LAGOS JOUIlMAl Of llBIlAIlY & InfOIlMATlon SCIEnCE

E S· T.,20 ".

M~ Aii r• CONTENTS Editorial

Ii Abstracts & keywords

Cataloguer's Workstation: Implications For Cataloguing Theory and Practice in Academic Libraries in Developing Countries. Egberongbe,H.S.(Mrs.)

7 The Value of Exhibition in University Libraries: A Case Study of tile University of Adenuga, Adebisi F. (Mrs.)

12 Shelving: Shelf Reading and Upkeep of Library Stock in High School Library in , Nigeria. Sokoya, A. A. (Mrs.)

16 Compliance with Library Rules and Regulation: A Review Alokun, N. A. T. & Fijabi, F. A.

24 Accreditation of Academic Programmes in Nigeria Universities: The Role of the Library Akinfolarin, W. A.

28 Training of School Librarians for the New Millenium in Nigeria: A Review of the past. Egunjobi, Rotimi Adesina

32 User Education in Tertiary Institution in Nigeria Osagie, J.N.

37 Conversion of Serial Holdings Into Automated Library System in Nigeria: The Hurdles Ahead Adio, W. Fola

42 Assessing the Catalogue Module of Alice for Window Software Anyaogu, Uluocha (Mrs.)

6 Computerization of 'Academics Libraries: A Case Study of Hezekiah Oluwasanmi Library, Obafemi Awolowo University, lIe-lfe Jagboro, K.O. (Mrs.)

53 The Utilization of Audiovisual, Materials by Community Health Workers in Lagos, Nigeria. Anasi, Stella N. I. (Mrs.)

59 Legal Deposit Provision of the National Library Act: Implementation, Preservation and Benefits Sonaike, S.E.A.

67 New and Emerging Tools For Library Practice In The New Millennium A kin tun de, Stephen A.

73 The Bibliometric Analysis of the Articles of Librarians in Ondo and Kwara States, Nigeria Olofinsawe, Akin A.

77 Librarians as Human Resource Managers: The challenges Okafor, C. E. (Mrs.)

85 Practice Reference Services in Libraries: The Nigerian Perspectives Olanlokun. S.O. " 91 Collection Development and Outsourcing in Selected Health Sciences Libraries in Lagos, Nigeria Ibegwam, A .

.. ' .. . 1'. Editorial Assistants Lagos Journal of Library and Information Science Y. Zaid (Mrs.) Library, ISSN 1596-9487 e2003 NLA, Lagos 'Chapter , Yaba, Lagos. EA.Fijabi University of Lagos Library, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos.

U. Anyaogu (Mrs.) Nig. Inst. of Advanced Legal Studies Library.

Editodal Advisers

• Prof. A. 9. Aina Dept. of Lib, & Information Studies Editor-In-Chicf University of Botswana, Charles O. Omekwu (ph.D) Private Bag 0022 Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Gaborore, Botswana. University of Lagos Campus, Akoka, Lagos. e-mail: [email protected] • Prof. A. A. Alcmna Balm Library Editorial Board University of Ghana P. O. Box 2~, Lagos, Ghana. Dr. Ibidapo Okctunji - Member National Library of Nigeria, Ijora. II Dr.S. Olajirc Olanlokun University of Lagos Library. Mrs. H. S. Egbcrongbe - Member Akoka, Yaba, Lagos. University of Lagos Library, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos Gboycga Banjo Muson Centre, Lagos. Mr. L O.Ajibola - Member Mrs. Olurcmi Jcgcde National Library of Nigeria Lagos. Sabo, Lagos.

Mrs. H.O.J. Akinade - Member College of Medicine Library Idi-Araba, Lagos.

Mr. Toyin Dina - Member Centre for Management Development, Lagos Designed and Printed by II~OFA ('0.\1 \1ElK lAL PRES- U'IlTFD Mrs. N.B. Yusuf - Business Manager 2ft, :tlulaiJ'lI Street, Pedro-Road. 1'.O. 13".\~.-9 , Lwmolu La!! National Library of Nigeria ~n801346 0 - The Utilization of Audiovisual Following the International Standard, the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (1988) formulated the Materials by Community Health National Health Policy and Strategy which can enable Workers in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerians to achieve "a level of health that will permit Anasi, Stella N I. (Mrs.) them to lead socially and economically productive lives at the highest possible level". Thus both the Federal, State and Local government of Nigeria as well as all Nigerians commit themselves towards the achievement of the goal of health for all citizens by the year 2000 and beyond.

