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Vol III Komodo National Park, Indonesia TOURISM, CONSERVATION & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT VOLUME III KOMODO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA Final Report to the Department for International Development Principal Authors: Goodwin, H.J., Kent, I.J., Parker, K.T., & Walpole, M.J. Project Managers: Goodwin, H.J.(Project Director), Swingland, I.R., Sinclair, M.T.(to August 1995), Parker, K.T.(from August 1995) Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IMS), University of Kent April 1997 This is one of four final reports produced at the end of a three year, Department for International Development funded project. Three case study reports (Vols. II-IV) present the research findings from the individual research sites (Keoladeo NP, India, Komodo NP, Indonesia, and the south-east Lowveld, Zimbabwe). The fourth report (Vol. I) contains a comparison of the findings from each site. Contextual data reports for each site, and methodological reports, were compiled at the end of the first and second years of the project respectively. The funding for this research was announced to the University of Kent by the ODA in December 1993. The original management team for the project consisted of, Goodwin, H.J., (Project Director), Swingland, I.R. and Sinclair, M.T. In August 1995, Sinclair was replaced by Parker, K.T. Principal Authors: • Dr Harold Goodwin (Project Director, DICE) • Mr Ivan Kent (DICE) • Dr Kim Parker (IMS) • Mr Matt Walpole (DICE) The collaborating institution in Indonesia was the Wallacea Development Institute (WDI). The research co-ordinators in Indonesia were Mr A.Karamoy (WDI) and Ir.Sudibyo (PHPA, Bogor). Research in Komodo National Park was overseen by the park director, Drs. J.Subijanto. Field research was conducted by M.Walpole and K.Ward (DICE), with the collaboration of Ir.Sudibyo and Pak. Muhidin (PHPA). Additional research and assistance in the UK was carried out by K.Ward (DICE), R.Smith (DICE), C.Jordan (IMS) and D.Metcalfe (IMS). Suggested Citation Format: Goodwin, H.J., Kent, I.J., Parker, K.T., & Walpole, M.J. (1997). Tourism, Conservation & Sustainable Development: Volume III, Komodo National Park, Indonesia. (1 of 4 Volumes), Unpublished, April 1997. The contents of this report and the views expressed in it are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department for International Development. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research in Indonesia was carried out with the collaboration of WDI. The utmost gratitude is expressed to our counterpart in WDI, Mr Adnan Karamoy, for his invaluable role in co-ordinating the research, managing the budget, and overseeing the logistical side of the project in Indonesia. We are also indebted to Ir.Sudibyo (PHPA, Bogor), for co-ordinating much of the fieldwork of the project, for accompanying DICE staff on field visits, and for numerous other tasks which contributed to the success of the project in Indonesia. Thanks also to Joop Ave, Minister of Tourism, Posts and Telecommunications, and to Professor Ibnu Sutowo, WDI, for supporting this research. This research could not have been carried out without the cooperation of the director, Drs Johannes Subijanto, and staff of Komodo National Park. Particular thanks are owed to the following: Agus Marhadi for logistic assistance during field visits, and for managing the survey budget; Ibu Dede for translating questionnaires and workshop presentations; Muhidin for conducting and overseeing data collection, particularly the visitor questionnaire and the collection of park visitor statistics; Agus Haryanta and Alo Sahu for assisting with field surveys in the park. Much of the detailed local survey work was carried out by members of the Kader Konservasi in Labuan Bajo, Sape and Kampung Komodo. Particular thanks are due to Pak. Muhidin and Pak. Radi for co-ordinating the survey work. The following members of the Kader Konservasi kindly undertook the survey work: in Labuan Bajo, Azis, Rafiq, Yuliana, Farid, Hartisah, Rahmatang; in Sape, Husein, Nurmaeli, Mudar, Asni, Habibah, Asturi; in Kampung Komodo, Sa’ala, Ramang, Bahtiang. In addition, thanks are given to all the local respondents who gave their time to complete the survey. The cooperation and assistance provided by the Komodo Koperasi (KPN Komodo) was invaluable to this research. Particular thanks go to Ramang Ishaka and Oman Rohman. In addition, sincere thanks are expressed to all the staff of KNP and the Koperasi who helped to make the field visits as successful as possible. Our sincere gratitude is expressed to Mr Paul Boleng, head of the Labuan Bajo tourism office, for providing valuable assistance with the Labuan Bajo visitor survey. Thanks also to all the hotel staff who assisted with the distribution of the survey questionnaires. Tour operator surveys in Bali, and surveys of package tourists, were administered by Paul Edmundus (Floressa Tours) and Reno and Nyoman Kirtya (Grand Komodo Tours). Many thanks for all their efforts in this regard. The workshop on Sustainable Tourism and Biodiversity, held in Labuan Bajo in April 1996, was co-ordinated by KNP. The success of the workshop was entirely due to the efforts of the steering committee (Drs. Johannes Subijanto, Ir. Siti Chadidjah Kaniawati, Drs. Agus Marhadi, Oman Rohman and Tata) and the organising committee (Drs. Ketut Sudiarsa, S.Radi, Safrudin Maha, Donatus Kami, Peterus Haji, Iim Suchiman, Muhidin, Antonius Sadur, and Abdurahman). Many thanks to Ir.Sudibyo for all his translating work during the workshop, and to Ron Lilley for additional translations, and for a wealth of background information and support. A further workshop was held in Bali with local tour operators. Many thanks to Paul Edmundus (Floressa Tours) for organising this workshop, and for all the logistical help in organising flights and accommodation for the Labuan Bajo workshop and other field visits. Our sincere gratitude is expressed to the Darwin Initiative for funding assistance for these workshops, and to Dr Shaun Russell (DICE) for overseeing the planning of them, both in the UK and in Jakarta. Many members of DICE and IMS contributed to the research and production of final reports. Claire Jordan and David Metcalfe (IMS) conducted the research into UK and German tour operator attitudes and perceptions. Additional data entry from visitor questionnaires was conducted by Kari Ward, Claire Jordan, and Bob Smith. Bob Smith and Annette Huggins provided technical assistance during the production of reports. Professor Nigel Leader-Williams and Kari Ward proofed earlier drafts of parts of this report and offered valuable comments. The DICE secretariat provided vital logistical support throughout the duration of the project. Sincere thanks are offered to all of the above for the vital contributions which they have made. Substantial background information and secondary sources were obtained from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), for which we are very grateful. Particular thanks go to Dr. Jeremy Harrison, Dr. Don Gordon, and Dilys Roe. In producing this final report we have used some paragraphs from the inception reports sent to ODA in March 1995, we would like to acknowledge the contribution of Janet Cochrane and Kari Ward as co-authors of the 1995 report. Finally, the authors would like to express their thanks and gratitude to all the people in Indonesia and the UK, who we have been unable to name in person, who have contributed in any way to the completion of this research. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 1.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Biodiversity Significance ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Tourism in Indonesia................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Wildlife Tourism and Conservation............................................................................................ 5 1.3 SITE PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Location....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Physical Features........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3.3 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.3.4 Vegetation.................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.5 Fauna........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.6 Marine Environment ................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 PROTECTED AREA STATUS ...................................................................................................................
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