Cycle 13 Abstract Catalog Generated On: Wed Apr 14 10:07:54 EDT 2004
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Stellar Populations in a Standard ISOGAL Field in the Galactic Disc
A&A 493, 785–807 (2009) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200809668 & c ESO 2009 Astrophysics Stellar populations in a standard ISOGAL field in the Galactic disc, S. Ganesh1,2,A.Omont1,U.C.Joshi2,K.S.Baliyan2, M. Schultheis3,1,F.Schuller4,1,andG.Simon5 1 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS and Université Paris 6, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India e-mail: [email protected] 3 Observatoire de Besançon, Besançon, France 4 Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany 5 GEPI, UMS-CNRS 2201, Observatoire de Paris, France Received 28 February 2008 / Accepted 3 September 2008 ABSTRACT Aims. We identify the stellar populations (mostly red giants and young stars) detected in the ISOGAL survey at 7 and 15 μmtowards a field (LN45) in the direction = −45, b = 0.0. Methods. The sources detected in the survey of the Galactic plane by the Infrared Space Observatory were characterised based on colour−colour and colour−magnitude diagrams. We combine the ISOGAL catalogue with the data from surveys such as 2MASS and GLIMPSE. Interstellar extinction and distance were estimated using the red clump stars detected by 2MASS in combination with the isochrones for the AGB/RGB branch. Absolute magnitudes were thus derived and the stellar populations identified from their absolute magnitudes and their infrared excess. Results. A standard approach to analysing the ISOGAL disc observations has been established. We identify several hundred RGB/AGB stars and 22 candidate young stellar objects in the direction of this field in an area of 0.16 deg2. -
NGC 362: Another Globular Cluster with a Split Red Giant Branch⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
A&A 557, A138 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321905 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics NGC 362: another globular cluster with a split red giant branch,, E. Carretta1, A. Bragaglia1, R. G. Gratton2, S. Lucatello2, V. D’Orazi3,4, M. Bellazzini1, G. Catanzaro5, F. Leone6, Y. M om any 2,7, and A. Sollima1 1 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 2 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 3 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109 Australia 4 Monash Centre for Astrophysics, Monash University, School of Mathematical Sciences, Building 28, Clayton VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia 5 INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy 6 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy 7 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile Received 16 May 2013 / Accepted 11 July 2013 ABSTRACT We obtained FLAMES GIRAFFE+UVES spectra for both first- and second-generation red giant branch (RGB) stars in the globular cluster (GC) NGC 362 and used them to derive abundances of 21 atomic species for a sample of 92 stars. The surveyed elements include proton-capture (O, Na, Mg, Al, Si), α-capture (Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Sc, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu), and neutron-capture elements (Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Dy). The analysis is fully consistent with that presented for twenty GCs in previous papers of this series. Stars in NGC 362 seem to be clustered into two discrete groups along the Na-O anti-correlation with a gap at [O/Na] ∼ 0 dex. -
A Secondary Clump of Red Giant Stars: Why and Where
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server A secondary clump of red giant stars: why and where L´eo Girardi Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85740 Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Abstract. Based on the results of detailed population synthesis models, Girardi et al. (1998) recently claimed that the clump of red giants in the colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) of composite stellar populations should present an extension to lower luminosities, which goes down to about 0.4 mag below the main clump. This feature is made of stars just massive enough for having ignited helium in non- degenerate conditions, and therefore corresponds to a limited interval of stellar masses and ages. In the present models, which include moderate convective over- shooting, it corresponds to 1 Gyr old populations. In this paper, we go into∼ more details about the origin and properties of this feature. We first compare the clump theoretical models with data for clusters of different ages and metallicities, basically confirming the predicted behaviours. We then refine the previous models in order to show that: (i) The faint extension is expected to be clearly separated from the main clump in the CMD of metal-rich populations, defining a ‘secondary clump’ by itself. (ii) It should be present in all galactic fields containing 1 Gyr old stars and with mean metallicities higher than about Z =0:004. -