Consequently, concerted efforts were made by the government towards the recruiting and training ofhcalth workers needed for the implementation of primary health care at local government level. These were the community health officers, community health supervisors, community health extension workers.. They are Anasi, Stella N. I. (M rs.) Main Library, University of Lagos, responsible for providi ng health services, health Akoka. education and information necessary for the elimination of ignorance, superstition and fear which consequently lead to the improvement of the health status of the community. Audiovisual; Community Health, Lagos, Nigeria.

Inspite of 1 i.e. efforts made by both the Federal, State, Local government and other health agencies to ensure that people imbibe good health habits, majority of the This paper examined the utilization of audiovisual people are still wallowing in ignorance, superstition, Fear resources by Community Health Workers in Lagos, and diseases. Not only that the mortality and morbidity Nigeria. Data generated and analyzed indicated rate is still very high in many parts of the country. This that audiovisual resources available to the paper therefore examines the utilization of audiovisual Community Health Workers in different centers are materials by Community Health Workers in the limited in number and that the available ones are disseminat'l9J1 cf health information in Lagos State. utilized in all health programmes. 'Also, the most used media were songs, lectures, pictures and OBJECfNE OF THE STUDY posters which were considered to be very effective. The Community Health Workers identified cost of 1. Ascertain the types of audiovisual aids available to community health workers. audiovisual materials and constant power failure as p~~ ..~• major deterrent to media use. The paper 2. Identity health problems which community health recommends adequate provision of audiovisual workers use audiovisual aids to disseminate. materials through an increase in budget allocation, removal of import duties on audiovisual hardwares 3. As certai n the relevance of the content of and softwares and donations from philanthropic and audiovisual materials especially those imported or non-governmental organizations. Also, regular commercially produced to local health workshops and conferences forthe development and progra mmcs, retraining of Community Health Workers on the use 4. Determine the frequency of use of these audiovisual of audiovisual media as well as evaluation of used materials. media should be organized by government health agencies. 5. Determine the effectiveness of these audiovisual aids in dissemination of health programmes.

!TRODUCTION 6. Ascertain socio-economic related factors that Health is of strategic importance to a nation and its militate against the use of audiovisual materials in ople because a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. dissemination of health information. Taking cognizance of this fact, the joint conference RESULTS rganized by WHOIUNICEF at Alma-Am in Russia, in 1978 defined new ideas and approaches towards raising Personal Data world's health status. The new philosophy adopted Primary Health Care (pH C) geared towards "Health Age distribution of the respondents indicates that r all by the year 2000". 20.8% were between U-ie ages of20 and 30, 56.7% were between the ages of3l and 40, 19.2%were between the ages of 41 and 50, while 3.3% were above 50 years. This

53 Compliance with Library Rules and Regulation Lagos Journal of Library & Information Science Anasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.) Vol. 1, No.1, 2003 shows that a large number of the community health TABLES: HEALTH PROGRAMMES FOR WHICH workers are between the ages of 31--l0 years of age. It AUDIOVlSUAtsARE UTILIZED implies that the role of discharging essential health care No. OF services in Lagos state is committed into the hands of PROGRAMMES RESI'Ol\1)ENTS0/0 active adults who are capable of Iulfilling its objectives. Immunization 113 9-l.2 A large number (70%) of the respondents hold Nutrition Education 1

