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State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape Decline of the Horowhenua Coastline Between Hokio and Waitohu Streams

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State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape Decline of the Horowhenua Coastline Between Hokio and Waitohu Streams State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape Decline of the Horowhenua Coastline Between Hokio and Waitohu Streams Manaaki Taha Moana: Enhancing Coastal Ecosystems for Iwi MTM Report No. 2 June 2011 State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape State Declineof Ecological/Cultural of the Horowhenua Coastline LandscapeBetween Decline Hokio and ofWaitohu Horowhenua Streams Coastline Between Hokio and Dr Huhana Smith WaitohuAroha Streams Spinks Tipene Hoskins ! Moira Poutama ! "#!$%&'('!)*+,&! !!!!!! ISBN 978-0-9876535-1-2 !!!!!! ISSN-#.&'!)/+(01! 2230-3332 (Print) !!!!!! 2+/3(3!$.10+(1!ISSN 2230-3340 (Online) 4.+#'!5.%,'*'! Published by the Manaaki Taha Moana (MTM) Research Team FundedISBN by the978-0-9876535-1-2 Ministry for Science and Innovation Contract MAUX0907 MainISSN Contract 2230-3332 Holder: Massey(Print) University www.mtm.ac.nz ISSN 2230-3340 (Online) 5%67+1&38!69!,&3!4'(''0+!2'&'!4.'('!:424;!<313'#=&!23'*! >%(838!69!,&3!4+(+1,#9!?.#!)=+3(=3!'(8!@((.A',+.(! B.(,#'=,!4-CDEFEG! 4'+(!B.(,#'=,!$.783#H!4'1139!C(+A3#1+,9! IIIJ*,*J'=J(K! Peer reviewed by: !!!!!!!!! Approved for release by: Te Waari Carkeek and Dennis Emery!!!!!!!!!!! <3A+3I38!69H!! 23!L''#+!B'#0330! -//#.A38!?.#!#373'13!69H! ! !!"3((+1!M*3#9!!!!!!!!!! ! 424!)=+3(=3!N3'83#! ! !!!!!!!!!!! MTM5#.?311.#!4%##'9!5',,3#1.(! Science Leader !!!!!!!!!!! Professor Murray Patterson @11%3!"',3H!O%79!PEQQ! Recommended citation: <3=.**3(838!=+,',+.(H! )*+,&R!$JR!)/+(01R!-JR!$.10+(1R!2J!S!5.%,'*'R!4J!:PSmith, H., Spinks, A., Hoskins, T. & Poutama, EQQ;J!!),',3!.?!M=.7.T+='7UB%7,%#'7!N'(81='/3!"3=7+M. (2011). State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape Decline(3!.?!$.#.I&3(%'!B.'1,7 of Horowhenua Coastline+(3! V3,I33(!$.0+.!'(8!L'+,.&%!),#3'*1J!!4'(''0+!2'&'!4.Between Hokio and Waitohu Streams. Manaaki Taha Moana'('!<313'#=&!<3/.#,!W.J!PJ!4'1139!C(+A3#1+,9R!5'7*3 Research Report No. 2. Massey University, Palmerston#1,.(!W.#,&J! North. ! NGA MIHI Tuia i runga, tuia i raro, tuia i waho, tuia i roto, tuia te here tangata, ka rongo te p", ka rongo te ao. Ka tuku te ia o whakaaro kia rere makuru roimata atu ki te k#hui ng$ kua hoki atu ki te waro huanga roa o te wairua, r#tou kei tua o te #rai, takoto, okioki, e moe. T#tou ng# waihotanga o te reka ki a t#tou, #, e mihi kau atu ana m#tou ki a k"utou i kotahi ai te whakaaro i raro i te korowai whakamarumaru o t%nei taonga, Manaaki Taha Moana (MTM). Tihei Mauri Ora, ki a t#tou katoa. Ki ng# taniwh# hikurauroa i putaputa mai ai i ng# rua k"niwhaniwha, ng# whare maire, ng# whare w#nanga me ng# whare whakahuruhuru manu # p$tea nei o te motu, t%n# koutou. Ki ng# manu tioriori e karangaranga ana te taha wairua ki te taha tangata i runga i ng# marae mahamaha o Rongomaraeroa, wh#toro atu ana ki ng# unaunahi nunui e p&ataata mai r# i te nuku o te ika, te mata o te wh%, T%n# hoki koutou, oti r#, t%n# t#tou katoa. Manaaki Taha Moana: Enhancing Coastal Ecosystems for Iwi and Hapū 1 © Manaaki Taha Moana Research Team Published by the Manaaki Taha Moana Research Team MAUX 0907 Contract Holder: Massey University Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North New Zealand Disclaimer While the author(s), the MTM research team, and their respective organisations, have exercised all reasonable skill and care in researching and reporting this information, and in having it appropriately reviewed, neither the author(s), the research team, nor the institutions involved shall be liable for the opinions expressed, or the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document. The author will not be liable in contract, tort, or otherwise howsoever, for any loss, damage or expense (whether direct, indirect or consequential) arising out of the provision for the information contained in the report or its use. Manaaki Taha Moana: Enhancing Coastal Ecosystems for Iwi and Hapū 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Manaaki Taha Moana (MTM) is a collaborative, multi-entity, six-year research programme being conducted in two research areas: Tauranga Moana and Horowhenua coast. It is funded by the Ministry for Science and Innovation (MSI) until 2015. The Horowhenua case study and research programme builds upon Massey University’s research with Ng#ti Raukawa in the lower north island: 'Ecosystem Services Benefits in Terrestrial Ecosystems for Iwi and Hapu' (MAUX0502). MTM is a collaborative, action and kaupapa M#ori research project. It uses M#tauranga M#ori or M#ori knowledge systems and cultural indicators alongside Western science to determine the ecological and cultural landscape decline issues facing these coastal systems for whenua (lands), awa (waterways), repo (wetlands) and moana (seas and harbours). Te Reo