Arxiv:1712.02405V2 [Astro-Ph.SR] 11 Dec 2017
Draft version October 19, 2018 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX61 PHOTOSPHERIC DIAGNOSTICS OF CORE HELIUM BURNING IN GIANT STARS Keith Hawkins,1 Yuan-Sen Ting,2, 3, 4, 5 and Hans-Walter Rix6 1Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA 2Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, The Australian National University, ACT 2611, Australia 3Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA 4Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 5Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 6Max-Planck-Institut f¨urAstronomie, K¨onigstuhl17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany ABSTRACT Core helium burning primary red clump (RC) stars are evolved red giant stars which are excellent standard candles. As such, these stars are routinely used to map the Milky Way or determine the distance to other galaxies among other things. However distinguishing RC stars from their less evolved precursors, namely red giant branch (RGB) stars, is still a difficult challenge and has been deemed the domain of asteroseismology. In this letter, we use a sample of 1,676 RGB and RC stars which have both single epoch infrared spectra from the APOGEE survey and asteroseismic parameters and classification to show that the spectra alone can be used to (1) predict asteroseismic parameters with precision high enough to (2) distinguish core helium burning RC from other giant stars with less than 2% contamination. This will not only allow for a clean selection of a large number of standard candles across our own and other galaxies from spectroscopic surveys, but also will remove one of the primary roadblocks for stellar evolution studies of mixing and mass loss in red giant stars. -
Stellar Evolution
Stellar Astrophysics: Stellar Evolution 1 Stellar Evolution Update date: December 14, 2010 With the understanding of the basic physical processes in stars, we now proceed to study their evolution. In particular, we will focus on discussing how such processes are related to key characteristics seen in the HRD. 1 Star Formation From the virial theorem, 2E = −Ω, we have Z M 3kT M GMr = dMr (1) µmA 0 r for the hydrostatic equilibrium of a gas sphere with a total mass M. Assuming that the density is constant, the right side of the equation is 3=5(GM 2=R). If the left side is smaller than the right side, the cloud would collapse. For the given chemical composition, ρ and T , this criterion gives the minimum mass (called Jeans mass) of the cloud to undergo a gravitational collapse: 3 1=2 5kT 3=2 M > MJ ≡ : (2) 4πρ GµmA 5 For typical temperatures and densities of large molecular clouds, MJ ∼ 10 M with −1=2 a collapse time scale of tff ≈ (Gρ) . Such mass clouds may be formed in spiral density waves and other density perturbations (e.g., caused by the expansion of a supernova remnant or superbubble). What exactly happens during the collapse depends very much on the temperature evolution of the cloud. Initially, the cooling processes (due to molecular and dust radiation) are very efficient. If the cooling time scale tcool is much shorter than tff , −1=2 the collapse is approximately isothermal. As MJ / ρ decreases, inhomogeneities with mass larger than the actual MJ will collapse by themselves with their local tff , different from the initial tff of the whole cloud. -
Comet ISON Hurtles Toward an Uncertain Destiny with the Sun
3 Director’s Message Markus Kissler-Patig 6 Featured Science: Dynamical Masses of Galaxy Clusters Discovered with the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect Cristóbal Sifón, Felipe Menanteau, John P. Hughes, and L. Felipe Barrientos, for the ACT collaboration 11 Science Highlights Nancy A. Levenson 14 Cover Story: GeMS Embarks on the Universe Benoit Neichel and Rodrigo Carrasco 19 Instrumentation Development Updates Percy Gomez, Stephen Goodsell, Fredrik Rantakyro, and Eric Tollestrup 23 Operations Corner Andy Adamson 26 Featured Press Release: Comet ISON Hurtles Toward an Uncertain Destiny with the Sun On the Cover: GeminiFocus July 2013 The montage on GeminiFocus is a quarterly publication of Gemini Observatory this issue’s cover highlights several of 670 N. A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 USA the spectacular images Phone: (808) 974-2500 Fax: (808) 974-2589 gathered as part of Online viewing address: the System Verification www.gemini.edu/geminifocus of the Gemini Multi- Managing Editor: Peter Michaud conjugate adaptive Science Editor: Nancy A. Levenson optics System (GeMS). Associate Editor: Stephen James O’Meara See the article starting on page 14 Designer: Eve Furchgott / Blue Heron Multimedia to learn more about this system and the cutting-edge science it Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. is performing — right out of the starting gate! 2 GeminiFocus July2013 Markus Kissler-Patig Director’s Message 2013: A Year of Milestones, Change, and Accomplishments We’ve seen quite a few changes at Gemini since the start of 2013. -
