus Walkingstick 0 0 8 Eurycantha sp. Giant stick insect 0 0 15 Extatosoma tiaratum Giant prickly stick insect 0 0 31 Platymeris biguttata Two-spotted assassin bug 0 0 14 Dynastes hercules Western hercules beetle 2 0 75 Pachnoda sinuata Garden fruit chafer 0 0 143 Polposipus herculeanus Fregate Island giant beetle 0 39 158 Graphium agamemnon Tailed jay swallowtail 0 0 10 Pachliopta kotzebuea Pink rose butterfly 0 0 15 Papilio demoleus Checkered lime swallowtail 0 0 15 Papilio lowi Great yellow mormon swallowtail 0 0 20 Papilio polytes Common mormon swallowtail 0 0 10 Parides arcas Cattleheart butterfly 0 0 10 Greta oto Costa Rica clearwing butterfly 0 0 30 Danaus chrysippus Lesser wanderer butterfly 0 0 1 Idea leuconoe Chinese kite butterfly 0 0 25 Caligo eurilochus Owl butterfly 0 0 25 Morpho peleides Morpho butterfly 0 0 30 Dryadula phaetusa Halloween longwing 0 0 4 Dryas iulia Julia butterfly 0 0 20 Heliconius charithonia Zebrawing butterfly 0 0 15 Heliconius hecale Golden helicon butterfly 0 0 35 Heliconius melpomene Postman butterfly 0 0 35 Cethosia biblis Ruby-red butterfly 0 0 2 Hypolimnas bolina Great egg fly butterfly 0 0 10 Kallima paralekta Indian leaf butterfly 0 0 25 Parthenos sylvia Brown clipper 0 0 10 Siproeta stelenes Malachite butterfly 0 0 30 Attacus atlas Atlas moth 0 0 1 Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant (colony) 0 0 1 Spirobolidae sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of the Lolldaiga Hills Conservation Landscape¹
    Insects of the Lolldaiga Hills Conservation Landscape¹ Family and scientific name² Common name² N³ L E J Threat Comments ODONATA DAMSELFLIES & DRAGONFLIES Aeshinidae Hawkers Anax imperator Blue emperor √ Gomphidae Clubtails Ictinogomphus ferox Common tigertail √ Libellulidea Perchers / Skimmers Brachythemis impartita Northern banded groundling √ Crocothemis erythraea Broad scarlet √ Orthetrum caffrum Two-striped skimmer √ Pantala flavescens Wandering glider √ MANTODEA MANTIDS Hymenopodidae Flower Mantids Phyllocrania paradoxa. Leaf mantid √ Pseudocreobotra wahlbergi Eyed-flower mantid √ Mantidae Common Mantids Sphodromantis gastrica Common green mantid / Giant mantid √ Tarachodes sp. Bark mantid √ Thespidae Hoplocoryphella sp. √ Empusidae Cone-headed Mantids Hemiempusa capensis Giant cone-headed mantid √ ORTHOPTERA GRASSHOPPERS & CRICKETS Gryllatalpidae Mole Crickets Gryllotalpa africana Mole cricket √ 1 Pyrgomorphidae Foam & Lubber Grasshoppers Phymateus viridipes Green milkweed locust √ Acrididae Short-horned Grasshoppers Acanthacris ruficornis Garden locust √ PHASMATODEA STICK INSECTS Phasmatidae Leptinia graminea Grass stick insect √ HEMIPTERA BUGS Pyrrhocoridae Cotton Stainers Dysdercus nigrofasciatus Cotton stainer √ AUCHENORRHYNCHA Cicadidae Cicadas Platypleura haglundi Orange-wing √ NEUROPTERA LACEWINGS & ANTLIONS Myrmeleontidae Antlions Cymothales spectabilis Tree-hole antlion √ Palpares sp. Dotted antlion √ COLEOPTERA BEETLES Carabidae Ground Beetles Cypholoba tenuicollis √ Tefflus kilimanus √ Staphylinidae Rove Beetles Paederus
    [Show full text]
  • 10 Fascinating Praying Mantis Facts
    10 Fascinating Praying Mantis facts 1. Praying Mantises live in the tropics Of approximately 2,000 species of mantids described to date, almost all are tropical creatures. Just 18 native species are known from the entire North American continent. About 80% of all members of the order Mantodea belong to a single family, the Mantidae. 2. The Mantises We See Most Often in the U.S. Are Exotic Species You're more likely to find an introduced mantid species than you are to find a native praying mantis. The Chinese mantis (Tenodera aridifolia) was introduced near Philadelphia, PA about 80 years ago. This large mantid can measure up to 100 mm in length. The European mantid, Mantis religiosa, is pale green and about half the size of the Chinese mantid. European mantids were introduced near Rochester, NY nearly a century ago. Both the Chinese and Europeanmantids are common in the northeastern U.S. today. 3. Mantises Can Turn Their Heads a Full 180 Degrees Try to sneak up on a praying mantis, and you may be startled when it looks over its shoulder at you. No other insect can do so. Praying mantids have a flexible joint between the head and prothorax that enables them to swivel their heads. This ability, along with their rather humanoid faces and long, grasping forelegs, endears them to even the most entomophobic people among us. 1 4. Mantises Are Closely Related to Cockroaches and Termites These three seemingly different insects – mantids, termites, and cockroaches – are believed to descend from a common ancestor. In fact, some entomologists group these insects in a superorder (Dictyoptera), due to their close evolutionary relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Interesting Insects (And a Few Other Things) in Madagascar