Total 120 100 CONTENT No. of RELEVANCE Respondents % A majority of the respondents (55.8%) have above 10 years working experience. 9.2% ofthem have between VeryRelevant 'iU 58.3 o to 3 years working experience 14.2% have between 4 Relevant 4G 38.3 to 6 years working experience, while 20.8% have between &.l l.7 7 to 10 years working experience. Since most community Not Relevant health workers in Lagos state have worked for a long Not sure 12 l.7 period of time, they arc expected to perform their work Total 120 100 very well. Frequency cruse ofMedia Audiovisual Resources Available to the Respondents Most of the respondents 85 (70.8%) agreed that songs All the places visited have a large quantity of are used very frequently, Followed by pictures 72 (60%), posters and pamphlets which were given out freely to lectures 59 (49.2%). Other media trailed behind as the community health workers on request, presented in Table 5. Local Government seems to be the richest of all. It has a museum where all their health education audiovisual Effectiveness of Media Utilizcd materials are kept. The audiovisual collection in this museum is quite fascinating. None of the local The findings revealed that audiovisual media such as government has a video projector. (See Table 2). Posters (83.3%), Songs (81.7%), Pictures (64.2%), Lectures (60.8%) are very effective in the dissemination Health Programmes for \\ hich Audiovisuals are Utilized of health information. Others followed as shown in All health programmes require the use of audiovisual table 6. aids so as to attract the attention of the recipients as shown in Table 3. Inununization progranune was ranked Constraints to Use of Audiovisual Resources highest by the respondents with 113 (94.2%) followed Eighty (66.7%) of the respondents ranked 'Very by nutrition education 106 (88.3%), growth monitoring expensive' as the first major deterrent to the use of 102 (85%), family planning 101(84,2%), antenatal care audiovisual resources. Constant power failure 79 96 (80%) 79 (65.8%). and public health enlightenment (65,8%) and inavailability of the materials 77 (64.2%)

54 Compliance with library Rules and Regulation Lagos Journal of library & Information Science Anasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.) Vol. 1, No.1, 2003

were ranked by the respondents as second and third will uot only inform people about desirable health major inhibitors respectively. Other constraints trailed pracuvcs but result in relatively permanent change in b ind these major factors as revealed in table 7. their health habits. However, immunization programme was ranked highest. This may be due to the fact that '. ISCUSSION Expanded Programme on Inununization (EPI) of children A majority of the community health workers hold and women of childbearing age against the six deadly Community Health Extension Certificate. This agreed diseases is presently receiving much attention both at with the assertions ofRansome-Kuti (1990), who stated the Federal and local government levels, so the finding that the community health extension workers are the is not surprising. The community health workers most important members ofthe primary health eare team. opined that the content of commercially produced or They are expected to spend 80% of their time in the imported audiovisual aids are very relevant to local community in order to motivate the villagers/to imbibe health programmes. However, it is necessary to point preventive health measures. According to him, the out that most foreign films do not portray local scenes extension workers are the architects of community and as such may not be very relevant to local health participation and a vital link between the community experiences. This study revealed that songs, pictures and the clinic. and lectures arc the most.

The media resources available to the community health Frequently used media. In 1989, the Planned Parenthood workers include posters, charts, films, pamphlets, radio, Federation of Nigeria embarked on national campaign. public address system etc. Most of the places visited In the first two phases the talents of popular musician - do not have the expensive media such as video projector, King Sunny Ade and Onyeka Onwenu were combined opaque projector, etc. This is as a result of high cost of to produce two hit songs 'choices' and 'wait for me'. purchase. A video projector in the market costs as much Both songs helped the association to promote family as three hundred thousand naira (N300,000). As such planning, abstinence and sexual responsibility. This none of them could alTord it. At Planned Parenthood confirms the high frequency utilization of songs in health Federation of Nigerian (pPFN) Lagos, the programme campaigns. officer did not indicate the number of audiovisual gadgets available for security reasons. In some of the Also, the 1993 Annual Report of the Planned local governments visited the media resources were Parenthood Federation of Nigeria, Lagos State properly organized though not classified while in others Association (199-l) indicated that the association carried they were scattered. In such places the researcher spent out 192 market campaigns, 3 mass media activities, 108 a lot of time in order to collect data on the number of group motivation/lectures, 63 clinic based family items available. planning lectures/talks in selected local governments. Majority of the respondents agreed that audiovisual They equally delivered 17 lectures and 2 film shows in materials should be used in all health programmes. This schools in Lagos State to promote family planning