1989Apj. . .339. .904C the Astrophysical Journal, 339:904^918,1989 April 15 © 1989. the American Astronomical Society. All Righ
.904C The Astrophysical Journal, 339:904^918,1989 April 15 © 1989. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. .339. 1989ApJ. AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS WITH POSTCOLLAPSE CORES IN THE GALAXY David F. Chernoff1 Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University AND S. Djorgovski2 California Institute of Technology Received 1988 May 6 ¡accepted 1988 September 20 ABSTRACT We present a new compilation of structural parameters for Galactic globular clusters, based on the data from the complete survey published by Djorgovski, King, and collaborators in 1984, 1986, and 1987 and the e find that the s aboutIhZTth' the ?Galactic| t center than di t nbutionthe distribution of the post^ore-collapsed of the King model (PCC) (KM) clustersclusters. is Withinmuch morethe KM concentrated family a similar trend exists: centrally condensed KM clusters are found, on average, at smaller galactocentric radii To deal with the problem of Galactic obscuration, we used a distance-independent analysis, similar to one devel- oped and published by Frenk and White in 1982. We analyzed the shapes of the KM and PCC cluster systems; they are each consistent with a symmetrical distribution of the clusters about the Galactic center At hxed distance from the center, the clusters at smaller heights above the plane (and thus the less inclined orbits) are marginally more concentrated. The data indicate that the more concentrated KM clusters tend to have C eS ther hand the cc clusters KMK M clusters.H nTr^Th The pPCCiï clusters^ ° show, signs’. ofP tidal distortions are lessm theirluminous envelopes: than thetheir highest major concentrationaxes tend to point toward the Galactic center; the KM clusters show no such effect. -
Arxiv:1803.04461V1 [Astro-Ph.SR] 12 Mar 2018 (Received; Revised March 14, 2018) Submitted to Apj
Draft version March 14, 2018 Typeset using LATEX preprint style in AASTeX61 CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES OF MAIN-SEQUENCE, TURN-OFF, SUBGIANT AND RED GIANT STARS FROM APOGEE SPECTRA I: SIGNATURES OF DIFFUSION IN THE OPEN CLUSTER M67 Diogo Souto,1 Katia Cunha,2, 1 Verne V. Smith,3 C. Allende Prieto,4, 5 D. A. Garc´ıa-Hernandez,´ 4, 5 Marc Pinsonneault,6 Parker Holzer,7 Peter Frinchaboy,8 Jon Holtzman,9 J. A. Johnson,6 Henrik Jonsson¨ ,10 Steven R. Majewski,11 Matthew Shetrone,12 Jennifer Sobeck,11 Guy Stringfellow,13 Johanna Teske,14 Olga Zamora,4, 5 Gail Zasowski,7 Ricardo Carrera,15 Keivan Stassun,16 J. G. Fernandez-Trincado,17, 18 Sandro Villanova,17 Dante Minniti,19 and Felipe Santana20 1Observat´orioNacional, Rua General Jos´eCristino, 77, 20921-400 S~aoCrist´ov~ao,Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA 3National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA 4Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5Departamento de Astrof´ısica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 6Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 8Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA 9New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA 10Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, -
Abundance–Age Relations with Red Clump Stars in Open Clusters?,?? L
A&A 652, A25 (2021) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039951 & c L. Casamiquela et al. 2021 Astrophysics Abundance–age relations with red clump stars in open clusters?,?? L. Casamiquela1, C. Soubiran1 , P. Jofré2 , C. Chiappini3, N. Lagarde4 , Y. Tarricq1 , R. Carrera5 , C. Jordi6 , L. Balaguer-Núñez6 , J. Carbajo-Hijarrubia6, and S. Blanco-Cuaresma7 1 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile 3 Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany 4 Institut UTINAM, CNRS UMR6213, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, OSU-THETA Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP 1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France 5 INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 6 Dept. FQA, Institut de Ciéncies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 7 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 19 November 2020 / Accepted 14 May 2021 ABSTRACT Context. Precise chemical abundances coupled with reliable ages are key ingredients to understanding the chemical history of our Galaxy. Open clusters (OCs) are useful for this purpose because they provide ages with good precision. Aims. The aim of this work is to investigate the relation between different chemical abundance ratios and age traced by red clump (RC) stars in OCs. Methods. We analyzed a large sample of 209 reliable members in 47 OCs with available high-resolution spectroscopy. -