    Some Interesting Insects (and a few other things) in Madagascar Lemur-free Madagascar is located off the southeast coast of Africa The closest point to the mainland, in eastern Mozambique, is 425 km (266 miles) to the west Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world Madagascan Sunset Moth Chrysiridia (= Urania) rhipheus Madagascar broke off from Gondwana, along with the India, about 135 mya Madagascar later separated from India about 88 mya and has since been an isolated island Most of the trip centered on the main highway (RN7) in Madagascar, running between the capital, Antananarivo (Tana) and Toliara Plague notices in the airports Rice Rice consumption is about 120 kg/year per person Zebu (omby) Bos taurus indicus Over 300 described species Likely 100s undescribed 99% endemic Tomato Frog Dyscophagus antongili Frog Camouflage Frog Camouflage Over ½ of the world’s species Chameleon Rock Geckos! Leaftailed Geckos Uroplatus spp. Forest Leeches!! Haemadipsid leeches Egg of an elephant bird Between 5 and 8 species in 3 genera The most common species ranged between 350-500 kg and over 3 m in height All elephant birds were thought to have been killed off by the 17th Century – but egg shell fragments remain today Eggs weighed about 10 kg Photograph by Dimus/Wikipedia In bowling when you get three consecutive strikes it is called a “turkey” 3 strikes Photograph by D. Haskard/OEH 4 strikes = “emu” 5 strikes = moa 6 strikes = giant elephant bird Male Giraffe Weevil Trachelophorus giraffa Coleoptera: Attelabidae Female Photograph courtesy of Axel Straub The most iconic insect of Madagascar Females carefully roll and fold leaves of the host plants to produce a nidus, within which the egg is laid Nidus Egg Nidus The insect group Crane flies most often seen in the forested areas Eumenid wasps Insect hunting wasps were among the most commonly seen insects most everywhere Vespid wasps Hunting wasps Termite nests were common Carton nests in trees are usually produced by ants (Crematogaster spp.) Antlions Palpares spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuronal Innervation of the Exocrine Defence Glands in Stick Insects Konrad Stolz1†, Christoph-Rüdiger Von Bredow1†, Yvette M
    Stolz et al. Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:29 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0122-0 RESEARCH Open Access Neurons of self-defence: neuronal innervation of the exocrine defence glands in stick insects Konrad Stolz1†, Christoph-Rüdiger von Bredow1†, Yvette M. von Bredow1†, Reinhard Lakes-Harlan2, Tina E. Trenczek1* and Johannes Strauß2* Abstract Background: Stick insects (Phasmatodea) use repellent chemical substances (allomones) for defence which are released from so-called defence glands in the prothorax. These glands differ in size between species, and are under neuronal control from the CNS. The detailed neural innervation and possible differences between species are not studied so far. Using axonal tracing, the neuronal innervation is investigated comparing four species. The aim is to document the complexity of defence gland innervation in peripheral nerves and central motoneurons in stick insects. Results: In the species studied here, the defence gland is innervated by the intersegmental nerve complex (ISN) which is formed by three nerves from the prothoracic (T1) and suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), as well as a distinct suboesophageal nerve (Nervus anterior of the suboesophageal ganglion). In Carausius morosus and Sipyloidea sipylus, axonal tracing confirmed an innervation of the defence glands by this N. anterior SOG as well as N. anterior T1 and N. posterior SOG from the intersegmental nerve complex. In Peruphasma schultei, which has rather large defence glands, only the innervation by the N. anterior SOG was documented by axonal tracing. In the central nervous system of all species, 3-4 neuron types are identified by axonal tracing which send axons in the N. anterior SOG likely innervating the defence gland as well as adjacent muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • Mantis Study Group Newsletter, 1 (August 1996)
    ISSN 1364-3193 Mantis Study Group Newsletter 1 August 1996 Editorial Welcome to the first MSG Newsletter. Some of you will be aware of how the group was formed; others may not, so here is a bit of the background. My main interest is in phasmids but I also collect a few mantids and cockroaches on my visits to Borneo, and I rear a few other species at home. Over the past few years I have been getting an increasing number of letters and phone calls from people requesting advice or information about mantids. Requests varied from basic care information to detailed questions on identification and natural history. Eventually I decided that there was sufficient interest to make it worthwhile forming a group to try to make information more widely available. Several people I have spoken to have said they had also been thinking about forming a group, so there seemed to be sufficient interest! The MSG was founded on 18th May 1996 at a meeting at Dudley Zoo, the meeting was held in conjunction with the Blattodea Culture Group. At the meeting people were appointed to take responsibility for four areas: Newsletter Editor Livestock co-ordination Phil Bragg Steve Clark 51, Longfield Lane. 41B Macbean Street I1keston, Woolwich Derbyshire. London DE74DX. SEl86LW U.K. U.K. Tel: 0115-9305010 Tel: 0181-854-1159 Newsletter, printing & distribution Membership Secretary & Treasurer Kieren Pitts Paul Taylor 17 Priory Road 24, Forge Road, Exeter Shustoke, Devon Coleshill, EX47AW Birmingham. U.K. B462AU. Tel: 01392-427919 U.K. Tel: 01675-481578 David Yager (Maryland, USA) supplied a long list of people that he knew to had an interest in mantids so, combining this with my own list, over 100 membership forms were sent out with in the first two weeks of the group being formed.
    [Show full text]