TABLE 5: FREQUENCY OF USE OF AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA FREQUENCY USE Very Frequently Frequently Occassionally Not Used at all Media No.ofRespon- "lo No. of Respon- % No. of Rcspon- No. of Respon dents dents dents % dents %~ Songs 85 70.8 26 21.6 4 3.3 5 4.2 Picture 72 60 23 19.2 18 15 7 5.8 Lectures 59 49.2 34 28.3 22 18.3 5 4.2 Stories 48 40 21 17.5 29 24.4 22 18.3 Charts 43 35.8 62 51.7 8 6.7 7 5.8 Models 17 14.2 28 23.3 59 49.2 16 13.3 Role Play 12 10 12 10 63 52.5 33 27.5 Drama 10 8.3 21 17.5 68 56.7 21 17.5 Television 8 6.7 7 5.8 31 25.8 74 61.7 Tapes 6 5 8 6.7 32 26.6 74 61.7 Films 4 3.3 7 5.8 63 52.5 46 38.3 Slidcs 1 0.8 7 5.8 36 3.0 76 63.3 Filmstrips 1 0.8 66 5 33 27.5 80 63.3

N= 120 - ss Compliance with Library Rules and Regulation Lagos Journal of Library & Information Science Anasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.) Vol. 1, No.1, 2003

TABLE6: EFFECflVEl'II'ESSOFMEDIA UTiliZED

FREQUENCY USE

Very Effective Effective Not Effective Not Surre

Media No. of Respon % No. of Rcspon- % No. of Rcspon- No. of Rcspon- dents dents dents % dents %

Posters \00 83.3 20 16.7 - - - -

Songs 98 81.7 19 15.8 I 0.8 2 1.7

Pictures 77 64.2 36 30 3 2.5 4 3.3

Lectures 73 60.8 38 31.7 4 3.3 5 4.2

Pamphlets 43 35.8 63 52.2 9 7.5 5 4.2

Stories 36 30 63 52.2 9 7.5 12 10

Drama 23 19.7 75 62.5 13 10.8 12 10

Television 16 13.3 33 27.5 8 6.7 63 52.2

Films 16 13.3 24 20 8 6.7 72 60 - Tapes 4 3.3 34 28.3 15 12.5 67 55.8

Filmstrips 4 3.3 29 24.2 15 12.5 72 60

Slides 3 2.5 29 24.2 15 12.5 73 60.8

Realia I 0.8 14 11.7 5 4.2 100 83.3

Computer - - 8 6.7 12 10 100 83.3

N= 120 behaviour among youths. The above findings confirmed The community health workers can only utilize the high frequency use of lectures in health education audiovisual materials that are available to them. program mes. Therefore, the Federal, State and Local governments should demonstrate their commitment towards primary In addition, Mabawonku and Atinmo (1980) affirmed health care deliver and the attainment of "Health for that the most used media in health education in Nigerian All" by encouraging the utilization of all forms ofhcalth hospitals are stiIl songs and lectures. This may be as a communication. This should be achieved through: result of the inherent advantages of lecture methods and songs, or due to inadequate supply of other media. TABLE 7: CONSTRAINTS TO THE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL However, it is necessary to point out that these CONSTRAINTS NO. OF audiovisual media are not used in isolation. As aids RESPON- 0/0 they are incorporated into health education programmes DENTS to clarify or COIILI 'I /c some ideas or concepts related very expensive 80 66.7 to some subject IlI:I! tcr or content. For example songs, lectures and film shows may be projector costs as much Constant power failure 79 65.8 as three hundred thousand naira (N300,000.00) Not always available 77 64.2 demonstrates clearly that the cost of audiovisual Difficult to obtain 44 36.7 softwares and hardwares in Nigerian markets is now very exorbitant. This accounts for the non-utilization Difficult to produce 43 35.8 of expensive audiovisual media such as video projectors, Difficult to interpret computer, etc. language 20 16.7 Very time consuming 14 11.7 RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the findings, the following recommendations Not very useful 7 5.8 are therefore made. Hate using them 4 3.3 1. Adequate Provision of Audiovisual Materials Cannot handle them 4 3.3 N= 120 56 Compliance with- Library Rules and Regulation Lagos Journal of Library & Information Science Anasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.) Vol. I, No.1, 2003