A Spectroscopic Study of Detached Binary Systems Using Precise Radial
A spectroscopic study of detached binary systems using precise radial velocities ———————————————————— A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy in the University of Canterbury by David J. Ramm —————————– University of Canterbury 2004 Abstract Spectroscopic orbital elements and/or related parameters have been determined for eight bi- nary systems, using radial-velocity measurements that have a typical precision of about 15 m s−1. The orbital periods of these systems range from about 10 days to 26 years, with a median of about 6 years. Orbital solutions were determined for the seven systems with shorter periods. The measurement of the mass ratio of the longest-period system, HD 217166, demonstrates that this important astrophysical quantity can be estimated in a model-free manner with less than 10% of the orbital cycle observed spectroscopically. Single-lined orbital solutions have been derived for five of the binaries. Two of these systems are astrometric binaries: β Ret and ν Oct. The other SB1 systems were 94 Aqr A, θ Ant, and the 10-day system, HD 159656. The preliminary spectroscopic solution for θ Ant (P 18 years), is ∼ the first one derived for this system. The improvement to the precision achieved for the elements of the other four systems was typically between 1–2 orders of magnitude. The very high pre- cision with which the spectroscopic solution for HD 159656 has been measured should allow an investigation into possible apsidal motion in the near future. In addition to the variable radial velocity owing to its orbital motion, the K-giant, ν Oct, has been found to have an additional long-term irregular periodicity, attributed, for the time being, to the rotation of a large surface feature. -
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
PHY111 1 The HR Diagram THE HERTZSPRUNG -RUSSELL DIAGRAM THE AXES The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram is a plot of luminosity (total power output) against surface temperature , both on log scales. Since neither luminosity nor surface temperature is a directly observed quantity, real plots tend to use observable quantities that are related to luminosity and temperature. The table below gives common axis scales you may see in the lectures or in textbooks. Note that the x-axis runs from hot to cold, not from cold to hot! Axis Theoretical Observational x Teff (on log scale) Spectral class OBAFGKM or Colour index B – V, V – I or log 10 Teff y L/L⊙ (on log scale) Absolute visual magnitude MV (or other wavelengths) 1 or log 10 (L/L⊙) Apparent visual magnitude V (or other wavelengths) The symbol ⊙ means the Sun—i.e., the luminosity is measured in terms of the Sun’s luminosity, rather than in watts. Teff is effective temperature (the temperature of a blackbody of the same surface area and total power output). BRANCHES OF THE HR DIAGRAM This is a real HR diagram, of the globular cluster NGC1261, constructed using data from the HST. The horizontal line is a fit to the diagram assuming [Fe/H] = −1.35 branch (the heavy element content of the cluster is 4.5% of the Sun’s heavy element content), a distance red giant modulus of 16.15 (the absolute magnitude is found branch by subtracting 16.15 from the apparent magnitude) and an age of 12.0 Gyr. subgiant Reference: NEQ Paust et al, AJ 139 (2010) 476. -
SPIRIT Target Lists
JANUARY and FEBRUARY deep sky objects JANUARY FEBRUARY OBJECT RA (2000) DECL (2000) OBJECT RA (2000) DECL (2000) Category 1 (west of meridian) Category 1 (west of meridian) NGC 1532 04h 12m 04s -32° 52' 23" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 1566 04h 20m 00s -54° 56' 18" NGC 1532 04h 12m 04s -32° 52' 23" NGC 1546 04h 14m 37s -56° 03' 37" NGC 1672 04h 45m 43s -59° 14' 52" NGC 1313 03h 18m 16s -66° 29' 43" NGC 1313 03h 18m 15s -66° 29' 51" NGC 1365 03h 33m 37s -36° 08' 27" NGC 1566 04h 20m 01s -54° 56' 14" NGC 1097 02h 46m 19s -30° 16' 32" NGC 1546 04h 14m 37s -56° 03' 37" NGC 1232 03h 09m 45s -20° 34' 45" NGC 1433 03h 42m 01s -47° 13' 19" NGC 1068 02h 42m 40s -00° 00' 48" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 300 00h 54m 54s -37° 40' 57" NGC 2217 06h 21m 40s -27° 14' 03" Category 1 (east of meridian) Category 1 (east of meridian) NGC 1637 04h 41m 28s -02° 51' 28" NGC 2442 07h 36m 24s -69° 31' 50" NGC 1808 05h 07m 42s -37° 30' 48" NGC 2280 06h 44m 49s -27° 38' 20" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 2292 06h 47m 39s -26° 44' 47" NGC 1617 04h 31m 40s -54° 36' 07" NGC 2325 07h 02m 40s -28° 41' 52" NGC 1672 04h 45m 43s -59° 14' 52" NGC 3059 09h 50m 08s -73° 55' 17" NGC 1964 05h 33m 22s -21° 56' 43" NGC 2559 08h 17m 06s -27° 27' 25" NGC 2196 06h 12m 10s -21° 48' 22" NGC 2566 08h 18m 46s -25° 30' 02" NGC 2217 06h 21m 40s -27° 14' 03" NGC 2613 08h 33m 23s -22° 58' 22" NGC 2442 07h 36m 20s -69° 31' 29" Category 2 Category 2 M 42 05h 35m 17s -05° 23' 25" M 42 05h 35m 17s -05° 23' 25" NGC 2070 05h 38m 38s -69° 05' 39" NGC 2070 05h 38m 38s -69°