a Taiao Ng#ti Raukawa Environmental Resource Unit (Taiao Raukawa) and MTM research team are linked in this project to Waka Taiao Ltd and their research team, who are supported by Te Manaaki Taiao Trust. All entities are linked to Ng#ti Ranginui, Ng#i Te Rangi and Ng#ti Pukenga of Tauranga harbour and Ng#ti Raukawa ki te Tonga, their Iwi and Hap$ affiliates and the neighbouring Iwi and Hap$ (including Mua$poko) for the Horowhenua case study. The case study is bounded by the Tasman Sea and stretches from the Hokio Stream in the North, to the Waitohu Stream, wetland and estuary at 'taki in the South. It extends inland to encompass back dune systems with dune lakes, river meanders, wetlands with streams into riverine estuaries, and streams into the sea. This State of Ecological/Cultural Landscape Decline of Horowhenua Coastline Between Hokio and Waitohu Streams report goes someway towards identifying the key decline issues for species and ecosystems within the Hokio to Waitohu Streams area and their associated systems across dunes, wetlands and peatlands into the marine, and particularly for areas held in M#ori land tenure. In these areas Iwi and Hap$ have evaluated and defined preferred options with their research collaborators for actively enhanc- ing and restoring coastal and once culturally significant ecosystems in this distinct tribal area. Over time hands-on action research and rehabilitation programmes for valued ecosystems have taken place as kaitiaki (environmental guardians) respond to the severe environmental decline of ancestral lands and waterways in their areas of kaitiakitanga responsibility. Various kaitiaki in the Horowhenua to northern Kapiti rohe have engaged in action, kaupapa M#ori and oral archiving research to collate knowledge about the decline of species. They have also devised enhancement activities for ecosystems that are more meaningful and relevant to their local M#ori communities. They use tikanga based approaches when exacting research. They also ground the collaboration with other entities through relevant exercise of tikanga and protocols at marae within the case study. The MTM team also acknowledges land holdings in the case study region that are not in non-Maori ownership, therefore permission is sought from land owners for access to waterways or ecosystems. Each participant is kept up to date with all re- ports and data as they come to hand, including this report. The central research question is: “How can we best enhance and restore the value and resilience of coastal ecosystems and their services, so that this makes a positive contribution to Iwi and Hap$ identity, survival and welfare in the case study regions?” Over the course of the research activities the MTM team aim to restore and enhance coastal ecosystems and their services of importance to Iwi and Hap$. The team is evaluating options based on collated data that will be assisted by the development of innovative Information Technology and decision support tools like simulation modelling, interactive mapping, 3D depiction and real-time monitoring as led by Waka Digital Ltd based in Tauranga. A recent collaboration (activated in 2011) with 4th Year Landscape Architecture Design students, from Victoria University, Wellington is another use of innovative technologies, theo- ries and understanding human relationships to place. The collaboration works two ways: one, enhances the student knowledge base on M#ori relationships to whenua and resources and two: offers capacity raising opportunities for M#ori to engage in tech- nologies fashioned to suit M#ori needs. Action Plans and recommendations will also be produced for improving coastal ecosystems in each rohe. The research programme is cross-cultural; interdisciplinary; applies problem solving techniques; is technologically innovative; and integrates the ecological, environmental, cultural and social factors associated with coastal res- toration for human wellbeing. Manaaki Taha Moana: Enhancing Coastal Ecosystems for Iwi and Hapū 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION"...................................................................................................................................................6 " What is Manaaki Taha Moana (MTM) and who is involved in it? What is the main purpose of Manaaki Taha Moana: Enhancing Coastal Ecosystems for Iwi and Hapū " (MTM)? What are the Specific Objectives or Stages of MTM? How does this report fit into the other work going on in MTM at the moment? What Happens Next? Purpose The Research 2. " DESCRIPTION OF THE COASTLINE AND RELATIONSHIPS TO IWI AND HAP# ..........................12 " Important Dune Wetlands, Dune Lakes, River Meanders, Streams and Lakes in the case study region Hydrology research Recommendations for water quality in dune wetland regions Archaeo-seismological Research for Faulting and Liquefaction 3." M$ORI VALUES: KAITIAKITANGA"................................................................................................................25
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