(a) increased budget allocation for the purchase cannot be won If the citizens arc not sensitized and of audiovisual materials mobilized enough to participate in the campaign for prevention and cure of these diseases. (b) removal of import duties and all forms of tariff on audiovisual hardwares and softwarcs to make Indeed, the non-utilization of multi-media in health them available and less expensive. campaigns implies high morbidity, high mortality and (c) Soliciting for the assistance of non-governmental invariably low productivity. organizations and philanthropic associations for the supply and donation of audiovisual materials CONCLUSION to all primary health care centers. In view of all the lindings, one might conclude that the (d) Provision of rural libraries fully equipped with community health workers use audiovisual resources television, video and all other health related that arc readily available to them while the low utilization projected audiovisual aids. This will enable of media resources such as films, slides, filmstrips, those who cannot afford them to make use of the tapes, realia, video and television sets may be as a existing opportunities free of charge and thereby result of their inadequate supply and inaccessibility to promote health care delivery among the rural the community health workers. populace. Furthermore, the major barriers to audiovisual resources (e) Seeking professional assistance and expert utilization identified by community health workers are advice in the planning and production of cost of purchasing materials, constant power failure, audiovisual materials with local' scenes. and inadequate supply of materials.

2. Workshops, Seminars and Conferences However, it is pertinent to point out that effective and efficient health care delivery in Nigeria demands To enhance the utilization ofaudiovisual media, regular maximum utilization of various types of audiovisual workshops, seminars, short courses and conferences media, According to Olukoya (1990) Nigeria is 85.3% should be organized for community health workers. rural in population and witl154%and 77% illiteracy rate This will definitely help to raise the standard of among males and females respectively. Thus, any audiovisual media utilization among community health attempt to reach out this enormous population workers. successfully makes the utilization of all audiovisual resources mandatory. 3. Evaluation of Audiovisual Utilization

All health institutions in Nigeria should set up effective More so, full participation has been identified as the machinery for the monitoring and evaluation of most important principle ofprimary health care. Yet, a audiovisual utilization among the health workers. This large population of Nigerians have never participated will assist in the identilication of the most effective in health care delivery system of this country. media. Therefore, adequate mobilization, and sensitization of Nigerian populace towards improvement of their health 4. Efficient Distribution System status means that all channels of health communication must be employed. The community health units in all the local goverrunent headquarters should set up an efficient distribution REFERENCES system to ensure that available audiovisual materials Durana, Ines, et al (L980) Teaching Strategies for get to the community health workers in various clinics Primary Health Care. A Syllabus. USA: Rockeller on time. Foundation p. 18.

IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY Federal Ministry ofHealth (1988) The National Health Policy and Strategy To Achieve Health for all The value of health to an individual, a nation and the Nigerians. Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of world at large cannot be overstressed, Therefore, the Health. October, Pp. 1-45. negligence or failure of the government and other health agencies to effectively use multimedia approach Ibcgwam, A. (2001) "Potentials of Medical Libraries in in addressing the multidimensional health problems In Public Health Information in Nigeria; A Pilot this country spells doom for the citizens, There is no Study" m Lagos Librarian'. Journal of the gainsaying the fact that the battle against HIV/AIDS Nigeria Library Association Lagos Slate Chapter. scourge, cancer, hypertension, Hepatitis, diabetes etc. Vol.22, No. I & 2, Pp. 11-l7. Compliance with Library Rules and Regulation Lagos Journal of Library & Information Science Anasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.) Vol. 1, No.1, 2003

Mabawonku, LM. and Atinmo, M. L (1980) Audiovisual Popoola, S. O. (1998) "An Appraisal of Information in the Health Care Delivery System 0[0)'0 State Dissemination of State Health Workers on Family of Nigeria. West African Journal of Education. Planning Programme in Nigeria". Nigerian Vol. Xxi No, 3 October. Pp.91-1OG. Libraries: Joumal ofthe Nigeria Libra - Association Vol. l. 3 2 No. I, Pp. 13-2l. Nworgu, B.G. (1988) "The Instructional System: An In novation in I nst ruct ional Technology". World HealLh Organisation (1990) A Call [or Action - Educational Technology in Nigerian Education Promoting Health in Developing Countries: edited by Dorothy A. Onyejcmezi. Onitsha: Summary Report of Working Group on Health Educational Publishers Limited. P.8l. Promotion in Developing Countries Geneva 9-13 October 1989, USA: WHOPp. 1-9. Olukoya, Adcpcju A. (1990) "Approaches to AIDS Education [or the Grassroots in Nigeria". Hygic Vol. IX No. 4, P. 32.

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